CN114479825B - 一种用于防伪和信息加密的染料/金属-有机框架复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于防伪和信息加密的染料/金属-有机框架复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于防伪和信息加密的染料/金属‑有机框架复合材料及其制备方法。本发明首先制备金属‑有机框架材料,再将其浸泡于含螺吡喃、偶氮苯等染料的溶液中,过滤后获得发光性能优异的复合材料。该复合材料在极短的时间内,交替使用紫外光和可见光照射,即可实现从蓝光到红光的动态切换与多色显示,从而实现防伪和信息加密应用,该复合材料具有很高的稳定性和耐疲劳性能,是极具应用前景的智能防伪技术。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于防伪和信息加密的染料/金属-有机框架复合材料及其制备方法,该材料在交替使用紫外光和可见光照射下,即可实现从蓝光到红光的动态切换与多色显示,从而实现防伪和信息加密应用。
背景技术
随着新材料和加解密技术的快速发展,防伪技术从原始水印迅速扩展到变色油墨、发光图案等。在这些技术中,发光图案因其种类繁多且易于操作发光材料而备受关注。动态变色发光材料在在信息安全、数据加密、防伪和多重生物测定方面具有巨大的应用潜力。
在各种外部刺激下的作用下,例如,光、热、应力或pH,光致变色分子可以可逆地改变其结构,进而明显改变材料在光异构化时的电子、热或光物理性质。这种刺激响应材料具有隐蔽性高、操作方便、设计简单等优点,在各种应用领域具有广泛的潜在应用前景。其中,光开关是近年来最吸引人的研究领域,基于光照射的优点,它可以远程触发具有高度空间和时间控制的切换。因此,目前已经研究了几种光开关分子,如偶氮苯、芪、螺吡喃、二芳基乙烯等,以构建光致变色材料。其中,螺吡喃化合物是光开关最独特的例子之一,在紫外光照射下,其闭环稳定异构体(SP,封闭形式)转化为开环瞬态部花青(MC,开环形式)异构体,瞬态开环的MC在可见光或强烈加热下很容易转化为稳定的SP闭环形式,这些不同的光学输出在非侵入性显示或防伪方面显示巨大的应用前景。然而,这些刺激响应发光材料要么依赖于不断添加化学物质,要么需要侵入性刺激,这对环境有害。因此,本发明提供一种染料/金属-有机框架复合材料,在不同刺激下,将装载光致变色分子的金属-有机框架复合材料可以实现动态荧光与颜色的变化,从而实现动态荧光防伪和信息加密。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于防伪和信息加密的染料/金属-有机框架复合材料及其制备方法,该材料在交替使用紫外光和可见光照射下,即可实现从蓝光到红光的动态切换与多色显示,从而实现可逆的防伪和信息加密的目的。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下方案:
本发明的目的之一是提供一种光致变色材料为染料/金属-有机框架复合材料。
本发明的一种用于防伪和信息加密的染料/金属-有机框架复合材料,该材料具有长程有序的晶体结构以及规则的孔道,其化学式为[M(L)x(G)y]•(R)n,其中M为镉离子、锌离子、镁离子;其中L为2,3,5,6-四(4-羧基苯基)吡嗪,四(4-羧基苯基)甲烷,1,2,4,5-四(4-羧基苯基)苯,1,2,4,5-四(4-羧基苯基)-3,6-二甲基苯,x=0.5~1;G表示与金属离子配位或在晶体孔道内的溶剂分子,为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N, N-二甲基乙酰胺或者N, N-二乙基甲酰胺,y=0~50,R表示孔道内的有机染料分子,n=1~20。所述的染料为螺吡喃(SP)、偶氮苯(AZO)或二芳基乙烯(DAE),它们的结构为:
本发明中,所述的一种用于防伪和信息加密的染料/金属-有机框架复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将金属盐与含有四羧酸基团的四边形对称配体溶解在水、乙腈和有机溶剂中,得到混合溶液,将得到溶液放入玻璃瓶中,在110~130 ℃加热反应1~3天,自然冷却到室温,离心分离,用不同溶剂洗涤,过滤并干燥,得到金属-有机框架材料;将所得金属-有机框架材料浸泡在含染料的有机溶剂中,置于40~60 ℃烘箱中保温1~3天后得到用于防伪和信息加密的染料/金属-有机框架复合材料。
本发明中,进一步的,所述的金属盐为硝酸镉、硫酸镉、乙酸镉、氯化镉、硝酸镁、硝酸锌或氯化镁。
本发明中,所述的含有四羧酸基团的四边形对称配体是(a) 2,3,5,6-四(4-羧基苯基)吡嗪,(b) 四(4-羧基苯基)甲烷,(c) 1,2,4,5-四(4-羧基苯基)苯,(d) 1,2,4,5-四(4-羧基苯基)-3,6-二甲基苯,四者的结构式分别如下:
本发明中,进一步的,所述的有机溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N, N-二甲基乙酰胺或者N, N-二乙基甲酰胺中任意一种,且其中水、乙腈、有机溶剂的体积比为1: 1: 0~1。
本发明中,进一步的,所述的金属盐中的金属离子与有机配体的摩尔比为1~4: 1。
本发明中,进一步的,所述金属-有机框架材料和染料的质量比为1~10:1。
本发明中,进一步的,所述含染料的甲醇溶液的浓度为0.1~5.0 mmol/L。
本发明的复合材料由于具有优异、稳定的光致变色特性,可以应用在防伪和信息加密等领域中。
本发明具体的有益效果在于:
1.本发明的金属-有机框架材料的合成方法工艺简单、条件温和,产率高达60%-65%。将反应原料溶解后,于110 ℃左右反应就可获得所需的材料。在所有使用的原料中没有有毒有害的物质和催化剂,制备过程中也没有产生有毒有害的物质。
2. 制备获得的金属-有机框架材料具有新颖的晶体结构,以镉为例,由3个镉离子组成的Cd3簇和去质子化的四羧酸配体连接形成的三维网络结构,每个Cd3簇上连接8个去质子化的四羧酸配体,而每个去质子化的四羧酸配体则连接4个Cd3簇。该金属-有机框架材料在空气中、水中和二甲基甲酰胺中均具有良好的稳定性。
3. 以镉为例,含Cd的金属-有机框架材料的孔道结构为菱形,孔道尺寸为6.0 Å左右(孔道直径),与有机染料如螺吡喃(SP)的尺寸(6.0 Å × 11.6 Å)刚好保持匹配,染料的非辐射跃迁被抑制,孔道尺寸与染料大小一致极大地避免了染料自堆积从而导致的聚集诱导淬灭效应,获得了优异的发光性能。
4. 本发明制备的金属-有机框架材料是一种具有有序微孔结构和规则的孔道的晶态材料,从而可以使客体分子进入到孔道中;因为配体四羧酸具有很好的发光特性,使得金属-有机框架材料具备很强的荧光发射性能和高的量子效率,以染料螺吡喃为例,本发明金属-有机框架材料的发射光谱和螺吡喃开环后的花菁(MC)的吸收光谱有重叠,并且给体金属-有机框架材料和受体花菁(MC)距离合适,紫外光照射后会发生高效的能量转移,来有效提高螺吡喃的荧光强度和量子效率,能够大大改善螺吡喃染料的光致变色性能。
5. 制备的染料/金属-有机框架复合材料的粉末黑暗环境中在紫外灯365 nm照射下变成红色,大概5 min左右达到平衡,并且动态变化过程中测试荧光光谱,红光波段的峰逐渐增强伴随着蓝光波段的峰逐渐降低,红色粉末在> 405 nm的白光LED照射下变成蓝色,大概5 min左右达到平衡,并且动态变化过程中测试荧光光谱,红光波段的峰逐渐降低伴随着蓝光波段的峰逐渐增强。所制得的复合材料在自然光或日光灯下,粉末呈现深红色,经白光LED照射下由深红色变为浅黄色,在紫外灯365 nm照射下又恢复为深红色。动态变化过程可以循环10次而发光没有明显变化,将染料/金属-有机框架复合材料的粉末制成图案,可实现防伪和信息加密。
附图说明
图1是本发明中实施例1的染料/金属-有机框架复合材料在紫外光365 nm照射下的荧光动态光谱变化;
图2是本发明中实施例1的染料/金属-有机框架复合材料经365 nm紫外光/可见光(>405 nm)照射下回复10次的循环图。
图3是本发明中实施例1的染料/金属-有机框架复合材料在黑暗和自然光条件下经365 nm紫外光/可见光(>405 nm)照射下的粉末效果图。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
(1)制备含Cd的金属-有机框架材料,具体的合成路线如下:
将氯化镉(0.039 mmol)和2,3,5,6-四(4-羧基苯基)吡嗪(0.022 mmol)溶解在1mL二甲基甲酰胺、3 mL乙腈、3 mL水和20 μL 3 mol/L的硝酸。在20 mL玻璃小瓶中通过超声处理10分钟。将反应混合物加热至110 °C保持48小时,然后冷却至室温。然后过滤收集无色晶体,用过量的二甲基甲酰胺和乙醇洗涤,得到含Cd的金属-有机框架材料单晶,室温真空干燥。通过单晶X射线衍射分析可得,含Cd的金属-有机框架材料具有长程有序的晶体结构和规则的三维孔结构,从a轴看,窗口尺寸约为11.2×12.1 Å。
(2)将螺吡喃(SP)装载于含Cd的金属-有机框架材料
将含Cd的金属-有机框架材料的晶体在浓度为2.0 mM的螺吡喃(SP)甲醇溶液中在60 ℃下浸泡24小时,得到SP/含Cd的金属-有机框架复合材料。产物用甲醇彻底洗涤3次以去除SP/含Cd的金属-有机框架复合材料表面残留的SP,并在50 ℃下干燥4 h。
SP/含Cd的金属-有机框架复合材料的粉末黑暗中在紫外灯365 nm照射下变成红色,大概5 min达到平衡,并且动态变化过程中测试荧光光谱,红光波段的峰逐渐增强伴随着蓝光波段的峰逐渐降低;红色粉末在> 405 nm的白光LED照射下变成蓝色,大概5 min达到平衡,并且动态变化过程中测试荧光光谱,红光波段的峰逐渐降低伴随着蓝光波段的峰逐渐增强。所制得的复合材料在自然光或日光灯下,粉末呈现深红色,经白光LED照射下由深红色变为浅黄色,在紫外灯365 nm照射下又恢复为深红色。动态变化过程可以循环10次而发光没有明显变化,将SP/含Cd的金属-有机框架复合材料的粉末制成图案,可实现防伪和信息加密。
实施例2:
(1)制备含Zn的金属-有机框架材料,具体的合成路线如下:
将硝酸锌(0.08 mmol)和1,2,4,5-四(4-羧基苯基)苯(0.02 mmol)溶解在0.5 mL二乙基甲酰胺、3 mL乙腈、3 mL水和40 μL 3 mol/L的硝酸。在20 mL玻璃小瓶中通过超声处理10分钟。将反应混合物加热至120 °C保持24小时,然后冷却至室温。然后过滤收集无色晶体,用过量的二乙基甲酰胺和乙醇洗涤,得到含Zn的金属-有机框架材料晶体,室温真空干燥。
(2)将二芳基乙烯(DAE)装载于含Zn的金属-有机框架材料
含Zn的金属-有机框架材料的晶体在浓度为0.1 mM的二芳基乙烯(DAE)的甲醇溶液中在40 ℃下浸泡24小时,得到DAE/含Zn的金属-有机框架复合材料。产物用甲醇彻底洗涤3次以去除DAE/含Zn的金属-有机框架复合材料表面残留的DAE,并在50 ℃下干燥4 h。
DAE/含Zn的金属-有机框架复合材料的粉末黑暗中在紫外灯365 nm照射下变成红色,大概3 min达到平衡,并且动态变化过程中测试荧光光谱,红光波段的峰逐渐增强伴随着蓝光波段的峰逐渐降低;红色粉末在> 405 nm的白光LED照射下变成蓝色,大概3 min达到平衡,并且动态变化过程中测试荧光光谱,红光波段的峰逐渐降低伴随着蓝光波段的峰逐渐增强。所制得的复合材料在自然光或日光灯下,粉末呈现深红色,经白光LED照射下由深红色变为浅黄色,在紫外灯365 nm照射下又恢复为深红色。动态变化过程可以循环10次而发光没有明显变化。将DAE/含Zn的金属-有机框架复合材料的粉末制备成图案,可实现防伪和信息加密。
实施例3:
(1)制备含Mg的金属-有机框架材料,具体的合成路线如下:
将硝酸镁(0.02 mmol)和1,2,4,5-四(4-羧基苯基)-3,6-二甲基苯(0.02 mmol)溶解在1 mL二甲基乙酰胺、3 mL乙腈、3 mL H2O 和30 μL 3 mol/L的硝酸。在20 mL玻璃小瓶中通过超声处理10 分钟。将反应混合物加热至130 °C保持72小时,然后冷却至室温。然后过滤收集无色晶体,用过量的二甲基乙酰胺和乙醇洗涤,得到含Mg的金属-有机框架材料晶体,室温真空干燥备用。
(2)将偶氮苯(AZO)装载于含Mg的金属-有机框架材料
将含Mg的金属-有机框架材料的晶体在浓度为5.0 mM的偶氮苯(AZO)的甲醇溶液中在50 ℃下浸泡72小时,得到AZO/金属-有机框架复合材料。产物用甲醇彻底洗涤3次以去除AZO/含Mg的金属-有机框架复合材料表面残留的AZO,并在50 ℃下干燥4 h。
AZO/含Mg的金属-有机框架复合材料的粉末黑暗中在紫外灯365 nm照射下变成红色,大概6 min达到平衡,并且动态变化过程中测试荧光光谱,红光波段的峰逐渐增强伴随着蓝光波段的峰逐渐降低;红色粉末在> 405 nm的白光LED照射下变成蓝色,大概6 min达到平衡,并且动态变化过程中测试荧光光谱,红光波段的峰逐渐降低伴随着蓝光波段的峰逐渐增强。所制得的复合材料在自然光或日光灯下,粉末呈现深红色,经白光LED照射下由深红色变为浅黄色,在紫外灯365 nm照射下又恢复为深红色。动态变化过程可以循环10次而发光没有明显变化。将AZO/含Mg的金属-有机框架复合材料的粉末制备成图案,可实现防伪和信息加密。
Claims (7)
1. 一种染料/金属-有机框架复合材料,其特征在于:该材料具有长程有序的晶体结构以及规则的孔道,其化学式为[M(L)x(G)y]•(R)n,其中M为镉离子、锌离子或镁离子;其中L为2,3,5,6-四(4-羧基苯基)吡嗪、四(4-羧基苯基)甲烷、1,2,4,5-四(4-羧基苯基)苯或1,2,4,5-四(4-羧基苯基)-3,6-二甲基苯,x=0.5~1;G表示与金属离子配位或在晶体孔道内的有机溶剂分子,为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N, N-二甲基乙酰胺或者N, N-二乙基甲酰胺,y=0~50,R表示孔道内的有机染料分子,为螺吡喃、偶氮苯或二芳基乙烯,n=1~20;所述材料在黑暗环境下交替使用紫外光和可见光照射能实现蓝光与红光之间的动态切换,在自然光或日光下呈现深红色,经白光LED照射则由深红色变为浅黄色,再在紫外灯照射下又恢复为深红色;所述材料的制备方法包括以下步骤:
将金属盐与含有四羧酸基团的四边形对称配体溶解在水、乙腈和有机溶剂中,得到混合溶液,所述的有机溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N, N-二甲基乙酰胺或者N, N-二乙基甲酰胺中任意一种;将得到的溶液放入玻璃瓶中,在110~130 ℃加热反应1~3天,自然冷却到室温,离心分离,洗涤,过滤并干燥,得到金属-有机框架材料,将所得金属-有机框架材料浸泡在含染料的甲醇溶液中,置于40~60 ℃烘箱中保温1~3天后得到所述的染料/金属-有机框架复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的染料/金属-有机框架复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的金属盐为硝酸镉、硫酸镉、乙酸镉、氯化镉、硝酸镁、硝酸锌或氯化镁。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的染料/金属-有机框架复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,且其中水、乙腈、有机溶剂的体积比为1: 1: 0~1。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的染料/金属-有机框架复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的金属盐中的金属离子与有机配体的摩尔比为1~4: 1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的染料/金属-有机框架复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的金属-有机框架材料和染料的质量比为1~10:1。
6. 根据权利要求1所述的染料/金属-有机框架复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含染料的甲醇溶液的浓度为0.1~5.0 mmol/L。
7.如权利要求1所述的染料/金属-有机框架复合材料在光防伪和信息加密中的应用。
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CN113024570A (zh) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-06-25 | 浙江理工大学 | 一种负载螺吡喃的金属-有机框架光致变色材料及其制备方法 |
CN113429963A (zh) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-24 | 河北工业大学 | 一种连续变色荧光防伪材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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