CN114473286A - Flux-cored wire for CMT (China Mobile technology for) fusion brazing of aluminum-steel composite plate and preparation and welding method thereof - Google Patents
Flux-cored wire for CMT (China Mobile technology for) fusion brazing of aluminum-steel composite plate and preparation and welding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114473286A CN114473286A CN202111668075.3A CN202111668075A CN114473286A CN 114473286 A CN114473286 A CN 114473286A CN 202111668075 A CN202111668075 A CN 202111668075A CN 114473286 A CN114473286 A CN 114473286A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
- B23K35/0266—Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0227—Rods, wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/20—Ferrous alloys and aluminium or alloys thereof
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flux-cored wire for CMT (flux-cored welding) brazing of an aluminum-steel composite plate, which comprises a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 40.0-50.0% of Ni powder, 30.0-40.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Cu powder, 5.0-10.0% of Zn powder and the balance of Al powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%. The welding wire is specially used for welding the transition layer in the butt joint process of the aluminum-steel explosive composite plate, and can effectively solve the problem of weld cracking caused by brittle phases in the welding process of the aluminum-steel composite plate. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the flux-cored wire for the CMT fusion brazing of the aluminum-steel composite plate and a welding method of the aluminum-steel composite plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and particularly relates to a flux-cored wire for CMT (melt brazing) of an aluminum-steel composite plate, a preparation method of the flux-cored wire for CMT of the aluminum-steel composite plate and a welding method of the aluminum-steel composite plate.
Background
The aluminum-steel composite board is prepared by an explosive welding method, and the obtained composite board has the characteristics of excellent corrosion resistance and electric conductivity of aluminum and high strength of steel. The explosive welding technology is mature, and aluminum-steel composite plates with different thicknesses can be prepared, so that the preparation requirements of different structures are met. However, in the actual construction of the structural member, it is impossible to avoid the butt joint of the aluminum-steel composite plates, such as the preparation of the structural members of pipes, containers and the like. According to the Al-Fe binary phase diagram, a plurality of brittle intermetallic compounds are generated by the reaction of the two, and the performance of the joint is deteriorated. Therefore, when the aluminum-steel composite plate is butt-welded, it is necessary to control the generation of these brittle phases.
There are two ways to control the quality of the joint, one is to design a reasonable alloy system from a material perspective so as to avoid the formation of these brittle phases. Another is from a process point of view to minimize the mutual melting between aluminum and steel, thereby reducing the amount of brittle phases. From the two angles, the invention explores a transition layer material capable of realizing high-quality butt welding of the aluminum-steel composite plate and a corresponding welding process, thereby promoting the large-scale engineering application of the composite plate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flux-cored wire for CMT (melt brazing) of an aluminum-steel composite plate, which is specially used for welding a transition layer in the butt joint process of the aluminum-steel explosive composite plate and can effectively solve the problem of weld cracking caused by brittle phases in the welding process of the aluminum-steel composite plate.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the flux-cored wire for CMT flux brazing of the aluminum-steel composite plate.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide a welding method of the aluminum-steel composite plate.
The first technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the flux-cored wire for the CMT fusion brazing of the aluminum-steel composite plate comprises a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux core comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40.0-50.0% of Ni powder, 30.0-40.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Cu powder, 5.0-10.0% of Zn powder and the balance of Al powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the filling rate of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 22-26 wt.%.
The weld skin was a pure aluminum strip (1060Al) with a thickness of 0.4mm and a width of 7 mm.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the flux-cored wire for the CMT flux-brazing of the aluminum-steel composite plate comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: weighing the following medicinal powder in percentage by mass: 40.0-50.0% of Ni powder, 30.0-40.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Cu powder, 5.0-10.0% of Zn powder and the balance of Al powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at the heating temperature of 150-200 ℃ for 1-3h, and removing crystal water in the powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 1-3 h;
and step 3: a pure aluminum strip is used as a welding skin, oil on the surface of the pure nickel strip is removed by alcohol, the powder prepared in the step 2 is wrapped in the pure aluminum strip by flux-cored wire drawing equipment, and the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
in step 3, the pure aluminum strip has a thickness of 0.4mm and a width of 7 mm.
The filling rate of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 22-26 wt.%.
The third technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the welding method of the aluminum-steel composite plate is implemented according to the following steps: firstly, forming an asymmetric X-shaped groove at the welding position of the aluminum-steel composite plate, then carrying out steel layer welding, adopting ER50-6 welding wire to carry out MAG welding, and carrying out welding current of 200-300A; then, the aluminum-steel composite plate is turned over, transition layer welding is carried out, MIG welding is carried out by adopting the flux-cored wire, and the welding current is 100-130A; and finally, aluminum layer welding is carried out, and MIG welding is carried out by adopting an ER1070 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 120-150A.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the specific parameters of the asymmetric X-shaped groove formed in the aluminum-steel composite plate are as follows: the angle of the aluminum side groove is 50 degrees +/-5 degrees, the angle of the steel side groove is 50 degrees +/-5 degrees, a truncated edge with the length of 2-3 mm is machined on the steel side, and the distance from the bottom of the aluminum side groove to the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate is 2-3 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the flux-cored wire is suitable for welding the transition layer of the aluminum-steel composite plate, and can effectively solve the problem of weld cracking in the welding process of the aluminum-steel composite plate.
(2) The flux-cored wire of the invention takes Al-Ni-Si-Cu-Zn as a main alloy system, Al element as a welding skin of the flux-cored wire, and the main components of the powder are Ni, Si, Cu and Zn elements. Considering the requirements that the weld joint of the transition layer needs to control the brittle phase of Al-Fe and improve the bonding quality, Ni is selected as a main element of the powder, and the generation of the brittle phase of Al-Fe is inhibited by generating the toughness phase of Ni-Al. The melting point of the flux-cored wire is effectively reduced by adding Si element of a crystallization eutectic component and forming an Al-Si eutectic structure with Al. The addition of trace Cu and Zn elements improves the strength of the welding seam of the transition layer by forming a dispersed precipitation phase in crystal and crystal boundary.
(3) The flux-cored wire can flexibly adjust the components of the Al-Ni-Si-Cu-Zn welding wire for the transition layer of the aluminum-steel composite plate through the powder proportion; compared with a solid welding wire, the flux-cored welding wire has higher cladding efficiency and better meets the aim of high-efficiency production.
(4) The flux-cored wire adopts 1060 pure aluminum as the welding skin, has excellent plasticity and toughness, and can reduce the wire breakage problem caused by work hardening in the drawing process.
(5) The groove form designed by the welding method is simple in welding operation and suitable for batch assembly line operation.
(6) The CMT fusion brazing process selected by the welding method can ensure the welding efficiency and obtain high-quality joint quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a groove form of an aluminum-steel composite plate when the welding wire of the present invention is used for welding the aluminum-steel composite plate;
FIG. 2 is a sequence of welding aluminum-steel composite panels using the welding wire of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a macroscopic structure morphology of a transition layer welding seam when the flux-cored wire prepared in the embodiment 2 is welded on the transition layer of the aluminum-steel composite plate.
Fig. 4 is a high-power structure morphology diagram of a transition layer welding seam when the flux-cored wire prepared in the embodiment 2 is welded on the transition layer of the aluminum-steel composite plate.
Fig. 5 is an EBSD inverse pole figure of an interface between an aluminum weld and an aluminum base metal when the flux-cored wire prepared in embodiment 2 is used to weld a transition layer of an aluminum-steel composite plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a flux-cored wire for CMT (flux-cored welding) brazing of an aluminum-steel composite plate, which comprises a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux core consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 40.0-50.0% of Ni powder, 30.0-40.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Cu powder, 5.0-10.0% of Zn powder and the balance of Al powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The granularity of each medicinal powder is 100-200 meshes.
The welding skin is a pure aluminum strip (1060Al), the thickness of the pure aluminum strip is 0.4mm, and the width of the pure aluminum strip is 7 mm; the filling rate of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 22-26 wt.%.
The main alloy components in the flux-cored wire have the following functions and functions:
the Al element is a main alloy element of the flux-cored wire and is added into a welding seam mainly in a welding skin mode. The welding wire is mainly made of Al element, so that the melting point of the welding wire of the transition layer can be fundamentally ensured to be lower than that of steel, and the smooth proceeding of the melting brazing is met. Al is a main element and contributes to the bonding performance of aluminum-based welding wire filling and surface covering on the welding seam of the transition layer.
Ni in the powder is a main alloy element, and according to a Ni-Al binary phase diagram, Ni and Al can generate a binary phase with better plasticity and toughness, so that the generation of an Al-Fe phase is reduced. In addition, the weldability of Ni and Fe is good, and both can be infinitely dissolved, so that Ni is taken as the main part, and the good combination between the transition layer welding seam and the bottom steel can be ensured.
A certain amount of Si element is added into the powder, and the addition amount of the Si element is mainly near hypoeutectic and eutectic compositions under the condition of considering the filling rate. The Al and Si can generate an Al-Si eutectic structure, so that the melting point of the welding wire is reduced. In addition, the ductility and toughness of phases generated between Si and Al and between Si and Fe are superior to those of an Al-Fe brittle phase, so that the obtained weld joint has better ductility and toughness and strong cracking resistance.
In order to avoid the problem of low weld strength of the transition layer, Cu and Zn elements are added. The addition of Cu and Zn elements refers to the strengthening mechanism of the existing 7-series high-strength aluminum alloy (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu), and the Cu and Zn elements, Al and Fe generate a dispersion distribution phase, so that the strength and the corrosion resistance of the welding seam of the transition layer are effectively improved.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the flux-cored wire for the CMT flux-brazing of the aluminum-steel composite plate, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: weighing the following medicinal powder in percentage by mass: 40.0-50.0% of Ni powder, 30.0-40.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Cu powder, 5.0-10.0% of Zn powder and the balance of Al powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
In the step 1, the granularity of each medicinal powder is 100-200 meshes.
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at the heating temperature of 150-200 ℃ for 1-3h, and removing crystal water in the powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 1-3 h;
and step 3: a pure aluminum strip is used as a welding skin, oil on the surface of the pure nickel strip is removed by alcohol, the powder prepared in the step 2 is wrapped in the pure aluminum strip by flux-cored wire drawing equipment, and the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
in the step 3, the thickness of the pure aluminum strip is 0.4mm, and the width of the pure aluminum strip is 7 mm; the filling rate of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 22-26 wt.%.
And 4, step 4: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The invention also provides a welding method of the aluminum-steel composite plate, which is implemented according to the following steps (the welding sequence is shown in figure 2): firstly, forming an asymmetric X-shaped groove at the welding position of the aluminum-steel composite plate, then carrying out steel layer welding, adopting ER50-6 welding wire to carry out MAG welding, and carrying out welding current of 200-300A; then, the aluminum-steel composite plate is turned over, transition layer welding is carried out, MIG welding is carried out by adopting the flux-cored wire, and the welding current is 100-130A; and finally, aluminum layer welding is carried out, and MIG welding is carried out by adopting an ER1070 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 120-150A.
The specific parameters of the asymmetric X-shaped groove formed in the aluminum-steel composite plate are as shown in figure 1: the angle of the aluminum side groove is 50 degrees +/-5 degrees, the angle of the steel side groove is 50 degrees +/-5 degrees, a truncated edge with the length of 2-3 mm is machined on the steel side, and the distance from the bottom of the aluminum side groove to the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate is 2-3 mm; after opening, the gap of the composite plate is set to be 1-3 mm, and the welding modes are all CMT welding modes.
Example 1
Step 1: weighing the following medicinal powder in percentage by mass: 43.0 percent of Ni powder, 38.0 percent of Si powder, 9.0 percent of Cu powder, 7.0 percent of Zn powder and the balance of Al powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 190 ℃ for 2.1h, and removing crystal water in the powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 2.9 h;
and step 3: a pure aluminum strip is adopted as a welding skin, oil on the surface of the pure nickel strip is removed by alcohol, the powder prepared in the step 2 is wrapped in the pure aluminum strip by flux-cored wire drawing equipment, and the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
In the step 1, the granularity of each medicinal powder is 100-200 meshes.
In the step 3, the thickness of the pure aluminum strip is 0.4mm, and the width of the pure aluminum strip is 7 mm; the filling rate of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 22 wt.%.
The welding wire and the groove prepared in the embodiment 1 are used for carrying out the CMT fusion brazing process of the aluminum-steel composite plate, the gap of the composite plate is set to be 1mm, and the welding modes are all CMT welding modes. Firstly, forming an asymmetric X-shaped groove at the welding position of the aluminum-steel composite plate, then carrying out steel layer welding, adopting ER50-6 welding wire to carry out MAG welding, and carrying out welding current of 200-300A; then, the composite board is turned over, the transition layer welding is carried out, the MIG welding is carried out by adopting the flux-cored wire of the embodiment, and the welding current is 100-130A; and finally, aluminum layer welding is carried out, and MIG welding is carried out by adopting an ER1070 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 120-150A.
The groove form when the flux-cored wire is adopted to weld the aluminum-steel composite plate is as follows: the aluminum-steel composite plate is provided with an asymmetric X-shaped groove, wherein the angle of the aluminum side groove is 55 degrees, the angle of the steel side groove is 55 degrees, the steel side is provided with a 2.7mm truncated edge, and the distance from the bottom of the aluminum side groove to the aluminum-steel composite plate interface is 2.6 mm.
The test shows that the tensile strength of the welding joint of the aluminum-steel composite plate is 341MPa, and the elongation is 20%.
Example 2
Step 1: weighing the following medicinal powder in percentage by mass: 41.0 percent of Ni powder, 32.0 percent of Si powder, 6.0 percent of Cu powder, 6.0 percent of Zn powder and the balance of Al powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at the temperature of 160 ℃ for 1.3h, and removing crystal water in the powder; placing the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixing machine for fully mixing for 1.3 h;
and step 3: a pure aluminum strip is used as a welding skin, oil on the surface of the pure nickel strip is removed by alcohol, the powder prepared in the step 2 is wrapped in the pure aluminum strip by flux-cored wire drawing equipment, and the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
In the step 1, the granularity of each medicinal powder is 100-200 meshes.
In the step 3, the thickness of the pure aluminum strip is 0.4mm, and the width of the pure aluminum strip is 7 mm; the filling rate of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 26 wt.%.
The welding wire and groove prepared in example 2 were used to perform a CMT fusion brazing process on aluminum-steel composite panels (the welding sequence is shown in fig. 2), the gap between the composite panels was set to 3mm, and the welding modes were all CMT welding modes. Firstly, forming an asymmetric X-shaped groove at the welding position of the aluminum-steel composite plate, then carrying out steel layer welding, adopting ER50-6 welding wire to carry out MAG welding, and carrying out welding current of 200-300A; then, the composite board is turned over, the transition layer welding is carried out, the MIG welding is carried out by adopting the flux-cored wire of the embodiment, and the welding current is 100-130A; and finally, aluminum layer welding is carried out, and MIG welding is carried out by adopting an ER1070 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 120-150A.
The groove form when the flux-cored wire is used for welding the aluminum-steel composite plate is adopted, the aluminum-steel composite plate is provided with an asymmetric X-shaped groove, wherein the angle of the aluminum side groove is 45 degrees, the angle of the steel side groove is 55 degrees, a 2.3mm truncated edge is machined on the steel side, and the distance from the bottom of the aluminum side groove to the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate is 2.3 mm.
The test shows that the tensile strength of the welding joint of the aluminum-steel composite plate is 362MPa, and the elongation is 16%.
Fig. 3 is a macroscopic structure morphology of a transition layer welding seam when the flux-cored wire prepared in the embodiment 2 is welded on the transition layer of the aluminum-steel composite plate. As can be seen from the figure, the weld structure of the transition layer is uniformly distributed and is a typical alpha-Al structure, and no defects such as cracks are observed.
FIG. 4 is a high power topographical view of a transition layer weld. As can be seen from the figure, white precipitated phase is precipitated among alpha-Al dendrites and plays a role in strengthening the welding seam
Fig. 5 is an EBSD image of the interface between the aluminum side weld and the aluminum side parent material, and it can be seen that the aluminum side weld grain and the parent material exhibit a mode of intergrowth growth.
Example 3
Step 1: weighing the following medicinal powder in percentage by mass: 45.0 percent of Ni powder, 35.0 percent of Si powder, 7.0 percent of Cu powder, 7.0 percent of Zn powder and the balance of Al powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: heating the medicinal powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at the heating temperature of 170 ℃ for 2 hours, and removing crystal water in the medicinal powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 2 h;
and step 3: a pure aluminum strip is used as a welding skin, oil on the surface of the pure nickel strip is removed by alcohol, the powder prepared in the step 2 is wrapped in the pure aluminum strip by flux-cored wire drawing equipment, and the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
In the step 1, the granularity of each medicinal powder is 100-200 meshes.
In the step 3, the thickness of the pure aluminum strip is 0.4mm, and the width of the pure aluminum strip is 7 mm; the filling rate of the flux-cored wire is controlled at 25 wt.%.
The flux-cored wire prepared in the example 3 and the groove form are used for carrying out the CMT fusion brazing process of the aluminum-steel composite plate, the gap of the composite plate is set to be 1.3mm, and the welding modes are all CMT welding modes. Firstly, forming an asymmetric X-shaped groove at the welding position of the aluminum-steel composite plate, then carrying out steel layer welding, adopting ER50-6 welding wire to carry out MAG welding, and carrying out welding current of 200-300A; then, the composite board is turned over, the transition layer welding is carried out, the MIG welding is carried out by adopting the flux-cored wire of the embodiment, and the welding current is 100-130A; and finally, aluminum layer welding is carried out, and MIG welding is carried out by adopting an ER1070 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 120-150A.
The groove form when the flux-cored wire is adopted to weld the aluminum-steel composite plate is as follows: the aluminum-steel composite plate is provided with an asymmetric X-shaped groove, wherein the angle of the groove on the aluminum side is 55 degrees, the angle of the groove on the steel side is 45 degrees, the steel side is provided with a truncated edge of 2.5mm, and the distance from the bottom of the groove on the aluminum side to the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate is 2.5 mm.
Through tests, the tensile strength of the welding joint of the aluminum-steel composite plate is 345MPa, and the elongation is 21%.
Example 4
Step 1: weighing the following medicinal powder in percentage by mass: 50.0 percent of Ni powder, 40.0 percent of Si powder, 10.0 percent of Cu powder, 10.0 percent of Zn powder and the balance of Al powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at 200 ℃ for 3 hours, and removing crystal water in the powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 3 h;
and step 3: a pure aluminum strip is used as a welding skin, oil on the surface of the pure nickel strip is removed by alcohol, the powder prepared in the step 2 is wrapped in the pure aluminum strip by flux-cored wire drawing equipment, and the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
In the step 1, the granularity of each medicinal powder is 100-200 meshes.
In the step 3, the thickness of the pure aluminum strip is 0.4mm, and the width of the pure aluminum strip is 7 mm; the filling rate of the flux-cored wire is controlled at 22 wt.%.
The welding wire and the groove prepared in the embodiment 4 are used for carrying out the CMT fusion brazing process of the aluminum-steel composite plate, the gap of the composite plate is set to be 2mm, and the welding modes are all CMT welding modes. Firstly, steel layer welding is carried out, and MAG welding is carried out by adopting an ER50-6 welding wire with the welding current of 200-300A; then, the composite board is turned over, the transition layer welding is carried out, the MIG welding is carried out by adopting the flux-cored wire of the embodiment, and the welding current is 100-130A; and finally, aluminum layer welding is carried out, and MIG welding is carried out by adopting an ER1070 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 120-150A.
The groove form when the flux-cored wire is used for welding the aluminum-steel composite plate (the aluminum-steel composite plate is provided with an asymmetric X-shaped groove, wherein the angle of the aluminum side groove is 55 degrees, the angle of the steel side groove is 55 degrees, a 3mm truncated edge is machined on the steel side, and the distance from the bottom of the aluminum side groove to the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate is 3 mm.
Tests show that the tensile strength of the welding joint of the aluminum-steel composite plate is 333MPa, and the elongation is 23%.
Example 5
Step 1: weighing the following medicinal powder in percentage by mass: 40.0 percent of Ni powder, 30.0 percent of Si powder, 5.0 percent of Cu powder, 5.0 percent of Zn powder and the balance of Al powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at the heating temperature of 150 ℃ for 1h, and removing crystal water in the powder; putting the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixer for fully mixing for 1 h;
and step 3: a pure aluminum strip is adopted as a welding skin, oil on the surface of the pure nickel strip is removed by alcohol, the powder prepared in the step 2 is wrapped in the pure aluminum strip by flux-cored wire drawing equipment, and the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
In the step 1, the granularity of each medicinal powder is 100-200 meshes.
In the step 3, the thickness of the pure aluminum strip is 0.4mm, and the width of the pure aluminum strip is 7 mm; the filling rate of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 22 wt.%.
The welding wire and the groove prepared in the example 5 are used for carrying out the CMT fusion brazing process of the aluminum-steel composite plate, the gap of the composite plate is set to be 2.5mm, and the welding modes are all CMT welding modes. Firstly, forming an asymmetric X-shaped groove at the welding position of the aluminum-steel composite plate, then carrying out steel layer welding, adopting ER50-6 welding wire to carry out MAG welding, and carrying out welding current of 200-300A; then, the composite board is turned over, the transition layer welding is carried out, the MIG welding is carried out by adopting the flux-cored wire of the embodiment, and the welding current is 100-130A; and finally, aluminum layer welding is carried out, and MIG welding is carried out by adopting an ER1070 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 120-150A.
The groove form when the flux-cored wire is adopted to weld the aluminum-steel composite plate is as follows: the aluminum-steel composite plate is provided with an asymmetric X-shaped groove, wherein the angle of the groove on the aluminum side is 45 degrees, the angle of the groove on the steel side is 45 degrees, the steel side is provided with a 2mm truncated edge, and the distance from the bottom of the groove on the aluminum side to the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate is 2 mm.
The test shows that the tensile strength of the welding joint of the aluminum-steel composite plate is 312MPa, and the elongation is 26%.
Claims (8)
1. The flux-cored wire for the CMT fusion brazing of the aluminum-steel composite plate is characterized by comprising a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux core comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40.0-50.0% of Ni powder, 30.0-40.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Cu powder, 5.0-10.0% of Zn powder and the balance of Al powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
2. The flux-cored wire for CMT brazing of aluminum-steel composite panels according to claim 1, wherein the filling rate of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 22-26 wt.%.
3. The flux-cored wire for aluminum-steel composite plate CMT flux brazing according to claim 1, wherein the flux-cored wire is a pure aluminum strip having a thickness of 0.4mm and a width of 7 mm.
4. The preparation method of the flux-cored wire for CMT (melt-brazing) of the aluminum-steel composite plate is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
step 1: weighing the following medicinal powder in percentage by mass: 40.0-50.0% of Ni powder, 30.0-40.0% of Si powder, 5.0-10.0% of Cu powder, 5.0-10.0% of Zn powder and the balance of Al powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Step 2: heating the powder weighed in the step 1 in a vacuum heating furnace at the heating temperature of 150-200 ℃ for 1-3h, and removing crystal water in the powder; placing the dried medicinal powder into a powder mixing machine for fully mixing for 1-3 h;
and step 3: a pure aluminum strip is used as a welding skin, oil on the surface of the pure nickel strip is removed by alcohol, the powder prepared in the step 2 is wrapped in the pure aluminum strip by flux-cored wire drawing equipment, and the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 4, step 4: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 5: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
5. The method for preparing the flux-cored wire for the CMT flux brazing of the aluminum-steel composite plate according to claim 4, wherein in the step 3, the thickness of the pure aluminum strip is 0.4mm, and the width of the pure aluminum strip is 7 mm.
6. The method for preparing the flux-cored wire for the CMT flux brazing of the aluminum-steel composite plate according to claim 4, wherein the filling rate of the flux-cored wire is controlled to be 22-26 wt.%.
7. The welding method of the aluminum-steel composite plate is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, forming an asymmetric X-shaped groove at the welding position of the aluminum-steel composite plate, then carrying out steel layer welding, adopting ER50-6 welding wire to carry out MAG welding, and carrying out welding current of 200-300A; then, turning over the aluminum-steel composite plate, welding a transition layer, and carrying out MIG welding by adopting the flux-cored wire as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the welding current is 100-130A; and finally, aluminum layer welding is carried out, and MIG welding is carried out by adopting an ER1070 welding wire, wherein the welding current is 120-150A.
8. The welding method of the aluminum-steel composite plate according to claim 7, wherein the specific parameters of the asymmetric X-shaped groove formed at the aluminum-steel composite plate are as follows: the angle of the aluminum side groove is 50 degrees +/-5 degrees, the angle of the steel side groove is 50 degrees +/-5 degrees, a truncated edge with the length of 2-3 mm is machined on the steel side, and the distance from the bottom of the aluminum side groove to the interface of the aluminum-steel composite plate is 2-3 mm.
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