CN114472506A - Method for treating heavy metal in large-area soil in full-ecological mode - Google Patents
Method for treating heavy metal in large-area soil in full-ecological mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN114472506A CN114472506A CN202210114947.XA CN202210114947A CN114472506A CN 114472506 A CN114472506 A CN 114472506A CN 202210114947 A CN202210114947 A CN 202210114947A CN 114472506 A CN114472506 A CN 114472506A
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/38—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by centrifugal separation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5281—Installations for water purification using chemical agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention provides a method for treating heavy metal in large-area soil in a full-ecological way, which comprises the following steps: (1) a rice field saving chemical plant fish culture system is adopted to culture rice field fish in a culture box; the bottom of the culture box is arranged to form a conical structure with an angle of 15-30 degrees with the horizontal plane, and a flocculation sediment collecting opening is formed in the center of the conical bottom; (2) a recovery treatment tank is arranged below the flocculation sediment collection port, a semi-conical floating blocking device is inwards arranged at an opening at the top of the recovery treatment tank, and a fish blocking net is arranged between the opening of the recovery treatment tank and the flocculation sediment collection port; (3) an alkali liquor injection device is arranged at the opening of the recovery treatment tank, the flocculated sediment collected in the recovery treatment tank undergoes a reduction reaction under the condition of alkali liquor, and heavy metal ions generate hydroxide sediment for recovery treatment, so that large-area comprehensive treatment of heavy metal pollution in the paddy soil is realized. The method realizes the treatment of heavy metals in large-area soil and has high heavy metal removal rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of all-ecological agricultural cultivation and environmental management, and particularly relates to a method for managing heavy metal in large-area soil in an all-ecological mode.
Background
According to the related reports of the heavy metal treatment of the soil and the frequent reports of the cadmium rice event by the media, the current situation of the grain quality safety problem is serious. Over the years, countries spend a great deal of strength on treating heavy metals in soil, and although many means are utilized, the method has certain effect, but the method can realize the fundamental removal or reduction of heavy metals in large-area soil under the conditions of low cost, no damage to soil structure and no influence on grain planting.
In recent years, the inventor of the limited four-river-stream aquaculture company has provided a rice field saving chemical plant fish culture system, see utility model patent CN208446396U, this rice field saving chemical plant fish culture system can make full use of the excrement of fish to the planting of rice, provide higher nutrient, the output that improves the rice has been realized, can effectively provide the ecological environment that more is fit for the fish growth with the help of the rice simultaneously, guarantee the normal growth of fry, the promotion of rice field fish output has been realized.
Subsequently, the inventor further provides an ecological fish culture system and method for reducing the heavy metal content of rice and paddy field fish, see patent application CN 111149734A, the patent document describes that a method capable of greatly reducing the cadmium content of rice is unexpectedly found by a fish culture system of a paddy field conservation chemical plant, and the effect of reducing the heavy metal content of rice and paddy field fish is realized. However, the method can only reduce the heavy metal content of the paddy, is ineffective for removing and treating the heavy metal in the soil, and cannot treat the heavy metal in the large-area soil of the paddy field. In the subsequent further research, the heavy metals in large-area soil and water still exist and are not changed greatly, and the heavy metal content of the planted dry crop wheat and partial vegetables still exceeds the standard.
Therefore, how to find a new method to realize a full-ecological treatment method capable of reducing the heavy metal content in the soil in a large area is a new problem faced by a fish culture system of a rice field saving chemical plant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems, and provides a method for treating the heavy metal in large-area soil in a full ecological mode. The invention aims to better realize the treatment of heavy metal in large-area soil by further improving the device and the method on the basis of a fish culture system of a rice field conservation chemical plant, so that the device can realize the full ecological treatment of the large-area heavy metal soil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for treating heavy metal in large-area soil in a full ecological mode comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a rice field planting field with excessive soil heavy metal content, adopting a rice field saving chemical plant fish culture system to culture rice field fishes in a culture box, and realizing ecological water circulation between fish culture water in the culture box and the rice field through a water pump; the bottom of the culture box is arranged to form a conical structure with an angle of 15-30 degrees with the horizontal plane, and a flocculation sediment collecting opening is formed in the center of the conical bottom;
(2) a recovery treatment tank is arranged below the flocculation sediment collection port, a semicircular conical floating blocking device is inwards arranged at the opening at the top of the recovery treatment tank, and a fish blocking net is arranged between the opening of the recovery treatment tank and the flocculation sediment collection port of the culture box;
(3) an alkali liquor injection device is arranged at the opening of the recovery treatment tank, and the flocculated sediment collected in the recovery treatment tank undergoes a reduction reaction under the condition of alkali liquor, so that the recovery treatment of heavy metals in the rice field soil is realized.
In order to better facilitate an understanding of the inventive step of the present invention, the inventors have made the following explanation of the above-described method of the present invention:
the method comprises the steps of pumping water in the rice field into a fishpond for fish culture, circulating tail water after fish culture into the rice field from the fishpond, purifying water quality after nutrient substances such as organic matters, ammonia nitrogen and the like in the tail water are absorbed and utilized by seedlings and microorganisms, and recycling weak acidic water for fish culture, wherein the weak acidic water is a basic condition required by the method for recycling and removing heavy metals in soil in a large area.
And (II) in the whole fish culture process, the continuous circulation of water in the rice field and the fish pond needs to be ensured, so that the fishes grow normally and eat the feed normally, and finally a large amount of continuous fish excrement is obtained. The excrement is the most important natural flocculant in the heavy metal ion precipitation process and is one of the cores of the technology; heavy metal ions in the faintly acid water body in the paddy field are continuously flocculated and precipitated in the culture box through the flocculating agent, and under the action of physics such as centrifugation, the precipitates are continuously intercepted at the conical bottom of the culture box, and then the flocculating precipitate collecting opening arranged at the center of the conical bottom enters the recovery treatment tank for continuous reduction treatment, and the heavy metal is recovered by intermittent discharge.
Through the combination of the two innovative technologies, the content of heavy metals in the soil is gradually reduced, so that the heavy metals in the soil are recovered and treated in a large area, and the aims of fish culture profit and grain yield increase and value increase are fulfilled. The technology is novel, low in cost and suitable for treating heavy metal pollution of large-area soil.
Practice proves that the method can well pump large-range rice field water containing heavy metal ions into a fish pond for water-flowing fish culture, excrement and fish body secretion continuously excreted by fish in culture, continuously flocculate and precipitate the heavy metal ions in the water body, collect the precipitate in a recovery treatment tank by adopting a centrifugal method or a slope descending method and the like, then inject alkaline liquid into the recovery treatment tank, enable heavy metals such as cadmium ions and the like in the flocculated precipitate to generate reduction reaction to generate heavy metal small particles such as cadmium hydroxide and the like which are insoluble in water, finally precipitate the small particles at the bottom of the recovery treatment tank, recover the heavy metals in the soil through a recovery pipeline, and finally realize large-range comprehensive treatment of the heavy metals in the soil.
On the basis of the prior fish culture system in the rice field conservation chemical plant, the bottom of the culture box is set to be a conical structure, meanwhile, a recovery treatment tank is additionally arranged below the conical bottom, the main function is to collect and treat sediments in a water body, and the volume of the recovery treatment tank can be set to be 0.3 cubic meter according to the requirement. The innovation points and the main functions of the recovery treatment tank are as follows:
1. and (4) collecting precipitates. The recovery treatment tank can collect the flocculation sediment in the water for centralized treatment in the flowing state of the water body.
2. The cost is reduced. After the paddy field water body containing heavy metal ions enters the fish pond, the natural ecological flocculating agent adopted by the technology is used for continuously flocculating and precipitating, then the flocculated precipitate is automatically collected into the recovery treatment tank, and alkali liquor is added into the recovery treatment tank for concentrated reduction reaction. Because the volume of the recovery treatment tank is small, only about 5 liters of alkali solution needs to be injected into the recovery treatment tank in each reaction reduction process, and the heavy metal ions in the flocculate can be reduced into heavy metals such as cadmium hydroxide which is insoluble in water for recovery. In the soil heavy metal treatment of each rice planting period, the total amount of alkaline raw materials such as sodium hydroxide and the like used in 50 mu of rice field is not more than 200 kg, the cost per mu is about 12 yuan, and the cost is extremely low.
3. Is safe and reliable. In the whole treatment process, the reaction and reduction of the heavy metal ions in all the flocculated sediments are completed in the recovery treatment tank. The alkaline solution used each time is injected into the middle-lower part of the recovery treatment tank by about 70 cm, the injection dosage of the alkaline solution is controlled to be about 5 liters each time, and because the dosage of the alkaline solution is less, when the alkaline solution erodes in the recovery treatment tank and reaches the upper half part of flocculate close to the water surface, the pH value of the alkaline solution is gradually neutralized and diluted to about 7.0 by the weak acid flocculate from about 9.0, and the pH value at the moment can not harm fishes and is the most suitable pH value in fresh water fish culture.
4. And the weak acidity of the water body is stabilized.
According to the physical property that heavy metals are easy to dissolve in acid, in the process of recovering the heavy metals, the pH value of a water body in a rice field must be stabilized to be weak acid, namely 5.0-6.5, so that the heavy metals in soil are continuously desorbed in a flowing water body in the weak acid environment. After the water is pumped into the fish pond, heavy metal ions desorbed in the flowing water are continuously flocculated and precipitated by a flocculating agent continuously generated by fishes and are automatically collected by a recovery treatment tank, then alkali is added into the recovery treatment tank to react and reduce the heavy metal ions in the flocculated precipitate, and then the reduced heavy metals such as cadmium hydroxide and the like are discharged out of the pond for solid-liquid separation and recovery, thereby finally achieving the purpose of gradually reducing the heavy metals in the soil.
The method realizes the comprehensive treatment of full ecology, has low cost and no pollution, and can realize the whole-process automatic control and harmless treatment. The heavy metal precipitation needs a large amount of flocculate, and the flocculate adopted by the method is the excrement of fishes in the fish culture process, and the natural flocculate has large amount, continuous stability and zero cost; on the other hand, the invention adopts a method of centrifugation or slope descending and the like, the flocculated sediment in the flowing water is collected at the conical bottom of the culture box and then enters the recovery treatment tank for reduction treatment, the alkali solution can be automatically injected into the recovery treatment tank as required, the flocculate with heavy metal ions in the recovery treatment tank reacts with the alkali to generate water-insoluble heavy metal particles such as cadmium hydroxide and the like, and then the flocculated sediment is precipitated at the bottommost part of the recovery treatment tank for recovery treatment, and the whole process is harmless, and can be scaled, industrialized and fully ecological. The method can precipitate and recover heavy metals in large-area soil with little alkali solution.
The invention selects the objects of treatment that the content of heavy metal, especially cadmium, exceeds the national standard, because the heavy metal, especially cadmium, in the soil becomes stronger in activity with the reduction of the pH of the soil and water quality, and the dissolution rate of cadmium from the soil is increased, so the content of cadmium in the paddy field water is increased, and the content of cadmium in the soil is reduced successively, so the principle of the method can completely realize the gradual removal of heavy metal in the soil.
The method can realize large-area large-scale treatment, has good effect, can flexibly grasp the implementation area according to the specific conditions of the implementation area, facilitates management, and can intensively recover heavy metals, so that each implementation point is recommended to be the best 30-50 mu.
The cultivation box is built above the implementation point, so that tail water for fish cultivation can automatically flow throughout the whole paddy field from top to bottom, and heavy metals in soil of all parts of the paddy field are released into the flowing water. 4-8 square meters of construction land for each mu of rice field culture box can be used, the culture box can be moved or fixed, a circular, elliptical or polygonal fishpond is optimal, flocculate can be effectively collected by virtue of the centrifugal effect, and a conical gradient of 15-30 degrees is formed between the center of the bottom of the culture box and the edge of the bottom in the construction process, so that a large amount of flocculated sediment can be collected; when the rectangular or square cultivation box is constructed, the bottom of the cultivation box still needs to be provided with the slope, and the height of the cultivation box is 1-2 meters.
The fish farming system can be provided with a water supply system during fish farming, and the water supply pipeline can be rigid pipes or hoses such as PVC, PE and the like. The pumping irrigation adopts single or multiple water pumps, preferably single water pump, the quantity of the water pumps needs to be determined according to the implementation area and the fish culture quantity, and the water taking position of the water pumps needs to be arranged at the lowest position of the tail end in the range of each implementation point.
The newly added recovery processing tank is the most important device in the technology, and the structure and the installation position of the recovery processing tank are particularly important, and the following concrete description is provided:
1. material selection of the recovery treatment tank: corrosion resistant materials are selected, such as: PVC, PE, ceramic, etc.
2. The shape of the recovery treatment tank is as follows: adopt columniform, conical shape and polygon etc. all, use columniform + bottom toper as the best, the diameter of recovery treatment jar is nimble to be mastered according to the size of breeding the case, if 30 ~ 50 mu are an implementation point, require diameter 60 centimetres, height 1 ~ 1.5 meters.
3. Configuration on the recovery treatment tank: the upper opening of the recovery treatment tank is provided with a floating blocking device for preventing flocculated sediments from overflowing out of the tank body in the fermentation and alkali liquor injection processes, and the floating blocking device is made of corrosion-resistant cloth or other materials and is cylindrical in shape; the specification is that the size of the upper opening of the floating blocking device is matched with that of the upper opening of the recovery processing tank, the diameter of the lower opening is 20 cm, the length of the lower opening is 40 cm, and 1 fermentation gas release hole of 2 cm is respectively arranged on the opposite side of the joint of the floating blocking device and the recovery processing tank; the bottom of the recovery treatment tank is provided with a hole of about 10 cm, the hole is mainly used for installing a pipeline required by the treatment and recovery of the flocculent precipitate, the pipeline leads to the outside of the fish pond and is connected with a solid-liquid separation device arranged outside the fish pond, and a valve is required to be arranged on the pipeline; the solid-liquid separation device is preferably round or conical, the diameter of the solid-liquid separation device is 60 cm, the height of the solid-liquid separation device is synchronous with that of the culture pond, a small hole with the diameter of 4 cm or 6 cm is respectively arranged at the position of the solid-liquid separation device 40 cm away from the bottom and the bottom, and valves are respectively arranged on the small holes.
4. Installation of a recovery treatment tank: if the cultivation box is a circular, oval or polygonal cultivation box, the recovery treatment tank needs to be arranged at the center of the cultivation box, and the upper opening of the recovery treatment tank is slightly lower than or parallel to the bottom of the cultivation box; if the shape is square or rectangular, the recovery treatment tank needs to be arranged at the lowest part of the bottom of the cultivation box. In any shape of the culture box, a fish blocking net for preventing fish from entering the culture box is required to be arranged at the upper opening of the recovery and treatment tank.
5. An oxygenation aeration device: the bottom of the periphery in the culture box is provided with a row of aeration stones or nano aeration pipes.
6. Alkali liquor injection device: an alkali solution injection small pipe with the diameter of about 6 mm is arranged at a position 20 cm higher than the bottom of the recovery treatment tank, and a set of full-automatic alkali solution injection device is arranged at a position where the small pipe leaves the water surface.
(II) management system
Because the technology of the invention has a wide application range, an internet of things management system is arranged as much as possible at each application point in the management of water sources, dissolved oxygen, theft, power failure and the like, so that the normal growth of fishes is ensured to realize the treatment of heavy metals.
(III) selecting fishes, stocking quantity, selecting feed and medicines and managing
In addition to cold water and seawater, other fishes can be cultivated, but the fishes with less diseases and hypoxia tolerance are preferred, such as: clarias Egypti, loach, and Pachyrhizus. The feed should be high-quality feed of a well-known large factory as much as possible. The fish drug should be selected from the drugs permitted by national records, and forbidden drugs such as malachite green and mercurous nitrate are strictly forbidden.
The water level of the rice field with a certain depth is always kept when needed during the culture period, preferably about 15 cm; the control of the quantity of the cultured fishes is very important, if the weight of the fishes in the fish pond is too much, the fertilizer damage to crops can be caused, and if the weight of the fishes in the fish pond is too little, the excreted excrement is not enough to flocculate heavy metal ions in a water body. Therefore, the quantity of the cultured fishes is the best that the fish excrement can enable the water body in the fish pond to achieve certain turbidity, namely the transparency of the water body is about 40 cm, in addition, the stocking weight is flexibly controlled according to the size of the fishes, the small fish weight and the small fish weight are saved, the large fish weight is saved, the rotation of catching and rotation of putting are also needed during the culture period, and the weight of the fishes in the fish pond is always maintained to be 2.5-5 kilograms per square meter. The fish can be fed to the feed to eat 7 percent of the feed, and the disease prevention and treatment can be implemented according to the fish variety and the disease type in combination with the instructions of pharmaceutical manufacturers.
Furthermore, the area of the cultivation box arranged in each mu of rice field planting land is 4-8 square meters, and the height of the cultivation box is 1-2 meters.
Further, the recycling treatment tank is made of corrosion-resistant materials, and the corrosion-resistant materials comprise PVC, PE or ceramics.
Further, the recovery processing tank is provided in a cylindrical shape, a conical shape or a polygonal shape, preferably a conical shape.
Further, an aeration device is arranged at the bottom of the culture box and comprises oxygen-increasing aeration stones or nano aeration pipes.
Further, the diameter of the recovery treatment tank is 50-80 cm, and the height of the recovery treatment tank is 1-1.5 m.
Furthermore, a heavy metal recovery pipeline communicated with the outside is arranged at the bottom of the recovery treatment tank, and a valve is arranged on the management.
Further, the size of the semi-conical floating blocking device is more than two thirds of the size of the top opening of the recovery processing tank.
Further, the paddy field fishes cultured in the culture boxes comprise freshwater and/or seawater fishes, including clarias fuscus, loaches and barnyard.
Further, the total amount of the paddy field fishes in the cultivation box is kept to be 2.5-10 kg/square meter all the time, and the using amount of the feed for the paddy field fishes is controlled to be 3-12 kg/square meter.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method can really realize the treatment of heavy metals in the soil in a large area and all around way, and obviously reduce the content of heavy metals, particularly cadmium, in the soil;
(2) the method has low cost, is convenient to control, can be applied in large scale and industrialization, and has no public hazard, environmental protection and full ecology in the whole process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the improved fish farming system of the rice field saving chemical plant according to the present invention;
wherein, 1 is a culture box, 2 is a conical bottom, 3 is an aeration device, 4 is a recovery treatment tank, 5 is a floating baffle, 6 is an alkali liquor injection device, and 7 is a flocculation sediment collection port.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be noted that the following embodiments are only for explaining and illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but rather, may be modified within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Aiming at realizing the treatment of heavy metals in soil in a large area in an all-round way, the method is combined with a fish culture system of a rice field conservation chemical plant (refer to patent CN208446396U) to carry out the treatment of heavy metals in soil in a large area in a full ecological way according to the following method, and comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a rice field planting land (preferably acid or weakly acidic soil) with excessive soil heavy metal content, adopting a rice field saving chemical plant fish culture system, culturing rice field fishes in a culture box, wherein the rice field fishes comprise cold water type and/or seawater type fishes, specifically Clarias Egypti, loaches, Buthus fasciatus and the like, constantly keeping the total amount of the rice field fishes in the culture box at 2.5-10 kg/square meter, and using the amount of the rice field fishes as 3-12 kg/square meter; ecological water circulation is realized between fish culture water in the culture box and the paddy field through a water pump, and the pH value of water in the culture box is adjusted to be 5.0-6.5; the bottom of the culture box is arranged to form a conical structure with an angle of 15-30 degrees with the horizontal plane, and a flocculation sediment collecting opening is formed in the center of the conical bottom; arranging an aeration device in the culture box, wherein the aeration device comprises an oxygen aeration stone or a nano aeration pipe, the area of the culture box is 4-8 square meters according to the rice field planting land per mu, and the height of the culture box is 1-2 meters;
(2) set up the recovery processing jar in the below of flocculation and precipitation collection mouth, the recovery processing jar adopts corrosion resistant material, including PVC, PE or pottery, the recovery processing jar sets to cylindrical, conical or polygon, preferably conical, and the diameter of recovery processing jar is 50 ~ 80 centimetres, highly is 1 ~ 1.5 meters, in recovery processing tank bottoms portion sets up the heavy metal recovery pipeline who accesss to the outside, sets up the valve in the management. A semicircular conical floating blocking device is inwards arranged at the top opening of the recovery treatment tank, the size of the semicircular conical floating blocking device is more than two thirds of the size of the top opening of the recovery treatment tank, and a fish blocking net is arranged between the opening of the recovery treatment tank and a flocculent precipitate collecting port of the culture box;
(3) set up alkali lye injection device at recovery processing jar opening part, the flocculation and precipitation thing of collecting in the recovery processing jar takes place reduction reaction under the alkali lye condition for heavy metal ion in the paddy field aquatic generates the hydroxide and deposits, carries out recovery processing again, realizes the all-round improvement of large tracts of land of heavy metal pollution in the paddy field soil.
By the method, various heavy metal ions such as Cu (II), Ni (II), Cd (II), Mn (II), Pb (II), Cr (III) and the like in the paddy soil can be efficiently removed, and the removal rate of various heavy metals in the paddy soil can reach 96.3-99.50%.
Comparative example 1
The system (refer to patent CN208446396U) and the method for treating the heavy metal in the soil of the paddy field by adopting the system and the method for culturing the fish in the paddy field conservation chemical plant in the embodiment 1 are adopted, only the bottom of the culture box is not arranged to form a conical included angle of 15-30 degrees with the horizontal plane, but the horizontal plane is kept, so that a large amount of flocculent precipitate cannot be collected in the culture box, alkali liquor is added into a recovery treatment tank to form effective hydroxide precipitate, the treatment effect on the heavy metal is poor, and the removal rate of the heavy metal can only reach 60.2% -65.4%.
Comparative example 2
The system (refer to patent CN208446396U) and the method for treating the heavy metal in the paddy field soil by adopting the paddy field saving chemical plant fish culture system (refer to patent CN208446396U) of the embodiment 1 only do not arrange a recovery treatment tank, but directly discharge fish dung into the paddy field at the conical bottom for water circulation, and as a result, the treatment effect on the heavy metal in the soil is poor, and the content of the heavy metal in the soil is not greatly changed.
Comparative example 3
The rice field saving chemical plant fish farming system (refer to patent CN208446396U) and the method of the embodiment 1 are adopted to treat the heavy metal in the rice field soil, only the conical included angle between the bottom of the farming box and the horizontal plane is set to be 10 degrees, finally, the treatment effect on the heavy metal is poor, and the removal rate of the heavy metal can only reach 71.4-79.7 percent.
Comparative example 4
The rice field saving chemical plant fish farming system (refer to patent CN208446396U) and the method of the embodiment 1 are adopted to treat the heavy metal in the rice field soil, only the conical included angle between the bottom of the farming box and the horizontal plane is set to be 45 degrees, finally, the treatment effect on the heavy metal is poor, and the removal rate of the heavy metal can only reach 68.1-75.9 percent.
Comparative example 5
The rice field conservation chemical plant fish farming system (refer to patent CN208446396U) and the method of the embodiment 1 are adopted to treat the heavy metal in the soil of the rice field, only the pH value of the water body in the farming tank is set to be neutral, finally, the treatment effect on the heavy metal is poor, and the removal rate of the heavy metal can only reach 52.5-61.1%.
Claims (10)
1. A method for treating heavy metal in large-area soil in a full ecological mode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a rice field planting field with excessive soil heavy metal content, adopting a rice field conservation chemical plant fish culture system, culturing rice field fish in a culture box, realizing ecological water circulation between fish culture water in the culture box and the rice field through a water pump, and adjusting the pH value of water in the culture box to be 5.0-6.5; the bottom of the culture box is arranged to form a conical structure with an angle of 15-30 degrees with the horizontal plane, and a flocculation sediment collecting opening is formed in the center of the conical bottom;
(2) a recovery treatment tank is arranged below the flocculation sediment collection port, a semicircular conical floating blocking device is inwards arranged at the opening at the top of the recovery treatment tank, and a fish blocking net is arranged between the opening of the recovery treatment tank and the flocculation sediment collection port of the culture box;
(3) an alkali liquor injection device is arranged at the opening of the recovery treatment tank, the flocculated sediment collected in the recovery treatment tank undergoes a reduction reaction under the condition of alkali liquor, and heavy metal ions generate hydroxide sediment for recovery treatment, so that large-area comprehensive treatment of heavy metal pollution in the paddy soil is realized.
2. The method for ecologically managing the heavy metal in the large-area soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the area of the cultivation box is 4-8 square meters per mu of paddy field planting field, and the height of the cultivation box is 1-2 meters.
3. The method for ecologically treating the heavy metals in the large-area soil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the recovery treatment tank is made of a corrosion-resistant material, and the corrosion-resistant material comprises PVC, PE or ceramic.
4. The method for ecologically remedying the heavy metals in the large-area soil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the recovery treatment tank is provided in a cylindrical shape, a conical shape or a polygonal shape, preferably a conical shape.
5. The ecological treatment method for heavy metal in large-area soil according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an aeration device is arranged in the cultivation box, and the aeration device comprises an oxygen aeration stone or a nano aeration pipe.
6. The method for ecologically treating heavy metals in large-area soil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the diameter of the recovery treatment tank is 50-80 cm, and the height of the recovery treatment tank is 1-1.5 m.
7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a heavy metal recovery pipeline leading to the outside is arranged at the bottom of the recovery treatment tank, and a valve is arranged on the pipeline.
8. The method for ecologically treating heavy metals in large-area soil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the size of the semi-conical floating device is more than two thirds of the size of the top opening of the recovery treatment tank.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the fish in the paddy field cultured in the culture tank are freshwater and/or seawater fishes including Clarias epothilonus, Misgurni anguillicaudati and Pacific fish.
10. The method for ecologically treating the heavy metal in the large-area soil as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the total amount of the paddy fish in the cultivation box is kept at 2.5-10 kg/m and the amount of the feed for the paddy fish is controlled at 3-12 kg/m.
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