CN114468170A - 兔饲料添加剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
兔饲料添加剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114468170A CN114468170A CN202011268882.1A CN202011268882A CN114468170A CN 114468170 A CN114468170 A CN 114468170A CN 202011268882 A CN202011268882 A CN 202011268882A CN 114468170 A CN114468170 A CN 114468170A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于养殖技术领域，公开了一种兔饲料添加剂及其制备方法和应用，是取由车前子、川贝母、楮实子、三七、鸡蛋花、地锦草、肉桂、大枣和八仙草组成的中药组合物，与由酵母提取物、羽毛粉、异麦芽糖、复合氨基酸和蛋白酶组成的主料及动物双歧杆菌菌粉、酪酸菌菌粉混匀制得，所得兔饲料添加剂用于饲喂兔，以提高其生长性能，尤其适合添加至饲料中饲喂长毛兔。本发明通过合理配比，在均衡营养成分的同时，添加了九味中药，各中药间相互配伍，提高兔的免疫力和抗病能力，解决了不使用抗菌素或激素类药物时，长毛兔产毛量低的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于养殖技术领域，涉及一种饲料添加剂及其制备方法，具体地说是一种兔饲料添加剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着人们生活水平提高，人们对服装、饰品需求变的多样化，近年来皮毛制品深受广大消费者喜爱。而长毛兔的兔毛具有保暖、柔软、轻盈、吸湿性好、皮色光亮等优点，是天然的纺织制品的原料。我国作为世界上兔毛生产出口国，兔毛出口量占国际贸易的80％以上。但现在关于长毛兔的饲养方式较为落后，长毛兔饲料中营养水平低且不均衡，导致其产毛量较低。为提高长毛兔产毛量，养殖户多采用饲喂抗菌素或激素类药物等措施，而长期使用这些措施会给长毛兔的生长发育带来很大的危害，造成产毛周期变短、生长发育过快，严重时还会影响长毛兔的繁殖能力和抗病能力。
发明内容
本发明的目的，是要提供一种兔饲料添加剂，以解决不使用抗菌素或激素类药物时，长毛兔产毛量低的问题；
本发明的另一个目的，是要提供上述兔饲料添加剂的一种制备方法；
本发明的还有一个目的，是要提供上述兔饲料添加剂的一种应用。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种兔饲料添加剂，所述兔饲料添加剂中含有动物双歧杆菌和酪酸菌两种益生菌；
制成所述兔饲料添加剂的有效成分的原料，以重量份数计包括：
由酵母提取物3～12份、羽毛粉2～15份、异麦芽糖2～9份、复合氨基酸3～10份和蛋白酶2～6份组成的主料；
由车前子0.2～0.6份、川贝母0.1～0.3份、楮实子0.05～0.3份、三七0.2～0.7份、鸡蛋花0.2～0.5份、地锦草0.2～0.6份、肉桂0.4～0.8份、大枣0.5～1份和八仙草0.1～0.3份，共九种中药组成的中药组合物；
动物双歧杆菌购自山东中科嘉亿生物工程有限公司；
酪酸菌购自欧科拜客生物科技有限公司；
蛋白酶购自山东苏柯汉生物工程股份有限公司其酶活为10000U/g；
车前子，味甘、性寒，归肝、肾、肺、小肠经，具有清热利尿通淋、渗湿止泻、明目、祛痰的功效，用于热淋涩痛、水肿胀满、暑湿泄泻、目赤肿痛、痰热咳嗽；
川贝母，味甘、苦，性微寒，归肺、心经，具有清热润肺、化痰止咳的功效，用于肺热燥咳、干咳少痰、阴虚劳嗽、咯痰带血；
楮实子，性寒、味甘，归肝经、肾经，具有补肾清肝、明目、利尿的功效，属补虚药下属分类的补气药；
三七，味甘、微苦，性温，归肝、胃经，主治咯血、吐血、衄血、便血、崩漏、外伤出血、胸腹刺痛、跌扑肿痛；
鸡蛋花味甘、微苦，性凉，归肺、大肠经，具有清热解暑、利湿、止咳、预防中暑的功效，用于腹泻、细菌性痢疾、消化不良、小儿疳积、传染性肝炎、支气管炎；
地锦草味辛、性平，归肝、大肠经，具有清热解毒、凉血止血的功效，用于痢疾、泄泻、咳血、尿血、便血、崩漏、疮疖痈肿；
肉桂味辛、甘，性大热，归肾、脾、心、肝经，具有补火助阳、引火归元、散寒止痛、温通经脉的功效，用于阳痿宫冷、腰膝冷痛、肾虚作喘、虚阳上浮、眩晕目赤、心腹冷痛、虚寒吐泻、寒疝腹痛、痛经经闭；
大枣味甘、性温，归脾、胃经，具有补中益气、养血安神的功效，用于脾虚食少，乏力便溏，妇人脏躁；
八仙草味辛、微苦，性微寒，归少阴、太阴经，具有清热解毒、利尿通淋、消肿止痛的功效，用于痈疽肿毒、乳腺炎、阑尾炎、水肿、感冒发热、痢疾、尿路感染、尿血、牙龈出血、刀伤出血；
9味中草药含有大量的，氨基酸，矿物质，微量元素以及未知生长因子，能促进机体新陈代谢，消化吸收，生长发育
作为一种限定，制成所述兔饲料添加剂的有效成分的原料，以重量份数计还包括：动物双歧杆菌菌粉2～7份和酪酸菌粉1～8份。
作为另一种限定，所述兔饲料添加剂中，动物双歧杆菌含量≥1×106CFU/g、酪酸菌含量≥1×106CFU/g。
作为第三种限定，所述复合氨基酸是由盐酸赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、色氨酸和盐酸半胱氨酸按重量比1～2：0.4～0.8：0.1～0.3：0.15～0.4混合而成。
作为第四种限定，九种中药分别是经粉碎、过筛制得。
作为进一步限定，所述粉碎前，还需分别对九种中药喷洒适量水，以控制相应中药的湿度为40～50％。
作为进一步限定，所述过筛所用筛的孔径为80～100目。
本发明还提供了上述兔饲料添加剂的一种制备方法，是取主料、中药组合物，与两种益生菌的菌粉混匀，即得所述兔饲料添加剂。
本发明也提供了上述兔饲料添加剂的一种应用，所述兔饲料添加剂用于饲喂兔，以提高兔的生长性能。
作为一种限定，所述兔饲料添加剂用于添加至饲料中，以饲喂兔。
由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明与现有技术相比，所取得的技术进步在于：
本发明通过添加动物双歧杆菌和酪酸菌两种优势益生菌，能够定植于兔类消化道，拮抗潜在致病菌，维持肠道微生态平衡，与有害菌争夺氧附着位点和营养素，竞争性的抑制有害菌的生长，调节兔类肠道内菌群趋于正常化，增强抗病能力；两种益生菌代谢产生的有机酸，能够降低肠道内pH值，杀灭不耐酸的有害菌；
动物双歧杆菌能够分泌的大量短链脂肪酸，酸化肠道，控制有害菌的异常发酵，使肠道内渗透压增高，刺激胃肠蠕动，促进排便；
酪酸菌能够耐受胃酸，进入肠道，分泌肠粘膜再生和修复的重要营养物质酪酸(丁酸)，还能够促进双歧杆菌等肠道有益菌生长，抑制痢疾志贺氏菌等肠道有害菌生长，恢复肠道菌群平衡，减少胺、氨、吲哚等肠道毒素的产生及对肠粘膜的毒害，恢复肠免疫功能和正常的生理功能。同时酪酸菌在肠道内还能产生酶和维生素类有益物质，进一步促进营养物质的消化吸收；
本发明通过添加合理配比的蛋白酶、促进饲料消化吸收；酵母提取物、异麦芽糖能够促进兔类肠道中有益菌的增殖，提高饲料转化率，羽毛粉富含大量增毛所需氨基酸，复合氨基酸增强兔类机体免疫力和激发兔类抗病能力，进一步的促进长毛兔毛色、毛品质和毛产量的提高；
复合氨基酸中含有盐酸赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、色氨酸和盐酸半胱氨酸；
盐酸赖氨酸为限制性氨基酸，能改善氨基酸的平衡程度，使饲料中的氨基酸和蛋白质具有最高的营养价值，提高饲料蛋白质的消化利用率；
甲硫氨酸是构成机体的必需氨基酸之一，参与蛋白质合成。因其不能在体内自身生成，必须由外部获得。甲硫氨酸可以促进肝细胞膜磷脂甲基化，使膜流动性增强，增强Na+、K+-ATP酶泵作用，减少肝细胞内胆汁的淤积，加强转硫基作用，进而增强了肝细胞内半胱氨酸、谷胱苷肽及牛磺酸的合成，减少了胆汁酸在肝内聚积，加强了解毒作用，有利于肝细胞恢复正常生理功能，促使黄疸消退和肝功能恢复；
色氨酸可参与机体内血浆蛋白质的更新，并可促使核黄素发挥作用，还有助于烟酸及血红素的合成；
盐酸半胱氨酸具有很好的抗氧化作用，其可以参与肝脏的磷脂代谢以及细胞的还原；
本发明原料来源广、成本低廉，能够给养殖企业带来良好的经济效益。
本发明的兔饲料添加剂用于添加至饲料中饲喂兔类，尤其是适用于饲喂长毛兔，以增加产毛量，提高毛色和毛品质。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明，应当理解所描述的实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不限定本发明。
实施例1一种兔饲料添加剂的制备方法
本实施例制备兔饲料添加剂，包括依次进行的以下步骤：
分别取未粉碎的九种中药，车前子、川贝母、楮实子、三七、鸡蛋花、地锦草、肉桂、大枣及八仙草，喷洒适量水，使其湿度分别调节至40％，投入锤式粉碎机进行粉碎，筛分，得筛分粒度为80目的相应的中药；
分别取筛分后的相应中药，其中车前子0.4kg、川贝母0.3kg、楮实子0.08kg、三七0.4kg、鸡蛋花0.3kg、地锦草0.4kg、肉桂0.6kg、大枣0.8kg和八仙草0.2kg，作为中药组合物备用；
取2.63kg盐酸赖氨酸、1.18kg甲硫氨酸、0.53kg色氨酸、0.66kg盐酸半胱氨酸，作为复合氨基酸备用；
取3.48kg中药组合物与5kg酵母提取物、4kg羽毛粉、3kg动物双歧杆菌菌粉(动物双歧杆菌菌含量为1×109CFU/g)、3kg酪酸菌菌粉(酪酸菌菌含量为1×109CFU/g)、4kg异麦芽糖、4kg蛋白酶(酶活为10000U/g)及5kg复合氨基酸，混合均匀，即得兔饲料添加剂(标记为N1)，其中含有9.6×107CFU/g动物双歧杆菌、9.1×107CFU/g酪酸菌。
本实施例制备的兔饲料添加剂用于添加至饲料中饲喂兔，尤其是适用于饲喂长毛兔，以增加产毛量，提高毛色和毛品质。
实施例2～6兔饲料添加剂的制备方法
实施例2～6分别为一种兔饲料添加剂的制备方法，它们的步骤与实施例1基本相同，不同之处仅在于原料用量及工艺参数的不同，具体详见表1：
表1各项工艺参数一览表
实施例2～6其它部分的内容，与实施例1相同。
实施例7兔饲料添加剂的应用
选取300只日龄、体重、毛色相近的长毛兔，随机分为10组，每组30只，分别为对照组、A1～A3组和B1～B6组，其中，对照组饲喂普通市售兔饲料(巨野东方希望动物营养有限公司长毛兔配合饲料)，A1组饲喂预混料1.5％实施例1制备的兔饲料添加剂N1的市售兔饲料(巨野东方希望动物营养有限公司长毛兔配合饲料)，A2组饲喂预混料2％实施例1制备的兔饲料添加剂N1的市售兔饲料(巨野东方希望动物营养有限公司长毛兔配合饲料)，A3组饲喂预混料2.5％实施例1制备的兔饲料添加剂N1的市售兔饲料(巨野东方希望动物营养有限公司长毛兔配合饲料)，B1～B6组一一对应饲喂预混了3％实施例1～6制备的兔饲料添加剂N1～N6的市售兔饲料(巨野东方希望动物营养有限公司长毛兔配合饲料)，全天不限量供应，连续试验3个月，并给予正常饲喂。分别在实验开始前和实验结束时进行剪毛，统计产毛量和粗毛率，具体结果见下表：
表2兔饲料添加剂的应用效果一览表
由表2可知，对照组实验前后的产毛量和粗毛率均无明显变化，而A1～A3组和B1～B6组实验前后的产毛量和粗毛率均有明显上升，且A1～A3组的产毛量和粗毛率随兔饲料添加剂N1用量的增多而提升，而A3组和B1组的产毛量和粗毛率上升幅度则无明显变化。以上实验证明，饲喂本发明制备的兔饲料添加剂能够明显提升长毛兔的产毛量和粗毛率，提升幅度随兔饲料添加剂的用量增加而增大，但当兔饲料添加剂添加量达到2.5％后，则无明显变化。
Claims (10)
1.一种兔饲料添加剂，其特征在于，
所述兔饲料添加剂中含有动物双歧杆菌和酪酸菌两种益生菌；
制成所述兔饲料添加剂的有效成分的原料，以重量份数计包括：
由酵母提取物3~12份、羽毛粉2~15份、异麦芽糖2~9份、复合氨基酸3~10份和蛋白酶2~6份组成的主料；
由车前子0.2~0.6份、川贝母0.1~0.3份、楮实子0.05~0.3份、三七0.2~0.7份、鸡蛋花0.2~0.5份、地锦草0.2~0.6份、肉桂0.4~0.8份、大枣0.5~1份和八仙草0.1~0.3份，共九种中药组成的中药组合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的兔饲料添加剂，其特征在于，制成所述兔饲料添加剂的有效成分的原料，以重量份数计还包括：动物双歧杆菌菌粉2~7份和酪酸菌粉1~8份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的兔饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述兔饲料添加剂中，动物双歧杆菌含量≥1×106CFU/g、酪酸菌含量≥1×106CFU/g。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的兔饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述复合氨基酸是由盐酸赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、色氨酸和盐酸半胱氨酸按重量比1~2：0.4~0.8：0.1~0.3：0.15~0.4混合而成。
5.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的兔饲料添加剂，其特征在于，九种中药分别是经粉碎、过筛制得。
6.根据权利要求5所述的兔饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述粉碎前，还需分别对九种中药喷洒适量水，以控制相应中药的湿度为40~50%。
7.根据权利要求5所述的兔饲料添加剂，其特征在于，所述过筛所用筛的孔径为80~100目。
8.权利要求1-7中任一项所述的兔饲料添加剂的一种制备方法，其特征在于，是取主料、中药组合物，与两种益生菌的菌粉混匀，即得所述兔饲料添加剂。
9.权利要求1-7中任一项所述的兔饲料添加剂的一种应用，其特征在于，所述兔饲料添加剂用于饲喂兔，以提高兔的生长性能。
10.根据权利要求9所述的兔饲料添加剂的应用，其特征在于，所述兔饲料添加剂用于添加至饲料中，以饲喂兔。
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