CN114467979A - Preparation for preventing and treating plant diseases, preparation method and prevention and treatment method thereof - Google Patents
Preparation for preventing and treating plant diseases, preparation method and prevention and treatment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114467979A CN114467979A CN202210040027.8A CN202210040027A CN114467979A CN 114467979 A CN114467979 A CN 114467979A CN 202210040027 A CN202210040027 A CN 202210040027A CN 114467979 A CN114467979 A CN 114467979A
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- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 241000221785 Erysiphales Species 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 235000013618 yogurt Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 241000223260 Trichoderma harzianum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 241000223602 Alternaria alternata Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000021552 granulated sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000020185 raw untreated milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000003902 lesion Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- HZJKXKUJVSEEFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)hexanenitrile Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C(CCCC)(C#N)CN1C=NC=N1 HZJKXKUJVSEEFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005811 Myclobutanil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000005869 Pyraclostrobin Substances 0.000 description 6
- HZRSNVGNWUDEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyraclostrobin Chemical compound COC(=O)N(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1COC1=NN(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)C=C1 HZRSNVGNWUDEFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004562 water dispersible granule Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000186000 Bifidobacterium Species 0.000 description 3
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000005857 Trifloxystrobin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- ONCZDRURRATYFI-TVJDWZFNSA-N trifloxystrobin Chemical compound CO\N=C(\C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1CO\N=C(/C)C1=CC=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 ONCZDRURRATYFI-TVJDWZFNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000223600 Alternaria Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000208838 Asteraceae Species 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
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- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 2
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000222195 Ascochyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001480061 Blumeria graminis Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000219104 Cucurbitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005760 Difenoconazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000221787 Erysiphe Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005783 Fluopyram Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000896246 Golovinomyces cichoracearum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005800 Kresoxim-methyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000589925 Leptospirillum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 and therefore Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N difenoconazole Chemical compound O1C(C)COC1(C=1C(=CC(OC=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)=CC=1)Cl)CN1N=CN=C1 BQYJATMQXGBDHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- KVDJTXBXMWJJEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluopyram Chemical compound ClC1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CN=C1CCNC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(F)(F)F KVDJTXBXMWJJEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZOTBXTZVPHCKPN-HTXNQAPBSA-N kresoxim-methyl Chemical compound CO\N=C(\C(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1COC1=CC=CC=C1C ZOTBXTZVPHCKPN-HTXNQAPBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WOSNCVAPUOFXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thifluzamide Chemical compound S1C(C)=NC(C(F)(F)F)=C1C(=O)NC1=C(Br)C=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1Br WOSNCVAPUOFXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/38—Trichoderma
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/22—Bacillus
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation for preventing and treating plant diseases, a preparation method and a prevention and treatment method thereof, belonging to the technical field of plant disease prevention and treatment. The preparation for preventing and treating the plant diseases comprises yoghourt, an organic silicon surfactant, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis. The invention provides a preparation for preventing and treating plant diseases and a preparation method thereof on one hand, and provides a method for preventing and treating tobacco diseases on the other hand. The prevention and control preparation for the plant diseases has the prevention and control effects on the powdery mildew and the brown spot of the tobacco of 70-80 percent under the operation of an electric sprayer, has the prevention and control effects on the morbidity of the powdery mildew and the brown spot of the tobacco of 80-85 percent under the operation of a man-machine sprayer, and is environment-friendly, green and pollution-free.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant disease control, and relates to a preparation for controlling plant diseases, a preparation method and a control method thereof.
Background
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is an important economic crop in China, and is extremely vulnerable to the powdery mildew and brown spot of tobacco in the production process. The powdery mildew and brown spot of tobacco are leaf fungal diseases which commonly occur in the middle and later stages of the growth of tobacco and seriously harm tobacco, so that the tobacco leaves lose the baking value, the yield and the quality of the tobacco leaves are reduced, and serious economic loss is caused to tobacco growers. Understanding the sources and host ranges of pathogenic bacteria of the powdery mildew and the brown spot of the tobacco plays an important role in guiding the planting of the tobacco and preventing and controlling the powdery mildew of the tobacco. The powdery mildew of tobacco belongs to typical aerogenic and fungal diseases, is fond of a medium-temperature and medium-humidity environment, and is very easy to occur and prevail in the production season of flue-cured tobacco. The disease is caused by Erysiphe cichoracearum (Golomyces cichororaceae) of the subdivision Ascomycotina (Ascomycotina), Pyrenomycetes (Pyrenomycetes), Erysiphe (Golomyces). Besides tobacco damage, the tobacco can also infect various crops of Compositae (Asteraceae), Cucurbitaceae (Cueurbitaceae) and the like. However, these plants are not common in local tobacco areas and tobacco powdery mildew still occurs frequently. The primary source of infection by the powdery mildew fungus tobacco may be from powdery spores of powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe graminis on other plants in addition to ascospores released from the ascochyta. The Alternaria alternate (Alternaria alternata) is a fungal disease which occurs in the middle and later stages of tobacco and harms tobacco leaves, the pathogen belongs to Alternaria of the order of Wittinospora of Deuteromycotina, and since the first report in the United states of 1892, the disease causes huge economic loss to the tobacco industry in the world many times.
At present, the method for preventing and treating the powdery mildew and the brown spot of the tobacco has the prevention and treatment at the early stage of the disease attack, and the prevention and treatment are carried out by spraying agents such as 3000-4000 times of kresoxim-methyl water dispersible granules with the concentration of 50%, 2000 times of thifluzamide suspending agents with the concentration of 24%, 4000-5000 times of difenoconazole water dispersible granules with the concentration of 10% or 3000-4000 times of trifloxystrobin wettable powder with the concentration of 50%, and the prevention and treatment are carried out once every 10-15 days for 2-3 times. For prevention and treatment of serious diseases, agents such as 4000-5000 times liquid of 75% bacillus subtilis and trifloxystrobin water dispersible granules, 3000-4000 times liquid of 50% fluopyram and trifloxystrobin suspending agents or 1500-2000 times liquid of 20% enoxime and bacillus subtilis water dispersible granules are sprayed for prevention and treatment, and the spraying is carried out once every 7-10 days and 2-3 times of continuous prevention and treatment are carried out.
In summary, the traditional control method mainly adopts chemical control, has high proportion of chemical components, is not friendly to the environment, has strong destructiveness and is easy to generate drug resistance. Therefore, the development of a chemical-component-free, pollution-free, environment-friendly, green and pollution-free control agent is urgently needed in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the defects and the requirements in the field, the invention provides a preparation for preventing and treating plant diseases, a preparation method thereof and a high-efficiency pesticide application method.
A preparation for preventing and treating plant diseases is characterized by comprising yoghourt, an organic silicon surfactant, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis.
Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis are known in the art as broad-spectrum antagonistic bacteria, and can be used for preventing and treating powdery mildew, brown spot and the like of plants; on the basis of compounding the bacillus subtilis and the organic silicon surfactant, the invention firstly provides the method for adding the yoghourt and the organic silicon surfactant, so that the disease control effect is improved while the content of the bacillus subtilis in the preparation is obviously reduced. Wherein, the function of the organosilicon surfactant is to promote the ductility of the liquid medicine; the yoghourt has the functions of: beneficial strains such as lactic acid bacteria in the yogurt compete with fungi such as powdery mildew and brown spot causing powdery mildew and alternaria alternate in flora formation on the plant surface of the plant, so that the original growth advantage of trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis for inhibiting pathogenic bacteria causing plant diseases is effectively assisted, and meanwhile, nitrogen source and carbon source nutrient components such as milk, cream and granulated sugar in the yogurt can provide sufficient nutrients required for growth and propagation for the trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis, so that the trichoderma harzianum and the bacillus subtilis have a better growth environment on the plant surface.
The preparation for controlling plant diseases further comprises: and (3) water.
The preparation for preventing and treating the plant diseases comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 10.0-20.0 parts of yoghourt, 2-4 parts of organic silicon surfactant, 1-7 parts of trichoderma harzianum and 0.8-4 parts of bacillus subtilis.
In the preparation for preventing and treating plant diseases, the mass ratio of the total amount of yoghourt, the organic silicon surfactant, the trichoderma harzianum and the bacillus subtilis to the amount of water is 1: 1000.
The plant diseases refer to plant diseases caused by powdery mildew or alternaria alternate; the plant diseases are preferably powdery mildew and brown spot; the plant is preferably tobacco.
The yogurt comprises: raw milk, light cream, yoghourt starter, and granulated sugar; the mass ratio of the raw milk, the light cream, the yoghurt starter and the fine granulated sugar is preferably 9: 1: 0.1: 0.2-0.3.
A preparation method of a preparation for preventing and treating plant diseases is characterized in that yoghourt, an organic silicon surfactant, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis are mixed.
Mixing the yoghourt, the organic silicon surfactant, the trichoderma harzianum, the bacillus subtilis and the water in sequence at the outdoor normal temperature;
preferably, the outdoor normal temperature is 15-35 ℃.
A method for preventing and treating tobacco diseases is characterized in that the preparation for preventing and treating the plant diseases or the preparation for preventing and treating the plant diseases prepared by the preparation method is used for preventing and treating the plant diseases.
The formulation is sprayed to the tobacco by spraying using a manual sprayer, an electric sprayer or an unmanned aerial vehicle sprayer.
Preferably, the dosage of the preparation is 50 g/mu, and the spraying times are 3-4 times.
Preferably, the tobacco disease is selected from tobacco powdery mildew or tobacco brown spot.
The preparation for preventing and treating the tobacco diseases provided by the invention firstly proposes that the yoghourt is used as one of the formula components, the pesticide is compounded, the dosage of chemical reagents is completely avoided due to the addition of the yoghourt, the prevention and treatment effect on the tobacco powdery mildew and the alternaria alternate under the operation of an electric sprayer is 70-80%, the prevention and treatment effect on the tobacco powdery mildew and the alternaria alternate under the same spraying condition is 40-45% by using a common preparation, the prevention and treatment effect on the tobacco powdery mildew and the alternaria alternate under the spraying operation of an unmanned aerial vehicle is 80-85%, and the prevention and treatment effect on the tobacco powdery mildew and the alternaria alternate under the same spraying condition is 50-70% by using the common preparation.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided for better understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is not limited to the preferred embodiments, and any product which is identical or similar to the present invention, and which can be obtained by combining the present invention with other features of the prior art, which is taught by the present invention, falls within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention has the following raw material sources:
raw milk, light cream, yoghurt starter and fine granulated sugar are all commercially available; the yogurt starter is 2506314 type product of Bifidobacterium Chuanxiu strain starter produced by Beijing Chuanxiu technology Co.
Silicone surfactants are also commercially available. The water is tap water.
Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis both purchased from Beijing Bai Oobo Wei Biotech Co., Ltd, numbered bio-67995 and bio-52746
Group 1 examples: the preparation for controlling plant diseases of the present invention
The group of embodiments provides a preparation for controlling plant diseases, and the preparation for controlling plant diseases in all the embodiments in the group has the following common characteristics: comprises yoghourt, an organic silicon surfactant, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis.
The preparation for preventing and treating plant diseases is characterized by also comprising: and (3) water. The formulation of the plant disease control agent of the present invention is a liquid agent, and therefore, water is required as a solvent. The beneficial bacterium groups contained in the yoghourt are key active ingredients of the preparation for preventing and treating plant diseases, which can reduce the usage amount of chemicals and ensure the control effect, and the organic solvent can cause certain damage to the beneficial bacterium groups, so the preparation does not select the organic solvent as the solvent.
In a further embodiment, the preparation for controlling plant diseases comprises the following substances in parts by weight:
10.0-20.0 parts of yoghourt, 2-4 parts of organic silicon surfactant, 1-7 parts of trichoderma harzianum and 0.8-4 parts of bacillus subtilis.
In a further embodiment, the preparation for controlling plant diseases further comprises water, wherein the mass ratio of the water to the total dosage of the yoghourt, the organic silicon surfactant, the trichoderma harzianum and the bacillus subtilis is 1000: 1.
In some embodiments, the plant disease is a powdery mildew or alternaria; the plant diseases are preferably powdery mildew and brown spot; the plant is preferably tobacco.
In a more specific embodiment, the yogurt comprises: raw milk, light cream, yoghourt starter, and granulated sugar; the yogurt starter is commercially available, and in some embodiments, the yogurt starter is preferably a yogurt starter mainly containing bifidobacterium species, for example, a starter of bifidobacterium elegans.
In some embodiments, the yogurt is prepared by a process well known in the yogurt art, which comprises the following steps: 900 g of raw milk, 100g of unsalted butter, 10g of yoghourt leavening agent and 20-30 g of fine granulated sugar. Pouring 900 g of milk and 30 g of fine granulated sugar into a fermentation container, stirring uniformly, and slowly boiling on fire until the sugar is melted. Then adding 100g of unsalted butter and 10g of yoghourt leavening agent, putting the mixture into a constant-temperature oven, setting the temperature at 41-44 ℃, and fermenting for 7-8 hours to obtain the yoghourt.
The specific formulation and control effect of each embodiment of this group of examples are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
Group 3 examples: the invention relates to a method for preventing and treating tobacco diseases
The group of embodiments provides a method for controlling a tobacco disease, which is performed by using the preparation for controlling a plant disease described in any one of the group 1 embodiments.
In particular embodiments, the formulation is sprayed onto the tobacco by spraying using a manual sprayer, an electric sprayer, or an unmanned aerial vehicle sprayer.
In a specific embodiment, the dosage of the preparation is 50 g/mu (the preparation only contains yoghourt, an organosilicon surfactant, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis), the preparation is mixed with 50kg of water and then sprayed for 3-4 times, namely, only 3-4 times of spraying is needed in the whole plant planting stage (sowing to harvesting) including seedling stage, growth stage and maturation stage.
The endpoints of the numerical ranges used herein are not limited to the precise range or value of the invention, and it is to be understood that such ranges or values include the precise value or range. To the extent that the present invention is directed to values or ranges, including between the endpoints of each range and individual values, between individual endpoints, and between individual values may be combined with each other to give rise to one or more new ranges of values, these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
In the present invention, the terms "the present preparation", "a preparation for controlling tobacco plant diseases" and "nuisance-free preparation" used herein, unless otherwise specified, refer to a preparation formulated with a non-inorganic agricultural chemical, the formulation of which includes yogurt, silicone surfactant, trichoderma harzianum, bacillus subtilis; further comprises the following substances in parts by weight: 10.0-20.0 parts of yoghourt, 2-4 parts of organic silicon surfactant, 1-7 parts of trichoderma harzianum and 0.8-4 parts of bacillus subtilis; when the preparation is applied, a liquid preparation needs to be prepared for spraying to a field, so that the preparation further comprises 82-85 parts by weight of water. The control effect refers to the control effect on the powdery mildew and the alternaria alternate, namely the disease index reduction rate. The term "less pesticide amount" means that the amount of the inorganic pesticide can be effectively reduced by using the pollution-free pesticide, thereby reducing the generation of pesticide resistance.
Experimental example 1
According to the invention, the described tobacco powdery mildew and brown spot disease refer to plant diseases which cause serious diseases of tobacco by using the pathogenic bacteria of the leptospirillum genus of the subphylum ascomycotina. The disease law shows that the disease overwinter in the damaged tissue by mycelium, and the dry summer and the warm, moist and sultry weather are favorable for the occurrence of powdery mildew. Generally, the disease starts in 7 months, the disease reaches the full period from the middle to the top of 8 months, and the disease stops in 8-10 months. A systematic investigation method is adopted for the research of the field epidemic growth and elimination rule of the powdery mildew and the brown spot of the tobacco, the fixed-point investigation is carried out in the production area where the tobacco is planted, 100 plants are investigated every 5d, each plant is investigated, the upper leaf, the middle leaf and the lower leaf of each plant are investigated, the disease index is recorded until the tobacco is harvested, and an 8-grade grading method is adopted, wherein the grading standard is as follows:
level 0: no disease;
level 1: the area of the lesion spots accounts for less than 5 percent of the total area of the leaves;
and 3, level: the lesion area accounts for 5 to 10 percent of the total area of the leaves;
and 5, stage: the lesion area accounts for 10 to 20 percent of the total area of the leaves;
and 8, stage: the lesion area accounts for 20 to 50 percent of the total area of the leaves;
and 8, stage: the lesion area accounts for more than 50% of the total area of the leaves.
The test is respectively carried out in the peak period of 2 tobacco powdery mildew and brown spot diseases in 7 months and 8 months in 2020. The 1 st peak stage of powdery mildew and brown spot of tobacco: the test site is located in the Yinyang area of Longyang area of Baoshan city in Yunnan province of tobacco planting area, the altitude is 1650m, the soil is red loam, and the test variety is Yunyan 105. Drug test drug tests were conducted at 2 stages of high incidence of powdery mildew and brown spot of tobacco.
A random block design was used, with 3 treatments set: the preparation disclosed by the invention (10.0-20.0 parts of yoghourt, 2-4 parts of organic silicon surfactant, common bactericide (myclobutanil and pyraclostrobin), 1-2 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 0.8-1 part of bacillus subtilis and 82-85 parts of water) and clear water contrast. Each treatment is repeated for 3 times, the area of each treatment cell is 1m multiplied by 10m, the pesticide is applied for 1 time at intervals of 8d in the powdery mildew generation period, the pesticide is applied for 3 times totally, the agricultural conventional small sprayer is adopted for field spraying, and the pesticide is uniformly applied to the whole plant. Spraying the pesticide from the upper part to the lower part of the plant to spray the pesticide on the front and back surfaces of the leaves. 7 tobacco plants are randomly investigated by each treatment before each pesticide application, 10 tobacco leaves are randomly investigated by each plant, and the disease occurrence condition is recorded according to the grading standard of the damage of the root leaves.
Level 0: no diseased leaves;
level 1: the area of the lesion spots is less than 1-5% of the area of the whole leaf;
and 3, level: the area of the lesion spots accounts for 7 to 10 percent of the area of the whole leaf;
and 5, stage: the area of the lesion spots accounts for 11 to 25 percent of the area of the whole leaf;
and 7, stage: the area of the lesion spots accounts for 27 to 50 percent of the area of the whole leaf;
and 9, stage: the area of the lesion is more than 51 percent of the area of the whole leaf.
Calculating disease index and preventing and treating effect according to a formula. The disease index ═ Σ (number of diseased leaves at each stage × representative value at each stage)/(total number of investigated leaves × highest representative value) × 100; the prevention and treatment effect is (contrast disease index-treatment disease index after drug application)/contrast disease index is multiplied by 100 percent
According to the invention, the implementation method of the common bactericide and the preparation of the invention compared with clear water comprises a manual sprayer, an electric sprayer and an unmanned aerial vehicle spray-spraying.
1. The manual sprayer checks whether each connection leaks air, and when the sprayer is used, clean water is firstly installed for trial spraying, and then the sprayer is filled with a medicament.
2. The pesticide is prepared according to the operating rules and strictly complying with the use items of the medicine before operation. Before filling the liquid medicine into the liquid medicine barrel, the switch is closed to prevent the liquid medicine from leaking, the liquid medicine is filled, a filter screen is used for filtering, and the liquid level of the liquid medicine cannot exceed the safe water level line.
3. The sprayer is backed on the back, when the left hand holds the pressure rod and presses up and down to a certain pressure (the pressing times are about 30 times/minute), the right hand holds the handle of the spray rod to open the switch and swing the spray rod, and the size of the switch is adjusted according to the size of the sprayed plants (or areas), so that the spray head sprays up and down or left and right as required.
4. When the liquid medicine is filled for the first time, the air chamber and the spray rod contain clear water, and the concentration of the liquid medicine sprayed out within 2-3 minutes of the beginning of spraying is low, so that the supplementary spraying needs to be paid attention to so as not to influence the control effect of plant diseases and insect pests.
5. When spraying the pesticide, attention is focused, the hands and eyes are matched, the force is exerted at a certain pace, and the spray nozzle is aimed at the plant part suffering from diseases and insect pests to spray the pesticide, so that the effect of consistence, uniformity, correctness and safety is achieved. The electric sprayer is used in the same way as a manual sprayer, and the nozzle is driven electrically to spray medicine.
Unmanned aerial vehicle spray spraying and application the unmanned aerial vehicle for plant protection of Dajiang T17 is manufactured by Shenzhen Dajiang Innovation technology Co. T17 weight of the whole machine (without battery) 18.5kg, maximum effective takeoff weight 42 kg; the maximum loading capacity of the liquid medicine is 17L, and the maximum spraying amplitude is 7.5 m; the spraying system is provided with 4 liquid pumps and 8 spray heads, and the flow can reach 4.8L/min at most; the maximum operation flying speed is 8m/s, the maximum flying speed is 10m/s, and the wind speed resistance is 8 m/s; the theoretical working efficiency can reach 10hm2However, in practical operation, the operating efficiency of the Xinjiang T17 is 5.0-7.8 hm2/h。
The results of using a common bactericide (myclobutanil + pyraclostrobin) to control tobacco powdery mildew and alternaria alternate by spraying with a manual sprayer, an electric sprayer and an unmanned aerial vehicle were as follows:
by spraying and spraying common bactericides (myclobutanil and pyraclostrobin) to control the powdery mildew and the brown spot of the tobacco in a garden (the area of one mu) with the morbidity of the powdery mildew and the brown spot of the tobacco being higher than 80 percent through a manual sprayer, an electric sprayer and an unmanned aerial vehicle, and carrying out statistical analysis on the morbidity of the garden after the application, the results show that the control effect of the common bactericides (myclobutanil and pyraclostrobin) added to the manual sprayer on the powdery mildew and the brown spot of the tobacco is 20 to 30 percent, the control effect of the common bactericides (myclobutanil and pyraclostrobin) added to the electric sprayer on the powdery mildew and the brown spot of the tobacco is 40 to 45 percent, and the control effect of the common bactericides (myclobutanil and pyraclostrobin) added to the unmanned aerial vehicle on the powdery mildew and the brown spot of the tobacco is 50 to 70 percent.
The results of using the preparation (10.0-20.0 parts of yoghourt, 2-4 parts of organic silicon surfactant, 1-7 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 0.8-4 parts of bacillus subtilis and 82-85 parts of water) to prevent and treat the powdery mildew and the brown spot of the tobacco by spraying with a manual sprayer, an electric sprayer and an unmanned aerial vehicle are as follows:
by spraying and spraying the preparation (10.0-20.0 parts of yoghourt, 2-4 parts of organic silicon surfactant, 1-7 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 0.8-4 parts of bacillus subtilis and 82-85 parts of water) on a tobacco garden (the area of one mu) with the incidence of the powdery mildew and the brown spot of tobacco higher than 80%, and spraying and controlling the powdery mildew and the brown spot by using a manual sprayer, an electric sprayer and an unmanned aerial vehicle, and carrying out statistical analysis on the incidence in the garden after the application, the results show that the prevention and control effects of the preparation (10.0-20.0 parts of yoghourt, 2-4 parts of organic silicon surfactant, 1-7 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 0.8-4 parts of bacillus subtilis and 82-85 parts of water) on the powdery mildew and the brown spot of tobacco by using the manual sprayer are 50-70%, and the preparation (10.0-20.0 parts of yoghourt, 2-4 parts of organic silicon surfactant, 2-4 parts of trichoderma harzianum, and 82-85 parts of water) are added into the electric sprayer, 1-7 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 0.8-4 parts of bacillus subtilis and 82-85 parts of water) have a control effect on tobacco powdery mildew and alternaria alternate of 70-80%, and an unmanned aerial vehicle spray application of the preparation (10.0-20.0 parts of yoghourt, 2-4 parts of organic silicon surfactant, 1-7 parts of trichoderma harzianum, 0.8-4 parts of bacillus subtilis and 82-85 parts of water) has a control effect on tobacco powdery mildew and alternaria alternate of 80-85%.
The results of preventing and treating the powdery mildew and the brown spot of the tobacco by spraying the clear water by using a manual sprayer, an electric sprayer and an unmanned aerial vehicle are as follows:
through the tobacco garden (the area of one mu) with the incidence of the powdery mildew and the alternaria alternate higher than 80%, clear water is sprayed and sprayed by a manual sprayer, an electric sprayer and an unmanned aerial vehicle to prevent and control the powdery mildew and the alternaria alternate, the incidence in the garden is statistically analyzed after the application is finished, and the results show that the effect of preventing and controlling the powdery mildew and the alternaria alternate by applying the clear water by the manual sprayer, the electric sprayer and the unmanned aerial vehicle is 0%.
TABLE 1 disease index reduction ratio (control effect)
| Common bactericide | Formulations of the invention | Clean water | |
| Hand sprayer | 20％-30％ | 50％-70％ | 0％ |
| Electric sprayer | 40％-45％ | 70％-80％ | 0％ |
| Unmanned aerial vehicle spraying | 50％-70％ | 80％-85％ | 0％ |
The endpoints of the numerical ranges used herein are not limited to the precise range or value of the invention, and it is to be understood that such ranges or values include the precise value or range. To the extent that the present invention is directed to values or ranges, including between the endpoints of each range and individual values, between individual endpoints, and between individual values may be combined with each other to give rise to one or more new ranges of values, these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
Various embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above and result in a preferred formulation and spraying method for controlling powdery mildew and brown spot disease of tobacco, application concentration, etc., but the present invention is not limited thereto. Various simple modifications can be made to the technical scheme of the invention including the implementation method, technical conception, concentration ratio and the like, and various technical points, characteristics and any other ways can be combined, and the simple modifications and the combinations and the like are considered to be the contents disclosed by the invention and all belong to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation for preventing and treating plant diseases is characterized by comprising yoghourt, an organic silicon surfactant, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis.
2. The formulation for controlling plant diseases according to claim 1, further comprising: and (3) water.
3. The formulation for controlling plant diseases according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the following materials in parts by weight: 10.0-20.0 parts of yoghourt, 2-4 parts of organic silicon surfactant, 1-7 parts of trichoderma harzianum and 0.8-4 parts of bacillus subtilis.
4. The formulation for controlling plant diseases according to claim 3, further comprising: and water with the mass ratio of 1000: 1 to the total dosage of the yoghourt, the organic silicon surfactant, the trichoderma harzianum and the bacillus subtilis.
5. The formulation for controlling plant diseases according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plant diseases refer to powdery mildew or Alternaria alternate; the plant diseases are preferably powdery mildew and brown spot; the plant is preferably tobacco.
6. The formulation for controlling plant diseases according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the yogurt comprises: raw milk, light cream, yoghourt starter, and granulated sugar; the mass ratio of the raw milk, the light cream, the yogurt starter and the granulated sugar is preferably 9: 1: 0.1: 0.2-0.3.
7. A preparation method of a preparation for preventing and treating plant diseases is characterized in that yoghourt, an organic silicon surfactant, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus subtilis are mixed.
8. The method for preparing a preparation for controlling plant diseases according to claim 7, wherein yogurt, silicone surfactant, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, and water are sequentially mixed at room temperature;
and/or the outdoor normal temperature is 15-35 ℃.
9. A method for controlling a tobacco disease, characterized by using a preparation for controlling a plant disease according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or a preparation for controlling a plant disease produced by the production method according to claim 7 or 8.
10. The method for controlling tobacco diseases according to claim 9, wherein the formulation is sprayed to tobacco by spraying using a manual sprayer, an electric sprayer or an unmanned aerial vehicle sprayer.
And/or the dosage of the preparation is 50 g/mu, and the spraying times are 3-4 times;
and/or, the tobacco disease is selected from tobacco powdery mildew or tobacco brown spot.
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