CN114465649A - Time modulation array system and modulation method - Google Patents
Time modulation array system and modulation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114465649A CN114465649A CN202210073683.8A CN202210073683A CN114465649A CN 114465649 A CN114465649 A CN 114465649A CN 202210073683 A CN202210073683 A CN 202210073683A CN 114465649 A CN114465649 A CN 114465649A
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- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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Abstract
The invention provides a time modulation array system and a modulation method, comprising the following steps: the device comprises an antenna array, a time modulation module, a control module, a power divider, a power amplifier and a radio frequency signal source; the output end of the radio frequency signal source is connected with the input end of the power amplifier, the output end of the power amplifier is connected with the input end of the power divider, the power divider comprises N output ends, the output end of each power divider is connected with a time modulation module, the control module is connected with each time modulation module and used for periodically modulating radio frequency signals in the time modulation modules, and each time modulation module is connected with the antenna array. The time modulation module provided by the invention has the advantages of high modulation efficiency and wide radio frequency transmission signal bandwidth, the modulation efficiency tends to 100% when the number of the phase states of the sub-modulation modules is more, and the highest radio frequency transmission signal bandwidth is in direct proportion to the number of the sub-modules.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna engineering, in particular to a time modulation array system and a modulation method, and particularly relates to a universal time modulation array system with high efficiency and wide transmission bandwidth.
Background
The amplitude and phase control of the array antenna elements is one of the important steps for realizing the functions of beam forming, beam scanning and the like. Most of the traditional phased array systems use a whole set of high-precision digital phase shifters and digital attenuators to control the phase and amplitude of each radio frequency channel, and for large-scale antenna arrays, the cost, power consumption, size and hardware complexity of the phased array system are undoubtedly greatly challenged. In recent years, time modulation arrays have attracted increasing researchers' attention due to their simplicity of construction and high performance amplitude and phase control capabilities. Different from the traditional phased array which directly performs phase shift and attenuation on radio frequency signals, the time modulation array introduces equivalent phase and amplitude at harmonic components through nonlinear periodic modulation in the time dimension, the amplitude and the phase can be designed through modulation time sequence, and under the condition of high-precision control time sequence, the time modulation array can realize nearly continuous amplitude and phase control.
Since the basic switching cycle modulation efficiency is low and the transmittable signal bandwidth is small, many researchers have started to research a time modulation structure having a high modulation efficiency or a large signal transmission bandwidth. In 2015, Single side band modulator was proposed in "Single side band Time Modulated phase Array" (IEEE TAP; Vol: 63; phase: 5; page: 1957-. In 2019, the Dairy Rihatian university of electronics university at "Harmonic Beamforming in Antenna Array With Time-Modulated Amplitude-Phase Weighting Technique" (IEEE TAP; volume: 67; period: 10; page: 6461-6472; DOI:10.1109/TAP.2019.2922815) connects 1-bit modulation structures With different phases in parallel on the basis of a quasi-single-sideband modulator, and the amount of suppressible harmonics increases exponentially. Then, a high-efficiency phase regulation and control system based on a 2-bit time modulation array is proposed in a patent of a high-efficiency phase regulation and control system based on a time modulation array (publication number: CN 111370873A), the modulation loss of the structure is only 0.91dB, and 3 harmonics on both sides of a useful +1 harmonic wave can be inhibited to the highest degree.
It is noted that when considering the highest rate at which the rf switch switches between different states, the modulation structures in the aforementioned references or patents can only achieve a signal transmission bandwidth close to the highest switching rate; in addition, the time modulation structure with high modulation efficiency and wide signal transmission bandwidth has difficulties.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a time modulation array system and a modulation method.
According to the present invention, there is provided a time modulation array system, comprising: the system comprises an antenna array, a time modulation module, a control module, a power divider, a power amplifier and a radio frequency signal source;
the output end of the radio frequency signal source is connected with the input end of the power amplifier, the output end of the power amplifier is connected with the input end of the power divider, the power divider comprises N output ends, the output end of each power divider is connected with a time modulation module, the control module is connected with each time modulation module, the control module carries out periodic modulation on radio frequency signals in the time modulation modules, and each time modulation module is connected with the antenna array.
Preferably, the time modulation module includes two V-path power splitting/combining devices, V time modulation submodules, and a group of V phase-state second fixed phase delay lines, where V is an integer greater than or equal to 1; one end of each time modulation submodule is connected with one power division combiner, and the other end of each time modulation submodule is connected with the other power division combiner after being connected with a second fixed phase delay line in series;
the V phases of the second fixed phase delay line of the set of V phase states are each 2 pi V/(MV), where V is 0,1,2, …, V-1; m is an integer of 1 or more.
Preferably, the time modulation submodule comprises two single-pole M-throw switches and a set of M phase state first fixed phase delay lines;
the M phases of the first fixed phase delay line of the set of M phase states are each 2 pi M/M, where M is 0,1,2, …, M-1.
Preferably, each phase delay line of the second set of V phase states is respectively merged into the time modulation sub-module of the respective branch, and the phase of the first fixed phase delay line of the set of M phase states of the V time modulation sub-modules is replaced by 2 pi V/(MV), …,2 pi (MV + V)/(MV), …,2 pi [ (M-1) V + V ]/(MV), V ═ 0,1, …, V-1, M refers to the mth phase state of the corresponding mth sub-module.
The invention provides a modulation method of a time modulation array system, which comprises the following steps:
step S1: generating radio frequency signals through the radio frequency signal source, amplifying the radio frequency signals by the power amplifier, dividing the radio frequency signals into N paths by the power divider, and feeding the N paths of radio frequency signals into the time modulation module respectively;
step S2: the time modulation module is used for periodically modulating the radio frequency signal under the control of the control module, and the modulated signal is radiated into space through the antenna array;
step S3: the radio frequency channels realize continuous phase adjustment by adjusting the time delay amount of the control time sequence of each time modulation module relative to the control time sequence of the first time modulation module.
Preferably, in step S2, the control module generates a plurality of control waveforms to control the time modulation module to achieve different modulation effects.
Preferably, the first fixed phase delay lines of a group of M phase states of each modulation submodule are respectively conducted for the same time length through a single-pole M-throw switch according to the sequence of increasing phases, so that periodic change is realized; and adjusting the control time sequence of the V modulation sub-modules in the time modulation module by the control module to have different time delay amounts relative to the first sub-module.
Preferably, the modulation efficiency of the time modulation module is as follows:
when the M value is larger, the modulation efficiency eta is close to 100 percent; at the same time, the highest speed is switched to be f between different states of the single-pole M-throw switchswThe time modulation module can transmit the maximum bandwidth Vf without distortion and aliasingswOf the radio frequency signal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the time modulation module provided by the invention has the advantages of high modulation efficiency and wide radio frequency transmission signal bandwidth, the modulation efficiency tends to 100% when the number of the phase states of the sub-modulation modules is more, and the highest radio frequency transmission signal bandwidth is in direct proportion to the number of the sub-modules;
(2) when the structure complexity of the phased array system is limited, the invention can compromise between the modulation efficiency and the signal transmission bandwidth, thereby designing the phased array system with various application requirements after changing the relevant parameters of the time modulation structure.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a general-purpose phased array system based on time modulation array with high efficiency and wide transmission bandwidth;
fig. 2 is an equivalent modulation timing sequence when the time modulation module parameter is M-5 and V-3;
fig. 3 shows the single module modulation output result when the time modulation module parameter is M-5 and V-3;
fig. 4 shows the beamforming result of the present invention when the modulation module parameter is M-5, V-3 and the design direction is 20 °.
Description of reference numerals:
second fixed phase delay line 7 of antenna array 1
Switch 5 radio frequency signal source 11
First fixed phase delay line 6
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
according to the general time modulation array system with high efficiency and wide transmission bandwidth and the modulation method thereof provided by the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the time modulation array system comprises an antenna array 1, a time modulation module 2, a control module 8, a power divider 9, a power amplifier 10 and a radio frequency signal source 11; the radio frequency signal source 11 generates a radio frequency signal, the radio frequency signal is amplified by the power amplifier 10 and then divided into N paths by the power divider 9, and the N paths are respectively fed into N radio frequency channels to enter the time modulation module 2; the time modulation module 2 periodically modulates the radio frequency signal under the control of the control module 8, and the modulated signal is radiated into space through the antenna array 1; in the general phased array system based on the time modulation array, which has high efficiency and wide transmission bandwidth, the continuous phase adjustment of N radio frequency channels is realized by adjusting the time delay of the control time sequence of each time modulation module 2 relative to the control time sequence of the first time modulation module 2, so that the functions of beam forming or beam scanning and the like are realized; the control module 8 can generate various control waveforms to control the time modulation module 2 to realize different modulation effects so as to realize the functions of low side lobe, high modulation efficiency, wide signal transmission bandwidth and the like.
The time modulation module 2 comprises two V-path power splitting and combining devices 4, V time modulation submodules 3 and a group of second fixed phase delay lines 7 with V phase states, wherein V is an integer greater than or equal to 1; the V phases of the second fixed phase delay line 7 of the set of V phase states are respectively 2 pi V/(MV), where V is 0,1,2, …, V-1; m is an integer of 1 or more.
The time modulation submodule 3 comprises two single-pole M-throw switches 5 and a group of M phase state first fixed phase delay lines 6; the M phases of the first fixed phase delay line 6 of the set of M phase states are each 2 pi M/M, where M is 0,1,2, …, M-1.
Each phase delay line of said set of V phase states of the first fixed phase delay line 7 may be incorporated into the time modulation submodule 3 of the respective branch, i.e. the M phase delay lines in each modulation submodule 3 are added to the phase corresponding to the phase delay line 7 in the v-th branch, to simplify the circuit design, the second fixed phase delay line 7 for a set of V phase states in the time modulation module 2 can now be deleted, while the first fixed phase delay line 6 phase of a group of M phase states in the V time modulation submodules 3 is replaced by 2 pi V/(MV), …,2 pi (MV + V)/(MV), …,2 pi [ (M-1) V + V ]/(MV), V ═ 0,1, …, V-1, M referring to the mth phase state in the corresponding vth submodule.
Under the action of the single-pole M-throw switch 5, the first fixed phase delay lines 6 in a group of M phase states of each modulation submodule 3 are respectively conducted for the same time length according to the sequence of increasing phase, and are periodically changed, and the modulation period is set as TpThen each phase state is turned on by 1/MTpA duration; meanwhile, the control timing of the V modulation submodules in the time modulation module 2 is delayed by V/(MV) T relative to the time of the first sub-modulation modulepV-0, 1, …, V-1. The equivalent modulation timing sequence of the single time modulation module 2 is:
wherein U is0(v, t) being submodulesModulation timing, which can be expressed as:
expanding U (v, t) into a Fourier series, wherein Fourier coefficients of the q-th harmonic are as follows:
for a time-modulated array of N antenna elements, the array factor for the +1 th harmonic (q ═ 1) can be expressed as:
wherein f iscIs the center frequency, f, of the radio frequency signalpFor modulation frequency, β is the wavenumber and d is the antenna element spacing. Theta is the beam pointing angle.
The time modulation module 2 can realize (sinc (pi/M))2The modulation efficiency of (2) is close to 100% when the value of M is large, and the modulation efficiency is calculated by the following formula:
the modulation efficiency is defined as the ratio of the average power of the useful rf signal output by the time modulation module 2 to the average power of the rf signal input to the time modulation module 2.
Switching the maximum rate f between different states of the single-pole M-throw switch 5swThe minimum relative time length for each phase state to be conducted is 1/fswThe highest modulation frequency achievable by the time modulation module is thus fsw(ii) a/M; the harmonic wave interval is MVf after the time modulation module modulates the radio frequency signalpSo that the time modulation module can transmit the maximum bandwidth of MV x f without distortion and aliasingsw/M＝VfswOf the radio frequency signal.
Example 2:
referring to fig. 1, it is assumed that the radio frequency signal source 11 generates a single carrier signal with a center frequency of 2GHz, the periodic modulation frequency of the time modulation module 2 is 10MHz, and the parameters M and V in the time modulation module 2 are M ═ 5 and V ═ 3, respectively. The array element number of the time modulation array is 32, the array interval is half wavelength, and the modulation time sequence is designed to enable the array wave beam to point to 20 degrees.
Fig. 2 shows an equivalent modulation timing sequence when the parameters M is 5 and V is 3 for controlling the single time modulation module 2, and it can be seen that, through the phase gradient stepping of M stages of each sub-module, the final equivalent modulation timing sequence can realize phase gradient stepping of M × V stages, so that more harmonics can be suppressed, and the bandwidth of the transmittable signal can be increased under the speed limit of the radio frequency switch 5.
Further, please refer to fig. 3, which shows the single module modulation output result when the parameter of the time modulation module 2 is M-5 and V-3, and it can be seen that the frequency interval of outputting each sub-harmonic signal after passing through the time modulation module 2 of the present invention is 150MHz, i.e. MVfpAnd the design index is met, which means that the module can transmit signals with the bandwidth of 150MHz at most. Also, by comparison, the useful +1 harmonic power is lost 0.5792dB compared to the input power after modulation. Thus, the time modulation module 2 of the present invention can achieve both high modulation efficiency and wide transmission signal bandwidth.
Finally, please refer to fig. 4, which shows the beamforming result of the present invention when the parameter of the time modulation module 2 is M-5, V-3 and the design direction is 20 °. In the figure, the +1 th harmonic (frequency f)c+fp) Is directed at 20 deg., meets the design criteria and also gives the +16 th harmonic (frequency f) with the highest level of non-usec+16fp) And-14 th harmonic (frequency f)c-14fp) The levels are-22.94 dB and-24.26 dB, respectively, relative to the +1 harmonic.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (8)
1. A time modulation array system, comprising: the antenna array (1), the time modulation module (2), the control module (8), the power divider (9), the power amplifier (10) and the radio frequency signal source (11);
the output end of the radio frequency signal source (11) is connected with the input end of the power amplifier (10), the output end of the power amplifier (10) is connected with the input end of the power divider (9), the power divider (9) comprises N output ends, the output end of each power divider (9) is connected with a time modulation module (2), the control module (8) is connected with each time modulation module (2) to periodically modulate radio frequency signals in the time modulation modules (2), and each time modulation module (2) is connected with the antenna array (1).
2. The time modulation array system of claim 1, wherein: the time modulation module (2) comprises two V-path power splitting combiners (4), V time modulation submodules (3) and a group of second fixed phase delay lines (7) with V phase states, wherein V is an integer greater than or equal to 1; one end of each time modulation submodule (3) is connected with one power division combiner (4), and the other end of each time modulation submodule (3) is connected with the other power division combiner (4) after being connected with one second fixed phase delay line (7) in series;
the V phases of the second fixed phase delay line (7) of said set of V phase states are respectively 2 pi V/(MV), where V is 0,1,2, …, V-1; m is an integer of 1 or more.
3. The time modulation array system of claim 2, wherein: the time modulation submodule (3) comprises two single-pole M-throw switches (5) and a group of first fixed phase delay lines (6) with M phase states;
the M phases of the first fixed phase delay line (6) of the set of M phase states are each 2 pi M/M, where M is 0,1,2, …, M-1.
4. A time modulation array system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that each phase delay line of the second set of V phase states (7) is incorporated into the time modulation submodule (3) of the respective branch, while the phase of the first fixed phase delay line (6) of the set of M phase states of the V time modulation submodules (3) is replaced by 2 pi V/(MV), …,2 pi (MV + V)/(MV), …,2 pi [ (M-1) V + V ]/(MV), V ═ 0,1, …, V-1, M referring to the mth phase state of the corresponding vth submodule.
5. A modulation method of a time modulation array system using the time modulation array system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
step S1: radio frequency signals are generated by the radio frequency signal source (11), are amplified by the power amplifier (10), are divided into N paths by the power divider (9), and are respectively fed into N radio frequency channels to enter the time modulation module (2);
step S2: the time modulation module (2) is used for periodically modulating the radio frequency signal under the control of the control module (8), and the modulated signal is radiated into space through the antenna array (1);
step S3: the radio frequency channels realize continuous phase adjustment by adjusting the time delay amount of the control time sequence of each time modulation module (2) relative to the control time sequence of the first time modulation module.
6. The modulation method of the time modulation array system according to claim 5, wherein: in step S2, the control module (8) generates a plurality of control waveforms to control the time modulation module (2) to achieve different modulation effects.
7. The modulation method of the time modulation array system according to claim 5, wherein the first fixed phase delay lines (6) of a group of M phase states of each modulation submodule (3) are respectively conducted for the same duration through the single-pole M-throw switches (5) according to the order of increasing phase, so as to realize the periodic variation; the control module (8) is used for adjusting the control time sequence of V modulation submodules (3) in the time modulation module (2) to have different time delay amounts relative to the first submodule.
8. The modulation method of the time modulation array system according to claim 7, wherein the modulation efficiency of the time modulation module (2) is:
when the M value is larger, the modulation efficiency eta is close to 100 percent; at the same time, the highest speed is switched to be f between different states of the single-pole M-throw switchswThe time modulation module (2) can transmit the maximum bandwidth Vf without distortion and aliasingswOf the radio frequency signal.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115276748A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-11-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Time modulation array beam control method with reconfiguration function |
| CN115695129A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2023-02-03 | 电子科技大学 | Sideband radiation suppression method for time modulation array and antenna system |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115276748A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-11-01 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Time modulation array beam control method with reconfiguration function |
| CN115695129A (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2023-02-03 | 电子科技大学 | Sideband radiation suppression method for time modulation array and antenna system |
| CN115695129B (en) * | 2022-08-24 | 2024-03-26 | 电子科技大学 | Sideband radiation suppression method for time modulation array and antenna system |
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