CN111370873A - High-efficiency phase modulation system based on time modulation array - Google Patents
High-efficiency phase modulation system based on time modulation array Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-efficiency phase regulation and control system based on a time modulation array, which comprises N units of uniform linear array antennas, N low-noise amplifiers, N phase regulation and control units, 1 field programmable gate array, 1N power distribution networks, 1 receiver and N digital signal control lines. The phase control unit is internally provided with 4 radio frequency single-pole double-throw switches, 1 90-degree phase delay line, 1 180-degree phase delay line and 2 reference 0-degree phase delay lines, so that four phase shifting states of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees are realized. The invention utilizes the field programmable gate array to control the phase regulation and control unit, realizes the periodic uniform time switching of the radio frequency signal under four phase-shifting states, obtains high-precision scanning beams, and has the characteristics of high modulation efficiency, simple structure, low cost and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna engineering, in particular to a high-efficiency phase modulation system based on a time modulation array.
Background
With the development of modern wireless communication and radar systems, the beam scanning precision and the beam switching speed of the array antenna become key indexes for measuring the system performance, and play a vital role in transmitting signal data rate, anti-interference capability, anti-interception capability and the like. In conventional phased array antennas, phase steering relies primarily on digital phase shifters located next to the antenna elements. For incoming wave signals at a certain angle, the phased array system calculates the theoretical phase shift quantity required by each channel, and then the theoretical phase shift quantity is approximated to the discrete phase shift quantity of the digital phase shifter. Therefore, quantization errors are inevitable when the digital phase shifter is used for phase adjustment. Generally, although a quantization error of a 5-bit or 6-bit digital phase shifter is small and beam directivity of an array antenna can be ensured, the digital phase shifter has a large insertion loss and affects indexes such as system power consumption and noise figure. The quantization error of the digital phase shifter with a low bit number (1 bit or 2 bits) is large, and the beam directivity of the array antenna cannot be ensured. In the field of Digital Beamforming (DBF), the phase adjustment of the array antenna is completely performed in the Digital domain without a Digital phase shifter, thereby avoiding the influence of quantization error. However, digital beamforming techniques require a separate receiver for each element, which greatly increases system cost.
On the other hand, the time modulation array introduces a time variable on the basis of the traditional array antenna by carrying out time domain regulation and control on transmission signals, and is a novel array antenna with higher design freedom. In recent years, a few scholars have started to study phase modulation methods based on time modulation arrays. In 2006, the paper "Modified Microwave Sampling beam former for Fast weighing Control and imagereject" by doctor s.garzaneh, university of concodia, canada, proposed a Microwave Sampling Beamformer that uses 1-bit phase shifters (0 degrees and 180 degrees) to perform time domain steering on the transmission signal, thereby achieving phase steering at the ± 1 st sideband. Based on fourier transform theory, the energy distribution in space of this method is symmetric about two broadside directions. In 2015, Single-Sideband Time-Modulated Phased Array proposed by doctor a.min Yao of national Nanjing university of science and engineering, and Single beam of energy in space was realized by using I/Q modulation to suppress-1 order Sideband energy. However, the I/Q modulation circuit suppresses the energy of the-1 order sideband through the phase inversion cancellation of the power divider, thereby increasing the circuit complexity without increasing the energy of the +1 order sideband. In the above document, the energy concentrated in the +1 or-1 sideband theoretically loses about 3.9dB of the time modulation compared to the unmodulated signal energy after time modulation.
Based on the above analysis, in the conventional phased array antenna, the loss introduced by the phase modulation is the insertion loss of the digital phase shifter, and in the time modulation array, the loss introduced by the phase modulation is the sum of the insertion loss and the harmonic loss of the time modulation circuit. Therefore, although the existing time modulation array has the potential of realizing high-precision beam scanning and high-speed beam switching, the engineering application of the phase regulation system based on the time modulation array is hindered due to large harmonic loss. The invention overcomes the technical difficulty of larger harmonic loss of the traditional time modulation array by reasonably designing the time modulation circuit and the time modulation function thereof, improves the theoretical time modulation efficiency from the prior 3.9dB to 0.9dB, realizes continuous and high-precision phase regulation and control, and provides technical support for promoting the engineering application of a phase regulation and control system based on the time modulation array.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-efficiency phase modulation system based on a time modulation array.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a high-efficiency phase modulation system based on a time modulation array comprises N antenna units, N low-noise amplifiers, N phase modulation control units, 1 field programmable gate array, 1N power distribution networks and 1 receiver, wherein N is a positive integer;
each antenna unit is connected with a low noise amplifier and a phase control unit, power synthesis is carried out by N paths of power distribution networks, and a receiver is connected with the N paths of power distribution networks; the N antenna units form a uniform linear array with a distance d; the field programmable gate array is provided with N paths of digital signal control lines, the control state of each digital signal control line is determined by a time modulation function, and the field programmable gate array is connected with a phase regulation unit and periodically controls the working state of the phase regulation unit; the phase regulation and control unit has 4 discrete working states which are respectively 0-degree phase shift, 90-degree phase shift, 180-degree phase shift and 270-degree phase shift;
the high-efficiency phase regulation and control system based on the time modulation array reasonably distributes the phase shift states of the radio-frequency signals in different antenna units and at different transmission moments through the time domain, realizes continuous phase regulation and control of the frequency domain radio-frequency signals, and further obtains a high-precision and high-efficiency radiation directional diagram with scanning beams in a space domain.
The time modulation efficiency of the high-efficiency phase modulation system based on the time modulation array is 81.1%, and the time modulation loss is only 0.9 dB;
the time modulation efficiency is defined as the ratio of the average useful receiving power of the high-efficiency phase modulation system based on the time modulation array to the average receiving power of the ideal linear array of the same scale under the excitation of a uniform amplitude phase; the average useful received power refers to an average received power of the radio frequency signal having a carrier frequency of +1 th harmonic component.
Preferably, the phase control unit comprises 4 radio frequency single-pole double-throw switches, 1 90-degree phase delay line, 1 180-degree phase delay line and 2 reference 0-degree phase delay lines;
the phase control unit has the following circuit topological structure that a 90-degree phase delay line and 1 reference 0-degree phase delay line are gated through 2 radio frequency single-pole double-throw switches to form a 90-degree phase shift module; the 180-degree phase delay line and the 1 reference 0-degree phase delay line are gated through 2 radio frequency single-pole double-throw switches to form a 180-degree phase shift module; the 90-degree phase shift module and the 180-degree phase shift module are connected in series to form a phase regulation and control unit.
The switching time of the single-pole double-throw switch is less than 10.0ns, so that the radio frequency signal after periodic time modulation has small distortion.
Preferably, the time modulation function has a uniform waveform in a time modulation period, N time modulation functions periodically change in a phase shift state sequence of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees, and each state has a duration of 1/4 time modulation periods (T)p) (ii) a The phase regulation is to control the relative time delay among the radio frequency channels generated by the N digital signal lines through a time modulation function.
The maximum value of the time modulation period is 1/10 of the signal transmission time, so that the accuracy of the time-frequency transformation of the radio-frequency signal after periodic time modulation is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable characteristics that:
(1) the invention is based on the time modulation array, and carries out dynamic switching under 4 discrete phase shift states on transmission signals at different antenna units and different transmission moments, thereby realizing continuous phase regulation and control of the array antenna and further obtaining high-precision scanning beams.
(2) The invention designs the time modulation function and the phase control unit which are suitable for phase control at the same time, the time modulation loss is only 0.9dB, and the invention has the advantages of simple structure and high time modulation efficiency.
(3) The phase regulation and control unit has the advantages of small insertion loss, low cost and the like, and is suitable for high-precision beam pointing control application of large-scale array antennas.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only one embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a high-precision phase control system based on a time modulation array according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a specific structure of the phase adjustment unit shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a time modulation function waveform.
Fig. 4 is a power spectrum of a single-frequency rf signal before and after time modulation.
Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a high-precision phase adjustment and control system based on a time modulation array in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a time modulation function of each rf channel with a scan angle of 20 degrees in the embodiment of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a radiation pattern for the embodiment of fig. 5 with a scan angle of 20 degrees.
Fig. 8 is a time modulation function of each rf channel with a scan angle of 50 degrees in the embodiment of fig. 5.
Fig. 9 is a radiation pattern for the embodiment of fig. 5 with a scan angle of 50 degrees.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
With reference to fig. 1, a high-efficiency phase modulation system based on a time modulation array includes N antenna units (1), N low noise amplifiers (2), N phase modulation units (3), 1 field programmable gate array (4), 1N power distribution networks (5), and 1 receiver (6), where N is a positive integer;
each antenna unit (1) is connected with a low noise amplifier (2) and a phase regulation and control unit (3), power synthesis is carried out by an N-path power distribution network (5), and a receiver (6) is connected with the N-path power distribution network (5); the N antenna units (1) form a uniform linear array with a distance d; the field programmable gate array (4) is provided with N paths of digital signal control lines (7), the control state of each digital signal control line (7) is determined by a time modulation function, is connected with one phase regulation unit (3), and periodically controls the working state of the phase regulation unit (3); the phase regulation and control unit (3) has 4 discrete working states which are respectively 0-degree phase shift, 90-degree phase shift, 180-degree phase shift and 270-degree phase shift;
with reference to fig. 2, the phase control unit includes 4 rf single-pole double-throw switches (8), 1 90-degree phase delay line (9), 1 180-degree phase delay line (10), and 2 reference 0-degree phase delay lines (11);
the phase control unit has the following circuit topological structure that a 90-degree phase delay line (9) and 1 reference 0-degree phase delay line (11) are gated through 2 radio frequency single-pole double-throw switches (8) to form a 90-degree phase shift module; the 180-degree phase delay line (10) and 1 reference 0-degree phase delay line (11) are gated through 2 radio frequency single-pole double-throw switches (8) to form a 180-degree phase shift module; the 90-degree phase shift module and the 180-degree phase shift module are connected in series to form a phase regulation and control unit. Wherein the 0 degree phase shift state is strobes S1-S1 'and S3-S3'; the 90-degree phase shift states are strobes S2-S2 'and S3-S3'; the 180-degree phase shift states are strobes S1-S1 'and S4-S4'; the 270 degree phase shift states are strobes S2-S2 'and S4-S4'.
Referring to fig. 3, the time modulation function has a uniform waveform in N time modulation periods, specifically, the time modulation functions periodically change in the phase shift state sequence of 0 degree, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees, and the duration of each state occupies 1/4 time modulation periods (T)p) (ii) a The phase regulation is to control the relative time delay among the radio frequency channels generated by the N digital signal lines through a time modulation function.
Considering a radio frequency channel, the time modulation function u (t) can be expressed as,
wherein, tsIs the pulse start time, TpIs a time modulation period.
Fourier transformation is carried out on the periodically changed U (t) to obtain Fourier coefficients u of h-order harmonic componentsh
The +1 st order sideband component (h ═ 1),
therefore, the 16 radio frequency channels have 16 pulse starting moments, and the relative phase shift of transmission signals among the radio frequency channels can be controlled by controlling each pulse starting moment, so that the purpose of regulating and controlling the phase of the array antenna is achieved.
The calculation method of the time modulation efficiency of the phase regulation and control system based on the time modulation comprises the steps of calculating the ratio of the average useful receiving power to the average receiving power of the ideal linear array of the same scale under the excitation of a uniform amplitude phase,
for a uniform omnidirectional array with a unit spacing of one half wavelength, the time modulation efficiency is related to the amplitude value of the +1 th harmonic component in one radio frequency channel, i.e., the time modulation efficiency can be measured by the square of the amplitude value of the +1 st harmonic component.
Correspondingly, the time modulation loss is
δ＝-20lg(|u1|)＝0.9dB
Referring to fig. 4, for one rf channel, the theoretical time modulation loss is 0.9dB by comparing the amplitude values of the single-frequency input signal 1000MHz before time modulation and the +1 th harmonic component 1010MHz after time modulation.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only one embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
With reference to fig. 5, the present embodiment provides a high-efficiency phase adjustment and control system based on a time modulation array, which includes 16 antenna units (1), 16 low noise amplifiers (2), 16 phase adjustment and control units (3), 1 field programmable gate array (fpga) (4), 1 16 power distribution networks (5), and 1 receiver (6);
each antenna unit (1) is connected with a low noise amplifier (2) and a phase regulation and control unit (3), power synthesis is carried out by a 16-path power distribution network (5), and a receiver (6) is connected with the 16-path power distribution network (5); the 16 antenna units (1) form a uniform linear array with the distance of 30 mm; the field programmable gate array (4) is provided with 16 paths of digital signal control lines (7), the control state of each digital signal control line (7) is determined by a time modulation function, is connected with one phase regulation unit (3), and periodically controls the working state of the phase regulation unit (3); the phase regulation and control unit (3) has 4 discrete working states which are respectively 0-degree phase shift, 90-degree phase shift, 180-degree phase shift and 270-degree phase shift;
the phase of array antenna beam scanning adopts the phase weighting of a uniform linear array, the phase shift quantity required by each radio frequency channel is calculated according to the scanning angle, and the target phase regulation and control are realized at the +1 th harmonic component by designing 16 pulse starting moments. In this embodiment, the operating frequency of the array antenna is 1.0GHz, and the time modulation frequency is 10 MHz.
Fig. 6 is a time modulation function of each rf channel with a scan angle of 20 degrees in an embodiment. Fig. 7 is a radiation pattern of an embodiment with a scan angle of 20 degrees. According to the time modulation theory, periodic time regulation and control of the radio frequency signal can generate multiple harmonic components, so that energy is dispersed in a frequency domain. The time modulation function and phase regulation module of the invention enables most of radio frequency signal power to be concentrated on the +1 st order harmonic component for phase regulation. The rf signal power on the +1 th harmonic component is lost only 0.9dB compared to the input signal. As can be seen from fig. 7, the radiation pattern of the +1 st harmonic component (1.01GHz) is swept to 20 degrees with sideband levels less than-10 dB. The sideband energy is energy other than the +1 st harmonic component, such as-3 rd harmonic component (0.97GHz), +5 th harmonic component (1.05GHz), -7 th harmonic component (0.93 GHz). According to the theoretical derivation of Fourier coefficients, under the ideal condition, the time modulation system related to the invention is single-sideband time modulation, namely, the +/-h harmonic component does not exist simultaneously, and if the + h harmonic component exists, the energy of the-h harmonic component is suppressed. In addition, the time modulation system related by the invention does not generate even harmonic components theoretically, such as 0.98GHz, 1.02GHz and the like.
Fig. 8 is a time modulation function of each rf channel with a scan angle of 50 degrees in the embodiment of fig. 5. Fig. 9 is a radiation pattern for the embodiment of fig. 5 with a scan angle of 50 degrees.
The foregoing is a description of the invention and embodiments thereof provided to persons skilled in the art of the invention and is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. The engineer can perform the specific operation according to the idea of the claims of the invention, and naturally a series of modifications can be made to the embodiments according to the above description. All of which are considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A high-efficiency phase modulation system based on a time modulation array is characterized by comprising N antenna units (1), N low-noise amplifiers (2), N phase modulation units (3), 1 field programmable gate array (4), 1N power distribution networks (5) and 1 receiver (6), wherein N is a positive integer; each antenna unit (1) is connected with a low noise amplifier (2) and a phase regulation and control unit (3), power synthesis is carried out by an N-path power distribution network (5), and a receiver (6) is connected with the N-path power distribution network (5); the N antenna units (1) form a uniform linear array with a distance d; the field programmable gate array (4) is provided with N paths of digital signal control lines (7), the control state of each digital signal control line (7) is determined by a time modulation function, is connected with one phase regulation unit (3), and periodically controls the working state of the phase regulation unit (3); the phase regulation and control unit (3) has 4 discrete working states which are respectively 0-degree phase shift, 90-degree phase shift, 180-degree phase shift and 270-degree phase shift;
the high-efficiency phase regulation and control system based on the time modulation array reasonably distributes the phase shift states of the radio-frequency signals in different antenna units and at different transmission moments through the time domain, realizes continuous phase regulation and control of the frequency domain radio-frequency signals, and further obtains a high-precision and high-efficiency radiation directional diagram with scanning beams in a space domain;
the time modulation efficiency of the high-efficiency phase modulation system based on the time modulation array is 81.1%, and the time modulation loss is only 0.9 dB;
the time modulation efficiency is defined as the ratio of the average useful receiving power of the high-efficiency phase modulation system based on the time modulation array to the average receiving power of the ideal linear array of the same scale under the excitation of a uniform amplitude phase; the average useful received power refers to an average received power of the radio frequency signal having a carrier frequency of +1 th harmonic component.
2. The time modulation array-based high efficiency phase modulation system according to claim 1, wherein the phase modulation unit comprises 4 radio frequency single-pole double-throw switches (8), 1 90-degree phase delay line (9), 1 180-degree phase delay line (10), and 2 reference 0-degree phase delay lines (11);
the phase control unit has the following circuit topological structure that a 90-degree phase delay line (9) and 1 reference 0-degree phase delay line (11) are gated through 2 radio frequency single-pole double-throw switches (8) to form a 90-degree phase shift module; the 180-degree phase delay line (10) and 1 reference 0-degree phase delay line (11) are gated through 2 radio frequency single-pole double-throw switches (8) to form a 180-degree phase shift module; the 90-degree phase shift module and the 180-degree phase shift module are connected in series to form a phase regulation and control unit;
the switching time of the single-pole double-throw switch (8) is less than 10.0ns, so that the radio-frequency signal after periodic time modulation has small distortion.
3. The time modulation array-based high-efficiency phase modulation system according to claim 1, wherein the time modulation functions are in one time modulation period, N time modulation functions have consistent waveforms, and specifically, the N time modulation functions periodically change in a phase shift state sequence of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees, and the duration of each state occupies 1/4 time modulation periods; the phase regulation and control is to control the N digital signal lines to generate the relative time delay among the radio frequency channels through a time modulation function;
the maximum value of the time modulation period is 1/10 of the signal transmission time, so that the accuracy of the time-frequency transformation of the radio-frequency signal after periodic time modulation is ensured.
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