CN112787698A - Efficient time modulation array harmonic wave beam forming system and implementation method thereof - Google Patents

Efficient time modulation array harmonic wave beam forming system and implementation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112787698A
CN112787698A CN202011625636.7A CN202011625636A CN112787698A CN 112787698 A CN112787698 A CN 112787698A CN 202011625636 A CN202011625636 A CN 202011625636A CN 112787698 A CN112787698 A CN 112787698A
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杨鹏
曾前伟
尹璐
杨峰
杨仕文
胡俊
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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Abstract

The invention provides a harmonic wave beam forming system based on a time modulation array and an implementation method thereof. The basic structure of the power divider comprises a radio frequency signal generation module, a 1-division-N power divider, N time modulators, N power amplifiers, N antenna radiation units and a time modulator control module. Wherein the time modulator is composed of eight segments of fixed-length delay lines and two single-pole 8-throw switches. The invention uses the time modulator control module to control the linear change slope and the relative time delay of the phase of different time modulators, so as to control the excitation amplitude and the phase of the corresponding antenna unit. The system can realize the beam forming function of any harmonic sideband and can keep the feed efficiency of 100 percent. The invention relates to the technical field of antenna engineering, in particular to a harmonic wave beam forming system based on a time modulation array.

Description

Efficient time modulation array harmonic wave beam forming system and implementation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna engineering, in particular to a high-efficiency time modulation array harmonic wave beam forming system and an implementation method thereof.
Background
In modern increasingly complex electromagnetic environments, the design requirements for antenna arrays are increasingly stringent, and in particular, to meet specific application scenarios, specific antenna array radiation patterns need to be implemented. Conventional beamforming approaches include analog beamforming, digital beamforming, and digital-analog hybrid beamforming. Analog beam forming usually adds a digital phase shifter and a digital attenuator to each antenna element to achieve the specified feeding amplitude and phase, but inevitably, there is a certain quantization error of phase amplitude, so that the radiation pattern shape is distorted. The quantization error is related to the number of bits of the digital phase shifter and digital attenuator, and the higher the number of bits, the smaller the quantization error, but the higher the cost. The digital beam forming controls the phase and the amplitude of signals at a digital end, and the control precision is high. However, to convert the rf analog signal into the digital signal, a high-speed rf analog-to-digital conversion module is required, which is difficult to be implemented in a large-scale antenna array, and increases the system cost. Digital-analog hybrid beamforming is a compromise between the above two types of beamforming, thereby reducing system cost and improving system performance. In a large-scale antenna array system, the problems of high system cost, poor control accuracy of excitation amplitude and phase of the antenna unit port and the like still exist in the several beam forming methods, so that a new beam forming technology needs to be developed urgently.
The Time modulation array is proposed in 1963 by w.h. kummer in "Ultra-Low delay from Time-Modulated Arrays", which introduces a Time-dependent fourth-dimensional variable into a conventional antenna array, and equivalently controls the average power fed into a port of each antenna unit according to the conduction Time of each antenna unit, thereby realizing a radiation pattern with an extremely Low side lobe level at a central frequency point. The method adopts the on-off type radio frequency switch to control the on-off of the antenna, can only realize equivalent amplitude weighting, but cannot control the phase. In 2015, a.min Yao proposed a Single-Sideband Time-Modulated Phased Array in the article "Single-Sideband Time-Modulated Phased Array", and by using the idea of I/Q modulation, arbitrary beam scanning of the +1 order harmonic can be realized without mirror sidebands, and the method transfers the energy of the-1 order mirror harmonic to the +1 order harmonic. Although this method can achieve continuous phase change, the maximum equivalent excitation amplitude that can be achieved on the +1 order sideband is 0.61W (assuming that the time modulator input power is 1W) due to the absorption type radio frequency switch, resulting in a large energy loss. An array antenna amplitude and phase regulation system based on time modulation is proposed in the patent with the publication number of CN 110336627B. The time modulation module in the system comprises p vector regulation and control basic modules, 2 p paths of equal power distribution networks and (p-1) fixed phase delay lines. When the complexity of the time modulation module is greatly improved, the continuous phase change can be realized theoretically, and meanwhile, the input power of the time modulation module can be continuously changed from 0W to 0.4W. A time modulation module in the system guarantees continuous phase change to be realized on the basis of a two-layer cascade dual-phase switch model, and simultaneously, theoretical maximum output power of a time modulator is improved to 0.81W. Since the N time modulation functions have uniform waveforms, it is difficult to realize amplitude weighting with high feeding efficiency maintained.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide an efficient time modulation array harmonic beamforming system and a method for implementing the same.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high-efficiency time modulation array harmonic wave beam forming system comprises a radio frequency signal generating module (6), a 1-division-N power divider (5), N K-state time modulators (3), N power amplifiers (2), N antenna radiation units (1) and a time modulator control module (4); the K-state time modulator (3) consists of K sections of delay lines (8) with independent fixed lengths and two single-pole K-throw switches (7); the radio frequency signal generated by the radio frequency signal generating module (6) is divided into N paths of radio frequency signals with equal power and equal phase through a 1-N power divider (5), each path of radio frequency signal enters a time modulator (3) for periodic time modulation, and then is amplified by a power amplifier (2) and radiated into a free space by an antenna radiation unit (1); the time modulator control module (4) is used for periodically controlling the working state of the K-state time modulator (3), wherein K is an integer which is arbitrarily larger than 3, and N is an integer which is larger than 2.
As a preferred mode, the K state output signals of the K state time modulator (3) in an efficient time modulation array harmonic beamforming system have the same amplitude, and the relative phases are respectively as follows: 0,
Figure BDA0002873043790000021
Figure BDA0002873043790000022
the units are radians.
As an optimal mode, a method for realizing a high-efficiency time modulation array harmonic wave beam forming system specifically designs a function g for controlling the periodic change of the working state of a K-state time modulator (3)n(t) causing the harmonic beam to have a scannable low sidelobe radiation pattern, comprising:
designing an antenna array with N radiation antenna units (1) and N K-state time modulators (3), and constructing a harmonic wave beam forming system based on a time modulation array;
step two, designing an ideal port excitation distribution G of the radiation antenna unit (1) according to a desired radiation patternnq', including excitation amplitude and phase, and determining the harmonic order q utilized;
step three, utilizing a formula
Figure BDA0002873043790000023
And
Figure BDA0002873043790000024
determining the phase change slope epsilon of the K-state time modulator (3) corresponding to the nth antenna unitnAnd relative time delay with respect to the reference cell
Figure BDA0002873043790000031
Step four, according to the formula
Figure BDA0002873043790000032
Determining a phase variation function, where mod (-) is a remainder function and round (-) is the nearest integer function, i.e., the time modulation function is
Figure BDA0002873043790000033
As an optimal mode, a high-efficiency time modulation array harmonic wave beam forming system implementation method, the K-state time modulator (3) can achieve full-space continuous adjustment of the excitation amplitude and the phase of the antenna radiation unit (1), and therefore the purpose of harmonic wave beam forming is achieved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) compared with the traditional phased array, the invention can realize continuous change of full-amplitude and full-phase only by a plurality of fixed delay lines, thereby not only improving the control precision of the beam shape, but also greatly reducing the system cost; 2) compared with the existing harmonic wave beam forming technology based on the time modulation array, the time modulation module has simpler structure and larger achievable amplitude-phase range; 3) the required excitation amplitude and phase can be directly obtained by mathematical calculation without a complex optimization method; 4) the invention has the greatest advantage of realizing arbitrary harmonic wave beam forming while maintaining high feed efficiency of 100 percent.
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For a clearer explanation of the embodiments or prior art solutions of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only references to some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings can be derived from these drawings without inventive effort by those skilled in the art
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a specific internal structure of the K-state time modulator (3) shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the amplitude and phase of Fourier coefficients at different harmonic orders q-1, 0, +1, +2 with the slope of the phase change with phase, when the phase is continuously linearly varied;
fig. 4 is a graph of the relationship between the amplitude and phase of fourier coefficients with the slope of the phase change at different harmonic orders q-1, 0, +1, +2 for a discrete linear change in phase (K-8);
fig. 5 is a variation relationship of the phase of the corresponding time modulation function in one period when the excitation amplitude of the nth antenna is 0.5 and the phase is 0 degree in the first embodiment;
fig. 6 is a cosecant squared beamforming pattern implemented at the q ═ 2 order harmonic in the second embodiment;
fig. 7 is data of a desired excitation amplitude, an excitation phase, a linear phase change slope, a relative delay, and the like corresponding to the implementation of the cosecant squared beamforming pattern shown in fig. 6.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided by way of specific examples, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
As shown in figure 2, the K-state time modulator (3) is composed of K sections of delay lines (8) with independent fixed lengths and two single-pole K-throw switches (7). The K state time modulator (3) has the same K state output signal amplitude, and the relative phases are respectively as follows: 0,
Figure BDA0002873043790000041
Figure BDA0002873043790000042
the units are radians. The instantaneous operating state of the K-state time modulator (3) is determined by a time modulator control module (4) and can be controlled by a periodically varying time modulation function gn(t) represents.
In order to simplify and explain an implementation method of an efficient time modulation array harmonic wave beam forming system without loss of generality, when the nth antenna unit has a time modulation function g with continuous change of linear phasen(t), it can be written mathematically as:
Figure BDA0002873043790000043
wherein phin(t) represents a periodic linear variation function, ∈nDenotes the slope of the phase change, mod (T, T)p) Representing T divided by the time modulation period TpThe remainder of (1). The default here is that the initial phase at time t-0 is 0 °. For gn(t) Fourier transform to obtain its corresponding Fourier coefficient Gnq
Figure BDA0002873043790000044
Where sinc (x) sin (x)/x is sinc function.
Fig. 3 is a relationship between the amplitude and phase and the phase change slope obtained when the harmonic order q is-1, 0, +1, +2, respectively, in the case of continuous phase change obtained from equation (2). As can be seen from fig. 3, the corresponding fourier coefficients have different amplitudes in different phase slopes. Here we describe amplitude and phase control with the +1 order harmonic. When the slope enTpWhen varying between 0 and 4 pi, the corresponding amplitude varies between 0 and 1. When is enTpWhen 2 pi, there is | Gn1|＝1。
In the case of discrete phase when K is 8, fig. 4 is at harmonic orderThe relationship between amplitude and phase obtained when q is-1, 0, +1, +2, and the slope of the phase change. The amplitude phase will fluctuate somewhat due to quantization errors, but the effect on the +1 order harmonics is small. When is enTpWhen 2 pi, there is | Gn1There is a small energy loss | ═ 0.97.
According to the fourier transform theory, the translation of the time domain appears as a corresponding phase shift in the frequency domain. Suppose the time delay time modulation function corresponding to the nth antenna unit is as
Figure BDA0002873043790000051
Fourier transform is carried out to obtain Fourier coefficients:
Figure BDA0002873043790000052
when q is +1, the corresponding time delay can be controlled
Figure BDA0002873043790000053
Thereby controlling the variation of the phase of the corresponding fourier coefficients.
The design steps are summarized as follows:
designing an antenna array with N radiation antenna units (1) and N K-state time modulators (3), and constructing a harmonic wave beam forming system based on a time modulation array;
step two, designing an ideal port excitation distribution G of the radiation antenna unit (1) according to a desired radiation patternnq', including excitation amplitude and phase, and determining the harmonic order q utilized;
step three, utilizing a formula
Figure BDA0002873043790000054
And
Figure BDA0002873043790000055
determining the phase change slope epsilon of the K-state time modulator (3) corresponding to the nth antenna unitnAnd relative time delay with respect to the reference cell
Figure BDA0002873043790000056
Wherein f isp＝1/TpIs a time modulation frequency;
step four, according to the formula
Figure BDA0002873043790000057
Determining a phase variation function, where mod (-) is a remainder function and round (-) is the nearest integer function, i.e., the time modulation function is
Figure BDA0002873043790000058
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only one embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
this embodiment mainly aims to explain the method for controlling the excitation amplitude and phase of a certain antenna element in a time modulation array. It is desirable to obtain an excitation profile with an amplitude of 0.5 and a phase of 0 degrees at the nth antenna element port at the q +1 harmonic frequency, where K is 8. According to formula (2) can be obtained
Figure BDA0002873043790000059
In conjunction with FIG. 4, | Gn1In [2 pi, 4 pi ]]Is monotonically decreased between the two phases, so that the corresponding phase change slope can be obtained to satisfy ∈nTp3.18 pi. At this time, however, the corresponding amplitude is achieved while the corresponding amplitude is obtained by the following equation (2)
Figure BDA00028730437900000510
The term introduces a phase of 0.59 pi. This phase can be determined by the relative time delay in equation (3)
Figure BDA00028730437900000511
Control is carried out when
Figure BDA00028730437900000512
Just right can compensate
Figure BDA00028730437900000513
Phase introduced by the term. So we can see the time delay
Figure BDA0002873043790000061
Not only with the phase of the array excitation, but also with the amplitude of the excitation. Fig. 5 is a graph showing the phase variation with time in one time modulation period corresponding to the timing sequence.
Example two:
the embodiment mainly aims to explain the high efficiency of the implementation method of the high-efficiency time modulation array harmonic beamforming system. Considering a uniform linear array with N equal to 30 antenna radiating elements and a half-wavelength element pitch, the system structure diagram is similar to that of fig. 1, and K is 8. The cosecant squared beamforming pattern is to be implemented at the +2 th harmonic. Fig. 6 shows the radiation pattern at the q +2 harmonic, which is seen to have a shape consistent with the expected shape, achieving good harmonic beam forming effect. On the premise of the desired harmonic radiation pattern, the corresponding data of desired excitation amplitude, excitation phase, linear phase change slope, relative time delay and the like are shown in fig. 7.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A high-efficiency time modulation array harmonic wave beam forming system is characterized by comprising a radio frequency signal generating module (6), a 1-to-N power divider (5), N K-state time modulators (3), N power amplifiers (2), N antenna radiation units (1) and a time modulator control module (4); the K-state time modulator (3) consists of K sections of delay lines (8) with independent fixed lengths and two single-pole K-throw switches (7); the radio frequency signal generated by the radio frequency signal generating module (6) is divided into N paths of radio frequency signals with equal power and equal phase through a 1-N power divider (5), each path of radio frequency signal enters a time modulator (3) for periodic time modulation, and then is amplified by a power amplifier (2) and radiated into a free space by an antenna radiation unit (1); the time modulator control module (4) is used for periodically controlling the working state of the K-state time modulator (3), wherein K is an integer which is arbitrarily larger than 3, and N is an integer which is larger than 2.
2. An efficient time-modulated array harmonic beamforming system according to claim 1, wherein the K state output signals of the K state time modulator (3) have the same amplitude and the relative phases are: 0,
Figure FDA0002873043780000011
Figure FDA0002873043780000012
the units are radians.
3. A method for realizing a high-efficiency time modulation array harmonic wave beam forming system is characterized in that a function g for controlling the periodic change of the working state of a K-state time modulator (3) is specifically designedn(t) causing the harmonic beam to have a scannable low sidelobe radiation pattern, comprising:
designing an antenna array with N radiation antenna units (1) and N K-state time modulators (3), and constructing a harmonic wave beam forming system based on a time modulation array;
step two, designing an ideal port excitation distribution G of the radiation antenna unit (1) according to a desired radiation patternnq', including excitation amplitude and phaseAnd determining the harmonic order q utilized;
step three, utilizing a formula
Figure FDA0002873043780000013
And
Figure FDA0002873043780000014
determining the phase change slope epsilon of the K-state time modulator (3) corresponding to the nth antenna unitnAnd relative time delay with respect to the reference cell
Figure FDA0002873043780000015
Wherein f isp＝1/TpIs a time modulation frequency;
step four, according to the formula
Figure FDA0002873043780000016
Determining a phase variation function, where mod (-) is a remainder function and round (-) is the nearest integer function, i.e., the time modulation function is
Figure FDA0002873043780000017
4. The method for implementing an efficient time modulation array harmonic beamforming system according to claim 3, wherein the K-state time modulator (3) is capable of implementing full-space continuous adjustment of the excitation amplitude and phase of the antenna radiating element (1), thereby achieving the purpose of harmonic beamforming.
5. A method for implementing an efficient time-modulation array harmonic beamforming system according to claim 3, wherein the K-state time modulators (3) have a 100% feeding efficiency, i.e. the output power of each K-state time modulator (3) is equal to its input power theoretically, and can implement beamforming of any harmonic.
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CN115589241A (en) * 2022-09-22 2023-01-10 电子科技大学 Four-dimensional antenna multi-beam forming method and system based on phase modulation
CN115695129A (en) * 2022-08-24 2023-02-03 电子科技大学 Sideband radiation suppression method for time modulation array and antenna system

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