CN114464512B - Emission device for emitting electrons, preparation method thereof and electron gun - Google Patents
Emission device for emitting electrons, preparation method thereof and electron gun Download PDFInfo
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- CN114464512B CN114464512B CN202210124227.1A CN202210124227A CN114464512B CN 114464512 B CN114464512 B CN 114464512B CN 202210124227 A CN202210124227 A CN 202210124227A CN 114464512 B CN114464512 B CN 114464512B
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- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J23/06—Electron or ion guns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/12—Vessels; Containers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/18—Assembling together the component parts of electrode systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
An emission device for emitting electrons, a method for manufacturing the same, and an electron gun. An emission device for emitting electrons, comprising a main body portion, comprising: the electrode positioning rings have the same axial length and are coaxially sleeved in sequence, and each electrode positioning ring comprises a central positioning ring positioned at the center, an outer positioning ring positioned at the outermost side and a plurality of middle positioning rings positioned between the central positioning ring and the outer positioning ring; and at least three ceramic rings respectively arranged between two adjacent electrode positioning rings; a cathode heat shield assembly mounted in the central positioning ring; the control electrode is arranged on the central positioning ring; at least one anode disposed on the intermediate positioning ring; and an end cap coupled to the outer positioning ring, the control electrode and the anode extending into a receiving groove of the end cap facing the body portion.
Description
Technical Field
At least one embodiment of the invention relates to an electron gun, in particular to an emission device for emitting electrons, a preparation method thereof and the electron gun.
Background
With the continuous development of vacuum electronic technology, the requirements on the performance of the traveling wave tube in the military electronic industry and the civil industry are also higher and higher. Traveling wave tubes have an irreplaceable position in the related industry as a high-power broadband microwave source and an important microwave signal amplifier. The development of modern satellite communication, space communication, phased array radar and other technologies also puts higher demands on the travelling wave tube from the aspects of high wave band, long service life, high reliability and the like.
Currently, the great difficulty of the manufacturing process has become a core problem limiting the application of the device. Because of the characteristics of high power, high frequency and the like of the traveling wave tube, no other device can be replaced at present. The traveling wave tube works by using a mechanism of interaction between a high-frequency electromagnetic field and an electron beam, and the electron gun is a basic component for generating the electron beam in the traveling wave tube and forming the electron beam, and the structural design of the electron gun determines that the gun body has to have good geometric accuracy, insulating property, assembly efficiency, vacuum tightness, weight, volume and the like to meet the design requirements. Therefore, the method has very important significance for researching the electron gun of the traveling wave tube.
However, with the existing electron gun, the electron gun for the traveling wave tube is very sensitive to the parameter changes of the cathode, the anode and the focusing electrode along with the increase of the working frequency, which puts very high demands on the processing and the assembly of the electron gun.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides for at least partially solving at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.
As one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an emission device for emitting electrons, including:
a body portion comprising:
the electrode positioning rings have the same axial length and are coaxially sleeved in sequence, and each electrode positioning ring comprises a central positioning ring positioned at the center, an outer positioning ring positioned at the outermost side and a plurality of middle positioning rings positioned between the central positioning ring and the outer positioning ring; and
at least three ceramic rings respectively arranged between two adjacent electrode positioning rings;
a cathode heat shield assembly mounted in the centering ring;
the control electrode is arranged on the center positioning ring;
at least one anode disposed on the intermediate positioning ring; and
and an end cover coupled to the outer positioning ring, the control electrode and the anode extending into a receiving groove of the end cover facing the main body portion.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cathode heat shield assembly includes:
a cathode assembly adapted to generate electrons; and
a heat shield assembly adapted to support the cathode assembly is disposed within the lower end of the centering ring.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the center positioning ring and the intermediate positioning ring are electrically connected to the control electrode and the anode by spot welding, respectively, and the end cap is coupled to the outer positioning ring by spot welding.
According to an embodiment of the invention, each of the outer and intermediate positioning rings is provided with a first boss protruding radially inwards towards a respective one of the ceramic rings;
each of the ceramic rings is provided with a second boss projecting radially inwardly toward a corresponding one of the intermediate or center locating rings.
According to an embodiment of the invention, each of said first bosses is joined to a respective one of the ceramic rings by an in-furnace brazing process,
each of the second bosses is joined to a corresponding one of the intermediate or center locating rings using an in-furnace brazing process.
According to an embodiment of the invention, a plurality of vent holes are arranged on the vertical wall of each electrode positioning ring.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the center of the end cover, the anode and the anode control electrode is provided with an axially extending emitting hole.
As another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electron gun including:
a mounting base; and
the launch device of any one of the preceding embodiments mounted on the mount.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the mount comprises:
a base, in which a chamber is formed;
a sealed cylinder body mounted on the base, the lower end of the cylinder body being communicated with the chamber, an end cap of the launching device being coupled to the upper end of the cylinder body, the body portion of the launching device extending into the cylinder body;
a cathode heat shield assembly extending from a lower end of a center positioning ring of the emission device into the center positioning ring; and
and the external terminals are respectively and electrically connected with the cathode heat shield assembly and the middle positioning ring.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, each of the external terminals includes:
a ceramic body mounted on the base; and
and one end of the conductor penetrates through the ceramic body and is electrically connected with an external matched conductor, and the other end of the conductor is electrically connected with a corresponding cathode heat shield assembly or an intermediate electrode positioning ring.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the end cap is provided with a radially outwardly projecting annular flange which abuts and sealingly engages the upper end of the barrel.
As a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing the transmitting device according to any one of the preceding embodiments, comprising the steps of:
providing a sealing mold, the sealing mold comprising:
two cylindrical support seats;
a plurality of positioning posts protruding from the inner side of at least one of the two support seats, the plurality of positioning posts being arranged on a plurality of coaxially arranged circumferences; and
the positioning screw rod passes through the supporting seat to be arranged;
placing one end of a plurality of electrode positioning rings and one end of a ceramic ring on one of the support seats, so that positioning posts positioned on the same circumference are inserted between adjacent electrode positioning rings and support the ceramic ring to position the electrode positioning rings and the ceramic ring in a radial direction, and passing the positioning screw through a central positioning ring;
presetting welding flux at the joint of the adjacent electrode positioning ring and the ceramic ring;
the other of the two supporting seats is arranged at the other end of the electrode positioning ring, and the two ends of the positioning screw rod are locked through nuts, so that the two supporting seats position the electrode positioning ring and the ceramic ring in the axial direction and form a primary main body part;
placing the primary main body part in a welding furnace for first welding to form a main body part; and
and sequentially assembling the control electrode, the anode and the end cover on the main body part through secondary welding, wherein the control electrode and the anode are respectively welded to the central positioning ring and the middle positioning ring.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the control electrode, anode and end cap are assembled to the main body portion in this order by a second welding:
providing a coaxiality adjusting device, comprising a positioning cylinder body, wherein a first accommodating part and a second accommodating part are formed in the positioning cylinder body, the inner diameter of the second accommodating part is larger than that of the first accommodating part, and a plurality of positioning holes and welding holes are formed in the vertical wall of the second accommodating part;
inserting at least a portion of a body portion of an emission device into the first receiving portion such that the control electrode, anode, and end cap are located in the second receiving portion;
sequentially buckling protective caps with different sizes on the control electrode, the anode and the end cover; positioning ends of a plurality of positioning devices respectively penetrate through the positioning holes and are abutted against the protective cap, and concentricity of the main body part, the control electrode, the anode and the end cover is adjusted by operating the positioning devices;
and removing the protective cap after the second welding.
According to an embodiment of the invention, after the second welding of the transmitting device is completed, the transmitting device is assembled into the mounting seat, and is combined with the mounting seat in a sealing way through third welding.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the welding manner of the second welding includes laser welding, pulsed argon arc welding, so as to reduce an influence of welding deformation on concentricity of the main body portion.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the set screw is not lower than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the main body portion.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the welding mode of the third welding comprises continuous laser welding, argon arc welding, high-frequency brazing and the like.
According to the transmitting device of the embodiment of the invention, at least four electrode positioning rings which are identical in axial length and coaxially sleeved in sequence are arranged, so that a coplanar positioning surface is obtained when the control electrode, at least one anode and the end cover are assembled, and the sealing and assembling difficulties are reduced; meanwhile, due to the coaxial arrangement of the electrode positioning ring, the control electrode, at least one anode and the end cover have good concentricity after simple adjustment, and the assembly precision is improved.
According to the electron gun provided by the embodiment of the invention, the mounting seat is added and the electron gun is combined with the end cover in an airtight manner, so that the emitting device is not required to be welded in a high power mode, but only is fixed by using simple spot welding, the occurrence of thermal stress and thermal deformation of the emitting device is reduced, and the coaxiality of the cathode, the control electrode, each anode and the end cover is effectively improved. In addition, because the geometric position of the mounting seat can not interfere the emitting hole of the emitting device, when the sealing welding is carried out, the power and parameters of the welding process are easy to adjust and realize, and a complex composite process is converted into a plurality of simple basic processes, so that the geometric precision of the electron gun is improved, and the manufacturing difficulty of the electron gun is reduced.
According to the preparation method of the transmitting device, the plurality of positioning columns are arranged on the supporting seat of the packaging die, so that good coaxial effect can be achieved through simple adjustment of each electrode positioning piece; the sealing mould is assisted by the nut and the positioning screw rod, so that the main body part is in a locking state in the sealing mould to resist the thermal deformation generated in the first welding process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an electron gun according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2A is a schematic perspective view of another view in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2B is a top view of FIG. 2A;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an electron gun in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of a launching device in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of a portion of the flange of FIG. 4A;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a mount in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a body portion in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an electrode positioning ring according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a ceramic ring in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a partial seal mold in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of an assembly of a sealing mold according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an axial cross-sectional view of FIG. 10;
fig. 12 is a schematic perspective view of a coaxiality adjusting device according to an embodiment of the invention; and
fig. 13 is an axial cross-sectional view of fig. 12.
Description of the reference numerals
1: a mounting base;
11: a base;
12: a cylinder;
13: an external terminal;
131: a ceramic body;
132: a conductor;
14: an exhaust pipe;
2: a main body portion;
21: an electrode positioning ring;
211: a first boss;
212: a vent hole;
213: a center positioning ring;
214: a middle positioning ring;
215: an outer positioning ring;
22: a ceramic ring;
221: a second boss;
3: a cathode heat shield assembly;
31: a heat shield assembly;
32: a cathode assembly;
4: a control electrode;
5: an anode;
6: an end cap;
61: a receiving groove;
62: a flange;
7: sealing a mould;
71: a support base;
72: positioning columns;
73: positioning a screw;
74: a nut;
8: coaxiality adjusting device;
81: positioning a cylinder;
811: a first accommodation portion;
812: a second accommodating portion;
813: positioning holes;
814: welding holes;
82: a protective cap;
83: a positioning device; and
9: and an emission hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and/or the like, as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.
All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be construed to have meanings consistent with the context of the present specification and should not be construed in an idealized or overly formal manner.
According to one aspect of the present general inventive concept, there is provided an emission device for emitting electrons, including: a body portion comprising: the electrode positioning rings have the same axial length and are coaxially sleeved in sequence, and each electrode positioning ring comprises a central positioning ring positioned at the center, an outer positioning ring positioned at the outermost side and a plurality of middle positioning rings positioned between the central positioning ring and the outer positioning ring; and at least three ceramic rings respectively arranged between two adjacent electrode positioning rings; a cathode heat shield assembly mounted in the centering ring; the control electrode is arranged on the center positioning ring; at least one anode respectively arranged on the middle positioning ring; and an end cap sealingly coupled to the outer positioning ring, the control electrode and the anode extending into a receiving groove of the end cap facing the main body portion.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electron gun including: a mounting base; and the emission device is arranged on the mounting seat.
According to the inventive concept of a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing a transmitting device based on the foregoing, comprising the steps of:
providing a sealing mold, the sealing mold comprising: two cylindrical support seats; a plurality of positioning posts protruding from the inner side of at least one of the two support seats, the plurality of positioning posts being arranged on a plurality of coaxially arranged circumferences; the positioning screw rod penetrates through the supporting seat to be arranged;
placing one end of a plurality of electrode positioning rings and one end of a ceramic ring on one of the supporting seats, so that positioning columns positioned on the same circumference are inserted between the adjacent electrode positioning rings and ceramic rings to position the electrode positioning rings and ceramic rings in the radial direction, and enabling the positioning screw rod to pass through the central positioning ring;
presetting welding flux at the joint of the adjacent electrode positioning ring and the ceramic ring;
the other of the two supporting seats is arranged at the other end of the electrode positioning ring, and the two ends of the positioning screw rod are locked through nuts, so that the two supporting seats position the electrode positioning ring and the ceramic ring in the axial direction and form a primary main body part;
placing the primary main body part in a welding furnace for first welding to form a main body part; and
and sequentially assembling the control electrode, the anode and the end cover on the main body part through secondary welding, wherein the control electrode and the anode are respectively welded to the central positioning ring and the middle positioning ring.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of an electron gun according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2A is a schematic perspective view of another view in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2B is a top view of FIG. 2A; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an electron gun in an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view of a launching device in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of a portion of the flange of FIG. 4A; fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a body portion in an embodiment of the invention.
According to an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 4A and 4B, there is provided an emission device for emitting electrons, including: a main body 2, a cathode heat shield assembly 3, a control electrode 4, at least one anode 5 and an end cap 6.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a body portion in an embodiment of the invention.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3, 4A and 6, the main body portion 2 includes: at least four cylindrical conductive electrode positioning rings 21, the electrode positioning rings 21 having the same axial length and height and being arranged to be coaxially and sequentially sleeved, the electrode positioning rings 21 including a center positioning ring 213 positioned at the center, an outer positioning ring 215 positioned at the outermost side, and a plurality of intermediate positioning rings 214 positioned between the center positioning ring 213 and the outer positioning ring 215; and at least three cylinder-shaped ceramic rings 22 respectively arranged between two adjacent electrode positioning rings 21, wherein the ceramic rings 22 are arranged to block the electric paths of two adjacent electrode positioning pieces, thereby forming an insulating effect; the axial height of the ceramic ring 22 is lower than that of the electrode positioning member, so that oil pollution caused by false touch in the assembly process can be avoided, and the excellent surface breakdown resistance can be maintained all the time.
Further, the cathode heat shield assembly 3 comprises a cathode assembly 32 adapted to generate electrons, the cathode assembly 32 in turn comprising a cathode and a filament, mounted in said centering ring 213. The control electrode 4 is arranged on said centering ring 213. At least one anode 5 is disposed on the intermediate positioning ring 214, respectively. An end cap 6 is coupled to the outer positioning ring 215, and the control electrode 4 and the anode 5 extend into a receiving groove 61 of the end cap 6 facing the main body 2.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 to 4B, after the filament of the cathode assembly 32 is electrically heated, a large amount of electrons are generated on the surface of the cathode, and the electrons are converged under the action of the high-voltage electric field formed between the cathode and each anode 5 and then emitted to the outside of the electron gun under the action of the control electrode 4.
According to the embodiment of the invention, at least four electrode positioning rings 21 which have the same axial length and are coaxially sleeved in sequence are arranged, so that the control electrode 4, at least one anode 5 and the end cover 6 obtain coplanar positioning surfaces during assembly, and the assembly difficulty is reduced; meanwhile, due to the coaxial arrangement of the electrode positioning ring 21, the control electrode 4, the at least one anode 5 and the end cover 6 have good concentricity after simple adjustment, and the assembly precision is improved.
In an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 3, the number of anodes 5 may comprise one or more, for example a first anode 51, a second anode 52, or even more, each arranged in an upper part of said intermediate positioning ring 214. The number of anodes can be increased or decreased according to production requirements (at least one anode is required to be ensured) to adjust the shape and microscopic path of the electron beam.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in connection with fig. 3 to 4A, the cathode heat shield assembly 3 further includes a heat shield assembly 31 to support the cathode assembly 32, which is disposed inside the lower end of the centering ring 213, in contact with and welded to the main body 2. In one exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4A, the lower end of the centering ring 213 forms a radially outwardly projecting enlarged portion in which the heat shield assembly 31 is received.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in connection with fig. 3 to 4A, the center positioning ring 213 and the middle positioning ring 214 are electrically connected to the control electrode 4 and the anode 5, respectively, by spot welding, and the end cap 6 is connected to the outer positioning ring 215 by spot welding. The welding mode is adopted for connection, the air tightness requirement is avoided, the heat input during welding can be effectively reduced, the welding deformation and the welding stress are further reduced, the defect that the thin-wall structure is easy to deform is avoided, and the concentricity and the coaxiality of the control electrode 4, the anode 5 and the end cover 6 are ensured. In one exemplary embodiment, each anode includes a top portion, and a cylindrical skirt portion extending downward from the top portion, a lower end of the skirt portion being welded to the intermediate positioning ring 214, a center of the top portion forming an emission hole.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an electrode positioning ring according to an embodiment of the invention; fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a ceramic ring in an embodiment of the invention.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in connection with fig. 3-4A and 6-8, each of the outer positioning ring 215 and the intermediate positioning ring 214 is provided with a first boss 211 protruding radially inward toward a corresponding one of the ceramic rings 22; each of said ceramic rings 22 is provided with a second boss 221 protruding radially inwards towards a respective one of the intermediate positioning rings 214 or the central positioning ring 213. By arranging the first boss 211 and the second boss 221, on one hand, a wetting platform and a carrying platform can be provided for the solder, which accords with the preset and flow rule of the solder, and ensures that the melted solder spreads more at the welding seam; on the other hand, the vacuum insulation distance is increased, and the pressure endurance capacity is improved. In one embodiment of the present invention, the outer side of each ceramic ring 22 may further include at least one groove, so as to increase the creepage distance of the ceramic surface, thereby improving the insulation capability and the electrical breakdown resistance.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in connection with fig. 4 and 6, each of the first bosses 211 is coupled to a corresponding one of the ceramic rings 22 using an in-furnace brazing process, and each of the second bosses 221 is coupled to a corresponding one of the intermediate locating rings 214 or the center locating ring 213 using an in-furnace brazing process.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, a plurality of ventilation holes 212 are provided on the vertical wall of each electrode positioning ring 21, and the first boss 211 is divided by the ventilation holes 212, and is adapted to form a channel for axial heat dissipation so as to exhaust gas generated during operation. In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, the center of the end cap 6, the anode 5 and the control electrode 4 is provided with an axially extending emitting hole 9, and each emitting hole is aligned due to good coaxiality. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a mount in an embodiment of the invention.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, as shown in connection with fig. 1 to 5, there is provided an electron gun: comprising the following steps: a mounting base 1; and the launching device of any of the previous embodiments, mounted on the mount 1. The mounting base 1 wraps the transmitting device in a sealed mode, so that a focusing magnetic field from a high-frequency system can be well shielded.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the mounting base 1 includes: a base 11, wherein a chamber is formed in the base 11; a sealed cylinder 12 mounted on the base 11, the lower end of the cylinder 12 communicating with the chamber, the end cap 6 of the emitting device being coupled to the upper end of the cylinder 12, the body 2 of the emitting device extending into the cylinder 12; a cathode heat shield assembly 3 extending from a lower end of a center positioning ring 213 of the emission device into the center positioning ring 213; and a plurality of external terminals 13 electrically connected with the cathode heat shield assembly 3 and the intermediate positioning ring 214, respectively.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the electron gun is additionally provided with the mounting seat 1 and is in airtight combination with the end cover 6, so that the emitting device is not required to be welded with high power, but is only fixed by using simple spot welding, the occurrence of thermal stress and thermal deformation of the emitting device is reduced, and the coaxiality of the control electrode 4 and each anode 5 is effectively improved. In addition, the geometric position of the end cover 6 does not interfere the emitting hole 9 of the emitting device, so that the power and parameters of the welding process are easy to adjust and realize when the sealing welding is carried out, a complex compound process is creatively converted into a plurality of simple basic processes, the geometric precision of the electron gun is improved, and the manufacturing difficulty of the electron gun is reduced.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2A, 2B and 5, each of the external terminals 13 includes a ceramic body 131 and a conductor 132, and the ceramic body 131 is mounted on the base 11 to provide insulation performance, and to effectively avoid arc charging or induction charging; the conductor 132 penetrates through the ceramic body 131, one end of the conductor 132 is electrically connected with an external matched conductor, and the other end of the conductor 132 is electrically connected with the corresponding cathode heat shield assembly 3 or the middle electrode positioning ring 214 so as to directly or indirectly guide electrons of the external terminal 13 into the cathode heat shield assembly 3 or the electrode positioning ring 21. The method comprises the following steps: the electric lamp comprises at least five external terminals 13, wherein conductors 132 of the three external terminals 13 are respectively connected with a first anode 51, a second anode 52 and a control electrode 4 through electrode positioning pieces, and the conductors 132 of the two external terminals 13 are directly connected with a filament and a cathode.
In one embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 5, an exhaust pipe 14 is also included, adapted to direct the gases within the chamber.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in connection with fig. 3 and fig. 4A and 4B, the end cap 6 is provided with a radially outwardly projecting annular flange 62, and the annular flange 62 abuts against the upper end of the barrel 12 and is sealingly engaged with the upper end of the barrel 12. FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a partial seal mold in an embodiment of the invention; FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of an assembly of a sealing mold according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 11 is an axial cross-sectional view of FIG. 10; fig. 12 is a schematic perspective view of a coaxiality adjusting device according to an embodiment of the invention; and fig. 13 is an axial cross-sectional view of fig. 12.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the end cap 6 and the mounting base 1 are designed in a matched manner, including but not limited to the above-mentioned design manner, and may further include that the axial height of the cylinder 12 of the mounting base 1 is higher than the assembled anode height, that is, the main body 2 and the anode 5 can be completely embedded into the cylinder 12 after being assembled and welded, and no accommodating groove exists in the end cap 6.
As a further aspect of the present invention, in conjunction with fig. 9 to 13, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a transmitting device according to any of the foregoing embodiments, including the steps of:
providing a sealing mould 7, the sealing mould 7 comprising: two cylindrical support seats 71, a plurality of positioning posts 72, and positioning screws 73. The positioning posts 72 include ceramic posts of equal height protruding from the inner side of at least one of the two support seats 71, and a plurality of the positioning posts 72 are arranged on a plurality of coaxially arranged circumferences on each of which at least three ceramic posts are arranged for three-post positioning. In addition, each ceramic post not only provides a constant height surface for each ceramic ring 22, but also facilitates insertion or removal during molding or demolding. A set screw 73 is provided through the support base 71.
Thereafter, one ends of the plurality of electrode positioning rings 21 and one end of the ceramic ring 22 are placed on one of the support seats 71 such that the positioning posts 72 located on the same circumference are inserted between the adjacent electrode positioning rings 21 and support the ceramic ring 22 to position the electrode positioning rings 21 and the ceramic ring 22 in the radial direction, and the positioning screws 73 are passed through the center positioning ring 213.
After that, solder is preset at the bonding site of the adjacent electrode positioning ring 21 and ceramic ring 22, namely, the second boss 221 of the ceramic ring 22 and the first boss 211 of the electrode positioning member, and the wetting angle of the solder is increased by the bosses.
After that, the other of the two support seats 71 is placed on the other end of the electrode positioning ring 21, and both ends of the positioning screw 73 are locked by nuts 74, so that the two support seats 71 position the electrode positioning ring 21 and the ceramic ring 22 in the axial direction, and form the preliminary main body portion 2. By the locking action of the sealing die 7, and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the positioning screw 73 is not lower than that of the main body 2, thermal deformation generated at the time of welding is resisted.
After that, the preliminary body portion 2 is placed in a welding furnace to perform first welding. In the first welding process, as the materials and the thermal expansion coefficients of the electrode positioning piece and the ceramic ring 22 are greatly different, in order to avoid the phenomenon of cracking caused by stress concentration, the primary main body part 2 is slowly heated to 900-1100 ℃ along with a welding furnace at a heating rate of 1-3 ℃/min to form the main body part 2; then carrying out heat preservation and braze welding in a furnace, wherein the heat preservation time comprises 8-12 h, and the migration of elements and the diffusion of atoms are ensured through long-time heat preservation so as to realize the stable combination of the main body part 2; after the heat preservation, the main body 2 is gradually cooled, the cooling rate is 0.6-1 ℃/min, and the electrode positioning piece and the ceramic ring 22 have great difference in element composition and phase composition, so that the cooling rate needs to be reduced as much as possible to avoid volume shrinkage caused by excessively fast phase transition due to excessively high cooling rate, and further the situation of cracking of a welding part is caused.
Thereafter, the control electrode 4, the anode 5 and the end cap 6 are assembled to the main body part 2 in this order by a second welding, wherein the control electrode 4 and the anode 5 are welded to the center positioning ring 213 and the intermediate positioning ring 214, respectively.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the plurality of positioning columns are arranged on the supporting seat of the packaging die, so that the electrode positioning pieces can realize a good coaxial effect through simple adjustment; the sealing mould is assisted by the nut and the positioning screw rod, so that the main body part is in a locking state in the sealing mould to resist the thermal deformation generated in the first welding process.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the welding mode of the second welding includes laser welding, pulsed argon arc welding, so as to reduce the influence of welding deformation on the concentricity of the main body 2.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 12 to 13, the control electrode 4, the anode 5, and the end cap 6 are sequentially assembled to the main body 2 by a second welding.
Thereafter, referring to fig. 12 and 13, a coaxiality adjusting apparatus 8 is provided, the coaxiality adjusting apparatus 8 includes a positioning cylinder 81, a first housing 811 and a first housing 812 are formed in the positioning cylinder 81, the first housing 812 has an inner diameter larger than that of the first housing 811, and a plurality of positioning holes 813 and welding holes 814 are formed in a standing wall of the first housing 812.
Thereafter, at least a portion of the body part 2 of the emission device is inserted into the first receiving part 811 such that the control electrode 4, the anode 5, and the end cap 6 are positioned in the first receiving part 812.
Then, the protective caps 82 with different sizes are sequentially buckled on the control electrode 4, the anode 5 and the anode 5 on the end cover 6; positioning ends of a plurality of positioning devices 83 are respectively abutted against the protective cap 82 through the positioning holes 813, and concentricity of the main body 2, the control electrode 4, the anode 5 and the end cover 6 is adjusted by sequentially operating the positioning devices 83.
After that, the protective cap 82 is removed after the second welding.
According to the above embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of different sized protective caps 82 are processed in advance, the main body 2 is placed in the first receiving portion 811, the protective cap 82 adapted to the control electrode 4 is fastened to the control electrode 4, the positioning device 83 is inserted into the first receiving portion 812 through the positioning hole 813 and abuts against the protective cap 82, the feeding distance of the plurality of positioning devices 83 is adjusted to adjust concentricity of the control electrode 4 and the main body 2, after that, the positioning device 83 is fixed, spot welding is performed through the plurality of welding holes 814 and the protective cap 82 is removed. The protective cap 82 of other dimensions is selected and the previous operations are repeated to complete the assembly and welding of the plurality of anodes 5 and end caps 6, eventually obtaining a complete emission device for emitting electrons. After each welding, a cooling period of 5-10 min is set to reduce heat accumulation and influence on concentricity precision.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3 to 4B, after the control electrode 4, the plurality of anodes 5, the end cap 6 and the main body 2 are welded together, they are put into the mounting base 1, and the annular flange 62 of the end cap 6 is sealed and connected with the positioning cylinder 81 of the mounting base 1 by third welding. The welding mode of the third welding comprises continuous laser welding.
In one embodiment of the present invention, after the third welding is completed, the bottom plate of the base 11 of the mounting base 1 is removed to expose the conductors 132 of each external terminal 13, each of the conductors 132 is electrically connected to the control electrode 4, the first anode 51, the second anode 52, the cathode and the filament, and then the bottom plate is mounted and dust and gas in the assembled electron gun are extracted through the exhaust pipe 14 by using the titanium pump, so that the inside of the electron gun is in a vacuum state.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the invention thereto, but to limit the invention thereto, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and equivalents thereof may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (15)
1. An emission device for emitting electrons, comprising:
a main body (2) comprising:
at least four conductive electrode positioning rings (21), wherein the electrode positioning rings (21) have the same axial length and are coaxially sleeved in sequence, and the electrode positioning rings (21) comprise a central positioning ring (213) positioned at the center, an outer positioning ring (215) positioned at the outermost side and a plurality of middle positioning rings (214) positioned between the central positioning ring (213) and the outer positioning ring (215); and
at least three ceramic rings (22) respectively arranged between two adjacent electrode positioning rings (21); wherein each of the outer positioning ring (215) and the intermediate positioning ring (214) is provided with a first boss (211) protruding radially inwards towards a respective one of the ceramic rings (22), each of the ceramic rings (22) is provided with a second boss (221) protruding radially inwards towards a respective one of the intermediate positioning rings (214) or the central positioning ring (213), wherein each of the first bosses (211) is joined to a respective one of the ceramic rings (22) by an in-furnace brazing process, and each of the second bosses (221) is joined to a respective one of the intermediate positioning rings (214) or the central positioning ring (213) by an in-furnace brazing process;
-a cathode heat shield assembly (3) mounted in said centering ring (213);
a control electrode (4) arranged on the central positioning ring (213);
at least one anode (5) arranged on the intermediate positioning ring; and
an end cap (6) coupled to the outer positioning ring, the control electrode (4) and the anode (5) extending into a receiving groove (61) of the end cap (6) facing the main body portion (2).
2. The emission device according to claim 1, wherein the cathode heat shield assembly (3) comprises:
a cathode assembly (32) adapted to generate electrons; and
a heat shield assembly (31) adapted to support the cathode assembly (32) is disposed inwardly of the lower end of the centering ring (213).
3. The transmitting device according to claim 1, wherein the central positioning ring (213) and the intermediate positioning ring (214) are electrically connected to the control electrode (4) and the anode (5), respectively, in a spot-welded manner, and the end cap (6) is joined to the outer positioning ring in a spot-welded manner.
4. The emitter device according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of vent holes (212) are provided in the vertical wall of each electrode positioning ring.
5. A transmitting device according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the centre of the end cap (6), anode (5), control electrode (4) is provided with an axially extending transmitting aperture (9).
6. An electron gun, comprising:
a mounting base (1); and
the transmitting device according to any one of claims 1-5, being mounted on the mount (1).
7. The electron gun of claim 6, wherein the mount comprises:
a base (11), wherein a chamber is formed in the base (11);
a sealed cylinder (12) mounted on the base (11), the lower end of the cylinder (12) being in communication with the chamber, an end cap (6) of the launching device being coupled to the upper end of the cylinder (12), the body (2) of the launching device extending into the cylinder (12);
-a cathode heat shield assembly (3) extending from a lower end of a centering ring (213) of the emitting device into the centering ring (213); and
and the external terminals (13) are respectively and electrically connected with the cathode heat shield assembly (3) and the middle positioning ring (214).
8. The electron gun according to claim 7, wherein each of the external terminals comprises:
a ceramic body (131) mounted on the base (11); and
and a conductor (132) penetrates through the ceramic body (131), one end of the conductor (132) is electrically connected with an externally connected matched conductor, and the other end of the conductor is electrically connected with a corresponding cathode heat shield assembly (3) or an intermediate electrode positioning ring.
9. An electron gun according to claim 7, wherein the end cap (6) is provided with a radially outwardly projecting annular flange (62), said annular flange (62) abutting against and sealingly engaging the upper end of the barrel (12).
10. A method of manufacturing an emission device according to any one of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:
-providing a sealing mould (7), the sealing mould (7) comprising:
two cylindrical support seats (71);
a plurality of positioning posts (72) protruding from the inner side of at least one of the two support seats (71), the plurality of positioning posts (72) being arranged on a plurality of coaxially arranged circumferences; and
a positioning screw (73) which passes through the supporting seat (71);
placing one end of a plurality of electrode positioning rings (21) and one end of a ceramic ring (22) on one of the support seats (71) such that positioning posts (72) located on the same circumference are inserted between adjacent electrode positioning rings (21) and support the ceramic ring (22) to position the electrode positioning rings (21) and the ceramic ring (22) in a radial direction, and passing the positioning screw (73) through a center positioning ring;
presetting welding flux at the joint of the adjacent electrode positioning ring (21) and the ceramic ring (22);
placing the other of the two supporting seats (71) on the other end of the electrode positioning ring (21), and locking the two ends of the positioning screw (73) through nuts (74), so that the two supporting seats (71) position the electrode positioning ring (21) and the ceramic ring (22) in the axial direction and form a primary main body part;
placing the preliminary body part in a welding furnace for first welding to form a body part (2); and
the control electrode (4), the anode (5) and the end cover (6) are assembled to the main body part (2) in sequence through secondary welding, wherein the control electrode (4) and the anode (5) are welded to the central positioning ring and the middle positioning ring respectively.
11. The manufacturing method according to claim 10, wherein the control electrode (4), anode (5) and end cap (6) are assembled to the main body portion (2) in this order by a second welding:
providing a coaxiality adjusting device (8), comprising a positioning cylinder body (81), wherein a first accommodating part (811) and a second accommodating part (812) are formed in the positioning cylinder body, the inner diameter of the second accommodating part (812) is larger than that of the first accommodating part (811), and a plurality of positioning holes (813) and welding holes (814) are formed in the vertical wall of the second accommodating part;
inserting at least a portion of a main body portion (2) of an emission device into the first housing portion (811) such that the control electrode (4), anode (5) and end cap (6) are located in the second housing portion (812);
the protective caps (82) with different sizes are sequentially buckled on the control electrode (4), the anode (5) and the end cover (6); positioning ends of a plurality of positioning devices (83) respectively pass through the positioning holes (813) to be abutted against the protective cap (82), and the concentricity of the main body part (2), the control electrode (4), the anode (5) and the end cover (6) is adjusted by operating the positioning devices (83);
the protective cap (82) is removed after the second weld.
12. The preparation method according to claim 11, wherein after the second welding of the transmitting device is completed, the transmitting device is assembled into a mounting seat (1), and is hermetically combined with the mounting seat (1) through third welding.
13. The method of manufacturing according to claim 10, wherein the welding means of the second welding comprises laser welding, pulsed argon arc welding, to reduce the effect of welding deformation on the concentricity of the body portion (2).
14. The production method according to claim 10, wherein the positioning screw (73) has a thermal expansion coefficient not lower than that of the main body portion.
15. The method according to claim 12, wherein the third welding comprises continuous laser welding, argon arc welding, and high-frequency brazing.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210124227.1A CN114464512B (en) | 2022-02-10 | 2022-02-10 | Emission device for emitting electrons, preparation method thereof and electron gun |
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| CN202210124227.1A CN114464512B (en) | 2022-02-10 | 2022-02-10 | Emission device for emitting electrons, preparation method thereof and electron gun |
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| US20030098638A1 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2003-05-29 | Beech Paul L. | Short arc lamp with improved housing structure |
| US7550909B2 (en) * | 2005-09-13 | 2009-06-23 | L-3 Communications Corporation | Electron gun providing improved thermal isolation |
| CN201893313U (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-07-06 | 安徽华东光电技术研究所 | Positive pole control electron gun applied in millimeter-wave travelling wave tube |
| CN203553091U (en) * | 2013-09-24 | 2014-04-16 | 南京三乐电子信息产业集团有限公司 | Highly reliable electronic gun with long service life |
| CN106887372B (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2018-11-09 | 南京三乐集团有限公司 | K-band high efficiency continuous wave space travelling wave tube |
| CN107240539B (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2023-05-16 | 湖北汉光科技股份有限公司 | 65MW high-power klystron |
| CN209216912U (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-08-06 | 南京三乐集团有限公司 | A kind of miniaturized electron gun |
| CN111489945B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2023-04-18 | 安徽华东光电技术研究所有限公司 | Structure and assembly method of electron gun for cyclotron |
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| US3043985A (en) * | 1959-03-18 | 1962-07-10 | Eitel Mccullough Inc | Reflex klystron |
| US4091311A (en) * | 1976-12-17 | 1978-05-23 | United Technologies Corporation | Modulatable, hollow beam electron gun |
| CN109285745A (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2019-01-29 | 刘梅 | A kind of Dual-anode magnetic control electronic gun with adjustable cathode |
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| CN114464512A (en) | 2022-05-10 |
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