CN114457036A - 一种具有人视网膜分化潜能的红色荧光标记细胞及其构建方法 - Google Patents
一种具有人视网膜分化潜能的红色荧光标记细胞及其构建方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有人视网膜分化潜能的红色荧光标记细胞及其构建方法,包括将红色荧光蛋白表达框插入到人干细胞基因组中的步骤。本发明通过设计打靶载体和相关的分子遗传操作,构建了一种红色荧光标记的胚胎干细胞系,该细胞系可经3D培养诱导分化为表达tdTomato红色荧光的视网膜类器官。得到的视网膜类器官同人类正常视网膜的神经细胞组成一致且发育的时间和空间顺序接近于正常的人类视网膜。该细胞系是一种强大的工具,可帮助实现人类视网膜发育和疾病产生的相关研究,并促进致盲疾病治疗方法的开发。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及基因工程领域,具体涉及一种具有人视网膜分化潜能的红色荧光标记细胞及其构建方法。
背景技术
视网膜退行性疾病包括遗传性视网膜变性、年龄相关性黄斑变性等。光感受器功能障碍和丧失是视网膜退行性疾病的主要原因之一。由于人类视网膜中的光感受器不可再生,视网膜退行性疾病会导致视杆和视锥细胞的永久性丧失。
目前临床上尚无针对视网膜退行性疾病的有效治疗方法。尤其是,视网膜退行性疾病的晚期阶段,在光感受器细胞已经大量丧失的情况下,目前的研究热点基因治疗和基因编辑方法均不适用。以恢复视网膜光敏性为目的的替代策略正处于探索阶段,包括光遗传工具、光感受器移植等。
光感受器移植是指将供体光感受器细胞移植到视网膜下腔从而补充替换已丧失的光感受器细胞,可以替代晚期视网膜变性中丢失的细胞,是一种很有前途的再生策略。影响其治疗效果的其中一个重要因素就是供体细胞的来源,确定合适的供体细胞类型和来源是至关重要的。
供体细胞由原代细胞或组织,发展到通过2D培养系统获得可移植的光感受器前体细胞,最终发展到今日通过3D培养技术获得视网膜类器官作为供体细胞来源。
CRISPR/Cas是原核生物的一种免疫系统,最早于1987年被发现,随后,CRISPR/Cas系统被运用成一种高效的基因编辑工具,成为第三代基因组定点编辑技术。2013年时,研究人员成功地使用CRISPR/Cas系统编辑了哺乳动物细胞的基因组。由于其应用成本低,操作方便,效率高,一经出现便成为基因组定点编辑的热门技术。
光感受器的发育和维持需要精确调控的基因表达,这种调节是由以CRX为中心的光感受器转录因子网络介导的,CRX是一种同源结构域转录因子。CRX是光感受器前体细胞的分子标志物,其可以作为筛选适合移植的光感受器前体细胞的途径,TdTomato是一种信号非常强的红色荧光蛋白,其对细胞和小鼠没有明显的毒性,是非常理想的细胞成像工具。
发明内容
发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种构建具有人视网膜分化潜能的红色荧光标记细胞的方法,包括将红色荧光蛋白表达框插入到人干细胞基因组中的步骤。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述红色荧光蛋白为tdTomato。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述人干细胞为H9细胞。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
S1:构建打靶载体,所述打靶载体包含所述红色荧光蛋白表达框和筛选用的抗性基因;
S2:通过CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统将所述打靶载体插入到hES-ZLM-001的第四外显子的终止密码子前;
S3:消除所述抗性基因。
在一个具体实施方案中,所述CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统中sgRNA的左侧向导序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示,右侧向导序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
在一个具体实施方案中,通过在所述打靶载体中搭载CreERT2系统来消除所述抗性基因。
本发明还提供了上述方法构建得到的具有人视网膜分化潜能的红色荧光标记细胞。
本发明通过设计打靶载体和相关的分子遗传操作,构建了一种红色荧光标记的胚胎干细胞系,该细胞系可经3D培养诱导分化为表达tdTomato红色荧光的视网膜类器官。得到的视网膜类器官同人类正常视网膜的神经细胞组成一致且发育的时间和空间顺序接近于正常的人类视网膜。该细胞系是一种强大的工具,可帮助实现人类视网膜发育和疾病产生的相关研究,并促进致盲疾病治疗方法的开发。
附图说明
图1为CRISPR/Cas9介导CRX-tdTomato-iCreERT2人胚胎干细胞系构建流程图;
图2为sgRNA引物活性检测统计图;
图3为打靶载体质粒图;
图4为打靶载体酶切后的电泳照片;
图5为各细胞克隆不同引物扩增产物的琼脂糖凝胶电泳照片;
图6为各细胞系流式细胞分析;
图7为细胞爬片免疫荧光染色(标尺=100μm);
图8为核型分析结果;
图9为胚胎干细胞培养及诱导分化流程;
图10为光学显微镜观察CRX-tdTomato-iCreERT2人胚胎干细胞系的体外自发分化(标尺=200μm);
图11为不同发育阶段视网膜类器官tdTomato荧光表达情况(标尺=100μm)。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释发明,并非用于限定发明的范围。
1、CRISPR/Cas9介导红色荧光报告人胚胎干细胞系的构建
对H9细胞系靶位点序列进行PCR扩增并测序验证,确认其是否与Genebank DNA序列数据库和Ensembl基因组数据库中所给序列一致。如图1所示,在hES-ZLM-001基因Exon4和3’UTR之间终止密码子前插入P2A-tdTomato-P2A-iCreERT2,利用CRISPR/Cas9技术制备hES-ZLM-001敲进H9细胞系。
基于sgRNA的设计原则,在靶位点区域共设计多条sgRNA,sgRNA信息见表1。并检测sgRNA活性。
表1 sgRNA向导序列列表
将293T细胞铺种96孔板,37℃,5%CO2环境下培养,待密度为80%-90%时进行转染实验。通过Lipofectamine 2000将pCS-sgRNA和pUCA-MSD共转染进293T细胞中。分设空白对照组:不加pCS-sgRNA和pUCA-MSD;阴性对照组:加pUCA-MSD;阳性对照组:加阳性含有已知活性sgRNA的pCS-sgRNA和pUCA-MSD;实验组:加含有需要进行活性检测sgRNA的pCS-sgRNA和pUCA-MSD,各3个重复。37℃,5%CO2环境下培养20-24小时。取上清,通过LucBuffer I(10x),Luc Buffer II(10x)和1mM腔肠素介导的萤火虫荧光信号显示体系处理,利用酶标仪检测各孔细胞上清液萤火虫荧光信号的强度。
结果如图2所示,5’端sgRNA中,sgRNA1、sgRNA2、sgRNA8活性较高。3’端sgRNA中,sgRNA11、sgRNA12、sgRNA13活性较高。选择XXXsgRNA进行下一步实验。
根据选择的sgRNA构建打靶载体,经过酶切鉴定和测序,确认打靶载体构建完成。图3示出了打靶载体质粒图,图4示出了打靶载体酶切后的电泳图谱,结果显示,打靶载体酶切片段大小符合预期,说明打靶载体构建正确。
将打靶载体电转H9细胞系后,进行药物筛选、阳性克隆富集。设计引物同时扩增野生型和突变等位基因。挑单克隆进行PCR测序,根据测序结果和测序峰图判断具体基因型:纯合/杂合/野生型,得到未去抗性敲进阳性克隆。
将未去抗性阳性克隆消化为单细胞,使用电转缓冲液悬浮单细胞,使其浓度为1x104个/μl。取100μl单细胞悬液,加入10μg pCAG-iCre载体,于1100V,40ms,1pulse的参数下进行电转。电转后的细胞于37℃,5%CO2环境下培养。48小时后进行更昔洛韦药物筛选。所得克隆再次进行PCR测序,最终得到去抗性敲进阳性克隆。结果如图5所示,得到了一些去抗性敲除阳性克隆,综合考虑PCR结果及细胞株状态后,最终筛选出4个去抗性敲进阳性克隆,分别标记为:1-A07,1-B06,1-C06,1-C07。
2、流式细胞分析验证细胞系干性
分别向H9细胞系及1-A07、1-B06、1-C06、1-C07细胞系的培养皿内加入EDTA消化液,孵育6-8分钟,1200rpm离心5分钟,去上清,用DPBS培养基重悬细胞,细胞计数。根据细胞计数结果计算取液量,将细胞悬液转移至离心管内,保证每个离心管内细胞数为1~5x107个,H9细胞悬液转移至两个离心管中,1-A07、1-B06、1-C06、1-C07细胞悬液分别转移至一个离心管中。将离心管内的细胞悬液1200rpm离心5分钟,去上清,用质量分数4%PFA在4℃固定1小时,1200rpm离心5分钟去上清,PBS清洗后1200rpm离心5分钟去上清;用体积分数4%BSA和2%TRI在4℃封闭过夜,1200rpm离心5分钟去上清;一管H9细胞悬液及1-A07、1-B06、1-C06、1-C07细胞悬液内加入OCT4一抗,4℃孵育24小时,1200rpm离心5分钟去上清,PBS清洗后1200rpm离心5分钟去上清;向6个离心管内加相应荧光标记二抗,4℃避光孵育过夜,1200rpm离心5分钟去上清,PBS清洗后1200rpm离心5分钟去上清。用PBS重悬细胞,200目尼龙网过滤后将其转移至流式管中,上机检测。
两管H9细胞分别作为阳性对照组和阴性对照组,1-A07、1-B06、1-C06、1-C07细胞作为实验组,观察其OCT4阳性细胞比例。
结果如图6所示,阴性对照组的OCT4+细胞占0.241%,阳性对照组为99.6%。1-A07、1-B06、1-C06、1-C07实验组中,OCT4+细胞比率分别为98.7%、99%、99.5%和98.6%,说明四个实验组的细胞系干性均良好。
3、细胞爬片免疫荧光染色验证细胞系干性
首先进行爬片的准备。将24mm x 24mm盖玻片置于浓硫酸中过夜,次日用自来水冲洗后放入无水乙醇中浸泡6小时,冲洗后高压消毒并烘干;将爬片放入0.1mg/ml多聚赖氨酸溶液浸泡5分钟,晾干备用。向人ESCs的培养皿内加入EDTA消化液,孵育6-8分钟,1200rpm离心5分钟去上清,用mTeSR1培养基重悬细胞,密度约为3.5x105个/ml;将处理好的玻片放入六孔板内,将细胞悬液逐滴滴到玻片上,放入培养箱培养,待细胞达到70%-80%融合时,吸去培养基,使用质量分数4%PFA固定20分钟,PBS清洗;用体积分数0.5%TRI室温通透20分钟,PBS漂洗;用体积分数10%BSA和0.5%TRI在4℃封闭30分钟,吸去封闭液;加入SOX2、NANOG、SSEA4一抗,4℃孵育过夜,PBS漂洗;加相应荧光标记二抗,37℃避光孵育30分钟,PBS清洗;加DAPI溶液,避光染核5分钟,PBS漂洗后使用抗荧光淬灭封片剂封片。在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察细胞中各分子标志物的表达情况。
结果如图7所示,制备的红色荧光报告人胚胎干细胞可成功表达干细胞标志物SOX2、NANOG、SSEA4,表明细胞系干性良好,可用于增殖、分化等培养。
4、核型分析
镜下观察细胞状态、密度,细胞数量占整个培养皿70%~80%时,于含0.2μg/ml秋水仙素的mTeSR1培养基中37℃培养2小时。向培养皿内加入EDTA消化液孵育6~8分钟,1200rpm离心5分钟去上清,用mTeSR1培养基重悬并轻轻吹散均匀。经低渗处理、预固定、固定后,吸取细胞悬液,滴至预冷的载玻片,室温下干燥。滴加Giemsa工作液,孵育20~30分钟后自来水冲洗终止染色并烘干,使用封片剂封片。在光学显微镜下观察细胞核,使用Chromosome Analysis Suite Software进行细胞核型分析。
结果如图8所示,制备的红色荧光报告人胚胎干细胞系染色体数量和形态无异常。
5、人胚胎干细胞经3D培养诱导分化为视网膜类器官
将上述细胞系进行3D培养诱导分化为视网膜类器官,诱导流程如下如图9所示。
取6ml D-MEM/F12与100μl基质胶于15ml离心管中,充分混匀,取1ml加入培养皿。把培养皿放到培养箱里,静置30分钟,吸去液体,加入1ml mTeSR1培养基和2μl Y-27632HCl。待水浴锅升温至37℃,从液氮罐中取出冻存的胚胎干细胞,将冻存管在水浴锅中晃动速溶。取5ml mTeSR1于15ml离心管,加入干细胞液混匀。200g离心5分钟,弃上清。取1mlmTeSR1重悬细胞后转移至培养皿,摇匀。
镜下观察细胞的状态、密度后,放入培养箱。之后每隔24小时取出培养皿,在镜下观察细胞状态、密度后,吸去培养基,加入1ml DPBS,摇晃后吸去液体,洗去其中悬浮的死细胞。加入2ml mTeSR1培养基后放回培养箱。待人胚胎干细胞融合度达到70%-80%时进行诱导分化。诱导分化人胚胎干细胞,将人胚胎干细胞酶解成单细胞,用含Y-27632的Medium I培养基重悬细胞,置于3D细胞培养96孔板中,细胞接种密度为9000个/孔,每孔100μl。当天记录为分化第0天;分化第2天向每孔加入质量分数1%基质胶;分化第6天用不含Y-27632的Medium I培养基更换孔内一半原培养基;分化第12天将每孔内的拟胚体转移到细菌培养皿中,使用含1%基质胶的Medium II培养基继续培养;分化第18天将拟胚体切割成4~5小块后,转移到新的细菌培养皿中,使用含视黄酸的Medium III培养基继续培养,之后每7天换液1次。分化第100天时,开始使用不含视黄酸的Medium III培养基。Medium I、II、III培养基分别对应图中分化第0天至第12天、分化第12天至第18天、分化第18天以后所用培养基。
细胞形态如图10所示,培养4天后,可见细胞互相连接连成一片,细胞之间呈致密连接(图10A)。分化第2天,细胞聚集成一球状,球状细胞团位于孔中央底部,周围有部分散在细胞(图10B)。分化第6天,细胞聚集成一致密球状,较之前体积增大,周围散在细胞基本消失,边缘处较其他部分略微透明(图10C)。分化第12天,球状拟胚体体积较之前进一步增大,边缘处出现突起的半透明小囊泡结构(图10D)。分化第18天切割后的拟胚体(图10E)。分化第21天,被切割后的小囊泡逐渐形成视杯,且视杯体积逐渐增大(图10F)。分化后第30天,视网膜类器官基本形成,较透亮,呈淡黄色,并逐渐增大(图10G)。分化第45天和第60天,视网膜类器官逐渐增大(图10H-I)。分化后第75天,视网膜类器官呈中央厚,边缘稍薄(图10J)。分化第150天和第165天,视网膜类器官形态、体积无明显变化(图10K-L)。上述显微照片表明,我们制备的细胞株可顺利经诱导分化为视网膜类器官,并长期维持培养。
不同发育阶段视网膜类器官tdTomato荧光表达情况如图11所示,分化第30天,在类器官深层开始出现少量tdTomato荧光表达(图11A)。分化第45天,中深层有tdTomato荧光表达(图11B)。分化第60天,在类器官顶层出现少量tdTomato荧光表达(图11C)。分化75、90、105、120、135和150天,类器官tdTomato荧光逐渐增强(图11D-I)。分化165天,类器官tdTomato荧光无明显变化(图11J)。分化第60天,类器官冰冻切片tdTomato荧光表达主要分布于中深层,少量分布于顶层(图11K)。上述结果表明,我们制备的细胞株经诱导分化得到的视网膜类器官可成功表达tdTomato红色荧光,且红色荧光大部分分布于视网膜类器官顶层,符合正常人视网膜中光感受器前体细胞分布规律,可用于指示该经诱导分化得到的视网膜类器官中的光感受器前体细胞。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了发明的实施例,可以理解的是,上述实施例是示例性的,不能理解为对发明的限制,本领域的普通技术人员在发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。
Claims (7)
1.一种构建具有人视网膜分化潜能的红色荧光标记细胞的方法,其特征在于,包括将红色荧光蛋白表达框插入到人干细胞基因组中的步骤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述红色荧光蛋白为tdTomato。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述人干细胞为H9细胞。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:构建打靶载体,所述打靶载体包含所述红色荧光蛋白表达框和筛选用的抗性基因;
S2:通过CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统将所述打靶载体插入到hES-ZLM-001的第四外显子的终止密码子前;
S3:消除所述抗性基因。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统中sgRNA的左侧向导序列如SEQ ID NO:8所示,右侧向导序列如SEQ ID NO:12所示。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,通过在所述打靶载体中搭载CreERT2系统来消除所述抗性基因。
7.一种具有人视网膜分化潜能的红色荧光标记细胞,其特征在于,通过权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法构建得到。
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