CN114456079A - 一种荧光探针化合物、制备方法及作为超氧阴离子指示剂的应用 - Google Patents
一种荧光探针化合物、制备方法及作为超氧阴离子指示剂的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明属于荧光探针化合物技术领域,具体涉及一种荧光探针化合物Cellmembrane-O2 ·-、所述荧光探针的制备方法及其作为超氧阴离子指示剂的应用。
背景技术
公开该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解,而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
细胞内氧化还原平衡对维持机体生命活动的正常进行具有重要作用。细胞内的活性氧(ROS)例如超氧阴离子自由基(O2 ·-),单线态氧(1O2),过氧化氢(H2O2)等,在各项生命活动的调节过程中起着关键性的作用。O2 ·-是单电子还原后产生的第一个ROS分子,而且O2 ·-可以转换为其他ROS,是其他ROS的前体,在各种生理过程的调节中起着至关重要的作用。有机体内的O2 ·-在正常生理条件下参与信号调控,例如参与细胞增殖、分化等生理过程。但是,当机体氧化还原稳态失衡,O2 ·-浓度异常升高,将会导致细胞损伤,甚至死亡。
细胞膜作为一种将细胞与外界环境分隔开的边界,存在包括信号转导和生物分子转运在内的许多生理过程。细胞膜又称质膜,是活细胞与其周围环境的分界线,是阻止外界物质自由进出细胞的第一道屏障。许多生理过程包括信号转导和生物分子转运都发生在细胞膜上,它是细胞的重要组成部分,起到控制物质的进出,维持细胞完整性的作用。细胞膜在许多生命活动中起着重要作用,包括细胞融合和分裂、粘附和迁移、细胞内和细胞间通讯、细胞凋亡等。因此有必要对细胞膜进行研究和成像。
当机体处在正常的生理条件下,细胞膜上低浓度的O2 ·-能够起到防御病毒入侵以及参与蛋白质磷酸化的信号通路调节等作用,高浓度的O2 ·-能够使细胞膜脂质分子发生脂质过氧化,造成细胞损伤,从而导致多种疾病的发生。因此细胞膜上的O2 ·-在疾病的发生发展过程中发挥着重要作用。由于O2 ·-具有半衰期短、浓度低、活性强的特点,使其在生物样品中难以实现精准且灵敏的测量,因此发展一种有效的工具进行原位实时可视化细胞膜上O2 ·-浓度的动态变化对于揭示氧化应激相关疾病的病理过程具有重要意义,有助于推进O2 ·-在生物体内相关信号传导及通路的研究和疾病的早期诊断,为临床病理检测提供可靠数据。因此设计开发成像细胞膜O2 ·-的荧光探针是具有重要的指导意义的。
发明内容
针对上述现有的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种用于动态、可逆、灵敏、实时检测O2 ·-具有靶向细胞膜能力的荧光探针。本发明所述的荧光探针具有合成简单、易于分离与纯化、对O2 ·-的检测具有操作简单、高选择性、高灵敏度的优点。
基于上述技术目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明第一方面,提供具有如下式Ⅰ所示结构的荧光探针化合物,
上述式Ⅰ所示结构的荧光探针化合物(Cell membrane-O2 ·-)作为荧光探针在检测O2 ·-中的原理为:荧光探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-和O2 ·-反应时,探针结构中的邻苯二酚会O2 ·-氧化生成邻苯二醌。酚醌互变导致光诱导电子转移(PET)现象消失,荧光强度增强,荧光在490nm处发射增加,实现对O2 ·-瞬时、灵敏检测。反应后的荧光探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-在还原性物质的作用下醌式结构被重新还原为酚式结构,实现对O2 ·-动态、可逆检测。
另外,上述化合物荧光探针化合物的具体实例中,所述化合物结构为
所述X-选自卤素负离子(F-、Cl-、Br-、I-),或酸根(如HSO4 -、RCOO-等)。
本发明第二方面,提供第一方面所述荧光探针化合物的制备方法,以咖啡酸、三乙胺、3-溴丙基三甲基溴化铵为原料,按照如下反应路线进行反应制备:
上述制备方法在碱性条件下进行,优选的,所述实施方式中,所述制备方法还需要加入碱性催化剂,如三乙胺或碳酸钾,效果较好的实施方式中,所述碱性催化剂为三乙胺,三乙胺为反应提供碱性反应条件的同时,还能够和3-溴丙基三甲基溴化铵形成活化羧基的中间体。
上述实施方式效果较好的方案中,所述三乙胺与3-溴丙基三甲基溴化铵的摩尔比为1:1~1.1。
另外,加热的方式也可以促进上述羧基活化中间体的生成,所述加热温度为70~90℃,进一步的,为75~85℃,具体的,为78℃、79℃、80℃、81℃或82℃;所述加热反应的时间为5~7h,进一步的,为5.5~6.5h。
上述制备方法中,所述咖啡酸与3-溴丙基三甲基溴化铵的投料比例为1:1~3。传统的羧酸和卤代烷的合成工艺中投料比多为1:1,但本发明研究过程中发现,增加3-溴丙基三甲基溴化铵的含量有助于提高羧基中间体的浓度,从而提高产率;实验中证实当3-溴丙基三甲基溴化铵的投料量达到咖啡酸的2.5倍时,产率明显增加。因此,效果较好的一种实施方式中,所述咖啡酸与3-溴丙基三甲基溴化铵的投料比例为1:2.5。
另外,上述制备方法当中应当是无水的,因此所述反应体系采用有机试剂作为反应溶剂,具体的实例中,所述有机试剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
本发明第三方面,提供第一方面所述荧光探针化合物作为超氧阴离子(O2 ·-)指示剂的应用。
所述作为超氧阴离子(O2 ·-)指示剂的应用,所述应用方式包括但不限于以下任意一个方面:
(1)应用于制备超氧阴离子检测产品;
(2)应用于抗氧化活性成分的筛选;
(3)应用于超氧阴离子相关疾病的诊断。
上述第(1)方面的应用中,所述检测产品为包括但不限于检测试剂盒、检测芯片、检测系统中的一种。
上述第(3)方面所述超氧阴离子相关疾病为包括但不限于早衰、炎症、肿瘤、代谢异常等疾病。
以上一个或多个技术方案的有益效果是:
1.本发明提供了一种瞬时、灵敏、动态、可逆检测O2 ·-的小分子荧光探针的设计合成策略。本发明所述两亲性荧光探针由于其具有亲脂性荧光团和亲水性季铵盐结构,与细胞膜结构的相似性使其具有细胞膜靶向定位效果。
2.检测O2 ·-的荧光探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-,能够动态、可逆的实现O2 ·-检测,可以应用于细胞外源O2 ·-的高灵敏、特异性检测,为今后有关细胞膜O2 ·-浓度变化与氧化应激有关疾病的关系及其相关机制的研究提供的重要工具。
3.本发明的探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-的生物相容性好,对细胞和活体损伤小。
4.本发明合成路线简单,且原料均廉价易得,有望应用于市场化的生产。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1是实施例1制备的荧光探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-的傅立叶红外光谱图;
图2是实施例1制备的荧光探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-与O2 ·-反应前后的紫外吸收光谱图,其中,横坐标表示波长(nm),纵坐标表示吸收强度,反应条件:探针400μM,O2 ·-20μM;
图3是实施例1制备的荧光探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-与O2 ·-反应前后的荧光强度变化图,反应条件:探针400μM,O2 ·-0~20μM;
其中,图3A为O2 ·-荧光强度随Cell membrane-O2 ·-浓度变化的情况;
图3B为O2 ·-荧光强度与Cell membrane-O2 ·-浓度的回归曲线图;
图4是实施例1制备的荧光探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-与O2 ·-反应体系荧光强度随时间关系变化图,反应条件:探针400μM,O2 ·-20μM;
图5是实施例1制备的荧光探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-存在的混合体系中荧光的可逆变化图,反应条件:在含有荧光探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-的细胞破碎液中轮流加入O2 ·-和L-抗坏血酸(VC),循环三次,探针400μM,O2 ·-20μM,VC 1mM;
图6是实施例1制备的荧光探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-与细胞内常见的活性氧、活性氮、金属离子等成分的选择性测定柱状图;
图7是实施例1制备的荧光探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-的细胞毒性与浓度关系柱状图;
图8是实施例1制备的荧光探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-的细胞荧光定位图。白色箭头所指示的部分为细胞膜荧光。
具体实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
正如背景技术所介绍的,细胞膜O2 ·-的表达机体的多种疾病具有相关性,提供一种灵敏、简便的检测方法具有疾病的早期诊断意义,为了解决如上的技术问题,本发明提出了一种检测细胞膜超氧阴离子的荧光探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-。
为了使得本领域技术人员能够更加清楚地了解本发明的技术方案,以下将结合具体的实施例详细说明本发明的技术方案。
实施例1荧光探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-的制备及结构解析
荧光探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)取原料3-溴丙基三甲基溴化铵(5mmol)、三乙胺(5.5mmol)溶于反应溶剂10mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺中80℃下活化羧基15min;
(2)加入咖啡酸(5mmol),80℃下搅拌6h;
(3)以上反应结束后,减压旋转蒸发除去溶剂,加热温度为70℃。用乙酸乙酯:甲醇=3:1作为展开剂,进行薄层层析层析色谱分离提纯,最终得到淡黄色荧光探针Cellmembrane-O2 ·-(30%)。
质谱表征:
HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M-H]calculated for C15H22NO4 +,280.1549found 280.1537.核磁表征:
1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO):δ7.51(d,1H),7.10(s,1H),7.03(d,1H),7.01(d,1H),6.79(s,2H),6.28(d,1H),4.19(t,2H),3.59(t,2H),3.12(s,9H),2.11(m,2H).
实施例2 O2 ·-的体外检测
通常,可以将两亲性荧光探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-溶解在生理盐水、PBS缓冲液或甲醇、二甲亚砜等有机溶剂中,然后加入适当缓冲液及其他有机试剂进行测试。分别研究了探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-在模拟生理环境的细胞破碎液中的光物理性质及其在细胞中的细胞毒性。
探针Cell membrane-O2 ·-与O2 ·-反应的紫外吸收、荧光发射、可逆变化、光稳定性及选择性实验
对照组:Cell membrane-O2 ·-(400μM)、细胞破碎液、DMSO;实验组:Cell membrane-O2 ·-(400μM)、细胞破碎液、O2 ·-(20μM)。在探针中加入0和20μM的O2 ·-,测量其紫外吸收光谱图,作为对照组和实验组,其光谱图显示于图2。横坐标为波长(nm),纵坐标为紫外吸收强度。当探针与O2 ·-反应后,反应溶液在370nm处有最大吸收峰,具有良好的响应O2 ·-的潜力。图3为Cell membrane-O2 ·-对不同浓度的O2 ·-荧光相应情况,如图3A和3B所示,当探针与O2 ·-反应前荧光强度很弱,O2 ·-在0-20μM浓度范围内,探针在495nm处的荧光强度随O2 ·-浓度增加而呈线性增强。荧光强度与O2 ·-浓度的关系遵循以下线性方程:F=302.36[O2 ·-](μM)+69.28,线性相关系数为0.998。图4为Cell membrane-O2 ·-的光稳定性研究,探针在O2 ·-反应后30min荧光强度变化较小,具有优异的光稳定性。图5为探针的可逆性研究。加入O2 ·-后,Cell membrane-O2 ·-的荧光强度瞬时增强,加入VC后荧光强度瞬时降低,循环三次以上仍然具有较好的荧光响应,表明探针能够可逆检测生物样品中的O2 ·-。图6为Cell membrane-O2 ·-对其他的生物学相关成分的干扰实验研究,包括金属离子(K+、Na+、Ca2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Al3+)、活性氧、活性氮及自由基(ROO·、NO、1O2、ClO-、·OH、H2O2、ONOO-、O2 ·-)。如图6所示,只有当O2 ·-存在时,荧光强度有显著的增强且响应倍数高达5倍。这个说明与生物体内其他组分相比,Cell membrane-O2 ·-对O2 ·-有极好的选择性,可以用在复杂的细胞及活体生物环境中,特异性检测O2 ·-。
Cell membrane-O2 ·-的细胞毒性实验
细胞毒性的研究采用的MTT方法,将培养好的细胞与含有五个不同浓度梯度的荧光探针的细胞培养液(1000μM,100μM,10μM,1μM,0.1μM)中进行共孵育,孵育24h后吸去孵育液,加入3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2)-2,5-二苯基四氮唑溴盐(MTT)溶液(5mg/ml,DMEM)进行细胞染色,4h移除MTT,加入150μL DMSO对生成的甲瓒进行溶解,通过酶标仪测量490nm处的吸光度。如图7所示,Cell membrane-O2 ·-的存在对细胞成活率无明显影响,表明Cellmembrane-O2 ·-的生物相容性良好,所使用的工作浓度对细胞影响很小,是安全可靠的。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
3.如权利要求2所述荧光探针化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法在碱性条件下进行。
4.如权利要求3所述荧光探针化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法还需要加入碱性催化剂,如三乙胺或碳酸钾;
优选的,所述碱性催化剂为三乙胺。
5.如权利要求4所述荧光探针化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述三乙胺与3-溴丙基三甲基溴化铵的摩尔比为1:1~1.1。
6.如权利要求2所述荧光探针化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法还包括对反应体系进行加热,所述加热温度为70~90℃;优选的,为75~85℃,具体的,为78℃、79℃、80℃、81℃或82℃。
7.如权利要求6所述荧光探针化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述加热反应的时间为5~7小时,进一步的,为5.5~6.5h。
8.如权利要求2所述荧光探针化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述咖啡酸与3-溴丙基三甲基溴化铵的投料比例为1:1~3;具体的,所述咖啡酸与3-溴丙基三甲基溴化铵的投料比例为1:2.5。
9.权利要求1所述荧光探针化合物作为超氧阴离子指示剂的应用。
10.如权利要求9所述荧光探针化合物作为超氧阴离子指示剂的应用,其特征在于,所述应用方式包括但不限于以下任意一个方面:
(1)应用于制备超氧阴离子检测产品;
(2)应用于抗氧化活性成分的筛选;
(3)应用于超氧阴离子相关疾病的诊断;
优选的,第(1)方面的应用中,所述检测产品为包括但不限于检测试剂盒、检测芯片、检测系统中的一种;
优选的,第(3)方面所述超氧阴离子相关疾病为包括但不限于早衰、炎症、肿瘤、代谢异常中的一种。
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