CN114455013B - Water surface garbage cleaning equipment and method - Google Patents
Water surface garbage cleaning equipment and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114455013B CN114455013B CN202210217909.7A CN202210217909A CN114455013B CN 114455013 B CN114455013 B CN 114455013B CN 202210217909 A CN202210217909 A CN 202210217909A CN 114455013 B CN114455013 B CN 114455013B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
- B63B35/32—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for for collecting pollution from open water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
- E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
- E02B15/10—Devices for removing the material from the surface
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B15/00—Cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water; Apparatus therefor
- E02B15/04—Devices for cleaning or keeping clear the surface of open water from oil or like floating materials by separating or removing these materials
- E02B15/10—Devices for removing the material from the surface
- E02B15/104—Conveyors; Paddle wheels; Endless belts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/204—Keeping clear the surface of open water from oil spills
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water surface garbage cleaning device and a method, wherein the device comprises a garbage collecting device and a garbage classifying device; the garbage collecting device comprises a collecting mechanism and a conveying mechanism; the cable collecting mechanism comprises a cable collecting roller and a cable collecting driving mechanism; the conveying mechanism comprises a conveying belt and a conveying driving mechanism; the garbage classification device comprises a transfer disc, a transfer mechanism, a garbage storage box and a gravity sorting mechanism; the gravity sorting mechanism comprises a gravity sorting rotating shaft and a gravity sorting driving mechanism, and a gravity sorting assembly is arranged on the gravity sorting rotating shaft; the gravity sorting assembly comprises a gravity sorting claw and a gravity sorting spring, one end of the gravity sorting claw is hinged to the gravity sorting rotating shaft, the gravity sorting spring is fixedly connected to the gravity sorting rotating shaft, and the other end of the gravity sorting claw is fixedly connected with the other end of the gravity sorting claw. The invention can automatically complete the salvaging and classification of the garbage on the water surface, and has higher working efficiency and lower garbage treatment cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for treating water surface garbage, in particular to a device and a method for cleaning water surface garbage.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the problem of water surface garbage pollution is increasingly aggravated, which seriously threatens the water environment, aquaculture and urban and rural landscape, and causes huge economic and social losses, so the problem of water surface garbage pollution to the environment needs to be solved urgently.
In the prior art, water surface garbage treatment is generally salvaged in a manual mode or a salvage ship mode, and then garbage salvaged ashore is manually classified. Although the problem of water surface garbage disposal can be solved to some extent, the following problems still exist:
1. salvage the rubbish of surface of water through the manual work, the human cost is higher, and artifical efficiency of salvaging is lower moreover, is difficult to clear up the surface of water on a large scale.
2. The sorting machine can sort by manpower, for example, water surface garbage such as plastic products with high recycling value is separated from garbage with low value and high weight, the labor cost is high, the working environment is poor, and the sorting efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the existing problems and provide the water surface garbage cleaning equipment which can automatically finish the fishing and classifying work of the water surface garbage without manual participation and has higher working efficiency and lower garbage treatment cost.
The invention also aims to provide a method for cleaning the water surface garbage.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a water surface garbage cleaning device comprises a ship body, a garbage collecting device and a garbage classifying device, wherein the garbage collecting device and the garbage classifying device are arranged on the ship body;
the garbage collecting device comprises a collecting mechanism for collecting garbage on the water surface and a conveying mechanism for conveying the collected garbage to the garbage storage box; the cable collecting mechanism comprises a cable collecting roller and a cable collecting driving mechanism for driving the cable collecting roller to rotate, wherein a plurality of cable collecting rods arranged along the circumferential direction are arranged on the side surface of the cable collecting roller, one end of each cable collecting rod is fixed on the cable collecting roller, and the other end of each cable collecting rod extends along the direction far away from the center of the cable collecting roller; the conveying mechanism comprises a conveying belt and a conveying driving mechanism for driving the conveying belt to convey, and the conveying belt is obliquely arranged between the collecting roller and the transfer disc in a working state;
the garbage classification device comprises a transfer disc, a transfer mechanism, a garbage storage box and a gravity sorting mechanism for sorting garbage according to gravity; the transfer disc is arranged between the conveyor belt and the garbage storage box, and a primary screen opening is formed between the transfer disc and the conveyor belt; the unloading mechanism comprises a temporary storage hopper and a spiral feeding mechanism used for transferring the garbage in the temporary storage hopper into the garbage storage box; the temporary storage hopper is arranged below the primary screen opening; the garbage storage box is provided with a first storage area for storing garbage with larger volume and smaller mass, a second storage area for storing garbage with larger volume and larger mass and a third storage area for storing garbage with smaller volume; the first storage area is positioned above the second storage area;
the gravity sorting mechanism comprises a gravity sorting rotating shaft and a gravity sorting driving mechanism for driving the gravity sorting rotating shaft to rotate, the gravity sorting rotating shaft is rotatably connected in the garbage storage box, and a plurality of groups of gravity sorting assemblies which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction and the axial direction are arranged on the gravity sorting rotating shaft respectively; the gravity sorting assembly comprises a gravity sorting claw and a gravity sorting spring, one end of the gravity sorting claw is connected to the gravity sorting rotating shaft through a hinge structure, the gravity sorting spring is connected to the gravity sorting rotating shaft through a fixing structure, and the other end of the gravity sorting spring is fixedly connected with the other end of the gravity sorting claw; in a state of no external force action, the gravity sorting spring urges the gravity sorting claw to extend outwards along the radial direction; the gravity sorting rotating shaft is positioned between the garbage throwing port and the inlet of the first storage area and between the garbage throwing port and the inlet of the second storage area, the gravity sorting rotating shaft is positioned above the second storage area, and the axis of the gravity sorting rotating shaft is higher than the position of the inlet of the first storage area; when the garbage with large mass is thrown on the gravity sorting claw, the gravity sorting claw swings along the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the gravity sorting rotating shaft, and the garbage with large mass slides down to the second storage area below from the gravity sorting claw.
According to a preferable scheme of the invention, the cable retracting driving mechanism comprises a cable retracting driving motor and a cable retracting transmission assembly, wherein the cable retracting driving motor is fixedly arranged on the mounting rack;
the cable collecting transmission assembly comprises a transmission gear, the transmission gear comprises a driving straight gear and a driven straight gear, the driving straight gear is connected with an output shaft of a cable collecting driving motor, and the driven straight gear is coaxially and fixedly connected with the cable collecting roller; the cable collecting roller is rotatably connected to the mounting rack. Through the structure, the collecting roller can rotate under the driving of the collecting driving motor, so that the garbage collecting work is completed.
Furthermore, the cable collecting transmission assembly also comprises a transmission shaft, and two ends of the transmission shaft are rotatably connected to the mounting rack;
the transmission gear also comprises a bevel gear set, and the bevel gear set comprises a driving bevel gear and a driven bevel gear; the driving bevel gear is coaxially and fixedly connected to an output shaft of the cable collecting driving motor; the driving straight gear and the driven bevel gear are both coaxially and fixedly connected with the transmission shaft.
Further, the transmission driving mechanism comprises a transmission driving motor and a transmission assembly, and the transmission driving motor is composed of a cable collecting driving motor;
the conveying transmission assembly comprises two composite gears, one composite gear is coaxially and fixedly connected with the transmission shaft, and the other composite gear is coaxially and fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the conveying belt. Through the structure, one driving motor can be shared, two groups of rotating drives can be completed simultaneously, and the structure is simplified and the production cost is reduced.
Further, the composite gear comprises a local main tooth part and a special-shaped auxiliary tooth part, the local main tooth part and the special-shaped auxiliary tooth part are coaxially and fixedly connected, and a local main gear tooth structure is arranged on the local main tooth part; the special-shaped auxiliary tooth part is provided with two groups of auxiliary gear tooth structures which are arranged locally, wherein the reference circle of one group of auxiliary gear tooth structures is larger than that of the main gear tooth structure of the local main tooth part, and the reference circle of the other group of auxiliary gear tooth structures is smaller than that of the main gear tooth structure of the local main tooth part;
under the working state, the main gear tooth structures of the two local main tooth parts, the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a larger reference circle of one special-shaped auxiliary tooth part, the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a smaller reference circle of the other special-shaped auxiliary tooth part, the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a larger reference circle of the other special-shaped auxiliary tooth part and the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a smaller reference circle of one special-shaped auxiliary tooth part are meshed with each other in sequence; after the previous meshing stroke is finished, the next group of gear tooth structures to be meshed of the composite gear coaxially connected with the rotating shaft of the conveyor belt rotate to the corresponding meshing position.
With the structure, when the transmission driving motor drives, the power is transmitted to the two compound gears through the transmission shaft and the bevel gear set, and the compound gears intermittently transmit the power to the transmission belt. The specific operation is as follows: in the rotating process, the main gear tooth structures of the two local main tooth parts, the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a larger reference circle of one special-shaped auxiliary tooth part, the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a smaller reference circle of the other special-shaped auxiliary tooth part, the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a larger reference circle of the other special-shaped auxiliary tooth part and the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a smaller reference circle of one special-shaped auxiliary tooth part are meshed with each other in sequence; after the previous meshing stroke is finished, the next group of gear tooth structures to be meshed of the composite gear coaxially connected with the rotating shaft of the conveyor belt rotate to the corresponding meshing position; not only can leave the clearance like this at the rotation in-process, realize intermittent type drive, the rubbish that is favorable to the conveyer belt utilizes inertial effect and with the conveyer belt separation, drops to in the transportation dish.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outer surface of the conveyor belt is provided with a plurality of conveying push plates, and the conveying push plates are uniformly distributed along the conveying direction.
According to a preferable scheme of the invention, two sides of the collecting roller are respectively provided with a material guiding side plate, and the two material guiding side plates form a horn mouth structure in front of the collecting roller. Therefore, the garbage on the water surface can be collected to the collecting roller in a wider range, and the collecting efficiency is improved.
In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the garbage collecting device further includes a lifting mechanism for lifting the transporting mechanism and the collecting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism includes a lifting driving mechanism; under the non-working state of the conveyor belt, the conveying mechanism and the cable collecting mechanism are lifted by the lifting driving mechanism and are far away from the water surface, so that the water resistance of the ship body during advancing can be reduced, and energy is saved.
Furthermore, the lifting driving mechanism comprises a lifting hydraulic cylinder, and a cylinder body and a telescopic rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder are respectively hinged to the installation rack and the ship body.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first storage area and the second storage area are both provided with bottom surfaces arranged obliquely, which is beneficial to orderly storing the garbage in a fixed direction.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom surface of the second storage area is provided with a plurality of draining holes, so that water can be drained while garbage is stored.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gravity sorting driving mechanism includes a gravity sorting driving motor and a gravity sorting transmission assembly, the gravity sorting transmission assembly includes two sorting transmission gears, one of the sorting transmission gears is fixedly disposed on an output shaft of the gravity sorting driving motor, and the other sorting transmission gear is coaxially and fixedly connected to the gravity sorting rotating shaft.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the garbage classification device further includes a dumping mechanism, which includes a temporary storage hopper;
a primary screen opening is formed between the transfer disc and the conveyor belt; the temporary storage hopper is arranged below the primary screen opening. Through the structure, the garbage is conveyed by the conveyor belt, is firstly conveyed to the transfer disc and is then thrown into the garbage storage box through the garbage throwing port of the transfer disc; wherein, when rubbish shifts to the in-process of transporting the dish from the conveyer belt, the less rubbish of volume is through just screening the mouth and fall into the temporary storage of below and fight, and the great rubbish of volume then continues to carry forward to realize preliminary sorting.
Further, the transfer mechanism also comprises a spiral feeding mechanism for transferring the garbage in the temporary storage hopper into the garbage storage box;
the garbage storage box is further provided with a third storage area for storing garbage with small volume. Above-mentioned structure can deposit the district in the third of case is deposited to rubbish with the rubbish transportation in the fill of keeping in through spiral feeding mechanism and classify and deposit in unison.
Furthermore, a compression mechanism used for compressing the garbage is arranged in the third storage area, the compression mechanism comprises a compression plate and a compression hydraulic cylinder, and the compression plate is fixedly connected with a telescopic rod of the compression hydraulic cylinder. Through the structure, the garbage is compressed and then continuously collected when the garbage reaches a certain amount.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hull includes a base and a casing, and a solar power module is disposed on an upper surface of the casing and connected to the battery. Therefore, power can be generated when garbage is cleaned, certain electric energy is provided for garbage cleaning work, and energy conservation and environmental protection are facilitated.
The invention also comprises a hydraulic power generation device, wherein the hydraulic power generation device comprises an Archimedes screw pump. When raining or meeting with a large water surface fall, the Archimedes screw pump can rotate reversely to realize self-generation and charge the storage battery, and the principle of the device is similar to that of a hydropower station.
The invention also discloses a preferred scheme, wherein the ultrasonic imaging system further comprises a map transmission and positioning device, and the map transmission and positioning device comprises an image acquisition module, a data transmission module, a positioning module and an ultrasonic module. Therefore, the 4G network is used for communicating with the ground control station in real time, transmitting back images and positioning information, receiving control commands from the control station, additionally arranging an ultrasonic module for sensing surrounding water areas and determining the position of the device, and having an autonomous obstacle avoidance function. Furthermore, the image transmission module uses 4G to transmit images, and an operator can directly observe the surrounding situation of the device through the camera. The ultrasonic module is controlled by the single chip microcomputer, the timer is started, and the interruption is started every 1 ms. When in measurement, firstly enabling the Trig to send a high level larger than 10us, then pulling up the HC _ SR04_ Trig, starting a timer to time when Echo is 0, closing the timer when Echo is 1, and calculating the distance through a formula; when approaching an obstacle, a command is sent to stop the propeller and rotate the propeller in the reverse direction.
A method for cleaning water surface garbage comprises the following steps:
the ship body is driven to the water surface to be cleaned, so that the cable collecting roller is close to the water surface;
the cable collecting roller is driven to rotate by the cable collecting driving mechanism to drive the cable collecting rod to move circumferentially so as to bring the garbage on the water surface to the conveyor belt;
the conveying belt is driven to move by the conveying driving mechanism, and the collected garbage is conveyed downwards to the garbage sorting device;
garbage is thrown onto a gravity sorting claw of the gravity sorting rotating shaft from a transfer disc, and the gravity sorting rotating shaft is intermittently driven to rotate by a gravity sorting driving mechanism;
when garbage with smaller mass is thrown into the gravity sorting claw, the gravity sorting claw keeps the posture in the normal range to support the garbage under the action of the gravity sorting spring, and the garbage is transferred into a first storage area of the garbage storage box along with the rotation of the gravity sorting rotating shaft;
when the garbage with larger mass is thrown on the gravity sorting claw, the gravity sorting claw swings along the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the gravity sorting rotating shaft, meanwhile, the gravity sorting spring is pulled to generate elastic deformation, and the garbage with larger mass slides to a second storage area below the gravity sorting claw;
and finally, releasing potential energy by the gravity sorting spring to recover deformation, driving the gravity sorting claw to reset, and preparing to transfer the next round of garbage.
In a preferred aspect of the present invention, the transfer driving mechanism performs a transfer operation of:
when the transmission driving motor drives, the power is transmitted to the two compound gears through the transmission shaft and the bevel gear set, and the compound gears intermittently transmit the power to the conveyor belt; in the rotating process, after the previous meshing stroke is finished, the next group of gear tooth structures to be meshed of the composite gear coaxially connected with the rotating shaft of the conveyor belt rotate to the corresponding meshing position.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, during the process of transferring the garbage from the conveyor belt to the transfer tray, the garbage with smaller volume falls into the temporary storage hopper below through the primary screening opening, and the garbage with larger volume is continuously conveyed forward, so as to realize the primary sorting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can automatically complete the salvaging and classification of the garbage on the water surface without human participation, and has higher working efficiency and lower garbage treatment cost.
2. In the garbage classification device, a gravity sorting mechanism is arranged to sort according to the actual mass of garbage, when the garbage with smaller mass is thrown into a gravity sorting claw, the gravity sorting claw still keeps a normal posture to support the garbage, and the garbage is transferred into a first storage area of a garbage storage box; when the great rubbish of quality is put in on gravity letter sorting claw, great gravity causes gravity letter sorting claw to rotate opposite direction swing along with gravity letter sorting pivot, gets the great rubbish of quality and slides down to the second storage area in the below from gravity letter sorting claw to realize rubbish letter sorting.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the water surface garbage cleaning device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the water surface garbage cleaning device of the present invention with a hidden housing.
Fig. 3 is a side view of the surface garbage removing apparatus of the present invention with the housing hidden.
Fig. 4-5 are schematic perspective views of two different viewing angles of the collecting mechanism and the transmitting mechanism of the garbage collecting device of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a side view of the collecting mechanism and the transmitting mechanism of the garbage collecting device of the present invention.
Fig. 7-9 are various operating state diagrams of two compound gears of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of the garbage storage bin and the gravity sorting mechanism of the garbage sorting device of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a side view of the gravity sorting mechanism of the waste sorting device of the present invention.
Fig. 12-13 are schematic perspective views of the gravity sorting mechanism of the garbage sorting device of the present invention in two different operating states.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art understand the technical solutions of the present invention well, the following description of the present invention is provided with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the water surface garbage cleaning equipment of the embodiment includes a ship body a, a garbage collecting device B, a garbage sorting device C, a hydroelectric power generation device D, and a map transmission and positioning device, which are arranged on the ship body a.
The ship body A comprises a base body 1a and a shell 2a, wherein a solar power generation module is arranged on the upper surface of the shell 2a and is connected with a storage battery. When the sunlight is strong, the current generated by the solar photovoltaic component is converged to the controller, and the controller is used for power supply monitoring. The solar photovoltaic module is powered by the controller, and stores more energy in the storage battery at the same time, and the connection mode is as follows: solar panel-photovoltaic charge controller-accumulator-dc load. When the solar energy charges the storage battery, the storage battery can supply power outwards, under the condition, the power used by the load can directly use the power of the solar battery preferentially, and the rest power is charged into the battery; on the contrary, if the electric quantity of the solar battery is not enough, the electricity can be taken from the storage battery at the same time.
Referring to fig. 2 to 6, the garbage collecting device B comprises a collecting mechanism for collecting garbage on the water surface, a conveying mechanism for conveying the collected garbage to the transfer plate 1c, and a lifting mechanism for lifting the conveying mechanism and the collecting mechanism.
The cable collecting mechanism comprises a cable collecting roller 2b and a cable collecting driving mechanism for driving the cable collecting roller 2b to rotate, wherein a plurality of cable collecting rods 3b arranged along the circumferential direction are arranged on the side surface of the cable collecting roller 2b, one end of each cable collecting rod 3b is fixed on the cable collecting roller 2b, and the other end of each cable collecting rod extends along the direction far away from the center of the cable collecting roller 2b; the conveying mechanism comprises a conveying belt 4b and a conveying driving mechanism for driving the conveying belt 4b to convey, a plurality of conveying push plates 5b are arranged on the outer surface of the conveying belt 4b, and the conveying push plates 5b are uniformly distributed along the conveying direction; in the operating state, the conveyor belt 4b is obliquely arranged between the collecting drum 2b and the transfer plate 1 c.
Referring to fig. 2-6, the cable retracting driving mechanism comprises a cable retracting driving motor 6b and a cable retracting transmission assembly, wherein the cable retracting driving motor 6b is fixedly arranged on the mounting rack 7 b; the cable collecting transmission assembly comprises a transmission gear, the transmission gear comprises a driving straight gear 8b and a driven straight gear 9b, the driving straight gear 8b is connected with an output shaft of a cable collecting driving motor 6b, and the driven straight gear 9b is coaxially and fixedly connected with the cable collecting roller 2b; the cable collecting roller 2b is rotatably connected to the mounting rack 7 b.
The cable collecting transmission assembly also comprises a transmission shaft 10b, and two ends of the transmission shaft 10b are rotatably connected to the mounting rack 7 b; the transmission gear further comprises a bevel gear set, and the bevel gear set comprises a driving bevel gear 11b and a driven bevel gear 12b; the driving bevel gear 11b is coaxially and fixedly connected to an output shaft of the cable collecting driving motor 6 b; the driving straight gear 8b and the driven bevel gear 12b are coaxially and fixedly connected with the transmission shaft 10 b.
With the structure, the collecting roller 2b can rotate under the driving of the collecting driving motor 6b, thereby completing the work of collecting garbage.
Further, the transmission driving mechanism comprises a transmission driving motor and a transmission assembly, and the transmission driving motor is composed of a cable retracting driving motor 6 b; the transmission assembly comprises two compound gears 13b, wherein one compound gear 13b is coaxially and fixedly connected with the transmission shaft 10b, and the other compound gear 13b is coaxially and fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the conveyor belt 4 b. Through the structure, one driving motor can be shared, two groups of rotating drives can be completed simultaneously, and the structure is simplified and the production cost is reduced.
Referring to fig. 7-9, the composite gear 13b includes a local main tooth portion 13-1b and a special-shaped auxiliary tooth portion 13-2b, the local main tooth portion 13-1b and the special-shaped auxiliary tooth portion 13-2b are coaxially and fixedly connected, and a local main gear tooth structure is arranged on the local main tooth portion 13-1 b; the special-shaped auxiliary tooth part 13-2b is provided with two groups of auxiliary gear tooth structures which are arranged locally, wherein the reference circle of one group of auxiliary gear tooth structures is larger than that of the main gear tooth structure of the local main tooth part 13-1b, and the reference circle of the other group of auxiliary gear tooth structures is smaller than that of the main gear tooth structure of the local main tooth part 13-1 b. In the working state, the main gear tooth structures of the two local main tooth parts 13-1b, the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a larger reference circle of one special-shaped auxiliary tooth part 13-2b, the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a smaller reference circle of the other special-shaped auxiliary tooth part 13-2b, the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a larger reference circle of the other special-shaped auxiliary tooth part 13-2b and the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a smaller reference circle of one special-shaped auxiliary tooth part 13-2b are meshed with each other in sequence; after the previous meshing stroke is finished, the next group of gear tooth structures to be meshed of the composite gear 13b coaxially connected with the rotating shaft of the conveyor belt 4b rotates to the corresponding meshing position.
With the above configuration, when the transmission drive motor is driven, power is transmitted to the two compound gears 13b through the transmission shaft 10b and the bevel gear set, and power is intermittently transmitted to the conveyor belt 4b by the compound gears 13 b. The specific operation is as follows: in the rotating process, the main gear tooth structures of the two local main tooth parts 13-1b, the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a larger reference circle of one special-shaped auxiliary tooth part 13-2b, the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a smaller reference circle of the other special-shaped auxiliary tooth part 13-2b, the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a larger reference circle of the other special-shaped auxiliary tooth part 13-2b and the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a smaller reference circle of one special-shaped auxiliary tooth part 13-2b are meshed with each other in sequence; after the previous meshing stroke is finished, the next group of gear tooth structures to be meshed of the composite gear 13b which is coaxially connected with the rotating shaft of the conveyor belt 4b rotates to the corresponding meshing position; therefore, gaps can be left in the rotating process, intermittent driving is achieved, garbage on the conveying belt 4b is separated from the conveying belt 4b under the action of inertia, and the garbage falls into the transfer disc 1 c.
Referring to fig. 2-6, two sides of the collecting roller 2b are respectively provided with a material guiding side plate 14b, and the two material guiding side plates 14b form a bell mouth structure in front of the collecting roller 2 b. Therefore, the garbage on the water surface can be gathered on the collecting roller 2b in a wider range, and the collection efficiency is improved.
Referring to fig. 2-6, the lift mechanism includes a lift drive mechanism; under the non-working state of the conveyor belt 4b, the conveying mechanism and the cable collecting mechanism are lifted by the lifting driving mechanism and are far away from the water surface, so that the water resistance of the ship body A during advancing can be reduced, and energy is saved.
Further, the lifting driving mechanism comprises a lifting hydraulic cylinder 15b, and a cylinder body and a telescopic rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 15b are respectively hinged on the installation frame 7b and the ship body A.
Referring to fig. 2-3 and 10, the garbage sorting device C includes a transfer tray 1C, a dumping mechanism, a garbage storage bin 2C, and a gravity sorting mechanism for sorting the garbage according to gravity.
The transfer disc 1c is arranged between the conveyor belt 4b and the garbage storage box 2c, and a primary screen opening 4c is arranged between the transfer disc 1c and the conveyor belt 4 b; the unloading mechanism comprises a temporary storage hopper 5c, and the temporary storage hopper 5c is arranged below the primary screen opening 4 c. Through the structure, the garbage is conveyed by the conveyor belt 4b, is firstly conveyed to the transfer disc 1c, and is then thrown into the garbage storage box 2c through the garbage throwing port of the transfer disc 1 c; wherein, when rubbish shifts to the in-process of transporting dish 1c from conveyer belt 4b, the less rubbish of volume falls into the temporary storage of below through primary sifting hole 4c and fights 5c, and the great rubbish of volume then continues to carry forward to realize preliminary sorting.
Referring to fig. 2-3 and 10, the trash storage bin 2c is provided with a first storage area 2-1c for storing trash having a relatively small mass and a second storage area 2-2c for storing trash having a relatively large mass, and the first storage area 2-1c is located above the second storage area 2-2 c.
The first storage area 2-1c and the second storage area 2-2c are both provided with bottom surfaces which are obliquely arranged, so that the garbage can be orderly stored in a fixed direction.
Furthermore, a plurality of draining holes are formed in the bottom surface of the second storage area 2-2c, so that water can be drained conveniently when garbage is stored.
Referring to fig. 11 to 13, the gravity sorting mechanism includes a gravity sorting rotating shaft 6c and a gravity sorting driving mechanism for driving the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6c to rotate, the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6c is rotatably connected in the garbage storage bin 2c, and a plurality of groups of gravity sorting assemblies are arranged on the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6c and are respectively arranged uniformly along the circumferential direction and the axial direction; the gravity sorting assembly comprises a gravity sorting claw 7c and a gravity sorting spring 8c, one end of the gravity sorting claw 7c is connected to the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6c through a hinge structure, the gravity sorting spring 8c is connected to the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6c through a fixing structure, and the other end of the gravity sorting claw 7c is fixedly connected with the other end of the gravity sorting claw; in a state of no external force action, the gravity sorting spring 8c urges the gravity sorting claw 7c to extend outward in the radial direction; the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6c is positioned between the garbage throwing opening and the inlet opening of the first storage area 2-1c and the inlet opening of the second storage area 2-2c, the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6c is positioned above the second storage area 2-2c, and the axis of the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6c is higher than the position of the inlet opening of the first storage area 2-1 c; when the garbage with larger mass is thrown on the gravity sorting claw 7c, the gravity sorting claw 7c swings along the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6c, and the garbage with larger mass slides from the gravity sorting claw 7c to the second storage area 2-2c below.
Further, the gravity sorting driving mechanism (not shown in the figure) comprises a gravity sorting driving motor and a gravity sorting transmission assembly, the gravity sorting transmission assembly comprises two sorting transmission gears, one of the sorting transmission gears is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the gravity sorting driving motor, and the other sorting transmission gear is coaxially and fixedly connected with the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6 c.
Referring to fig. 2-3 and 10, the unloading mechanism further includes a screw feeder 9c for transferring the garbage in the temporary storage hopper 5c to the garbage storage bin 2 c; the garbage storage box 2c is further provided with a third storage area 2-3c for storing garbage with small volume. With the structure, the garbage in the temporary storage hopper 5c can be transferred to the third storage area 2-3c of the garbage storage box 2c for classified and unified storage through the spiral feeder 9 c.
Further, a compression mechanism for compressing the garbage is arranged in the third storage area 2-3c and comprises a compression plate 10c and a compression hydraulic cylinder 11c, and the compression plate 10c is fixedly connected with an expansion rod of the compression hydraulic cylinder 11 c. Through the structure, the garbage is compressed and then continuously collected when the garbage reaches a certain amount.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the hydroelectric power generation device D includes an archimedes screw pump, and when it rains or encounters a large water surface fall, the archimedes screw pump can rotate in the reverse direction to realize self-power generation and charge a storage battery, and the principle is similar to that of a hydropower station.
Specifically, the image transmission and positioning device comprises an image acquisition module, a data transmission module, a positioning module and an ultrasonic module. Therefore, the 4G network is used for communicating with the ground control station in real time, transmitting back images and positioning information, receiving control commands from the control station, additionally arranging an ultrasonic module for sensing surrounding water areas and determining the position of the device, and having an autonomous obstacle avoidance function. Furthermore, the image transmission module uses 4G to transmit images, and an operator can directly observe the surrounding situation of the device through the camera. The ultrasonic module is controlled by the single chip microcomputer, the timer is started, and the interruption is started every 1 ms. When measuring, firstly enabling the Trig to send a high level larger than 10us, then pulling up the HC _ SR04_ Trig, starting a timer to time when Echo is 0, closing the timer when Echo is 1, and calculating the distance through a formula; when approaching an obstacle, a command is sent to stop the propeller and rotate the propeller in the reverse direction.
Referring to fig. 1-13, the method for cleaning the water surface garbage of the embodiment includes the following steps:
the ship body A is driven to the water surface to be cleaned, and the collecting roller 2b is close to the water surface.
The cable collecting roller 2b is driven to rotate by the cable collecting driving mechanism, the cable collecting rod 3b is driven to move circumferentially, and the garbage on the water surface is brought onto the conveyor belt 4 b.
The conveying belt 4b is driven to move by the conveying driving mechanism, when the conveying driving motor drives, power is transmitted to the two compound gears 13b through the transmission shaft 10b and the bevel gear set, and the power is transmitted to the conveying belt 4b intermittently by the compound gears 13 b; in the rotating process, after the previous meshing stroke is finished, the next group of gear tooth structures to be meshed of the composite gear 13b which is coaxially connected with the rotating shaft of the conveyor belt 4b rotates to the corresponding meshing position.
Conveying the collected garbage downwards to a garbage classification device C; when rubbish shifts to the in-process of transporting dish 1c from conveyer belt 4b, the less rubbish of volume falls into the temporary storage of below through primary sifting hole 4c and fights 5c, and the great rubbish of volume then continues to carry forward to realize preliminary sorting.
Garbage is thrown onto the gravity sorting claw 7c of the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6c from the transfer disc 1c, and the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6c is intermittently driven to rotate by the gravity sorting driving mechanism.
When garbage with smaller mass is thrown into the gravity sorting claw 7c, the gravity sorting claw 7c keeps the posture in the normal range to support the garbage under the action of the gravity sorting spring 8c, and the garbage is transferred into the first storage area 2-1c of the garbage storage box 2c along with the rotation of the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6 c.
When the garbage with larger mass is thrown on the gravity sorting claw 7c, the gravity sorting claw 7c swings along the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6c, meanwhile, the gravity sorting spring 8c is pulled to generate elastic deformation, and the garbage with larger mass slides down to the second storage area 2-2c below from the gravity sorting claw 7 c;
and finally, the gravity sorting spring 8c releases potential energy to recover deformation, and drives the gravity sorting claw 7c to reset to prepare for transferring the next round of garbage.
Referring to fig. 1-13, the above-mentioned water surface garbage cleaning equipment has the working principle:
when the garbage collecting device works, the ship body A is driven to the water surface to be cleaned, the collecting roller 2b is close to the water surface, the collecting driving mechanism drives the collecting roller 2b to rotate, the collecting rod 3b is driven to move circumferentially, and therefore garbage on the water surface is brought onto the conveyor belt 4 b; meanwhile, the conveying belt 4b is driven by the conveying driving mechanism to move, and then the collected garbage is continuously conveyed downwards to the garbage classification device C.
In the garbage sorting device C, garbage is thrown from the transfer plate 1C onto the gravity sorting claw 7C of the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6C, and the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6C is intermittently driven to rotate by the gravity sorting driving mechanism, so that the garbage thrown in from the garbage throwing port is sorted into the first storage area 2-1C and the second storage area 2-2C of the garbage storage box 2C. Because the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6c is positioned between the garbage throwing port and the inlet of the first storage area 2-1c and the inlet of the second storage area 2-2c, and the gravity sorting spring 8c urges the gravity sorting claw 7c to extend outwards along the radial direction under the state of no external force, when garbage with smaller mass is thrown into the gravity sorting claw 7c, the gravity sorting claw 7c still keeps the posture in the normal range to support the garbage under the action of the gravity sorting spring 8c, and then the garbage is transferred into the first storage area 2-1c of the garbage storage box 2c along with the rotation of the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6 c; when the garbage with large mass is thrown on the gravity sorting claw 7c, the gravity sorting claw 7c swings along the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the gravity sorting rotating shaft 6c due to the large gravity, meanwhile, the gravity sorting spring 8c is pulled to generate elastic deformation, so that the garbage with large mass slides down to the second storage area 2-2c below from the gravity sorting claw 7c, and finally, the gravity sorting spring 8c releases potential energy to recover deformation, drives the gravity sorting claw 7c to reset, and prepares for transferring the next round of garbage.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents and equivalents thereof, which are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A water surface garbage cleaning device is characterized by comprising a ship body, a garbage collecting device and a garbage classifying device, wherein the garbage collecting device and the garbage classifying device are arranged on the ship body;
the garbage collecting device comprises a collecting mechanism for collecting garbage on the water surface and a conveying mechanism for conveying the collected garbage to the garbage storage box; the cable collecting mechanism comprises a cable collecting roller and a cable collecting driving mechanism for driving the cable collecting roller to rotate, wherein a plurality of cable collecting rods arranged along the circumferential direction are arranged on the side surface of the cable collecting roller, one end of each cable collecting rod is fixed on the cable collecting roller, and the other end of each cable collecting rod extends along the direction far away from the center of the cable collecting roller; the conveying mechanism comprises a conveying belt and a conveying driving mechanism for driving the conveying belt to convey, and the conveying belt is obliquely arranged between the collecting roller and the transfer disc in a working state;
the transmission driving mechanism comprises a transmission driving motor and a transmission assembly, and the transmission driving motor is composed of a cable collecting driving motor; the transmission assembly comprises two composite gears, one of the composite gears is coaxially and fixedly connected with the transmission shaft, and the other composite gear is coaxially and fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the conveyor belt; the composite gear comprises a local main tooth part and a special-shaped auxiliary tooth part, the local main tooth part and the special-shaped auxiliary tooth part are coaxially and fixedly connected, and a locally arranged main gear tooth structure is arranged on the local main tooth part; the special-shaped auxiliary tooth part is provided with two groups of auxiliary gear tooth structures which are arranged locally, wherein the reference circle of one group of auxiliary gear tooth structures is larger than that of the main gear tooth structure of the local main tooth part, and the reference circle of the other group of auxiliary gear tooth structures is smaller than that of the main gear tooth structure of the local main tooth part;
under the working state, the main gear tooth structures of the two local main tooth parts, the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a larger reference circle of one special-shaped auxiliary tooth part, the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a smaller reference circle of the other special-shaped auxiliary tooth part, the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a larger reference circle of the other special-shaped auxiliary tooth part and the auxiliary gear tooth structure with a smaller reference circle of one special-shaped auxiliary tooth part are meshed with each other in sequence; after the previous meshing stroke is finished, the next group of gear tooth structures to be meshed of the composite gear coaxially connected with the rotating shaft of the conveyor belt rotate to the corresponding meshing position;
the garbage classification device comprises a transfer disc, a transfer mechanism, a garbage storage box and a gravity sorting mechanism for sorting garbage according to gravity; the transfer disc is arranged between the conveyor belt and the garbage storage box, and a primary screen opening is formed between the transfer disc and the conveyor belt; the unloading mechanism comprises a temporary storage hopper and a spiral feeding mechanism used for transferring the garbage in the temporary storage hopper into the garbage storage box; the temporary storage hopper is arranged below the primary screen opening; the garbage storage box is provided with a first storage area for storing garbage with larger volume and smaller mass, a second storage area for storing garbage with larger volume and larger mass and a third storage area for storing garbage with smaller volume; the first storage area is positioned above the second storage area;
the gravity sorting mechanism comprises a gravity sorting rotating shaft and a gravity sorting driving mechanism for driving the gravity sorting rotating shaft to rotate, the gravity sorting rotating shaft is rotatably connected in the garbage storage box, and a plurality of groups of gravity sorting assemblies which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction and the axial direction are arranged on the gravity sorting rotating shaft respectively; the gravity sorting assembly comprises a gravity sorting claw and a gravity sorting spring, one end of the gravity sorting claw is connected to the gravity sorting rotating shaft through a hinge structure, the gravity sorting spring is connected to the gravity sorting rotating shaft through a fixing structure, and the other end of the gravity sorting spring is fixedly connected with the other end of the gravity sorting claw; in a state of no external force action, the gravity sorting spring urges the gravity sorting claw to extend outwards along the radial direction; the gravity sorting rotating shaft is positioned between the garbage throwing port and the inlet of the first storage area and between the garbage throwing port and the inlet of the second storage area, the gravity sorting rotating shaft is positioned above the second storage area, and the axis of the gravity sorting rotating shaft is higher than the position of the inlet of the first storage area; when the garbage with large mass is thrown on the gravity sorting claw, the gravity sorting claw swings along the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the gravity sorting rotating shaft, and the garbage with large mass slides down to the second storage area below from the gravity sorting claw.
2. The water surface garbage cleaning equipment according to claim 1, wherein the cable collecting driving mechanism comprises a cable collecting driving motor and a cable collecting transmission assembly, and the cable collecting driving motor is fixedly arranged on the mounting rack;
the cable collecting transmission assembly comprises a transmission gear, the transmission gear comprises a driving straight gear and a driven straight gear, the driving straight gear is connected with an output shaft of a cable collecting driving motor, and the driven straight gear is coaxially and fixedly connected with the cable collecting roller; the cable collecting roller is rotatably connected to the mounting rack.
3. The water surface garbage cleaning equipment according to claim 2, wherein the cable collecting transmission assembly further comprises a transmission shaft, and two ends of the transmission shaft are rotatably connected to the mounting rack;
the transmission gear also comprises a bevel gear set, and the bevel gear set comprises a driving bevel gear and a driven bevel gear; the driving bevel gear is coaxially and fixedly connected to an output shaft of the cable collecting driving motor; the driving straight gear and the driven bevel gear are both coaxially and fixedly connected with the transmission shaft.
4. The water surface garbage disposal apparatus of claim 1, wherein said garbage collecting device further comprises a lifting mechanism for lifting the transporting mechanism and the collecting mechanism, the lifting mechanism comprising a lifting driving mechanism; and under the non-working state of the conveyor belt, the conveying mechanism and the cable retracting mechanism are lifted by the lifting driving mechanism and are far away from the water surface.
5. The water surface garbage removing device according to claim 1, wherein the first storage area and the second storage area are provided with bottom surfaces which are obliquely arranged; the bottom surface of the second storage area is provided with a plurality of draining holes.
6. The water surface garbage cleaning equipment according to claim 1, wherein a compression mechanism for compressing garbage is arranged in the third storage area, the compression mechanism comprises a compression plate and a compression hydraulic cylinder, and the compression plate is fixedly connected with a telescopic rod of the compression hydraulic cylinder.
7. A method for cleaning water surface garbage applied to the water surface garbage cleaning apparatus of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the ship body is driven to the water surface to be cleaned, so that the cable collecting roller is close to the water surface;
the cable collecting roller is driven to rotate by the cable collecting driving mechanism to drive the cable collecting rod to move circumferentially so as to bring the garbage on the water surface to the conveyor belt;
the conveying belt is driven to move by the conveying driving mechanism, and the collected garbage is conveyed downwards to the garbage sorting device; the conveying operation of the conveying driving mechanism is as follows: when the transmission driving motor drives, the power is transmitted to the two compound gears through the transmission shaft and the bevel gear set, and the compound gears intermittently transmit the power to the transmission belt; in the rotating process, after the previous meshing stroke is finished, the next group of gear tooth structures to be meshed of the composite gear coaxially connected with the rotating shaft of the conveyor belt rotate to the corresponding meshing positions;
garbage is thrown onto a gravity sorting claw of the gravity sorting rotating shaft from a transfer disc, and the gravity sorting rotating shaft is intermittently driven to rotate by a gravity sorting driving mechanism;
when garbage with smaller mass is thrown into the gravity sorting claw, the gravity sorting claw keeps the posture in the normal range to support the garbage under the action of the gravity sorting spring, and the garbage is transferred into a first storage area of the garbage storage box along with the rotation of the gravity sorting rotating shaft;
when the garbage with larger mass is thrown on the gravity sorting claw, the gravity sorting claw swings along the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the gravity sorting rotating shaft, meanwhile, the gravity sorting spring is pulled to generate elastic deformation, and the garbage with larger mass slides to a second storage area below the gravity sorting claw;
and finally, releasing potential energy by the gravity sorting spring to recover deformation, driving the gravity sorting claw to reset, and preparing to transfer the next round of garbage.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein during the transfer of the waste from the conveyor belt to the transfer plate, the smaller waste falls through the prescreening opening into the lower buffer hopper, and the larger waste continues to be transported forward for preliminary sorting.
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| CN202210217909.7A CN114455013B (en) | 2022-03-07 | 2022-03-07 | Water surface garbage cleaning equipment and method |
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| CN201865088U (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2011-06-15 | 浙江工业大学 | Overwater rubbish collection and classification ship |
| CN107972826A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-05-01 | 江苏集萃智能制造技术研究所有限公司 | A kind of flexibility garbage on water independently clears up specialized robot system |
| CN207617937U (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-07-17 | 渤海大学 | A kind of ocean garbage cleaning device |
| CN108502119A (en) * | 2018-04-12 | 2018-09-07 | 长沙宁湖机械设备有限公司 | A kind of garbage on water classification cleaning machine |
| CN210391498U (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2020-04-24 | 北部湾大学 | Water surface garbage cleaning ship |
| WO2021014339A1 (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2021-01-28 | Vasudeva Keshav | A system for removal of solid waste from water bodies |
| CN212026188U (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-11-27 | 刘章平 | Big dipper garbage collection ship on water |
| CN112144493A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-12-29 | 李宣霖 | River course floating garbage cleaning device |
| CN113060438B (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2022-07-01 | 深圳世路源环境有限公司 | Robot capable of automatically compressing garbage after sorting garbage according to weight |
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