CN114453845A - Machining process for high-precision deformation-resistant non-standard bushing - Google Patents
Machining process for high-precision deformation-resistant non-standard bushing Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高精密度抗变形非标衬套加工工艺，具体包括以下步骤：S1、坯料铸造，S2、挤压处理，S3、粗加工，S4、淬火精加工，S5、加工检测，S6、R角加工：在数控电火花机床上对衬套工件内孔进行R角加工，通过电火花融化并氧化腐蚀衬套工件内孔上需要进行R角加工的部位，本发明涉及衬套加工技术领域。该高精密度抗变形非标衬套加工工艺，可实现在对衬套加工成形过程中，对衬套进行冲击加压，来增强衬套材质的致密性，很好的达到了通过采用冲击工序，使衬套的材质既紧致又稳定的目的，实现了通过对衬套的材质进行改进，来提升衬套的力学性能，大大延长了衬套的使用寿命，从而大大方便了人们长期使用衬套。
The invention discloses a high-precision anti-deformation non-standard bushing processing technology, which specifically comprises the following steps: S1, billet casting, S2, extrusion treatment, S3, rough machining, S4, quenching and finishing, S5, machining detection, S6, R-angle machining: R-angle machining is performed on the inner hole of the bushing workpiece on a CNC EDM machine, and the parts that need to be R-angled machining on the inner hole of the bushing workpiece are melted and corroded by electric sparks. The present invention relates to bushing machining technical field. The high-precision deformation-resistant non-standard bushing processing technology can realize the impact pressure on the bushing during the processing and forming process of the bushing to enhance the compactness of the bushing material, which is well achieved by adopting the impact process. , The purpose of making the material of the bushing is both compact and stable, realizing the improvement of the material of the bushing to improve the mechanical properties of the bushing, greatly extending the service life of the bushing, thus greatly facilitating people to use the bushing for a long time. set.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及衬套加工技术领域，具体为一种高精密度抗变形非标衬套加工工艺。The invention relates to the technical field of bushing processing, in particular to a high-precision deformation-resistant non-standard bushing processing technology.
背景技术Background technique
衬套是用于机械部件外，以达到密封、磨损保护等作用的配套件，是指起衬垫作用的环套。在阀门应用领域，衬套在阀盖之内，一般使用聚四氟乙烯或者石墨等耐腐材料，用于密封作用，在运动部件中，因为长期的磨擦而造成零件的磨损，当轴和孔的间隙磨损到一定程度的时候必须要更换零件，因此设计者在设计的时候选用硬度较低、耐磨性较好的材料为轴套或衬套，这样可以减少轴和座的磨损，当轴套或衬套磨损到一定程度进行更换，这样可以节约因更换轴或座的成本，一般来说，衬套与座采用过盈配合，而与轴采用间隙配合，因为无论怎么样还是无法避免磨损的，只能延长寿命，而轴类零件相对来说比较容易加工；也有一些新的设计人员不喜欢这样设计，认为这样是在制造的时候增加成本，但经过一段时间使用后，维修时还是要按这种方法改造，但改造容易造成设备的精度降低，原因很简单，二次加工是无法保证座孔中心的位置的补充一些，轴套在一些转速较低，径向载荷较高且间隙要求较高的地方(如凸轮轴)用来替代滚动轴承(其实轴套也算是一种滑动轴承)，材料要求硬度低且耐磨，轴套内孔经研磨刮削，能达到较高配合精度。Bushings are accessories that are used outside of mechanical parts to achieve sealing, wear protection, etc., and refer to the ring sleeve that acts as a gasket. In the field of valve applications, the bushing is inside the valve cover, and corrosion-resistant materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene or graphite are generally used for sealing. In the moving parts, the parts are worn due to long-term friction. When the clearance of the shaft is worn to a certain extent, the parts must be replaced, so the designer chooses the material with lower hardness and better wear resistance as the shaft sleeve or bushing in the design, which can reduce the wear of the shaft and the seat. If the sleeve or bushing is worn to a certain extent, it can be replaced, which can save the cost of replacing the shaft or seat. Generally speaking, the bushing and the seat adopt an interference fit, and a clearance fit with the shaft, because no matter what, it is unavoidable to avoid wear and tear. It can only prolong the life, and the shaft parts are relatively easy to process; there are also some new designers who do not like this design, thinking that it will increase the cost during manufacturing, but after a period of use, maintenance is still necessary. According to this method of transformation, but the transformation will easily reduce the accuracy of the equipment. The reason is very simple. The secondary processing cannot guarantee the position of the center of the seat hole. Higher places (such as camshafts) are used to replace rolling bearings (in fact, the bushing is also a kind of sliding bearing). The material requires low hardness and wear resistance. The inner hole of the bushing is ground and scraped to achieve high matching accuracy.
目前的衬套在加工过程中直接采用加工原料进行机加工成形，而这样生产的衬套硬度和抗冲击性能较差，不能实现在对衬套加工成形过程中，对衬套进行冲击加压，来增强衬套材质的致密性，无法达到通过采用冲击工序，使衬套的材质既紧致又稳定的目的，不能实现通过对衬套的材质进行改进，来提升衬套的力学性能，从而给人们长期使用衬套带来极大的不便。The current bushing is directly machined and formed by using processing raw materials during the processing process, but the bushing produced in this way has poor hardness and impact resistance, and cannot achieve impact pressure on the bushing during the processing and forming process of the bushing. To enhance the compactness of the bushing material, it is impossible to achieve the purpose of making the bushing material both compact and stable by using the impact process, and it is impossible to improve the mechanical properties of the bushing by improving the material of the bushing. People use the bushing for a long time to bring great inconvenience.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
(一)解决的技术问题(1) Technical problems solved
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种高精密度抗变形非标衬套加工工艺，解决了现有的衬套在加工过程中直接采用加工原料进行机加工成形，而这样生产的衬套硬度和抗冲击性能较差，不能实现在对衬套加工成形过程中，对衬套进行冲击加压，来增强衬套材质的致密性，无法达到通过采用冲击工序，使衬套的材质既紧致又稳定的目的，不能实现通过对衬套的材质进行改进，来提升衬套的力学性能的问题。In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a high-precision deformation-resistant non-standard bushing processing technology, which solves the problem that the existing bushing directly uses processing raw materials for machining and forming during the processing process, and the bushing produced in this way The hardness and impact resistance of the bushing are poor, and it is impossible to impact and pressurize the bushing in the process of forming the bushing to enhance the compactness of the bushing material, and it is impossible to achieve the impact process. The purpose of compactness and stability cannot be achieved by improving the material of the bushing to improve the mechanical properties of the bushing.
(二)技术方案(2) Technical solutions
为实现以上目的，本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：一种高精密度抗变形非标衬套加工工艺，具体包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a high-precision anti-deformation non-standard bushing processing technology, specifically comprising the following steps:
S1、坯料铸造：首先将待使用的铁锭投入熔炉内，使铁锭熔融成熔料，然后通过浇铸设备浇铸至衬套成形模具中，再依次经过冷却和开模工序，制得衬套坯料；S1. Billet casting: first put the iron ingot to be used into the furnace to melt the iron ingot into molten material, and then cast it into the lining forming mold through the casting equipment, and then go through the cooling and mold opening processes in turn to obtain the lining blank ;
S2、挤压处理：将步骤S1得到的衬套坯料转移至冲压设备上，对衬套坯料采用一定大小的冲压力冲压5-10min，使衬套坯料的表面紧致，当冲压至标准尺寸长度余量的1-2mm时，停止冲压；S2. Extrusion treatment: transfer the bushing blank obtained in step S1 to the stamping equipment, and press the bushing blank with a certain size of punching force for 5-10 minutes to make the surface of the bushing blank compact. When the margin is 1-2mm, stop stamping;
S3、粗加工：将步骤S2冲压完成后的衬套坯料放置在加工机床上进行工件粗加工，形成带有台阶的衬套工件；S3. Rough machining: place the liner blank after stamping in step S2 on the machine tool for rough machining of the workpiece to form a liner workpiece with steps;
S4、淬火精加工：将步骤S3粗加工完成后的工件进行900-1100℃的油冷淬火处理，油冷淬火处理完成后，对工件的外表面、内孔表面以及两个端面进行精加工，精加工至0.2-0.3mm的余量后，通过抛光设备进行研磨抛光至±0.1mm公差范围内；S4, quenching and finishing: the workpiece after rough machining in step S3 is subjected to oil-cooling quenching treatment at 900-1100 ° C. After the oil-cooling quenching treatment is completed, the outer surface, inner hole surface and two end faces of the workpiece are finished. After finishing to the allowance of 0.2-0.3mm, grind and polish to within the tolerance range of ±0.1mm by polishing equipment;
S5、加工检测：在外圆磨床上制成的外圆磨加工直径为5-6mm的芯棒，以及制成的内圆磨加工直径为8-9mm的芯筒，加工完成后将芯棒穿入衬套工件内孔，芯棒与衬套工件内孔间无间隙配合，并将芯筒穿入衬套工件外圆，芯筒与衬套工件外圆间无间隙配合；S5. Processing inspection: the mandrel with a diameter of 5-6mm is processed by the cylindrical grinding machine, and the mandrel with a diameter of 8-9mm is processed by the internal grinding machine. After the processing is completed, the mandrel is inserted into the There is no gap between the inner hole of the bushing workpiece, the mandrel and the inner hole of the bushing workpiece, and the core barrel is inserted into the outer circle of the bushing workpiece, and there is no gap between the core barrel and the outer circle of the bushing workpiece;
S6、R角加工：在数控电火花机床上对衬套工件内孔进行R角加工，通过电火花融化并氧化腐蚀衬套工件内孔上需要进行R角加工的部位。S6. R-angle machining: R-angle machining is performed on the inner hole of the bushing workpiece on the CNC EDM machine, and the parts that need to be R-angled on the inner hole of the bushing workpiece are melted and oxidatively corroded by the electric spark.
优选的，所述步骤S2中对衬套坯料采用的冲压力为300-500N。Preferably, the punching force used for the bushing blank in the step S2 is 300-500N.
优选的，所述步骤S3中粗加工的具体步骤如下：Preferably, the specific steps of rough machining in the step S3 are as follows:
T1、将衬套坯料先通过加工机床上的夹具进行夹持，再对衬套坯料的外圆进行切削，工件单边留有0.3-0.5mm的加工余量；T1. The bushing blank is first clamped by the fixture on the machining machine, and then the outer circle of the bushing blank is cut, leaving a machining allowance of 0.3-0.5mm on one side of the workpiece;
T2、对衬套坯料的内孔表面进行切削，留有0.3-0.5mm的加工余量。T2. Cut the inner hole surface of the bushing blank, leaving a machining allowance of 0.3-0.5mm.
优选的，所述步骤S5中芯棒和芯筒均采用40HRC的材料制成。Preferably, in the step S5, the mandrel and the mandrel are made of 40HRC material.
优选的，所述步骤S5中若芯棒与衬套工件内孔，以及芯筒与衬套工件外圆之间不能无间隙配合，则需要对衬套工件的外圆或内孔进行再次精加工处理。Preferably, in the step S5, if the mandrel and the inner hole of the bushing workpiece, as well as the mandrel and the outer circle of the bushing workpiece cannot fit without clearance, the outer circle or inner hole of the bushing workpiece needs to be finished again. deal with.
优选的，所述步骤S4中对衬套工件外圆进行精加工时，外圆磨砂轮转速为10000-12000r/min，进刀量为0.01-0.03mm。Preferably, when finishing the outer circle of the bushing workpiece in the step S4, the rotational speed of the outer cylindrical grinding wheel is 10000-12000 r/min, and the feed amount is 0.01-0.03 mm.
优选的，所述步骤S4中采用平面磨研磨衬套工件的两个端面，平面磨砂轮转速为25000-28000r/min，进刀量0.01-0.03mm。Preferably, in the step S4, plane grinding is used to grind the two end faces of the bushing workpiece, and the rotating speed of the plane grinding wheel is 25000-28000 r/min, and the feed amount is 0.01-0.03 mm.
优选的，所述步骤S1中熔炉的加热温度为1600-1700℃。Preferably, the heating temperature of the furnace in the step S1 is 1600-1700°C.
(三)有益效果(3) Beneficial effects
本发明提供了一种高精密度抗变形非标衬套加工工艺。与现有技术相比具备以下有益效果：该高精密度抗变形非标衬套加工工艺，具体包括以下步骤：S1、坯料铸造，S2、挤压处理，S3、粗加工，S4、淬火精加工：将步骤S3粗加工完成后的工件进行900-1100℃的油冷淬火处理，油冷淬火处理完成后，对工件的外表面、内孔表面以及两个端面进行精加工，精加工至0.2-0.3mm的余量后，通过抛光设备进行研磨抛光至±0.1mm公差范围内；S5、加工检测：在外圆磨床上制成的外圆磨加工直径为5-6mm的芯棒，以及制成的内圆磨加工直径为8-9mm的芯筒，加工完成后将芯棒穿入衬套工件内孔，芯棒与衬套工件内孔间无间隙配合，并将芯筒穿入衬套工件外圆，芯筒与衬套工件外圆间无间隙配合；S6、R角加工：在数控电火花机床上对衬套工件内孔进行R角加工，通过电火花融化并氧化腐蚀衬套工件内孔上需要进行R角加工的部位，可实现在对衬套加工成形过程中，对衬套进行冲击加压，来增强衬套材质的致密性，很好的达到了通过采用冲击工序，使衬套的材质既紧致又稳定的目的，实现了通过对衬套的材质进行改进，来提升衬套的力学性能，大大延长了衬套的使用寿命，从而大大方便了人们长期使用衬套。The invention provides a high-precision deformation-resistant non-standard bushing processing technology. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the high-precision anti-deformation non-standard bushing processing technology specifically includes the following steps: S1, billet casting, S2, extrusion treatment, S3, rough machining, S4, quenching and finishing : Perform oil-cooling quenching treatment at 900-1100°C on the workpiece after rough machining in step S3. After the oil-cooling quenching treatment is completed, finish machining the outer surface, inner hole surface and two end faces of the workpiece, and finish machining to 0.2- After the allowance of 0.3mm, it is ground and polished to within the tolerance range of ±0.1mm by polishing equipment; S5, processing inspection: the cylindrical grinding mandrel with a diameter of 5-6mm made on the cylindrical grinding machine, and the The inner cylindrical grinding process the core tube with a diameter of 8-9mm. After the processing is completed, the core rod is inserted into the inner hole of the bushing workpiece. There is no gap between the core rod and the inner hole of the bushing workpiece. Round, there is no gap between the core tube and the outer circle of the bushing workpiece; S6, R angle machining: R-angle machining is performed on the inner hole of the bushing workpiece on the CNC EDM machine, and the inner hole of the bushing workpiece is melted and oxidized by the electric spark. On the part that needs to be processed with R angle, the impact pressure can be applied to the bushing during the processing and forming of the bushing to enhance the compactness of the bushing material. The purpose of the material is compact and stable, and the mechanical properties of the bushing are improved by improving the material of the bushing, which greatly prolongs the service life of the bushing, thus greatly facilitating people to use the bushing for a long time.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的工艺流程图。Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
请参阅图1，本发明实施例提供三种技术方案：一种高精密度抗变形非标衬套加工工艺，具体包括以下实施例：Referring to FIG. 1, the embodiment of the present invention provides three technical solutions: a high-precision deformation-resistant non-standard bushing processing technology, which specifically includes the following embodiments:
实施例1Example 1
S1、坯料铸造：首先将待使用的铁锭投入熔炉内，使铁锭熔融成熔料，然后通过浇铸设备浇铸至衬套成形模具中，再依次经过冷却和开模工序，制得衬套坯料,熔炉的加热温度为1650℃；S1. Billet casting: first put the iron ingot to be used into the furnace to melt the iron ingot into molten material, and then cast it into the lining forming mold through the casting equipment, and then go through the cooling and mold opening processes in turn to obtain the lining blank , the heating temperature of the furnace is 1650 ℃;
S2、挤压处理：将步骤S1得到的衬套坯料转移至冲压设备上，对衬套坯料采用一定大小的冲压力冲压7min，使衬套坯料的表面紧致，当冲压至标准尺寸长度余量的1.5mm时，停止冲压，对衬套坯料采用的冲压力为400N；S2. Extrusion treatment: transfer the bushing blank obtained in step S1 to the stamping equipment, and press the bushing blank with a certain size of punching force for 7 minutes to make the surface of the bushing blank compact. When the thickness is 1.5mm, stop stamping, and the stamping force used for the bushing blank is 400N;
S3、粗加工：将步骤S2冲压完成后的衬套坯料放置在加工机床上进行工件粗加工，形成带有台阶的衬套工件；S3. Rough machining: place the liner blank after stamping in step S2 on the machine tool for rough machining of the workpiece to form a liner workpiece with steps;
S4、淬火精加工：将步骤S3粗加工完成后的工件进行1000℃的油冷淬火处理，油冷淬火处理完成后，对工件的外表面、内孔表面以及两个端面进行精加工，精加工至0.25mm的余量后，通过抛光设备进行研磨抛光至±0.1mm公差范围内,对衬套工件外圆进行精加工时，外圆磨砂轮转速为11000r/min，进刀量为0.02mm,采用平面磨研磨衬套工件的两个端面，平面磨砂轮转速为27000r/min，进刀量0.02mm；S4, quenching and finishing: the workpiece after rough machining in step S3 is subjected to oil-cooling quenching treatment at 1000°C. After the oil-cooling quenching treatment is completed, the outer surface, inner hole surface and two end faces of the workpiece are subjected to finishing machining. After the allowance of 0.25mm is reached, grinding and polishing are carried out by polishing equipment to within the tolerance range of ±0.1mm. When finishing the outer circle of the bushing workpiece, the rotation speed of the outer cylindrical grinding wheel is 11000r/min, and the feed amount is 0.02mm. The two end faces of the bushing workpiece are ground by plane grinding, the speed of the plane grinding wheel is 27000r/min, and the feed amount is 0.02mm;
S5、加工检测：在外圆磨床上制成的外圆磨加工直径为5.5mm的芯棒，以及制成的内圆磨加工直径为8.5mm的芯筒，加工完成后将芯棒穿入衬套工件内孔，芯棒与衬套工件内孔间无间隙配合，并将芯筒穿入衬套工件外圆，芯筒与衬套工件外圆间无间隙配合，芯棒和芯筒均采用40HRC的材料制成，若芯棒与衬套工件内孔，以及芯筒与衬套工件外圆之间不能无间隙配合，则需要对衬套工件的外圆或内孔进行再次精加工处理；S5. Processing inspection: The mandrel with a diameter of 5.5mm is machined on the cylindrical grinding machine, and the mandrel with a diameter of 8.5mm is machined by the internal grinding machine. After the machining is completed, the mandrel is inserted into the bushing There is no gap between the inner hole of the workpiece, the mandrel and the inner hole of the bushing workpiece, and the core barrel is inserted into the outer circle of the bushing workpiece, and there is no gap between the core barrel and the outer circle of the bushing workpiece. If the mandrel and the inner hole of the bushing workpiece, and the mandrel and the outer circle of the bushing workpiece cannot be matched without clearance, the outer circle or inner hole of the bushing workpiece needs to be finished again;
S6、R角加工：在数控电火花机床上对衬套工件内孔进行R角加工，通过电火花融化并氧化腐蚀衬套工件内孔上需要进行R角加工的部位。S6. R-angle machining: R-angle machining is performed on the inner hole of the bushing workpiece on the CNC EDM machine, and the parts that need to be R-angled on the inner hole of the bushing workpiece are melted and oxidatively corroded by the electric spark.
本发明实施例，步骤S3中粗加工的具体步骤如下：In the embodiment of the present invention, the concrete steps of rough machining in step S3 are as follows:
T1、将衬套坯料先通过加工机床上的夹具进行夹持，再对衬套坯料的外圆进行切削，工件单边留有0.4mm的加工余量；T1. The bushing blank is first clamped by the fixture on the machining machine, and then the outer circle of the bushing blank is cut, leaving a machining allowance of 0.4mm on one side of the workpiece;
T2、对衬套坯料的内孔表面进行切削，留有0.4mm的加工余量。T2. Cut the inner hole surface of the bushing blank, leaving a machining allowance of 0.4mm.
实施例2Example 2
S1、坯料铸造：首先将待使用的铁锭投入熔炉内，使铁锭熔融成熔料，然后通过浇铸设备浇铸至衬套成形模具中，再依次经过冷却和开模工序，制得衬套坯料,熔炉的加热温度为1600℃；S1. Billet casting: first put the iron ingot to be used into the furnace to melt the iron ingot into molten material, and then cast it into the lining forming mold through the casting equipment, and then go through the cooling and mold opening processes in turn to obtain the lining blank , the heating temperature of the furnace is 1600 ℃;
S2、挤压处理：将步骤S1得到的衬套坯料转移至冲压设备上，对衬套坯料采用一定大小的冲压力冲压5min，使衬套坯料的表面紧致，当冲压至标准尺寸长度余量的1mm时，停止冲压，对衬套坯料采用的冲压力为300N；S2. Extrusion treatment: transfer the bushing blank obtained in step S1 to the stamping equipment, and press the bushing blank with a certain size of punching force for 5 minutes to make the surface of the bushing blank compact. 1mm, stop stamping, and the stamping force used for the bushing blank is 300N;
S3、粗加工：将步骤S2冲压完成后的衬套坯料放置在加工机床上进行工件粗加工，形成带有台阶的衬套工件；S3. Rough machining: place the liner blank after stamping in step S2 on the machine tool for rough machining of the workpiece to form a liner workpiece with steps;
S4、淬火精加工：将步骤S3粗加工完成后的工件进行900℃的油冷淬火处理，油冷淬火处理完成后，对工件的外表面、内孔表面以及两个端面进行精加工，精加工至0.2mm的余量后，通过抛光设备进行研磨抛光至±0.1mm公差范围内,对衬套工件外圆进行精加工时，外圆磨砂轮转速为10000r/min，进刀量为0.01mm,采用平面磨研磨衬套工件的两个端面，平面磨砂轮转速为25000r/min，进刀量0.01mm；S4, quenching and finishing: the workpiece after rough machining in step S3 is subjected to oil-cooling quenching treatment at 900°C. After the oil-cooling quenching treatment is completed, the outer surface, inner hole surface and two end faces of the workpiece are subjected to finishing machining. After the allowance of 0.2mm is reached, the polishing equipment is used for grinding and polishing to within the tolerance range of ±0.1mm. When finishing the outer circle of the bushing workpiece, the rotation speed of the outer cylindrical grinding wheel is 10000r/min, and the feed amount is 0.01mm. The two end faces of the bushing workpiece are ground by plane grinding, the rotating speed of the plane grinding wheel is 25000r/min, and the feed amount is 0.01mm;
S5、加工检测：在外圆磨床上制成的外圆磨加工直径为5mm的芯棒，以及制成的内圆磨加工直径为8mm的芯筒，加工完成后将芯棒穿入衬套工件内孔，芯棒与衬套工件内孔间无间隙配合，并将芯筒穿入衬套工件外圆，芯筒与衬套工件外圆间无间隙配合，芯棒和芯筒均采用40HRC的材料制成，若芯棒与衬套工件内孔，以及芯筒与衬套工件外圆之间不能无间隙配合，则需要对衬套工件的外圆或内孔进行再次精加工处理；S5. Processing inspection: The mandrel with a diameter of 5mm is machined on the cylindrical grinding machine, and the mandrel with a diameter of 8mm is machined by the internal cylindrical grinding. After the machining is completed, the mandrel is inserted into the bushing workpiece There is no gap between the hole, the mandrel and the inner hole of the bushing workpiece, and the core barrel is inserted into the outer circle of the bushing workpiece, and there is no gap between the core barrel and the outer circle of the bushing workpiece. Both the mandrel and the core barrel are made of 40HRC material If there is no gap between the mandrel and the inner hole of the bushing workpiece, as well as the mandrel and the outer circle of the bushing workpiece, it is necessary to refinish the outer circle or inner hole of the bushing workpiece;
S6、R角加工：在数控电火花机床上对衬套工件内孔进行R角加工，通过电火花融化并氧化腐蚀衬套工件内孔上需要进行R角加工的部位。S6. R-angle machining: R-angle machining is performed on the inner hole of the bushing workpiece on the CNC EDM machine, and the parts that need to be R-angled on the inner hole of the bushing workpiece are melted and oxidatively corroded by the electric spark.
本发明实施例，步骤S3中粗加工的具体步骤如下：In the embodiment of the present invention, the concrete steps of rough machining in step S3 are as follows:
T1、将衬套坯料先通过加工机床上的夹具进行夹持，再对衬套坯料的外圆进行切削，工件单边留有0.3mm的加工余量；T1. The bushing blank is first clamped by the fixture on the machining machine, and then the outer circle of the bushing blank is cut, leaving a machining allowance of 0.3mm on one side of the workpiece;
T2、对衬套坯料的内孔表面进行切削，留有0.3mm的加工余量。T2. Cut the inner hole surface of the bushing blank, leaving a machining allowance of 0.3mm.
实施例3Example 3
S1、坯料铸造：首先将待使用的铁锭投入熔炉内，使铁锭熔融成熔料，然后通过浇铸设备浇铸至衬套成形模具中，再依次经过冷却和开模工序，制得衬套坯料,熔炉的加热温度为1700℃；S1. Billet casting: first put the iron ingot to be used into the furnace to melt the iron ingot into molten material, and then cast it into the lining forming mold through the casting equipment, and then go through the cooling and mold opening processes in turn to obtain the lining blank , the heating temperature of the furnace is 1700 ℃;
S2、挤压处理：将步骤S1得到的衬套坯料转移至冲压设备上，对衬套坯料采用一定大小的冲压力冲压10min，使衬套坯料的表面紧致，当冲压至标准尺寸长度余量的2mm时，停止冲压，对衬套坯料采用的冲压力为500N；S2. Extrusion treatment: transfer the bushing blank obtained in step S1 to the stamping equipment, and press the bushing blank with a certain size of punching force for 10 minutes to make the surface of the bushing blank compact. 2mm, stop stamping, and the stamping force used for the bushing blank is 500N;
S3、粗加工：将步骤S2冲压完成后的衬套坯料放置在加工机床上进行工件粗加工，形成带有台阶的衬套工件；S3. Rough machining: place the liner blank after stamping in step S2 on the machine tool for rough machining of the workpiece to form a liner workpiece with steps;
S4、淬火精加工：将步骤S3粗加工完成后的工件进行1100℃的油冷淬火处理，油冷淬火处理完成后，对工件的外表面、内孔表面以及两个端面进行精加工，精加工至0.3mm的余量后，通过抛光设备进行研磨抛光至±0.1mm公差范围内,对衬套工件外圆进行精加工时，外圆磨砂轮转速为12000r/min，进刀量为0.03mm,采用平面磨研磨衬套工件的两个端面，平面磨砂轮转速为28000r/min，进刀量0.03mm；S4, quenching and finishing: the workpiece after rough machining in step S3 is subjected to oil-cooling quenching treatment at 1100 ° C. After the oil-cooling quenching treatment is completed, the outer surface, inner hole surface and two end faces of the workpiece are subjected to finishing machining. After the allowance of 0.3mm is reached, the polishing equipment is used for grinding and polishing to within the tolerance range of ±0.1mm. When finishing the outer circle of the bushing workpiece, the rotation speed of the outer cylindrical grinding wheel is 12000r/min, and the feed amount is 0.03mm. The two end faces of the bushing workpiece are ground by plane grinding, the speed of the plane grinding wheel is 28000r/min, and the feed amount is 0.03mm;
S5、加工检测：在外圆磨床上制成的外圆磨加工直径为6mm的芯棒，以及制成的内圆磨加工直径为9mm的芯筒，加工完成后将芯棒穿入衬套工件内孔，芯棒与衬套工件内孔间无间隙配合，并将芯筒穿入衬套工件外圆，芯筒与衬套工件外圆间无间隙配合，芯棒和芯筒均采用40HRC的材料制成，若芯棒与衬套工件内孔，以及芯筒与衬套工件外圆之间不能无间隙配合，则需要对衬套工件的外圆或内孔进行再次精加工处理；S5. Processing inspection: The mandrel with a diameter of 6mm is machined on the cylindrical grinding machine, and the mandrel with a diameter of 9mm is machined by the internal cylindrical grinding. After the machining is completed, the mandrel is inserted into the bushing workpiece. There is no gap between the hole, the mandrel and the inner hole of the bushing workpiece, and the core barrel is inserted into the outer circle of the bushing workpiece, and there is no gap between the core barrel and the outer circle of the bushing workpiece. Both the mandrel and the core barrel are made of 40HRC material If there is no gap between the mandrel and the inner hole of the bushing workpiece, as well as the mandrel and the outer circle of the bushing workpiece, it is necessary to refinish the outer circle or inner hole of the bushing workpiece;
S6、R角加工：在数控电火花机床上对衬套工件内孔进行R角加工，通过电火花融化并氧化腐蚀衬套工件内孔上需要进行R角加工的部位。S6. R-angle machining: R-angle machining is performed on the inner hole of the bushing workpiece on the CNC EDM machine, and the parts that need to be R-angled on the inner hole of the bushing workpiece are melted and oxidatively corroded by the electric spark.
本发明实施例，步骤S3中粗加工的具体步骤如下：In the embodiment of the present invention, the concrete steps of rough machining in step S3 are as follows:
T1、将衬套坯料先通过加工机床上的夹具进行夹持，再对衬套坯料的外圆进行切削，工件单边留有0.5mm的加工余量；T1. The bushing blank is first clamped by the fixture on the machining machine, and then the outer circle of the bushing blank is cut, leaving a machining allowance of 0.5mm on one side of the workpiece;
T2、对衬套坯料的内孔表面进行切削，留有0.5mm的加工余量。T2. Cut the inner hole surface of the bushing blank, leaving a machining allowance of 0.5mm.
综上，本发明可实现在对衬套加工成形过程中，对衬套进行冲击加压，来增强衬套材质的致密性，很好的达到了通过采用冲击工序，使衬套的材质既紧致又稳定的目的，实现了通过对衬套的材质进行改进，来提升衬套的力学性能，大大延长了衬套的使用寿命，从而大大方便了人们长期使用衬套。To sum up, the present invention can realize the impact pressure on the bushing in the process of forming the bushing, so as to enhance the compactness of the bushing material. For the purpose of being consistent and stable, the mechanical properties of the bushing are improved by improving the material of the bushing, and the service life of the bushing is greatly prolonged, thereby greatly facilitating people to use the bushing for a long time.
同时本说明书中未作详细描述的内容均属于本领域技术人员公知的现有技术。Meanwhile, the contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any relationship between these entities or operations. any such actual relationship or sequence exists. Moreover, the terms "comprising", "comprising" or any other variation thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion such that a process, method, article or device comprising a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes not explicitly listed or other elements inherent to such a process, method, article or apparatus.
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, and substitutions can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the invention and modifications, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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| CN104476117A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-04-01 | 上海飞机制造有限公司 | High-accuracy thin-wall bush machining method |
| CN104550595A (en) * | 2015-01-14 | 2015-04-29 | 重庆焱炼重型机械设备股份有限公司 | Bush forging technology |
| CN107030209A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-08-11 | 浙江工贸职业技术学院 | A kind of Production of Stamping Die technique |
| CN108441672A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-08-24 | 浙江灿根智能科技有限公司 | A kind of casting method of large-scale copper alloy bushing |
| CN109482745A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-03-19 | 芜湖天金机械有限公司 | A kind of universal cage inner race process for stamping and forming of universal joint |
| CN109366109A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-02-22 | 海盐猛凌汽车配件有限公司 | Front of the car connecting bushing processing technology |
| CN110102974A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-09 | 海盐猛凌汽车配件有限公司 | A kind of rear steering machine bush processing technology |
| CN110026747A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-07-19 | 无锡亿锞精密机械有限公司 | The nonstandard bush processing technology of high precision |
| CN110026748A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2019-07-19 | 无锡亿锞精密机械有限公司 | Ultra-thin non-magnetic alloy steel inside and outside circle precise machining process |
| CN110625139A (en) * | 2019-10-08 | 2019-12-31 | 江西洪都航空工业集团有限责任公司 | Machining process for bushing with conical hole |
| CN113305234A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-27 | 杭州临安培富机车部件有限公司 | Method for finishing circle for producing sliding bearing bush |
| CN113414330A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-09-21 | 龙工（福建）铸锻有限公司 | Forging process for completing through hole of support shaft by one-step extrusion |
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