CN114453129B - Lead zinc ore recycling method - Google Patents
Lead zinc ore recycling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114453129B CN114453129B CN202210034646.6A CN202210034646A CN114453129B CN 114453129 B CN114453129 B CN 114453129B CN 202210034646 A CN202210034646 A CN 202210034646A CN 114453129 B CN114453129 B CN 114453129B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B1/00—Conditioning for facilitating separation by altering physical properties of the matter to be treated
Abstract
The invention discloses a lead zinc ore recycling method which comprises coarse grain crushing and grading, photoelectric tailing discarding, medium grain crushing and grading, heavy medium cyclone or jigging tailing discarding, fine crushing and spiral chute tailing discarding. According to the characteristic of raw ore, the invention combines the technology of coarse, medium and fine tailing discarding technology to perform three-stage pre-tailing discarding according to the principle of early-discarding sorting, so that not only can the waste rock in the ore be discarded to the maximum extent, but also a great amount of ore crushing and grinding costs are saved, the productivity and the grade of the raw ore to be sorted are improved, and the technical problem of high low-grade ore sorting cost is well solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to recycling of low-grade minerals, in particular to a lead-zinc ore recycling method.
Background
The lead-zinc ore resources in China are rich and widely distributed, but the ore types are complex, the co-associated components are more, the lean ores are more, the rich ores are less, the consumption of lead and zinc resources is continuously increased along with the development of national economy, the high-grade lead-zinc ore resources are less and less, and the high-efficiency reasonable development and utilization of low-grade lead-zinc resources occupy the absolute position of the development and utilization of lead-zinc resources at present. However, the low-grade lead zinc ore has low selectable economic value due to high beneficiation cost. Along with the continuous progress of mineral separation technology, a large number of new technologies and innovations and applications of new equipment enable low-grade mineral resources to be effectively developed and utilized.
At present, the main method for improving the economic value of low-grade ore is to pre-throw waste and then select, wherein the pre-throw waste technological means mainly comprise photoelectric intelligent pre-throw waste, a heavy medium cyclone, jigging pre-throw waste and the like, but the pre-throw waste is carried out by the single waste-throw technological means, the waste-throw rate is not high, most of waste tailings are piled or discarded, and the waste tailings cannot be developed and utilized, so that the environment is damaged or polluted.
The patent with publication number of CN103381388B discloses a tin recovery method of micro-fine low-grade secondary tailings, which comprises the steps of front re-tailing discarding, fine mud sorting and the like, wherein the front re-tailing discarding step of the secondary tailings comprises the steps of primary screening and grading, primary grinding and secondary screening and grading, and the fine mud sorting step comprises the steps of grading and cyclone treatment. The invention utilizes one-time screening and grading and one-stage grinding to grind tailings to 0.074mm, and then utilizes a roughing spiral chute to carry out secondary screening, thereby improving the throwing rate. The first-stage ore grinding of the invention consumes a large amount of energy and has high cost.
Patent publication No. 111250257a discloses a separation system and process for fluorite ore containing barite. The system comprises a crushing subsystem, a photoelectric beneficiation subsystem, a heavy medium beneficiation subsystem and a circulating subsystem, wherein the sorting effect of the system is required to be further improved.
The above-mentioned technological means related to coarse ore tailing disposal are relatively single, the disposal rate is not high, and most of the tailings are deposited or backfilled, so that the method is not effectively utilized, and the economic value cannot be produced. At present, most low-grade lead-zinc ores have the characteristic of uneven granularity of lead and zinc target mineral embedded cloth, and each tail-throwing technology process has an appropriate ore treatment granularity range, so that a single pretreatment tail-throwing technology is adopted, the process is simple, the tail-throwing effect is also general, and the tail-throwing rate is difficult to improve.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the lead zinc ore recycling method, which improves the throwing rate and the sorting effect.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a lead zinc ore recycling method comprises the following steps:
a. crushing and classifying coarse grains: coarse crushing and grading treatment are carried out on raw ores, and the coarse crushing and grading treatment are divided into three particle size ranges of 80 mm-12 mm, 12 mm-2 mm and-2 mm;
b. photoelectric tail-throwing: c, adopting photoelectric separation tailings discarding for the 80 mm-12 mm grain grade raw ore obtained in the step a to obtain photoelectric separation concentrate and photoelectric separation tailings;
c. crushing and grading the medium grains: crushing the photoelectric concentrate obtained in the step b to-12 mm, and screening the crushed concentrate into two particle fractions of 12-2 mm and-2 mm;
d. heavy medium cyclone or jigging tail discarding: combining the products of 12 mm-2 mm obtained in the step a and the step c, and carrying out secondary pre-tailing discarding by adopting a heavy medium cyclone or jigging tailing discarding to obtain secondary tailing discarding concentrate and secondary tailing discarding tailings;
e. finely crushing: finely crushing the secondary tail-throwing concentrate obtained in the step d to-2 mm;
f. spiral chute tail casting: combining raw ore with the diameter of-2 mm obtained in the step a, photoelectric concentrate with the diameter of-2 mm obtained in the step c and heavy medium cyclone concentrate with the diameter of-2 mm obtained in the step e, grinding until the particle size of-0.074 mm accounts for 20% -35%, and carrying out three-stage pre-tailing discarding by adopting a spiral chute to obtain chute concentrate and chute tailings.
According to the invention, the raw ores are classified, the novel intelligent photoelectric ore dressing machine, the heavy medium cyclone ore dressing machine and the spiral chute ore dressing machine are adopted for carrying out three-stage coarse grain tailing discarding treatment on the raw ores with different particle grades, waste rock entering and selecting can be discarded to the maximum extent, the tailing discarding rate is more than 75%, the tailing discarding loss rate is controlled to be about 10%, and the raw ore entering and selecting grade is improved by 4-6 times.
When the raw ore is lead-zinc ore with high lead content (the lead content in the raw ore is higher than 0.3), the 2-12 mm size-grade raw ore adopts a jigging tailing discarding process, and when the raw ore is lead-zinc ore with low lead content (the lead content in the raw ore is lower than 0.3), the 2-12 mm size-grade raw ore adopts a heavy medium cyclone tailing discarding process.
Further, the method further comprises the following steps after the step f:
g. and (3) flotation: grinding the chute concentrate obtained in the step f until the grain size of-0.074 mm accounts for 55% -85%, and then carrying out flotation to obtain lead concentrate, zinc concentrate and flotation tailings.
The processing capacity of the subsequent ore grinding flotation process is reduced, the energy consumption is greatly saved, and the production cost is reduced.
Further, after step g, the method further comprises the following steps:
h. step development of building material products from tailings at each level: developing the photoelectric tailings in the step b into coarse-grain building stones, developing the heavy-medium cyclone tailings in the step d into medium-grain building stones, developing the chute tailings in the step f into fine-grain building sand, and developing the flotation tailings in the step g into cement auxiliary materials for building.
And recycling according to the characteristics of throwing and removing the waste rocks and tailings of each grade.
Further, the raw ore comprises the following minerals in parts by mass: 0.05 to 0.25 mass part of galena, 1 to 3 mass parts of sphalerite, 0.05 to 0.1 mass part of pyrite, 85 to 95 mass parts of calcite and dolomite.
The invention adopts lead zinc ore with S, as content, so that the obtained tailings meet the safety requirements of building raw materials for cascade development.
Further, the density of the heavy medium in the heavy medium cyclone is 2.4-2.6 t/m 3 。
Further, in the step g, lead is firstly floated and then zinc is floated, the flotation recovery of the lead is one roughing, two scavenging and two concentrating, and the flotation recovery of the zinc is one roughing, two scavenging and three concentrating.
The invention is further illustrated below:
the photoelectric ore dressing in the step b is a process of identifying materials by utilizing the characteristic that different elements contained in different minerals in the ore have different attenuation capacities on X-rays, simulating human vision and brain by combining high-performance calculation and big data technology, distinguishing altered color, texture, fluorescence reaction and the like on the surface of the ore through different spectral imaging, and carrying out quick and accurate qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis on the ore and effectively and accurately sorting. The photoelectric mineral dressing determines the tailing removal rate by setting the content of the target mineral components in the material, and if the content of the target mineral components in the tailings is set to be removed, the content of the target mineral in the ore is high, the tailing removal rate is low, and the content of the target mineral in the ore is low, so that the tailing removal rate is high.
The step d heavy medium cyclone tailing discarding and the step f spiral chute tailing discarding are respectively the technical processes for realizing sorting by means of specific gravity difference of target minerals and gangue minerals in ores, in the sorting of the same ores, the optimal equipment parameters such as ore feeding pressure, ore feeding concentration and ore feeding amount are adjusted, and for the condition of different ore feeding grades, the width of an ore receiving port is adjusted to obtain different tailing discarding rates so as to achieve the required tailing discarding effect.
The flotation feeding is the concentrate after the photoelectric separation-heavy medium cyclone-spiral chute is subjected to the tail pre-casting, the feeding amount of the feeding in the flotation is equal to less than 30% of the raw ore, the feeding is subjected to fine grinding and then is subjected to flotation, the grinding flotation cost of the feeding in the grinding flotation section is visual, namely, the feeding cost is equal to more than 70%, the feeding grade of the feeding flotation is improved after the tail pre-casting, the ore mud content is reduced, the flotation effect is better, and the flotation agent consumption is also reduced. The productivity of the same ore grinding flotation equipment is greatly improved to more than 3 times, and the economic benefit of enterprises is greatly improved.
The whole set of process method can realize energy conservation and emission reduction, simultaneously realize comprehensive recycling of waste development, realize cascade development and comprehensive recycling of the low-sulfur low-grade lead-zinc ore, and solve the technical problems of single process of pre-tailing discarding of the original low-grade ore, low tailing discarding rate, waste tailing discarding or stacking of the discarded tailings and low comprehensive utilization degree.
The invention combines a plurality of waste disposal processes to realize that the three-stage pre-full-size tail disposal rate of the low-sulfur low-grade lead-zinc ore is more than 75 percent, and develops a comprehensive recycling scheme according to the size grade characteristics of the pre-disposal tail ore in a gradient manner, namely: coarse-grain photoelectric tailings are developed into building stones, medium-grain heavy-medium cyclone tailings are developed into building coarse sand, fine-grain spiral chute tailings are developed into building fine sand, and flotation tailings are developed into cement auxiliary materials and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) By combining various pre-tail-casting technical means, the high-efficiency pre-tail-casting is realized: the invention combines: the three pre-tailing discarding technologies of the intelligent photoelectric separation technology, the heavy medium spiral separation technology and the spiral chute are used for realizing the full-size three-stage pre-tailing discarding of the low-grade lead-zinc ore, the tailing discarding rate is up to more than 75%, the ore entering amount of ore grinding and flotation is greatly reduced, the ore separation cost is saved, and the method is easy to implement industrially.
(2) After the tailings are thrown in advance, the ore feeding grade of flotation is improved by 3-6 times, the gangue and the mud content of the ore fed into flotation are reduced, the dosage of flotation agents is also reduced, the productivity of the same ore grinding flotation equipment is greatly improved to be more than 3 times, and the economic benefit of enterprises is greatly improved.
(3) The tailings after the tail is thrown at each level are developed into building materials in a cascade way, so that waste is changed into valuable, and the economic value of the raw ore is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a detailed process flow diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The lead and zinc grades of certain low-grade lead-zinc sulfide ores are 0.6% -1.8%, main metal minerals in the ores are sphalerite, galena, pyrite, trace limonite, hematite, white lead ore, siderite and the like, gangue minerals are mainly calcite, a small amount of dolomite, quartz, sericite, chlorite and the like, a small amount of barite even fluorite, tremolite and the like, and the main mineral compositions are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Main mineral composition and relative content thereof
According to the method of the invention, the steps of carrying out step coarse grain pre-tailing discarding, flotation and lead-zinc recovery and step development on each level of tailings on the low-grade lead-zinc sulfide ore are tested by adopting the process flow shown in the figures 1-2, and further explanation is that the density of the heavy medium adopted in the pre-tailing discarding of the heavy medium cyclone in the embodiment is 2.55 t/m 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The process flow of the lead and zinc flotation recovery link is as follows: the flotation and ore grinding fineness of-74 um accounts for about 70 percent, lead and zinc are sequentially subjected to preferential flotation, middling is sequentially returned to the process, the flotation recovery of lead is one roughing, two scavenging and two concentrating, and the flotation recovery of zinc is one roughing, two scavenging and three concentrating.
The following test results were obtained in this example:
table 2 example preliminary tail-flung+flotation test results (%)
According to the embodiment, the pre-tailing discarding process is combined by adopting the photoelectric separation, the heavy medium cyclone and the spiral chute, so that the pre-tailing discarding rate is 75.27%, the lead and zinc loss rate in the total tailing discarding process is controlled to be about 10%, and the lead and zinc grade in the total tailing discarding process is improved from 0.28%, 1.46 to 1.01% and 5.32%, so that the pre-tailing discarding test effect is ideal.
The photoelectric tailings, the dense medium cyclone tailings, the chute tailings and the flotation tailings are analyzed and detected, the photoelectric tailings, the dense medium cyclone tailings, the chute tailings and the flotation tailings do not contain radioactive element components, the S, as content of unfavorable building materials is extremely low and is below 0.05%, the requirements on the safety of building raw materials for cascade development are met, and the photoelectric tailings, the dense medium cyclone tailings, the chute tailings and the flotation tailings can be used as building materials such as building stones, sand, cement auxiliary materials and the like in all cascade development.
In the embodiment, after the photoelectric separation-heavy medium cyclone-spiral chute is subjected to pre-tailing discarding, the flotation feeding amount is about 25% of the raw ore amount, the 25% of the feeding is subjected to fine grinding and then is subjected to floatation, the grinding floatation cost of the feeding into the grinding floatation section is visual, namely, the feeding grade of the feeding into the floatation is improved, the ore mud content is reduced, the floatation effect is better, and the use amount of floatation agents is correspondingly reduced slightly. The productivity of the same grinding flotation equipment is greatly improved to more than 3 times, the energy conservation and emission reduction are realized, the production productivity is also greatly improved, meanwhile, tailings which are thrown away in advance are subjected to step development to form building raw materials, and the economic benefit of enterprises is greatly improved.
Example expected benefit estimation:
compared with the original ore dressing process, the new ore dressing process can reduce the ore dressing cost by about 45 percent, the ton ore value can be increased by more than 30 to 40 yuan, and the investment of the ore dressing plant is close to that of the original ore dressing process.
The intelligent photoelectric ore dressing and heavy medium cyclone ore dressing cost is 10 yuan/ton of raw ore, the ore dressing cost of the grinding and floating section is basically consistent with or slightly lower than the cost of the existing ore dressing process, namely about 30-40 yuan/ton-ore feeding, but the amount of ore entering the grinding and floating ore dressing of the new process is only 20-30% of the existing ore, so that the total ore dressing cost can be greatly reduced, and the treatment cost of each ton of raw ore can be expected to be saved by 20-30 yuan/ton compared with the existing process.
After the new process is adopted, compared with the existing process, the value of the obtained lead-zinc concentrate is basically unchanged, and the yield value of each ton of raw ore can be increased by 30-40 yuan when the building material product is calculated according to 30-40 yuan/ton of factory price.
From the mineral dressing investment, the intelligent photoelectric equipment, the dense medium cyclone equipment, the chute equipment and the like are added, but the treatment capacity of the grinding and floating section is greatly reduced (only 1/4 of the prior art), and the grinding and floating equipment investment is only about 1/3 of the prior art, so the total investment is not expected to change greatly.
Therefore, the daily treatment capacity of the new concentrating mill is calculated to be 2000t, and compared with the original concentrating process, the new concentrating process is expected to increase economic benefit of about 3300 ten thousand yuan for enterprises each year.
Claims (6)
1. The lead zinc ore recycling method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. crushing and classifying coarse grains: coarse crushing and grading treatment are carried out on raw ores, and the coarse crushing and grading treatment are divided into three particle size ranges of 80 mm-12 mm, 12 mm-2 mm and-2 mm;
b. photoelectric tail-throwing: c, adopting photoelectric separation tailings discarding for the 80 mm-12 mm grain grade raw ore obtained in the step a to obtain photoelectric separation concentrate and photoelectric separation tailings;
c. crushing and grading the medium grains: crushing the photoelectric concentrate obtained in the step b to-12 mm, and screening the crushed concentrate into two particle fractions of 12-2 mm and-2 mm;
d. heavy medium cyclone or jigging tail discarding: combining the products of 12 mm-2 mm obtained in the step a and the step c, and carrying out secondary pre-tailing discarding by adopting a heavy medium cyclone or jigging tailing discarding to obtain secondary tailing discarding concentrate and secondary tailing discarding tailings;
e. finely crushing: finely crushing the secondary tail-throwing concentrate obtained in the step d to-2 mm;
f. spiral chute tail casting: combining raw ore with the diameter of-2 mm obtained in the step a, photoelectric concentrate with the diameter of-2 mm obtained in the step c and secondary tailing-throwing concentrate with the diameter of-2 mm obtained in the step e, grinding until the size of-0.074 mm accounts for 20% -35%, and carrying out three-stage preliminary tailing-throwing by adopting a spiral chute to obtain chute concentrate and chute tailings.
2. The lead zinc ore recycling method according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps after the step f:
g. and (3) flotation: grinding the chute concentrate obtained in the step f until the grain size of-0.074 mm accounts for 55% -85%, and then carrying out flotation to obtain lead concentrate, zinc concentrate and flotation tailings.
3. The lead zinc ore recycling method according to claim 2, characterized by further comprising the following steps after step g:
h. step development of building material products from tailings at each level: developing the photoelectric tailings in the step b into coarse-grain building stones, developing the secondary tailings in the step d into medium-grain building stones, developing the chute tailings in the step f into fine-grain building sand, and developing the flotation tailings in the step g into cement auxiliary materials for building.
4. A lead zinc ore recycling method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the raw ore comprises the following minerals in parts by mass: 0.05 to 0.25 mass part of galena, 1 to 3 mass parts of sphalerite, 0.05 to 0.1 mass part of pyrite, 85 to 95 mass parts of calcite and dolomite.
5. A lead zinc ore recycling method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the density of the heavy medium in the heavy medium cyclone is 2.4-2.6 t/m 3 。
6. A lead zinc ore recycling method according to any one of claims 2-3, characterized in that: in the step g, lead is firstly floated and then zinc is floated, the flotation recovery of the lead is one roughing, two scavenging and two concentrating, and the flotation recovery of the zinc is one roughing, two scavenging and three concentrating.
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| CN115121365B (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2023-04-04 | 阿巴嘎旗金地矿业有限责任公司 | Intelligent molybdenum ore sorting and pre-throwing process |
| CN115870090A (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-03-31 | 中国矿业大学 | Gradient waste-throwing sorting quality-improving system and process for coarse-grained sulfide ore |
| CN116116568B (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-08-18 | 保山金厂河矿业有限公司 | Beneficiation method for efficiently recycling valuable components from low-grade zinc oxide ores |
| CN116943856B (en) * | 2023-09-20 | 2023-11-28 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Method for effectively recovering chromite |
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