CN115870090A - Gradient waste-throwing sorting quality-improving system and process for coarse-grained sulfide ore - Google Patents
Gradient waste-throwing sorting quality-improving system and process for coarse-grained sulfide ore Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coarse-grained sulfide ore step waste-throwing separation quality-improving system and a process, belongs to the technical field of mineral separation and recovery, and solves the problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency of the existing sulfide ore separation in the prior art. The invention comprises a lump ore waste-throwing unit, a coarse ore sand waste-throwing unit and an ore grinding flotation unit; the lump ore waste throwing unit is used for pre-crushing, screening, grading and throwing waste to the crude sulfide ore to obtain massive waste rocks, undersize products and massive concentrate products; the coarse-grained ore sand waste-throwing unit is used for carrying out multi-stage crushing and fluidized flotation waste throwing on the undersize product and the blocky concentrate product to obtain a tailing product and fluidized flotation concentrate; the grinding flotation unit is used for carrying out primary roughing, secondary concentration and secondary scavenging on the fluidized flotation concentrate to obtain concentrate and tailing products. The invention realizes the step waste disposal of the sulfide ore vein stone particles, reduces the ore grinding load and increases the flotation efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral separation and recovery, in particular to a coarse-grained sulfide ore step waste-throwing separation quality-improving system and process.
Background
The sulphide ore is a mineral resource with extremely high application value, and various metals mainly exist in the nature in the form of sulphide ore. The processed and smelted product of the sulfide ore is a basic raw material in various processing and manufacturing industries such as aviation, aerospace, electronics, high-end manufacturing and the like, and the efficient low-carbon utilization of sulfide ore resources has great significance for the economic development of China.
The separation and pre-enrichment of the raw ore is the premise of realizing the efficient low-carbon utilization of resources, and the flotation is the most effective means for the separation and pre-enrichment of the sulfide ore under the influence of the disseminated characteristic of valuable components in the ore. The ore dissociation is the premise of realizing the selective recovery of different components of the sulphide ore, the traditional sulphide ore separation and recovery mostly adopts a multi-section crushing and grinding and flotation process, raw ore needs to be directly dissociated to the required size fraction of flotation, in order to ensure the quality of concentrate, the granularity of a ground ore product is mostly-100 mu m, and a large amount of gangue has a serious over-grinding phenomenon, so that the energy consumption of crushing and grinding operation is rapidly increased; meanwhile, excessive fine gangue caused by crushing and dissociating the whole raw ore is easy to generate a fine mud entrainment phenomenon, so that the flotation efficiency is low; in addition, the too fine granularity of the flotation tailings also causes the problems of difficult building material utilization, too high dam-piling load of a tailing pond and the like. With the increasing demand of society on sulphide ore resources, the low quality of newly-mined ores is aggravated, valuable metal inlays increasingly present the characteristics of poor quality, fine quality and impurity quality, and the problems of high energy consumption, low efficiency, low tailing utilization rate and the like in sulphide ore flotation are aggravated.
The advanced waste disposal of the gangue particles is an effective way for relieving the problems of high energy consumption, low efficiency, low tailing utilization rate and the like of the traditional process, but in the existing waste disposal process, the gangue disposal mostly only takes lump ore as a separation object, and the gangue disposal rate is very limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the embodiment of the invention aims to provide a system and a process for grading, separating and upgrading coarse-grained sulfide ore by gradient waste throwing, so as to solve the problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency of the conventional sulfide ore separation.
On one hand, the invention provides a coarse vulcanized ore step waste polishing, sorting and upgrading system, which comprises a lump ore waste polishing unit, a coarse ore sand waste polishing unit and an ore grinding flotation unit;
the lump ore waste throwing unit is used for pre-crushing, screening, grading and throwing waste to the crude sulfide ore to obtain massive waste rocks, undersize products and massive concentrate products;
the coarse-grained ore sand waste-throwing unit is used for carrying out multi-stage crushing and fluidized flotation waste throwing on the undersize product and the blocky concentrate product to obtain a tailing product and fluidized flotation concentrate;
the grinding flotation unit is used for carrying out primary roughing, secondary concentration and secondary scavenging on the fluidized flotation concentrate to obtain concentrate and tailing products.
Further, the lump ore waste throwing unit comprises a jaw crusher, a lump ore classifying screen, an XRT intelligent photoelectric separator and a rotary crusher which are arranged in the material flow sequence.
Furthermore, the undersize output end of the lump ore classifying screen is connected with the input end of the gyratory crusher, the oversize output end of the lump ore classifying screen is connected with the input end of the XRT intelligent photoelectric separator, one output end of the XRT intelligent photoelectric separator is connected with the gyratory crusher, and the other output end of the XRT intelligent photoelectric separator outputs the blocky waste rocks.
Further, the coarse-grained ore sand waste throwing unit comprises a high-pressure roller mill, a relaxation sieve and a first pulp mixer;
the output end of the gyratory crusher is connected with the input end of the high-pressure roller mill, the output end of the high-pressure roller mill is connected with the flip-flow screen, the undersize output end of the flip-flow screen is connected with the first pulp mixer, and the oversize output end of the flip-flow screen is connected with the input end of the high-pressure roller mill.
Further, the coarse-grained ore sand waste-throwing unit also comprises a first flotation machine, a tower-type grinder and a second flotation machine;
the output end of the first pulp mixer is connected with the input end of the first flotation machine, the overflow output end of the first flotation machine is connected with the input end of the tower-type grinding machine, the underflow output end of the first flotation machine is connected with the second flotation machine, and the overflow output end of the second flotation machine is connected with the input end of the tower-type grinding machine.
Further, the ore grinding flotation unit comprises a hydraulic cyclone and a second slurry mixer;
the output end of the tower type grinding machine is connected with the input end of the water conservancy swirler, the overflow output end of the water conservancy swirler is connected with the input end of the second paste mixer, and the underflow output end of the water conservancy swirler is connected with the input end of the tower type grinding machine.
Further, the ore grinding flotation unit also comprises a roughing flotation column, a fourth pulp mixer and a first concentrating flotation column;
the output of second size mixing machine with the input of rougher flotation column is connected, the overflow delivery outlet of rougher flotation column with the input of fourth size mixing machine is connected, the output of fourth size mixing machine is connected the input of first choice flotation column, the underflow output of first choice flotation column is connected the input of second size mixing machine.
Further, the ore grinding flotation unit also comprises a fifth size mixer and a second concentration flotation column;
the overflow output end of the first concentration flotation column is connected with the input end of the fifth pulp mixer, the output end of the fifth pulp mixer is connected with the input end of the second concentration flotation column, and the underflow output end of the second concentration flotation column is connected with the input end of the fourth pulp mixer.
Further, the ore grinding flotation unit also comprises a third slurry mixer, a first scavenging flotation machine and a second scavenging flotation machine;
the underflow output port of the roughing flotation column is connected with the third pulp mixer, the output end of the third pulp mixer is connected with the input end of the first scanning flotation machine, the overflow input port of the first scanning flotation machine is connected with the input end of the second pulp mixer, the underflow output port of the first scanning flotation machine is connected with the input end of the second scanning flotation machine, and the overflow output port of the second scanning flotation machine is connected with the input end of the third pulp mixer.
On the other hand, the invention provides a coarse vulcanized ore step waste-throwing sorting quality-improving process, which adopts the coarse vulcanized ore step waste-throwing sorting quality-improving system and comprises the following steps:
step S1: throwing waste of lump ore;
step S2: polishing waste of coarse-grained ore sand;
and step S3: grinding and floating.
Further, in the step S1, a jaw crusher pre-crushes raw sulfide ore, a lump ore classifying screen sieves pre-crushed products, oversize products are fed into an XRT intelligent photoelectric separator for lump ore waste disposal, lump tailing products after being separated by the XRT intelligent photoelectric separator are lump ore waste rocks, and lump concentrate products and undersize products of the lump ore classifying screen are fed into a rotary crusher together for rough crushing.
Further, in the step S2, coarse crushing products of the gyratory crusher are fed into the high-pressure roller mill to perform ultrafine crushing operation, ultrafine crushing products of the high-pressure roller mill are fed into the flip sieve to be classified, fine-grained materials below the flip sieve are conveyed to the first pulp mixer to be subjected to pulp mixing, and coarse-grained materials on the flip sieve are returned to the high-pressure roller mill to be crushed again.
Further, in the step S2, the product after size mixing by the first size mixer is fed into the first flotation machine for separation, the separated first-stage fluidized flotation concentrate is fed into the tower mill, the separated first-stage fluidized flotation tailings from the first flotation machine are fed into the second flotation machine for secondary separation, the separated second-stage fluidized flotation concentrate is fed into the tower mill along with the first-stage fluidized flotation concentrate, and the separated underflow tailings from the second flotation machine are output to obtain tailings.
Further, in the step S3, the ground ore of the tower mill is fed into a hydrocyclone for classification, the sorted fine material is discharged along with overflow of the hydrocyclone and fed into a second paste mixer, and the sorted coarse material is discharged along with underflow of the hydrocyclone and returned to the tower mill.
Further, in the step S3, the fine ore pulp product processed by the second pulp mixer is fed into a rougher flotation column, rougher concentrate overflow sorted by the rougher flotation column is fed into a fourth pulp mixer, and rougher tailings underflow sorted by the rougher flotation column is fed into a third pulp mixer.
Further, in step S3, the rougher concentrate treated by the fourth slurry mixer emphasizes that the slurry product is fed into the first concentration flotation column, the first concentration concentrate overflow separated by the first concentration flotation column is fed into the fifth slurry mixer, the first-stage concentration tailings underflow separated by the first concentration flotation column returns to the second slurry mixer, the pulp treated by the fifth slurry mixer is fed into the second concentration flotation column, the second-stage concentration tailings underflow separated by the second concentration flotation column returns to the fourth slurry mixer, and the second-stage concentration concentrate overflow separated by the second concentration flotation column is discharged as the final concentrate product.
Further, in step S3, the rougher tailings processed by the third slurry mixer emphasize pulp products and are fed into the first scavenger flotation machine, the first scavenged concentrate overflow sorted by the first scavenger flotation machine returns to the second slurry mixer, the first scavenged tailings underflow sorted by the first scavenger flotation machine is fed into the second scavenger flotation machine, the second scavenged concentrate overflow sorted by the second scavenger flotation machine returns to the third slurry mixer, and the tailings underflow sorted by the second scavenger flotation machine is discharged to be final tailings products.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, gangue particle step waste disposal is respectively carried out on the sulfide ore blocks and the millimeter-grade ore sand by means of the XRT intelligent photoelectric separator and the fluidized flotation machine, so that the energy consumption of a system grinding process and the pressure of a flotation system are effectively reduced.
(2) The invention produces two tailing products of massive waste rock (+ 25 mm) and millimeter-sized tailings, and effectively reduces the yield of flotation tailings by pre-polishing waste, thereby relieving the pressure of a tailing pond; the waste stone and the tailings have extremely high building material utilization potential and remarkable economic benefit.
(3) The millimeter-grade ore sand waste disposal method adopts two-stage fluidized flotation waste disposal, and a fluidized flotation machine in the first-stage waste disposal process is set by low water velocity and low gas flow, and fine concentrate and coarse monomer particles which are easy to float in ore sand are recovered in advance; the fluidized flotation machine in the two-stage waste throwing process is set by high water velocity and high air flow, and the particles which are difficult to float in the ore sand are recovered, so that the grade of the tailings reaches the standard; through the setting of two-stage fluidized flotation, the flotation parameters of particles with different floatability aiming at ore sand are distributed and adjusted, the step-by-step recovery of particles which are easy to float and difficult to float in wide-size-fraction particles is realized, the adjustable parameters in the process are more, the adjustability of product properties is better, the overall energy consumption and water consumption of the ore sand waste throwing process are lower compared with those of the traditional one-stage fluidized flotation waste throwing process, and the ore sand waste throwing cost is effectively reduced.
(4) In the millimeter-grade ore sand pre-crushing procedure, the traditional fine crushing-coarse grinding operation is replaced by the high-pressure roller mill-based ultrafine crushing operation, so that the system process is greatly simplified; the quasi-static pressure crushing characteristic of the high-pressure roller mill greatly reduces the energy consumption of crushing operation, and meanwhile, the high-pressure roller mill has the characteristic of crushing a material layer of the material, so that the abrasion is obviously reduced, and the overall cost of the millimeter-grade ore sand pre-crushing process is obviously lower.
(5) In the millimeter-grade ore sand pre-crushing process, the relaxation sieve is used for classifying the superfine crushed products of the high-pressure roller mill, so that the classifying operation efficiency of the superfine crushed products is improved, and the energy consumption of the classifying operation is effectively reduced.
(6) The fine grinding operation before the micro-fine particle flotation operation adopts the ceramic medium tower type grinder to replace the traditional ball mill or rod mill, and effectively reduces the operation energy consumption of equipment and realizes the further low-cost operation of an ore recovery process by strongly extruding, grinding and internally grading the ore.
(7) According to the invention, the wide-grain-level pre-selection efficient pulp mixer is used for mixing the millimeter-level ore sand before coarse grain fluidized flotation, the fine grain pulp is mixed by the fine grain multi-section stirring circulation pulp mixer before roughing, primary concentration and secondary concentration by the fine grain flotation process, and the fine grain pulp is mixed by the corresponding pulp mixing equipment, so that the dispersion of a medicament in the pulp is effectively promoted, the dispersion among grains and the stripping of fine gangue from the surface of the ore are strengthened, the collision of the grain medicament is strengthened, the pulp mixing effect is greatly improved, and the separation and recovery of valuable components in the subsequent fluidized flotation process are promoted.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a coarse grain sulfide ore step waste-throwing sorting quality-improving system according to an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a coarse-grained sulfide ore gradient waste-throwing sorting quality-improving process according to an embodiment.
Reference numerals are as follows:
1-jaw crusher; 2-lump ore grading sieve; 3-XRT intelligent photoelectric separator; 4-gyratory crusher; 5-high pressure roller mill; 6-relaxation sieve; 7-a first paste mixer; 8-a first flotation machine; 9-tower mill; 10-a second flotation machine; 11-a hydrocyclone; 12-a second pulper; 13-a rougher flotation column; 14-a third paste mixer; 15-a fourth paste mixer; 16-a first concentrating flotation column; 17-a fifth paste mixer; 18-a second concentrating flotation column; 19-first sweeping flotation machine; 20-second scavenging flotation machine.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the embodiments of the invention serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit its scope.
Example 1
One embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, discloses a coarse vulcanized ore step-polishing, sorting and upgrading system (hereinafter referred to as sorting and upgrading system), which comprises a lump ore polishing and upgrading unit, a coarse ore sand polishing and upgrading unit and an ore grinding flotation unit. The lump ore waste throwing unit is used for pre-crushing, screening, grading and throwing waste to sulphide ore raw ores to obtain blocky waste stones, undersize products and blocky concentrate products, the coarse grain ore waste throwing unit is used for carrying out multi-stage crushing and fluidized flotation waste throwing to the undersize products and the blocky concentrate products to obtain tailing products and fluidized flotation concentrates, and the grinding flotation unit is used for carrying out primary roughing, secondary concentrating and secondary scavenging to the fluidized flotation concentrates to obtain concentrates and tailing products.
The useless unit is thrown to lump ore includes jaw breaker 1, lump ore classifying screen 2, XRT intelligence photoelectric separator 3 and gyratory crusher 4, the sulphide ore raw ore is carried in jaw breaker 1, jaw breaker 1's output is connected with lump ore classifying screen 2, the undersize output of lump ore classifying screen 2 is connected with gyratory crusher 4's input, the oversize output of lump ore classifying screen 2 is connected with XRT intelligence photoelectric separator 3's input, gyratory crusher 4 is connected to an output of XRT intelligence photoelectric separator 3, another output outputs barren rock. Preferably, the lump ore classifying screen 2 has a screen hole diameter of 25mm.
In this embodiment, after raw ore is crushed by a jaw crusher 1, a pre-crushed product is classified by a lump ore classifying screen 2 with a screen aperture of 25mm, an undersize product is fed into a gyratory crusher 4, an oversize product is fed into an XRT intelligent photoelectric separator 3 for separation and waste disposal, lump gangue particle waste disposal becomes waste stone, and a large amount of photoelectric separation lump concentrate containing valuable components is fed into the gyratory crusher 4 along with an undersize product of the lump ore classifying screen 2.
The coarse-grained ore sand waste throwing unit comprises a high-pressure roller mill 5, a flip-flow screen 6 and a first pulp mixer 7, wherein the first pulp mixer 7 is used for efficient pulp mixing before wide-grain size separation, the output end of the gyratory crusher 4 is connected with the input end of the high-pressure roller mill 5, the output end of the high-pressure roller mill 5 is connected with the flip-flow screen 6, the undersize output end of the flip-flow screen 6 is connected with the first pulp mixer 7, the oversize output end of the flip-flow screen 6 is connected with the input end of the high-pressure roller mill 5, namely oversize materials of the flip-flow screen 6 are circularly returned to the high-pressure roller mill 5 for re-grinding. Preferably, the diameter of the mesh of the relaxation screen 6 is 1.5mm.
The coarse-grained ore sand waste-throwing unit further comprises a first flotation machine 8, a tower-type grinder 9 and a second flotation machine 10, wherein the first flotation machine 8 carries out first-stage fluidized flotation, the second flotation machine 10 carries out second-stage fluidized flotation, the output end of the first pulp mixer 7 is connected with the input end of the first flotation machine 8, the overflow output end of the first flotation machine 8 is connected with the input end of the tower-type grinder 9, the underflow output end of the first flotation machine 8 is connected with the second flotation machine 10, the overflow output end of the second flotation machine 10 is connected with the input end of the tower-type grinder 9, and the underflow output end of the second flotation machine 10 outputs tailings.
Preferably, tower mill 9 is a ceramic media tower mill. The ceramic medium tower mill is adopted to replace the traditional ball mill/rod mill to carry out fine grinding operation, and the low energy consumption and high efficiency of the fine grinding operation are realized by means of the high-efficiency crushing equipment. In order to realize stable operation of the ceramic medium tower type mill, the whole density of the ore grinding pulp is preferably kept at 3.00kg/cm 3 The following.
In the embodiment, undersize products of the photoelectric sorting lump ore and lump ore classifying screen 2 are subjected to coarse crushing treatment by a rotary crusher 4, the coarsely crushed products enter a high-pressure roller mill 5 for superfine crushing, the ultrafine crushed products are classified by a flip-flow screen 6 with a screen hole of 1.5mm, undersize products of the flip-flow screen 6 enter a first pulp mixer 7 for efficient pulp mixing treatment before wide-grain-size classification, and oversize products of the flip-flow screen 6 are returned to the high-pressure roller mill 5. The millimeter-grade ore sand waste disposal adopts a two-stage fluidized flotation waste disposal process, the ore pulp product processed by the first pulp mixer 7 is fed into a first flotation machine 8, the first-stage fluidized flotation concentrate produced by the first flotation machine 8 is fed into a tower mill 9, the first-stage fluidized flotation tailings produced by the first flotation machine 8 are fed into a second flotation machine 10, the second-stage fluidized flotation concentrate produced by the second flotation machine 10 is fed into the tower mill 9 along with the first-stage fluidized flotation concentrate, and the second-stage fluidized flotation underflow is discharged to become a tailings product.
The ore grinding and flotation unit comprises a water conservancy cyclone 11 and a second pulp mixer 12, the second pulp mixer 12 is a multi-section stirring and circulating pulp mixer and is used for stirring and mixing fine particles, the output end of the tower type grinding machine 9 is connected with the input end of the water conservancy cyclone 11, the overflow output end of the water conservancy cyclone 11 is connected with the input end of the second pulp mixer 12, and the underflow output end of the water conservancy cyclone 11 is connected with the input end of the tower type grinding machine 9, namely the underflow of the water conservancy cyclone 11 circulates back into the tower type grinding machine 9.
The ore grinding flotation unit further comprises a rougher flotation column 13, a third pulp mixer 14, a fourth pulp mixer 15, a first cleaner flotation column 16, a fifth pulp mixer 17 and a second cleaner flotation column 18, wherein the third pulp mixer 14 is a multi-section stirring circulation pulp mixer for sweeping and selecting fine grains for pulp mixing, the fourth pulp mixer 15 is a multi-section stirring circulation pulp mixer for mixing one-section cleaner fine grains for pulp mixing, the fifth pulp mixer 17 is a multi-section stirring circulation pulp mixer for mixing two-section cleaner fine grains for pulp mixing, the output end of the second pulp mixer 12 is connected with the input end of the rougher flotation column 13, the overflow output end of the rougher flotation column 13 is connected with the input end of the fourth pulp mixer 15, the underflow output end of the rougher flotation column 13 is connected with the third pulp mixer 14, the output end of the fourth pulp mixer 15 is connected with the input end of the first cleaner flotation column 16, the overflow output end of the first cleaner flotation column 16 is connected with the input end of the fifth pulp mixer 17, and the underflow output end of the first cleaner flotation column 16 is connected with the input end of the second pulp mixer 12. The output end of the fifth pulp mixer 17 is connected with the input end of the second concentration flotation column 18, the underflow output end of the second concentration flotation column 18 is connected with the input end of the fourth pulp mixer 15, and the overflow output end of the second concentration flotation column 18 outputs the concentrate.
The grinding flotation unit further comprises a first scavenger flotation machine 19 and a second scavenger flotation machine 20, the output of the third size mixing machine 14 is connected to the input of the first scavenger flotation machine 19, the overflow input of the first scavenger flotation machine 19 is connected to the input of the second size mixing machine 12, the underflow output of the first scavenger flotation machine 19 is connected to the input of the second scavenger flotation machine 20, the overflow output of the second scavenger flotation machine 20 is connected to the input of the third size mixing machine 14, and the underflow output of the second scavenger flotation machine 20 outputs tailings products.
In this embodiment, the second fluidized flotation concentrate enters the ceramic medium tower mill 9 along with the first fluidized flotation concentrate to perform fine grinding operation, the ground product of the tower mill 9 performs classification operation through the hydrocyclone 11, the overflow of the hydrocyclone 11 enters the second slurry mixer 12 to perform fine particle slurry mixing operation, and the underflow of the hydrocyclone 11 returns to the tower mill 9. The second pulp mixer 12 forces the fine ore pulp product after pulp mixing to enter a rougher flotation column 13 for roughing operation, the rougher concentrate enters a fourth pulp mixer 15 for primary fine grain cleaning operation, the rougher concentrate emphasizes that pulp product enters a first cleaner flotation column 16 for primary cleaning operation, the first cleaner concentrate enters a fifth pulp mixer 17 for secondary fine grain cleaning operation, the first cleaner concentrate emphasizes that pulp product enters a second cleaner flotation column 18 for secondary cleaning operation to obtain final concentrate, the first cleaner tailings return to the second pulp mixer 12, the second cleaner tailings return to the fourth pulp mixer 15, the rougher tailings enter a scavenging operation, the first cleaner 14 enters a pulp mixing operation, the rougher concentrate emphasizes that pulp product generated by the third pulp mixer 14 enters a first scavenger flotation machine 19 for primary scavenging, the first scavenger concentrate returns to the second pulp mixer 12, the first scavenger tailings enter a second scavenger flotation machine 20 for secondary scavenging, the second scavenger concentrate returns to the third pulp mixer 14, and the second scavenger tailings are final tailings products.
Example 2
Another embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 2, discloses a coarse-grained sulfide ore step-discarding sorting upgrading process, which adopts the sorting upgrading system of embodiment 1, and comprises the following steps:
step S1: and throwing the lump ore to waste.
The method comprises the steps that raw sulfide ore is fed into a jaw crusher 1 to be pre-crushed, the granularity of a pre-crushed product is less than 100mm, a pre-crushed product of the jaw crusher 1 is fed into a lump ore classifying screen 2 through a belt conveyer to be classified, the classifying granularity is 25mm, the sieved product (-25 mm) is fed into a rotary crusher 4 through the belt conveyer after the lump ore classifying screen 2 is classified, the oversize product (+ 25 mm) is fed into an XRT intelligent photoelectric separator 3 through the belt conveyer to be subjected to lump ore waste disposal, the lump tailing product after being separated by the XRT intelligent photoelectric separator 3 is output through the belt conveyer to obtain a waste rock product, and the photoelectric-separated lump fine ore product after being separated by the XRT intelligent photoelectric separator 3 is fed into the rotary crusher 4 through the belt conveyer and the sieved product of the lump ore classifying screen 2 to be coarsely crushed.
In the embodiment, the sulfide ore lump ore photoelectric separation pre-waste-throwing process is introduced between the pre-crushing of the sulfide ore jaw crusher 1 and the rough crushing of the gyratory crusher 4, and the massive waste rock components in the raw ore are thrown away in advance, so that on one hand, the gangue content entering the subsequent crushing process is effectively reduced, the energy consumption in the ore recovery process is effectively reduced, on the other hand, the massive waste rock (+ 25 mm) has extremely high building material utilization potential, the pressure of a tailing pond is effectively relieved, and the economic benefit of a factory is increased.
Step S2: and (3) waste removal of coarse-grained ore sand, wherein a process of multistage crushing-fluidized flotation waste removal is adopted.
The incoming materials of the coarse-grained ore sand waste-throwing process are photoelectric sorting blocky fine ore products and undersize products of a lump ore classifying screen, the incoming materials are fed into a rotary crusher 4 for coarse crushing treatment, the coarse crushing products of the rotary crusher 4 are fed into a high-pressure roller mill 5 through a belt conveyor for superfine crushing operation, the superfine crushing products of the high-pressure roller mill 5 are fed into a flip-flow screen 6 for classification, the classification granularity is 1.5mm, fine-grained materials below the flip-flow screen are conveyed to a first pulp conditioner 7 through a pipeline for pulp conditioning treatment, and the coarse-grained materials on the flip-flow screen are returned to the high-pressure roller mill 5 for secondary crushing.
Further, the product after size mixing by the first size mixer 7 is fed into the first flotation machine 8 through a pipeline for separation treatment, the separated first-stage fluidized flotation concentrate is fed into the ceramic medium tower mill 9 through a pipeline, the separated first-stage fluidized flotation tailings of the first flotation machine 8 are fed into the second flotation machine 10 through a pipeline for secondary separation treatment, the separated second-stage fluidized flotation concentrate is fed into the tower mill 9 along with the first-stage fluidized flotation concentrate through a pipeline, and the bottom flow tailings separated by the second flotation machine 10 are output to obtain a tailings product.
In the embodiment, by the two-stage fluidized flotation waste-throwing process, the tailing components in the millimeter-grade ore sand are pre-thrown, the energy consumption of the subsequent fine grinding process is effectively reduced, the adverse influence of the fine gangue on the flotation is relieved, meanwhile, the millimeter-grade tailing has extremely high building material utilization potential, and the economic benefit is more remarkable.
In the embodiment, the superfine grinding operation based on the high-pressure roller mill is used for replacing a fine grinding-coarse grinding procedure in the traditional process, so that the process is effectively simplified, and meanwhile, the high-pressure roller mill has lower energy consumption and better grinding effect, so that the system energy consumption is effectively reduced; the pulp mixing treatment is carried out by adopting the high-efficiency pulp mixer before the wide-size-fraction particle-containing pulp, so that the dispersion of the medicinal agent in the pulp is effectively ensured, the collision of the granular medicinal agent is promoted, the pulp mixing effect is improved, and the fluidized flotation recovery of the subsequent wide-size-fraction particles is facilitated.
In the embodiment, a two-stage fluidized flotation waste-throwing process is adopted to pre-throw waste to millimeter-sized ore, the water speed and the gas flow rate of one-stage fluidized flotation are low, fine concentrate and coarse monomer particles are pre-floated, the water speed and the gas flow rate of the second-stage fluidized flotation are high, one-stage tailings are swept, and particles which are difficult to float in the ore are recovered, so that the recovery rate of valuable components of the ore is ensured.
In the embodiment, the step S1 and the step S2 are suitable for performing step waste disposal on the coarse-grained sulfide ore based on the granularity, so that the gangue particles in the sulfide ore raw ore before flotation are discarded in advance, the ore grinding-flotation operation load in the step S3 is reduced, and the overall energy consumption of the system is effectively reduced. The separation process has the advantages of simple flow, low investment, low energy consumption and low running cost, can effectively reduce the overall energy consumption of the system, particularly the energy consumption of grinding operation, effectively improves the flotation efficiency of the micro-fine particles, and simultaneously has huge potential for utilizing waste products thrown before flotation into building materials and more remarkable economic benefit.
And step S3: grinding and floating.
The 'first coarse and second fine sweeping' process is adopted, incoming materials of a tower type grinding machine 9 are first-stage fluidized flotation concentrate and second-stage fluidized flotation concentrate, ground ore products of the tower type grinding machine 9 are fed into a hydrocyclone 11 through a pipeline for classification, sorted fine-grained materials are discharged along with overflow of the hydrocyclone and are fed into a second pulp mixer 12 through a pipeline, and sorted coarse-grained materials of the hydrocyclone 11 are discharged along with underflow of the hydrocyclone and return to the ceramic medium tower type grinding machine 9 through a pipeline. The fine ore pulp product treated by the second pulp mixer 12 is fed into a rougher flotation column 13 through a pipeline, rougher concentrate overflow sorted by the rougher flotation column 13 is fed into a fourth pulp mixer 15 along with the pipeline, rougher tailings underflow sorted by the rougher flotation column 13 is fed into a third pulp mixer 14 through the pipeline. The roughing concentrate emphatic pulp products processed by the fourth pulp mixer 15 are fed into a first concentration flotation column 16 through a pipeline, primary concentration concentrate overflow separated by the first concentration flotation column 16 is fed into a fifth pulp mixer 17 through a pipeline, first-stage concentration tailing underflow separated by the first concentration flotation column 16 returns to a second pulp mixer 12 through a pipeline, pulp processed by the fifth pulp mixer 17 is fed into a second concentration flotation column 18 through a pipeline, second-stage concentration tailing underflow separated by the second concentration flotation column 18 returns to the fourth pulp mixer 15 through a pipeline, and second-stage concentration concentrate overflow separated by the second concentration flotation column 18 is discharged as final concentrate products. The rougher tailings treated by the third pulp mixer 14 are fed into the first scavenger flotation machine 19 through a pipeline, the primary scavenged concentrate sorted by the first scavenger flotation machine 19 overflows back to the second pulp mixer 12 through a pipeline, the primary scavenged tailings sorted by the first scavenger flotation machine 19 underflow is fed into the second scavenger flotation machine 20 through a pipeline, the secondary scavenged concentrate sorted by the second scavenger flotation machine 20 overflows back to the third pulp mixer 14 through a pipeline, and the tailings separated by the second scavenger flotation machine 20 underflow is discharged as the final tailings.
In the embodiment, the ceramic medium tower type grinding machine 9 is adopted for fine grinding operation, so that the characteristics of low energy consumption and high efficiency of the fine grinding operation are realized; the flotation column is used in the fine particle flotation roughing and selecting process equipment, the flotation machine is used in scavenging, and the fine particle flotation roughing, the first-stage refining, the second-stage refining and the first-stage scavenging are all performed by using a fine particle multi-section stirring circulating pulp mixer to mix pulp, so that the dispersion of the medicinal agent in the pulp is promoted, the collision among hydrophobic particle bubbles is enhanced, the dispersion of fine particles in the pulp is strengthened, the recovery rate of sulfide ore is improved, and the pollution of fine gangue to concentrate is effectively reduced.
The process of the embodiment is used for producing four products, namely, concentrate, tailings and waste rocks, wherein the concentrate product is a substance discharged along with overflow concentrate of the second concentration flotation column 18 in the flotation process, the tailings product is a substance discharged along with underflow tailings of the second scavenging flotation machine 20 in the flotation process, the tailings product is a substance discharged along with underflow tailings of the second flotation machine 10 in the fluidized flotation tailing discarding process, and the waste rocks product is a substance discharged from a tailing tank of the XRT intelligent photoelectric separator 3, so that the step discarding of the sulphide ore raw ore before flotation is realized, the respective output of the concentrate, the tailings and the waste rocks is realized, the overall energy consumption of the sulphide ore separation process is effectively reduced, the flotation process efficiency is improved, the tailings and the waste rocks have extremely high building material utilization potential, and the economic benefit of a dressing plant is increased.
According to the invention, the sulfide ore lump ore and millimeter-grade ore sand are used as waste pre-polishing objects, and a coarse-grained sulfide ore step waste polishing separation quality-improving process is designed by means of a corresponding separation waste polishing technology, so that the sulfide ore gangue particle step waste polishing is realized, the ore grinding load is reduced, the flotation efficiency is increased, and the production of coarse-grained gangue tailing particles with building material utilization potential has important significance for the efficient low-carbon utilization of sulfide ore resources.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. The gradient waste-throwing sorting upgrading system for the coarse-grained sulfide ores is characterized by comprising a lump ore waste-throwing unit, a coarse-grained ore sand waste-throwing unit and an ore grinding flotation unit;
the lump ore waste throwing unit is used for pre-crushing, screening, grading and throwing waste to the crude sulfide ore to obtain massive waste rocks, undersize products and massive concentrate products;
the coarse grain ore waste disposal unit is used for carrying out multistage crushing and fluidized flotation waste disposal on the undersize product and the blocky concentrate product to obtain a tailing product and fluidized flotation concentrate;
the grinding flotation unit is used for carrying out primary roughing, secondary concentration and secondary scavenging on the fluidized flotation concentrate to obtain concentrate and tailing products.
2. The system for grading and upgrading coarse-grained sulfide ore by step waste throwing according to claim 1, wherein the lump ore waste throwing unit comprises a jaw crusher (1), a lump ore classifying screen (2), an XRT intelligent photoelectric separator (3) and a gyratory crusher (4) which are arranged in the material flow order.
3. The coarse-grained sulfide ore step-throwing sorting and upgrading system according to claim 2, wherein the undersize output end of the lump ore classifying screen (2) is connected with the input end of the gyratory crusher (4), the oversize output end of the lump ore classifying screen (2) is connected with the input end of the XRT intelligent photoelectric classifier (3), one output end of the XRT intelligent photoelectric classifier (3) is connected with the gyratory crusher (4), and the other output end of the XRT intelligent photoelectric classifier outputs the massive waste rocks.
4. The coarse sulfide ore step reject sorting upgrading system of claim 2, wherein the coarse sand reject unit comprises a high pressure roller mill (5), a relaxation screen (6) and a first size mixer (7);
the output end of the gyratory crusher (4) is connected with the input end of the high-pressure roller mill (5), the output end of the high-pressure roller mill (5) is connected with the relaxation sieve (6), the undersize output end of the relaxation sieve (6) is connected with the first pulp mixer (7), and the oversize output end of the relaxation sieve (6) is connected with the input end of the high-pressure roller mill (5).
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the coarse sulfide ore step reject sorting upgrading unit further comprises a first flotation machine (8), a tower mill (9) and a second flotation machine (10);
the output end of the first pulp mixer (7) is connected with the input end of the first flotation machine (8), the overflow output end of the first flotation machine (8) is connected with the input end of the tower type grinding machine (9), the underflow output end of the first flotation machine (8) is connected with the second flotation machine (10), and the overflow output end of the second flotation machine (10) is connected with the input end of the tower type grinding machine (9).
6. The system for the graded polishing, sorting and upgrading of coarse sulfidic ores according to claim 5, wherein the grinding flotation unit comprises a hydro cyclone (11) and a second pulper (12);
the output end of the tower type grinding machine (9) is connected with the input end of the hydraulic cyclone (11), the overflow output end of the hydraulic cyclone (11) is connected with the input end of the second paste mixer (12), and the underflow output end of the hydraulic cyclone (11) is connected with the input end of the tower type grinding machine (9).
7. The coarse sulfide ore step reject sorting upgrading system of claim 6, wherein the grind flotation unit further comprises a rougher flotation column (13), a fourth size mixer (15) and a first cleaner flotation column (16);
the output of second size mixing machine (12) with the input of rougher flotation column (13) is connected, the overflow delivery outlet of rougher flotation column (13) with the input of fourth size mixing machine (15) is connected, the output of fourth size mixing machine (15) is connected the input of first choice flotation column (16), the underflow output of first choice flotation column (16) is connected the input of second size mixing machine (12).
8. The coarse sulphide ore step reject sorting upgrading system of claim 7, wherein the mill flotation unit further comprises a fifth pulper (17) and a second concentration flotation column (18);
the overflow output end of the first concentrating flotation column (16) is connected with the input end of the fifth pulp mixer (17), the output end of the fifth pulp mixer (17) is connected with the input end of the second concentrating flotation column (18), and the underflow output end of the second concentrating flotation column (18) is connected with the input end of the fourth pulp mixer (15).
9. The coarse sulfide ore gradient reject separation upgrading system of claim 8, wherein the grind flotation unit further comprises a third size mixer (14), a first scavenger flotation machine (19) and a second scavenger flotation machine (20);
the underflow output port of the roughing flotation column (13) is connected with the third pulp mixer (14), the output end of the third pulp mixer (14) is connected with the input end of the first scanning flotation machine (19), the overflow input port of the first scanning flotation machine (19) is connected with the input end of the second pulp mixer (12), the underflow output port of the first scanning flotation machine (19) is connected with the input end of the second scavenging flotation machine (20), and the overflow output port of the second scavenging flotation machine (20) is connected with the input end of the third pulp mixer (14).
10. The process for grading, discarding, sorting and upgrading the coarse vulcanized ore in a gradient manner is characterized in that the system for grading, discarding, sorting and upgrading the coarse vulcanized ore in a gradient manner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 is adopted, and the steps comprise:
step S1: throwing waste from lump ore;
step S2: polishing waste of coarse-grained ore sand;
and step S3: grinding and floating.
11. The process for grading, discarding and upgrading coarse-grained sulphide ores according to claim 10, wherein in step S1, a jaw crusher (1) pre-crushes raw sulphide ores, a lump ore classifying screen (2) screens pre-crushed products, oversize products are fed into an XRT intelligent photoelectric separator (3) for lump ore rejection processing, lump tailing products are lump ore waste after being sorted by the XRT intelligent photoelectric separator (3), and the lump concentrate products and undersize products of the lump ore classifying screen (2) are fed into a rotary crusher (4) together for rough crushing processing.
12. The process for grading and upgrading the coarse-grained sulfide ore by graded waste throwing according to claim 10, wherein in the step S2, the coarse-grained products of the gyratory crusher (4) are fed into the high-pressure roller mill (5) for ultrafine grinding, the ultrafine-grained products of the high-pressure roller mill (5) are fed into the relaxation screen (6) for grading, fine-grained materials below the relaxation screen are conveyed to the first pulp mixer (7) for size mixing, and coarse-grained materials on the relaxation screen are returned to the high-pressure roller mill (5) for secondary crushing.
13. The process for sorting and upgrading coarse grain sulfide ore waste in a step manner according to claim 12, wherein in the step S2, the product after size mixing by the first size mixer (7) is fed into the first flotation machine (8) for sorting treatment, the sorted first fluidized flotation concentrate is fed into the tower mill (9), the sorted first fluidized flotation tailings of the first flotation machine (8) are fed into the second flotation machine (10) for secondary sorting treatment, the sorted second fluidized flotation concentrate is fed into the tower mill (9) along with the first fluidized flotation concentrate, and the bottom tailings sorted by the second flotation machine (10) are output to obtain tailings.
14. The process for grading and upgrading the coarse-grained sulfide ore by graded waste throwing according to claim 10, wherein in the step S3, the ground ore product of the tower mill (9) is fed into a hydrocyclone (11) for grading, the sorted fine-grained materials are discharged along with the overflow of the hydrocyclone and fed into a second pulp mixer (12), and the sorted coarse-grained materials of the hydrocyclone (11) are discharged along with the underflow of the hydrocyclone and returned to the tower mill (9).
15. The process for grading and upgrading the coarse sulfide ore by graded waste throwing according to claim 14, wherein in the step S3, the fine ore pulp product treated by the second pulp mixer (12) is fed into a rougher flotation column (13), rougher concentrate separated by the rougher flotation column (13) overflows into a fourth pulp mixer (15), and rougher tailings separated by the rougher flotation column (13) underflow into a third pulp mixer (14).
16. The process for grading, separating and upgrading the coarse-grained sulfide ore by graded waste disposal according to claim 15, wherein in step S3, the rougher concentrate treated by the fourth pulp mixer (15) emphasizes the pulp products to be fed into the first concentration flotation column (16), the first concentration concentrate separated by the first concentration flotation column (16) overflows to be fed into the fifth pulp mixer (17), the first concentration tailings separated by the first concentration flotation column (16) underflow to be fed into the second pulp mixer (12), the pulp treated by the fifth pulp mixer (17) is fed into the second concentration flotation column (18), the second concentration tailings separated by the second concentration flotation column (18) underflow to be fed into the fourth pulp mixer (15), and the second concentration tailings separated by the second concentration flotation column (18) overflow to be discharged as the final concentrate products.
17. The process of claim 16, wherein in step S3, the rougher tailings treated by the third size mixer (14) are fed with pulp products into the first scavenger flotation machine (19), the first scavenged concentrate overflow from the first scavenger flotation machine (19) is returned to the second size mixer (12), the first scavenged tailings underflow from the first scavenger flotation machine (19) is fed into the second scavenger flotation machine (20), the second scavenged concentrate overflow from the second scavenger flotation machine (20) is returned to the third size mixer (14), and the tailings underflow from the second scavenger flotation machine (20) is discharged as final tailings products.
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