CN114451292A - Pollen preparation technology for seed softening and reduction of tetraploid Chinese gooseberry - Google Patents
Pollen preparation technology for seed softening and reduction of tetraploid Chinese gooseberry Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pollen preparation technology for softening and reducing tetraploid Chinese gooseberry seeds, and relates to the technical field of Chinese gooseberry planting and pollination. The method comprises the following specific steps: the pollen configuration scheme is characterized in that female tetraploid Chinese kiwi fruit is endowed with male hexaploid delicious kiwi fruit plant pollen, male tetraploid Chinese kiwi fruit plant pollen, male diploid hairy kiwi fruit plant pollen and male tetraploid actinidia arguta pollen, fruit setting rate, single fruit weight, soluble solid content, thousand seed weight and effective seed proportion are measured, and the pollen configuration scheme with the advantages of remarkably reduced thousand seed weight and seed number of kiwi fruit, large fruit, good quality and good eating mouthfeel is obtained. The pollen preparation technology provided by the invention develops a new idea for realizing seed softening, seed reduction and quality improvement of large-seed or multi-seed Chinese tetraploid kiwi fruit varieties, and lays a good foundation for high-quality cultivation of kiwi fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of kiwi fruit planting and pollination, in particular to a pollen preparation technology for softening and reducing tetraploid Chinese kiwi fruit seeds.
Background
The kiwi fruit has high nutritive value, is deeply favored by consumers, and has large industrial development space in the future. Of the four species of commercial cultivation, actinidia chinensis is the fastest growing. Because of the male and female variant plants, the kiwi fruit needs to be provided with a pollination tree or artificial pollination. However, most of Chinese gooseberries have more and large seeds by the conventional pollen preparation technology, and particularly tetraploid Chinese gooseberries with relatively fast development and relatively good resistance cause the seeds to be plugged in the slits between teeth, so that the Chinese gooseberries have poor mouthfeel. Pollination tests are carried out on kiwi fruits with different ploidy characteristics, pollen configuration technical scheme which solves the problem that male and female variant plants of kiwi fruits need artificial pollination to achieve good fruit setting and big fruits and meets the requirements of fruit seed softening and reduction is screened out, the taste of kiwi fruits is optimized, the quality of kiwi fruits is improved, and further development of kiwi fruit industry is promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art, the invention aims to provide a pollen preparation technology for softening and reducing kiwi fruit seeds, which not only solves the problem that kiwi fruits need artificial pollination to achieve good fruit setting and big fruits due to male and female alien plants, but also meets the requirements of softening and reducing the fruit seeds and optimizes the taste of the kiwi fruits.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a pollen preparation technology for seed softening and reduction of tetraploid Chinese gooseberry comprises the following steps:
s1 collecting hexaploid delicious male kiwi fruit plant, diploid hairy male kiwi fruit plant, tetraploid actinidia arguta male plant, and diploid actinidia arguta male plant, collecting flower whose anther has pollen, and storing in a sealed dryer at-20 deg.C in a refrigerator;
s2 storing in refrigerator at-20 deg.C for testing pollen activity before pollinating with pollen, the pollen activity is up to 60% or more;
s3, marking a bud bag in the bud white-appearing period of the tetraploid female Chinese gooseberry, and removing the bag for artificial pollination when the flower blooms;
s4 pollinating pollen with different ploidy characteristics stored in a refrigerator at-20 deg.C with qualified activity on the tetraploid female Actinidia chinensis marked flower;
s5 carrying out statistics on fruit setting rate of each treatment and treatment with the fruit setting rate exceeding 80% after pollination for 30 days;
s6, measuring the weight of a single fruit of the fruit by using an electronic balance with a sensing quantity of 0.01 after harvesting, and counting the treatment that the weight of the single fruit of the fruit is more than or equal to the inherent average weight of the single fruit of the variety;
s7 determining the content of soluble solid by using a handheld saccharimeter PAL-1 at room temperature when the fruit is soft, and counting the content of the soluble solid not lower than the inherent average level of the variety;
s8, taking out all seeds of a single fruit, washing, counting the number of seeds of the single fruit, calculating the effective seed proportion, measuring the thousand seed weight of the seeds, and counting the number of seeds of the single fruit, the effective seed proportion and the thousand seed weight of the seeds;
s9, screening out pollen configuration optimization technical scheme according to the data.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention defines the optimal pollen configuration of tetraploid Chinese gooseberry and solves the problems of unstable fruit quality and size and more or more seeds influencing the taste of Chinese gooseberry caused by undefined ploidy of commercial pollen. By applying the method, good fruit setting, large fruit and quality can be ensured under the condition that the male and female kiwi fruit plants need artificial pollination, and the requirements of softening and reducing fruit seeds are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the tetraploid Chinese gooseberry Jinli pollen configuration optimization technique
FIG. 2 is a high proportion of invalid seeds and fewer seeds of a delicious hexaploid male plant pollination tetraploid Chinese gooseberry 'Jinli' fruit;
FIG. 3 shows tetraploid Chinese kiwi fruit 'Jinli' with many and big seeds pollinated by male Chinese tetraploid plant;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the tetraploid Chinese gooseberry 'Jinyi' pollen configuration optimization technique
FIG. 5 shows that the tetraploid Chinese kiwi fruit has less seeds and high proportion of invalid seeds when pollinated by male plant of Chinese diploid;
FIG. 6 shows that the tetraploid Chinese kiwi fruit has many seeds and is big when the male plant of Chinese tetraploid pollinates.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention is provided as illustrative and explanatory only and is not intended to be the only limitation of the invention.
Example 1:
a pollen preparation technology for seed softening and reduction of tetraploid Chinese gooseberry specifically comprises the following steps:
s1 collecting pollen of male plant of hexaploid delicious kiwi fruit 'M-D01' 'M-D03' which is not encountered in flowering phase, pollen of male plant of diploid hairy flower kiwi fruit 'M-A02' 'M-A05', and flower of male plant of tetraploid actinidia arguta 'M-Ar 03' 'M-Ar 06', collecting pollen from anther, and storing in refrigerator at-20 deg.C;
s2 storing in refrigerator at-20 deg.C for use, and determining pollen activity before pollinating by 'M-D01' 'M-D03' 'M-A02' 'M-A05' 'M-Ar 03' 'M-Ar 06', the pollen activity reaches 63.5% -78.9%.
S4 tetraploid female plant of Chinese gooseberry 'Jinli' marks the flower bud bag at the flower bud white period, when the flower bud blooms, the bag is removed for artificial pollination;
s3, thawing pollen of ' M-D01 ' M-D03 ' M-A02 ' M-A05 ' M-Ar03 ' M-Ar06 ' which is detected to be qualified in activity and stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ for later use, and then awarding the thawed pollen to a marked flower of a tetraploid female Chinese gooseberry plant ' Jinli '; taking flowers which contain buds of a tetraploid male Chinese gooseberry plant 'M-C04' 'M-C06' and a diploid male Chinese gooseberry plant 'M-C07' 'M-C09' and pollinating the flowers with anthers of the flowers on the marked flowers of the tetraploid male Chinese gooseberry 'Jinli' plant after the anthers of the flowers spill out;
s5, counting the fruit setting rate of each treatment after pollination for 30 days, wherein the fruit setting rate is over 80 percent;
s6, measuring the weight of the single fruit of the fruit by using an electronic balance with a sensing quantity of 0.01 after the fruit is harvested, and counting the weight of the single fruit of the fruit to be not less than 100 g;
s7 determining the content of soluble solid by using a handheld saccharimeter PAL-1 at room temperature when the fruit is soft, and counting the content of the soluble solid not less than 17 Brix;
s8, taking out all seeds of a single fruit, washing, counting the number of seeds of the single fruit, calculating the effective seed proportion, measuring the thousand seed weight, counting the number of seeds of the single fruit, wherein the effective seed proportion is less than 75.0%, and the thousand seed weight is less than 1.5 g;
s9 according to data table 1, screening out pollen to configure hexaploid male plant of delicious kiwi fruit or diploid male plant of Actinidia arguta or diploid male plant of Actinidia chinensis.
TABLE 12021 years tetraploid China Kiwi fruit 'Jinli' pollen collocation and fruit expression table
Example 2:
a pollen preparation technology for softening and reducing tetraploid Chinese gooseberry seeds specifically comprises the following steps:
s1 collecting pollen of male plant of hexaploid delicious kiwi fruit 'M-D01' 'M-D03' which is not encountered in flowering phase, pollen of male plant of diploid hairy flower kiwi fruit 'M-A02' 'M-A05', and flower of male plant of tetraploid actinidia arguta 'M-Ar 03' 'M-Ar 06', collecting pollen from anther, and storing in refrigerator at-20 deg.C;
s2 stored in a refrigerator at-20 ℃ for later use, the pollen activity is measured before pollination of ' M-D01 ' M-D03 ' M-A02 ' M-A05 ' M-Ar03 ' M-Ar06 ', the pollen activity reaches 63.5% -78.9%, and the pollination requirement is met.
S3 tetraploid Chinese gooseberry 'Jinyi' plant marks the bud bag in the bud white period, when the flower blooms, the bag is removed for artificial pollination;
s4, thawing pollen of ' M-D01 ' M-D03 ' M-A02 ' M-A05 ' M-Ar03 ' M-Ar06 ' which is detected to be qualified in activity and stored in a refrigerator at the temperature of-20 ℃ for later use, and then awarding the thawed pollen to a marked flower of a female ' golden sense ' plant of the tetraploid Chinese gooseberry; taking a tetraploid male Chinese gooseberry plant 'M-C04' 'M-C06' and a diploid male Chinese gooseberry plant 'M-C07' 'M-C09' containing flowers to be subjected to bud release, and pollinating the flowers to be marked by a tetraploid Chinese gooseberry 'golden sense' plant after anthers of the flowers are scattered;
s5, counting the fruit setting rate of each treatment after pollination for 30 days, wherein the fruit setting rate exceeds 80 percent;
s6, measuring the weight of each fruit of the fruits by using an electronic balance with a sensing quantity of 0.01 after harvesting, and counting the weight of each fruit of the fruits to be more than 90 g;
s7 determining the content of soluble solid by using a handheld glucometer PAL-1 at room temperature when the fruit is soft, and counting the content of the soluble solid to be not less than 17 Brix;
s8, taking out all seeds of a single fruit, washing, counting the number of seeds of the single fruit, calculating the effective seed proportion, measuring the thousand seed weight of the seeds, and counting the number of the seeds of the single fruit, wherein the thousand seed weight of the seeds is less than 1.5 g;
s9 according to data table 2, screening out pollen configuration optimized technical scheme to be tetraploid Chinese gooseberry 'Jinyi' configuration hexaploid delicious male kiwi fruit plant or diploid male Chinese gooseberry plant.
TABLE 22021 years tetraploid Chinese gooseberry 'Jinyi' pollen collocation and fruit expression table
| Configuring male plant | Percentage of fruit set (%) | Weight of single fruit (g) | Soluble solids content (%) | Number of seeds in a single fruit | Effective seed proportion (%) | Thousand seed weight (g) |
| Hexaploid delicious kiwi fruit 'M-D01' | 86.1 | 108.5 | 17.8 | 29 | 61.42 | 1.47 |
| Hexaploid delicious kiwi fruit 'M-D03' | 86.7 | 110.2 | 18.1 | 31 | 62.47 | 1.46 |
| Diploid male actinidia arguta 'M-A02' | 82.1 | 98.4 | 17.9 | 134 | 50.46 | 1.27 |
| Diploid hairy kiwi fruit 'M-A05' | 81.9 | 96.3 | 18.2 | 113 | 50.82 | 1.28 |
| Tetraploid actinidia arguta 'M-Ar 03' | 73.6 | 27.2 | 15.9 | 63 | 0 | 0.51 |
| Tetraploid actinidia arguta 'M-Ar 06' | 74.1 | 25.9 | 16.1 | 68 | 0 | 0.52 |
| Tetraploid Chinese gooseberry 'M-C04' | 82.7 | 95.7 | 16.9 | 298 | 87.9 | 2.26 |
| Tetraploid Chinese gooseberry 'M-C06' | 82.3 | 97.3 | 17.3 | 315 | 89.63 | 2.23 |
| Diploid Chinese gooseberry 'M-C07' | 86.4 | 91.8 | 18.6 | 67 | 61.71 | 1.17 |
| Diploid Chinese gooseberry M-C09' | 86.2 | 92.6 | 18.9 | 61 | 63.39 | 1.18 |
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. A pollen preparation technology for softening and reducing tetraploid Chinese gooseberry seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 taking hexaploid delicious male kiwi fruit plant pollen, tetraploid male Chinese kiwi fruit plant pollen, diploid male actinidia hirta plant pollen and tetraploid male actinidia arguta plant pollen;
s2 pollinating the pollen obtained in S1 to the marked flower of the tetraploid female Chinese gooseberry plant;
s3, determining fruit setting rate, single fruit weight, soluble solid content, thousand seed weight and effective seed proportion, and selecting the optimal pollen configuration combination by integrating various indexes.
2. The pollen preparation technology for seed softening and reduction of tetraploid Chinese gooseberry according to claim 1, wherein the specific method of step S1 is as follows: collecting hexaploid delicious male kiwi fruit plant, diploid hairy male kiwi fruit plant, tetraploid male Chinese kiwi fruit plant, diploid male Chinese kiwi fruit plant and tetraploid male actinidia arguta plant, collecting anther, dispersing pollen, and storing in a sealed dryer at-20 deg.C in a refrigerator for use.
3. The pollen preparation technology for seed softening and reduction of tetraploid Chinese gooseberry according to claim 2, wherein the specific method of step S2 is as follows: the tetraploid female Chinese gooseberry marks the bud bag at the bud white-out period, when the bud blooms, the bag is removed for artificial pollination,
thawing pollen stored in a refrigerator at-20 deg.C, and pollinating on the tetraploid female Actinidia chinensis marked flower.
4. The pollen preparation technology for seed softening and reduction of tetraploid Chinese gooseberry according to claim 3, wherein the specific method of step S3 is as follows: counting fruit setting rate 30 days after pollination; after harvesting, measuring the weight of a single fruit of the fruit by using an electronic balance with the sensing quantity of 0.01; when the fruits are soft and ripe, the content of soluble solids is measured by using a handheld saccharimeter PAL-1 at room temperature; taking out all seeds of a single fruit, counting the number of the seeds of the single fruit after washing, calculating the effective seed proportion, and measuring the thousand seed weight of the seeds.
5. The pollen preparation technology of claim 4, wherein the fruit setting rate of step S3 is more than 80%, the weight of a single fruit of a fruit is not less than the inherent average weight of the variety, the content of soluble solids is not less than the inherent average level of the variety, and the number of seeds of the single fruit, the proportion of effective seeds, and the thousand seed weight of the seeds are significantly less than the inherent average level of the variety.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060253946P1 (en) * | 2005-05-05 | 2006-11-09 | Lowe Russell G | Kiwi plant named '51-1785' |
| CN103493725A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-01-08 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Kiwi fruit artificial pollination method and preparing method of kiwi fruit pollen |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060253946P1 (en) * | 2005-05-05 | 2006-11-09 | Lowe Russell G | Kiwi plant named '51-1785' |
| CN103493725A (en) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-01-08 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Kiwi fruit artificial pollination method and preparing method of kiwi fruit pollen |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 李志等: "不同倍性雄株对软枣猕猴桃坐果及果实性状的影响", 《果树学报》 * |
| 李永武等: "不同雄株花粉对华优猕猴桃果实的影响", 《陕西农业科学》 * |
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