CN114451114B - Automatic anti-blocking and blockage-removing spiral conveying and scattering device - Google Patents
Automatic anti-blocking and blockage-removing spiral conveying and scattering device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114451114B CN114451114B CN202210084565.7A CN202210084565A CN114451114B CN 114451114 B CN114451114 B CN 114451114B CN 202210084565 A CN202210084565 A CN 202210084565A CN 114451114 B CN114451114 B CN 114451114B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C17/00—Fertilisers or seeders with centrifugal wheels
- A01C17/001—Centrifugal throwing devices with a vertical axis
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C17/00—Fertilisers or seeders with centrifugal wheels
- A01C17/006—Regulating or dosing devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C17/00—Fertilisers or seeders with centrifugal wheels
- A01C17/006—Regulating or dosing devices
- A01C17/008—Devices controlling the quantity or the distribution pattern
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic anti-blocking and blockage-removing spiral conveying and sowing device, which comprises: the bin is used for loading materials; the spiral discharging mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the material box; the sowing mechanism is connected with the spiral discharging mechanism, the spiral discharging mechanism can convey the materials in the material box to the sowing mechanism, and the sowing mechanism can throw the materials out; the automatic control system is respectively connected with the spiral discharging mechanism and the sowing mechanism, can drive the spiral discharging mechanism and the sowing mechanism to adjust the discharging and scattering speeds according to the operation speed, enables the sowing quantity and the operation breadth in a unit area to be constant, can judge whether the spiral discharging mechanism is blocked or not, and controls the spiral discharging mechanism to discharge the blockage when the blockage occurs. The invention can realize the quantitative and stable conveying of materials and has the advantages of low cost, strong anti-interference capability, stability, reliability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of particle material scattering operation, in particular to an automatic anti-blocking and blockage-removing spiral conveying and scattering device.
Background
In recent years, the planting area of crops in China is steadily increased, and the grain yield is increased year by year. Grain production depends to a great extent on the improvement of crop varieties, the perfection of production technology, and the improvement of fertilizing amount and fertilizing efficiency. The high-yield crop variety is matched with quantitative sowing agricultural and technical equipment, so that the optimal plant distribution density and growth space are provided for the crops. As an important component of precision agriculture, the variable fertilization technology is to perform variable fertilizer input on crops based on a scientific fertilization method according to actual needs of the crop growth according to local conditions at different growth stages of the crops. Practice proves that the variable fertilization can greatly improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reduce the waste of the fertilizer and the adverse effect of redundant fertilizer on the environment, and has remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits.
Whether seeding or fertilizing, seeding is the most efficient and applicable mode. In order to realize quantitative sowing and precise fertilization, the sowing device is key, and the sowing device can adjust the material conveying speed in real time according to the agricultural requirements of fertilizers or seeds and keep smooth material conveying. The present defeated material mechanism of scattering equipment all adopts the gate-type basically, also scatters the degree of opening and shutting of device control system real-time adjustment gate promptly, and the material is discharged through the dead weight, and the gate aperture is big more, and defeated material speed is just big more. However, the mechanism is influenced by factors such as material volume weight, water content, geometric physical size and material quantity of the material box, the material conveying cannot be quantified in a true sense, the material conveying is unstable, the error is large, and the like. Therefore, a sowing device with quantitative, stable and automatic anti-blocking and blockage-removing functions is urgently needed, and precision fertilization and quantitative sowing in agricultural production are both considered.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide an automatic anti-blocking and blockage-removing spiral conveying and sowing device which has quantitative conveying and good stability and can automatically prevent and remove blockage.
An automatic prevent stifled auger delivery scattering device of row, includes:
the bin is used for loading materials;
the spiral discharging mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the feed box;
the spreading mechanism is connected with the spiral discharging mechanism, the spiral discharging mechanism can convey the materials in the material box to the spreading mechanism, and the spreading mechanism can throw the materials out;
the automatic control system can drive the spiral discharging mechanism and the sowing mechanism to adjust the discharging and scattering speeds according to the operating speed, so that the sowing quantity and the operating breadth in a unit area are constant, and the automatic control system can judge whether the spiral discharging mechanism is blocked or not and control the spiral discharging mechanism to discharge the blockage when the blockage occurs.
In one embodiment, the bin comprises a front bin plate, a rear bin plate and two side plates;
the front box plate and the rear box plate are oppositely arranged;
the two side plates are respectively arranged on two sides of the front box plate and the rear box plate, so that the side plates, the front box plate and the rear box plate are combined into a box shape;
the lower parts of the front box plate and the rear box plate are bent inwards and have a first bending angle alpha which is 150-160 degrees; the lower part of the side plate is bent inwards and has a second bending angle beta which is 120-130 degrees; and the cross section formed by combining the lower parts of the side plates, the front box plate and the rear box plate is in a diamond shape.
In one embodiment, the inner wall of the material box is provided with a coating, and the coating comprises a fluorine coating taking polytetrafluoroethylene as a matrix resin.
In one embodiment, the helical discharge mechanism comprises:
the mounting bracket is fixedly mounted below the material box;
the discharging motor is fixed on the mounting bracket through a discharging motor bracket and is connected with the automatic control system;
the material discharging pipe is provided with a feeding hole and a discharging hole, the feeding hole is communicated with the bottom of the material box, the discharging hole is connected with the sowing mechanism through a material guide hole, and the material guide hole is fixedly connected with the mounting bracket through a material guide hole fixing screw; the material discharging pipe is provided with a supporting flange, and the supporting flange is fixedly connected with the front box plate through a front box plate fixing screw;
the auger shaft, both ends are installed through the bearing respectively arrange the inside of material pipe, the epaxial auger that is provided with of auger, just the one end of auger shaft still through the shaft coupling with it is connected to arrange the material motor.
In one embodiment, a discharging motor cover is arranged outside the discharging motor, and the discharging motor cover is fixed on the mounting bracket through a discharging motor fixing screw.
In one embodiment, the seeding mechanism comprises:
the disc cover is fixed below the mounting bracket through disc cover fixing screws;
the sowing motor is fixedly installed at the bottom of the installation support through a motor fixing screw, and the upper part of the sowing motor penetrates through the center position of the disc cover;
the material throwing disc is arranged below the disc cover, the material throwing disc and the disc cover enclose a continuous negative pressure cavity, a plurality of material throwing disc blades are arranged on the upper surface of the material throwing disc, and the continuous negative pressure cavity is divided into material throwing channels by the plurality of material throwing disc blades; the material throwing plate is further connected with the spreading motor, and the spreading motor can drive the material throwing plate to rotate, so that materials are directionally thrown out through the material throwing channel.
In one embodiment, a plurality of throwing disk blades are arranged on the upper surface of the throwing disk at equal intervals along the same inclination direction.
In one embodiment, the automatic control system comprises:
the material selection switch is used for manually selecting the types of materials;
the database is used for storing and reading out agricultural requirements of the sowing operation corresponding to each material;
the operation speed acquisition module is used for acquiring forward operation speed data of the traction equipment;
the automatic sowing control module is used for outputting a rotating speed control signal to the electronic speed regulator according to sowing operation agricultural requirements and forward operation speed data;
and the electronic speed regulator is used for receiving the rotating speed control signal and controlling the sowing motor of the sowing mechanism to rotate according to a set rotating speed, and the electronic speed regulator can also control the discharge motor of the spiral discharge mechanism to discharge blockage or rotate according to the set rotating speed through the anti-blocking blockage discharge module.
In one embodiment, the anti-blocking and blockage-removing module comprises:
the double-pole double-throw relay is used for switching the steering of a discharging motor of the spiral discharging mechanism;
one end of the high molecular polymer positive coefficient temperature element is connected with the double-pole double-throw relay, and the other end of the high molecular polymer positive coefficient temperature element is grounded;
the 1 st pin of the first photoelectric coupler is connected with one end of a first current-limiting resistor and one end of a first filter capacitor, the other end of the first current-limiting resistor is connected with one end of the high polymer positive coefficient temperature element, and the other end of the first filter capacitor is grounded; the 3 rd pin of the first photoelectric coupler is grounded;
a 1 st pin of the second photoelectric coupler is connected with a 2 nd pin of the first photoelectric coupler, and the 2 nd pin of the second photoelectric coupler is grounded;
the base electrode of the first triode is connected with the 4 th pin of the first photoelectric coupler, the collector electrode of the first triode is grounded, and the emitter electrode of the first triode is grounded and connected with the 4 th pin of the three-color status indicator lamp; a first pull-up resistor is connected between the base electrode and the emitter electrode of the first triode, and a second filter capacitor is connected between the base electrode and the collector electrode of the first triode;
a base electrode of the second triode is connected with a pin 4 of the second photoelectric coupler, an emitting electrode of the second triode is grounded, wherein the base electrode of the second triode is connected with a 24V power supply through a second pull-up resistor, and a third filter capacitor is connected between the base electrode and the emitting electrode of the second triode;
a base electrode of the third triode is connected with one end of the second current-limiting resistor, a collector electrode of the third triode is grounded and is connected with a No. 2 pin of the three-color status indicator lamp, an emitter electrode of the third triode is connected with a collector electrode of the second triode, and a fourth filter capacitor is connected between the base electrode and the emitter electrode of the third triode;
the Hall switch type material level sensor is characterized in that a 1 st pin of the Hall switch type material level sensor is connected with a 24V power supply, a 2 nd pin of the Hall switch type material level sensor is connected with an emitting electrode of a third triode and a collecting electrode of a second triode, a 3 rd pin of the Hall switch type material level sensor is connected with the other end of a second current-limiting resistor and a 3 rd pin of a three-color state indicator lamp, and the 1 st pin of the three-color state indicator lamp is connected with the 24V power supply.
In one embodiment, the discharging motor is connected with a transient diode, and the double-pole double-throw relay is connected with a switch diode.
Above-mentioned stifled auger delivery of arranging spills device is prevented automatically, utilize the auger delivery principle to shed the material propelling movement in the workbin to scattering mechanism department through spiral material discharging mechanism and spill, it can realize the ration of material and stably carry, and, adjust the operating speed through automatic control system drive spiral material discharging mechanism and scattering mechanism, make the volume of scattering and the wide invariant of operation in the unit area, thereby can improve the degree of consistency of scattering of material, guarantee to scatter the quality and reduce extravagantly, and simultaneously, automatic control system can also utilize pure hardware circuit control spiral material discharging mechanism to arrange stifled when blocking up, it has with low costs, the interference killing feature is strong, advantages such as reliable and stable.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an automatic anti-blocking and blockage-removing spiral conveying and sowing device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the bin of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the front box panel of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the side panel of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the rear box panel of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of the helical discharge mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the mounting bracket of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the discharge motor support of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of a discharge conduit of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic view illustrating the structure of a material guide port according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of the support flange of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the auger of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of the sowing mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the placement of the sowing motor of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of a throwing disk of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the distribution of the slinger blades of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the construction of the disc cover of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of the automatic control system of the present invention;
fig. 19 is a circuit diagram of the anti-blocking and anti-blocking module of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic anti-blocking and blockage-removing spiral conveying and spreading device, including: a material box 1, a spiral discharging mechanism 2, a sowing mechanism 3 and an automatic control system 4.
The material box 1 is used for loading materials; in this embodiment, the material may be fertilizer or seeds. The spiral discharging mechanism 2 is arranged at the bottom of the material box 1; the spreading mechanism 3 is connected with the spiral discharging mechanism 2, the spiral discharging mechanism 2 can convey the materials in the material box 1 to the spreading mechanism 3, and the spreading mechanism 3 can throw the materials out; the automatic control system 4 is respectively connected with the spiral discharging mechanism 2 and the scattering mechanism 3, the automatic control system 4 can drive the spiral discharging mechanism 2 and the scattering mechanism 3 to adjust discharging and scattering speeds according to operation speeds, so that the scattering amount and operation breadth in a unit area are constant, the automatic control system 4 can also judge whether the spiral discharging mechanism 2 is blocked or not, and the spiral discharging mechanism 2 is controlled to discharge the blockage when the blockage occurs.
Above-mentioned automatic stifled auger delivery of arranging spills device, utilize the auger delivery principle to throw the material propelling movement in the workbin 1 to the mechanism 3 department of scattering through spiral discharging mechanism 2, it can realize the ration of material and stable transport, and, adjust the operating speed through automatic control system 4 drive spiral discharging mechanism 2 and the mechanism 3 of scattering, the volume of scattering and the operation breadth of messenger's unit area are invariable, thereby can improve the degree of consistency of scattering of material, guarantee to scatter the quality and reduce extravagantly, and simultaneously, automatic control system 4 can also utilize pure hardware circuit control spiral discharging mechanism 2 to arrange stifled when blocking up, it has with low costs, the interference killing feature is strong, advantages such as reliable and stable.
Referring to fig. 2-5, in an embodiment of the present invention, the material box 1 includes a front box plate 12, a rear box plate 13 and two side plates 11;
the front box plate 12 and the rear box plate 13 are oppositely arranged;
the two side plates 11 are respectively arranged on two sides of the front box plate 12 and the rear box plate 13, so that the side plates 11, the front box plate 12 and the rear box plate 13 are combined into a box shape; wherein, the front box plate 12 and the rear box plate 13 can be assembled with the side plates 11 by riveting or welding.
The lower parts of the front box plate 12 and the rear box plate 13 are bent inwards and have a first bending angle alpha which is 150-160 degrees; the lower part of the side plate 11 is bent inwards and has a second bending angle beta which is 120-130 degrees; in this embodiment, the angle selection of the bending angle α of the front box plate 12 and the bending angle β of the rear box plate 13 and the bending angle β of the side plate 11 is obtained by statistical analysis of test data, that is, the maximum static friction angle of common agricultural granulated fertilizers and main crop seeds on the surface of the metal plate is measured, the discharge speed required when the materials are spread is fully considered, scientific analysis and calculation are performed to form the bending angle α and the bending angle β, and the spraying surface treatment is adopted on the inner wall of the material box 1, which greatly reduces the surface friction coefficient, so that the actually adopted bending angle α and bending angle β are preferably 156 ° and 128 °, respectively.
In the invention, the cross section formed by combining the lower parts of the side plates 11, the front box plate 12 and the rear box plate 13 is in a diamond shape. In this embodiment, the diamond-shaped bottom is designed to function as: the inside of increasing workbin 1 is arranged material smoothness nature and thoroughness nature, avoids the wall built-up of material around in the workbin 1 to and the intermediate falling speed is too fast, causes the feed unstability, can't cooperate spiral discharge mechanism 2 to realize stabilizing quantitative row material etc..
In one embodiment of the invention, a coating is arranged on the inner wall of the material box 1, and the coating comprises a fluorine coating taking polytetrafluoroethylene as matrix resin. Therefore, by utilizing the characteristics of excellent heat resistance, chemical inertness, wear resistance, low friction coefficient and the like of the coating, the wall hanging of the materials in the material box 1 can be effectively avoided, and the clamping stagnation of the materials is reduced.
Referring to fig. 6-12, in one embodiment of the present invention, the spiral discharging mechanism 2 includes a mounting bracket 21, a discharging motor 22, a discharging pipe 24 and a packing auger shaft 25.
The mounting bracket 21 is fixedly mounted below the material box 1; in this embodiment, the mounting bracket 21 may pass through the bottom fixing holes of the front box plate 12 and the rear box plate 13 through screws for fixing connection, and at the same time, fix the spiral discharging mechanism 2 on the side wall of the front box plate 12 by using six front box plate fixing screws, and the discharging pipe 24 is embedded in the circular hole of the side wall of the rear box plate 13.
A discharging motor 22 is fixed on the mounting bracket 21 through a discharging motor bracket 23, and the discharging motor 22 is connected with the automatic control system 4;
a feeding hole 241 and a discharging hole 242 are arranged on the discharging pipe 24, the feeding hole 241 is communicated with the bottom of the material box 1, the discharging hole 242 is connected with the scattering mechanism 3 through a material guiding hole 243, and the material guiding hole 243 is fixedly connected with the mounting bracket 21 through a material guiding hole fixing screw 244; wherein, a support flange 245 is arranged on the discharging pipe 24, and the support flange 245 is fixedly connected with the front box plate 12 through a front box plate fixing screw 246;
the both ends of auger shaft 25 are installed through bearing 26 respectively arrange the inside of material pipe 24, be provided with auger 27 on the auger shaft 25, just auger shaft 25's one end still through the shaft coupling 28 with it is connected to arrange material motor 22.
In this embodiment, when the material spreading device works, the material in the material box 1 enters the spiral discharging mechanism 2 through the material inlet 241 of the material discharging pipe 24, the discharging motor 22 drives the screw conveyor shaft 25 and the screw conveyor 27 to rotate, the material is pushed to move toward the material outlet 242 in a quantitative manner, and enters the spreading mechanism 3 through the material inlet 243 under the action of the self-weight of the material.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a discharging motor cover 210 is disposed outside the discharging motor 22, and the discharging motor cover 210 is fixed on the mounting bracket 21 by a discharging motor fixing screw 29. Therefore, the protection effect and the safety can be improved, and the potential safety hazard is reduced.
Referring to fig. 13-17, in one embodiment of the present invention, the spreader mechanism 3 includes a disk cover 31, a spreader motor 33, and a material throwing disk 35.
A disc cover 31 is fixed below the mounting bracket 21 through a disc cover fixing screw 32;
a sowing motor 33 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the mounting bracket 21 through a motor fixing screw 34, and the upper part of the sowing motor 33 passes through the central position of the disc cover 31;
the material throwing disc 35 is arranged below the disc cover 31, the material throwing disc 35 and the disc cover 31 are enclosed to form a continuous negative pressure cavity, the upper surface of the material throwing disc 35 is provided with a plurality of material throwing disc blades 36, and the continuous negative pressure cavity is divided into material throwing channels by the plurality of material throwing disc blades 36; the material throwing disc 35 is further connected with the spreading motor 33, and the spreading motor 33 can drive the material throwing disc 35 to rotate, so that the materials are directionally thrown out through the material throwing channel.
In this embodiment, the sowing motor 33 is a brushless motor, and a rotor thereof is connected with the material throwing disk 35 by a screw to drive the material throwing disk 35 to rotate at a high speed; the stator of the sowing motor 33 is fixed to the mounting bracket 21 by four motor fixing screws 34 while passing through the center hole of the disc cover 31. The spreading mechanism 3 has the function of uniformly spreading granular fertilizer or seeds and the like conveyed by the spiral discharging mechanism 2, the spreading motor 33 drives the material throwing plate 35 to rotate at a high speed, the material throwing plate blades 36 on the material throwing plate 35 and the static disc cover 31 form a continuous negative pressure cavity, so that the materials fall onto the material throwing plate 35 under the action of self weight and negative pressure and are directionally thrown out along the material throwing plate blades 36 under the action of centrifugal force.
In one embodiment of the invention, a plurality of the throwing disk blades 36 are arranged on the upper surface of the throwing disk 35 at equal intervals along the same inclined direction. In this embodiment, four position included angles of throwing charging tray blades 36 on the throwing charging tray 35 are fixed, and through the rotational speed of the regulation and control scattering motor 33, the uniform scattering of different materials in the operation advancing direction can be realized.
Referring to fig. 18, in an embodiment of the present invention, the automatic control system 4 includes:
a material selection switch 41 for manually selecting the type of the material;
the database 42 is used for storing and reading out agricultural requirements of the sowing operation corresponding to each material;
the operation speed acquisition module 43 is used for acquiring forward operation speed data of the traction equipment;
the automatic sowing control module 44 is used for outputting a rotating speed control signal to the electronic speed regulator 45 according to the agricultural and agricultural requirements of sowing operation and the forward operation speed data;
and the electronic speed regulator 45 is used for receiving the rotating speed control signal and controlling the spreading motor 33 of the spreading mechanism 3 to rotate at a set rotating speed, and the electronic speed regulator 45 can also control the discharging motor 22 of the spiral discharging mechanism 2 to discharge blockage or rotate at a set rotating speed through the blockage prevention and discharge module 46.
In this embodiment, the type of the material to be spread is selected according to the material selection switch 41, and the corresponding agricultural requirement of the spreading operation, that is, the material amount k for unit area and the spreading width B (actually stored is the rotation speed of the material throwing disc 35) are read from the database 42; then, a rotation speed control signal of the sowing motor 33 is outputted in accordance with the requirement of the work width B, and the sowing motor 33 is rotated at a set rotation speed by the electronic speed governor 45. Meanwhile, the automatic spreading control module 44 reads forward speed data of the traction equipment in real time (the rotating speed of the tractor traveling wheels is measured through an encoder, and then the forward speed is calculated), the rotating speed of the auger 27 at the current operating speed is calculated through a formula, and the rotating speed of the discharging motor 22 is adjusted through the electronic speed regulator 45, so that the discharging amount is controlled.
It should be noted that the quantitative sowing in the present invention is that, no matter how the operation speed of the power traction equipment changes during the operation, the fertilizing amount or sowing seed amount per unit area of field block is always kept at a fixed value for a certain granular fertilizer or crop seed, and the sowing amount can be calculated by the following formulas (1) and (2), respectively:
W＝A·n·t·P (1)
W＝v·t·B·k (2)
in the formula: w is the spreading amount, namely the weight of the materials spread on the field blocks discharged by the spiral discharging mechanism 2; a is the volume of the discharged materials after the auger 27 rotates for one circle, is determined by the design parameters of the auger 27 and is a constant; n is the rotation speed of the auger 27; t is sowing time; p is the volume weight of the material, namely the weight of the material in unit volume; v is the work forward speed; b is the sowing width; k is the fertilizing amount or the seeding amount per unit area and is determined by the agricultural requirements.
Substituting equation (1) into equation (2) yields equation (3) as follows:
for a certain material, in order to ensure the spreading uniformity, the optimal rotating speed of the material throwing disc 35 is measured by tests and is fixed, so that the spreading width is fixed, namely B is a constant; from the above, when a certain material is sown, a, P and B are all constants, and in order to realize quantitative sowing, i.e. k is always constant in the operation process, the auger rotation speed n must be changed along with the change of the operation advancing speed v. Therefore, the rotating speed of the auger 27 at the current operation speed can be calculated through the formula (3).
In the invention, the spiral discharging mechanism 2 utilizes the gravity of the material and the friction force generated between the gravity and the pipe wall of the discharging pipe 24 to ensure that the material does not rotate along with the blades of the rotating auger 27 but moves along the axial direction of the auger shaft 25, thereby achieving the function of conveying the material and being suitable for non-viscous small-particle materials. When the materials have impurities such as small, hard, sticky or easy winding due to various reasons, the spiral discharging mechanism 2 is easily blocked or blocked, and the material conveying is stopped or unstable.
In the invention, the automatic anti-blocking and blockage-removing functions of the anti-blocking and blockage-removing module 46 are all completed by a hardware circuit, and the anti-blocking and blockage-removing module has the advantages of stable and reliable operation, strong anti-interference capability and the like. The principle is as follows: the load current of the material discharging motor 22 is monitored in real time, when the spiral material discharging mechanism 2 is jammed or blocked, the load current of the material discharging motor 22 is increased instantly, at the moment, the automatic control system 4 immediately cuts off the power supply of the material discharging motor 22, meanwhile, the material discharging motor 22 is reversely supplied with power through the power supply reversing circuit, the material discharging motor 22 drives the packing auger 27 to reversely rotate, and sundries causing jamming or blocking are pushed out. When the discharging motor 22 rotates reversely and stably, the power supply direction is automatically switched by the power supply reversing circuit, so that the discharging motor 22 continues to rotate forwards to perform normal discharging.
Specifically, referring to fig. 19, in an embodiment of the present invention, the anti-blocking and plug-removing module 46 includes:
the double-pole double-throw relay K1 is used for switching the steering direction of a discharging motor 22 of the spiral discharging mechanism 2; in this embodiment, the discharging motor 22 may be a dc speed reducing motor.
One end of the high polymer positive coefficient temperature element F1 is connected with the double-pole double-throw relay K1, and the other end of the high polymer positive coefficient temperature element F1 is grounded; in the present embodiment, the Polymeric Positive Temperature Coefficient Temperature element F1 (PPTC, polymeric Positive Temperature Coefficient) is also called a Resettable Fuse (Resettable Fuse) or a Polymeric Fuse (Polyfuse). PPTC exhibits low resistance at normal current conditions, between about several m Ω and several Ω. At the time of overcurrent, the resistance rises sharply, thereby protecting the back-end circuit. Due to the excellent restorable characteristic, when the circuit is used for overcurrent protection, the circuit can be automatically restored to a conducting state after the fault is eliminated.
A pin 1 of the first photoelectric coupler OP1 is connected with one end of a first current-limiting resistor R1 and one end of a first filter capacitor C1, the other end of the first current-limiting resistor R1 is connected with one end of a high polymer positive coefficient temperature element F1, and the other end of the first filter capacitor C1 is grounded; the 3 rd pin of the first photoelectric coupler OP1 is grounded; in this embodiment, the first current limiting resistor R1 is used to limit the current of the circuit.
A second photoelectric coupler OP2, wherein a 1 st pin of the second photoelectric coupler OP2 is connected with a 2 nd pin of the first photoelectric coupler OP1, and a 2 nd pin of the second photoelectric coupler OP2 is grounded; in this embodiment, the first photocoupler OP1 and the second photocoupler OP2 are mainly used as the photoelectric switches in the present circuit.
A base of the first triode Q1 is connected with the 4 th pin of the first photoelectric coupler OP1, a collector of the first triode Q1 is grounded, and an emitter of the first triode Q1 is grounded and connected with the 4 th pin of the three-color status indicator light LED 1; a first pull-up resistor R2 is connected between the base electrode and the emitting electrode of the first triode Q1, and a second filter capacitor C2 is connected between the base electrode and the collector electrode of the first triode Q1;
a second triode Q2, a base of the second triode Q2 is connected with a 4 th pin of the second photoelectric coupler OP2, an emitter of the second triode Q2 is grounded, wherein the base of the second triode Q2 is connected with a 24V power supply through a second pull-up resistor R4, and a third filter capacitor C3 is connected between the base and the emitter of the second triode Q2; in this embodiment, the first pull-up resistor R2 and the second pull-up resistor R4 are used to stabilize the base levels of the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2.
A base of the third triode Q3 is connected with one end of a second current-limiting resistor R3, a collector of the third triode Q3 is grounded and connected with a 2 nd pin of the three-color status indicator lamp LED1, an emitter of the third triode Q3 is connected with a collector of the second triode Q2, and a fourth filter capacitor C4 is connected between the base and the emitter of the third triode Q3; in this embodiment, the second current limiting resistor R3 is used to limit the current of the circuit. The first filter capacitor C1, the second filter capacitor C2, the third filter capacitor C3 and the fourth filter capacitor C4 are filter capacitors, and are mainly used for removing interference and burr signals in a circuit. The first triode Q1 is preferably a PNP type triode, and the second triode Q2 and the third triode Q3 are NPN type triodes and are used as driving tubes of the three-color status indicator light LED 1.
Hall switch type level sensor S1 for whether perception workbin 1 has the material, hall switch type level sensor S1 'S the 1 st foot is connected with the 24V power, hall switch type level sensor S1' S the 2 nd foot with third triode Q3 'S projecting pole second triode Q2' S collecting electrode is connected, hall switch type level sensor S1 'S the 3 rd foot with second current-limiting resistor R3' S the other end and three-colour status indicator LED1 'S the 3 rd foot are connected, wherein, three-colour status indicator LED 1' S the 1 st foot connects the 24V power. In this embodiment, three-colour status indicator LED 1's inside adopts to be connected altogether positive, and public power supply is anodal promptly, and this circuit definition green lamp has the material and the device normal operation for workbin 1, and the yellow light lacks the material and the device normal operation for workbin 1, and the red light is that spiral discharge mechanism 2 takes place the jamming or blocks up and is automatic clear stifled.
In the present invention, the power supply of the anti-blocking and blocking-removing module 46 is direct current 24 volts (+ 24V), the internal resistance of the driving coil of the double-pole double-throw relay K1 is generally about 1K Ω, and during normal operation, the current of +24V is supplied to the discharging motor 22 through the normal contact of the double-pole double-throw relay K1, and the backflow flows to the relay coil and the high polymer positive coefficient temperature element F1 through the other normal contact of the double-pole double-throw relay K1. Since the resistance of the polymer positive temperature coefficient element F1 is normally much smaller than the internal resistance of the relay coil of the double-pole double-throw relay K1, the return current flows back to the negative electrode of +24V through the polymer positive temperature coefficient element F1. When the spiral discharging mechanism 2 is blocked or blocked, the driving current of the discharging motor 22 is increased at the highest speed, when the current exceeds the maximum working current of the high polymer positive coefficient temperature element F1, the internal resistance of the high polymer positive coefficient temperature element F1 is instantly increased to reach the number M omega, which is much larger than the internal resistance of the coil of the double-pole double-throw relay K1, at the moment, the backflow of the driving current of the discharging motor 22 flows back to the negative pole of +24V through the coil of the double-pole double-throw relay K1, therefore, the double-pole double-throw relay K1 inevitably generates contact action, the normal state contact is disconnected, the working contact is attracted, the power supply direction of the discharging motor 22 is changed, and the discharging operation is carried out, namely, the discharging auger 27 reversely rotates to push out blocked materials.
During the blockage removing operation, the working current of the discharging motor 22 in the reverse rotation direction is the normal current of the motor, which is much smaller than the maximum working current of the high polymer positive coefficient temperature element F1, so that the internal resistance of the high polymer positive coefficient temperature element F1 is automatically and gradually reduced. When the internal resistance of the high polymer positive coefficient temperature element F1 is reduced to be smaller than the resistance of the coil of the double-pole double-throw relay K1, the current flowing through the coil of the double-pole double-throw relay K1 does not support the action of the relay contact, the double-pole double-throw relay K1 immediately restores normal contact actuation, the working contact is disconnected, and the discharging motor 22 restores normal discharging rotation, namely forward rotation. Therefore, the automatic anti-blocking and blockage-removing actions are completed.
The automatic anti-blocking and blockage-removing function is automatically completed by a hardware circuit, and human-computer interaction information is not provided, so that the improvement of materials by a device user is not facilitated, and the operation efficiency is improved. Therefore, the automatic anti-blocking and blockage-discharging circuit provides a discharging state display function, namely, the working state of the device is prompted in real time through the three-color state indicator light LED 1.
Specifically, during normal distribution operation, the internal resistance of the positive temperature coefficient element F1 is very small, so the voltage value at the common end of the positive temperature coefficient element F1 and the first current limiting resistor R1 is also very small, and the voltage value generated in the series circuit formed by the first current limiting resistor R1, the first photocoupler OP1 and the second photocoupler OP2 is also very small, which is not enough to turn on the first photocoupler OP1 and the second photocoupler OP2, i.e. at this time, the first photocoupler OP1 and the second photocoupler OP2 are in the off state. Under the action of the first pull-up resistor R2, the first triode Q1 is in a cut-off state, and the red lamp is turned off. Under the action of a second pull-up resistor R4, a second triode Q2 is in a conducting state, so that the voltage value of the common terminal of the 3 pin of the Hall switch type material level sensor S1 and the emitting electrode of a third triode Q3 is 0V, if a material box 1 contains materials, a Hall switch in the Hall switch type material level sensor S1 is closed, namely the 2 pin and the 3 pin are conducted, the voltage of the negative electrode of a green lamp is 0V, and at the moment, the green lamp is on; if workbin 1 does not have the material, the inside hall switch of hall switch type material level sensor S1 ends, and the magnitude of voltage of 2 feet is +24V, and green light goes out, and at this moment, the electric current of second current-limiting resistor R3 of flowing through makes third triode Q3 switch on, and yellow light negative pole voltage is 0V, and yellow light is bright.
When material jamming or blockage occurs, the motor driving current is rapidly increased, so that the internal resistance of the high polymer positive coefficient temperature element F1 is increased to be approximately cut off, the voltage value of the common end of the high polymer positive coefficient temperature element F1 and the first current limiting resistor R1 is close to +24V, the voltage value is close to +24V, the first photoelectric coupler OP1 and the second photoelectric coupler OP2 are conducted by the current generated on a series circuit formed by the first current limiting resistor R1, the first photoelectric coupler OP1 and the second photoelectric coupler OP2, namely the output ends of the first photoelectric coupler OP1 and the second photoelectric coupler OP2 are conducted, at the moment, the second triode Q2 is cut off, the Hall switch type material level sensor S1 and the third triode Q3 are in power supply loop failure, namely a green lamp and a yellow lamp are turned off; meanwhile, the first triode Q1 is conducted, so that the voltage of the negative electrode of the red light is 0V, the red light is on, and the prompt of the anti-blocking and blockage-removing process is carried out.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the discharging motor 22 is connected to a transient diode D1, and the double-pole double-throw relay K1 is connected to a switch diode D2. In this embodiment, the transient diode D1 can suppress transient high-energy electric energy impact generated when the discharging motor 22 is started or stopped in the circuit; the switching diode D2 can eliminate reverse current of the driving coil of the double pole double throw relay K1.
In summary, the invention has the following advantages:
1) The seed sowing speed of the invention can be automatically adjusted in real time according to the operation walking speed, the operation walking speed is high, the seed sowing is fast, the operation walking speed is slow, and the seed sowing is slow; in actual production operation, the operation walking speed is changed all the time, while the seeding speed of the conventional device is not changed.
2) The invention has the functions of automatic anti-blocking and blockage removal, is realized by pure hardware, has state indication, and has the advantages of low cost, reliability and quick response.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above examples only represent several embodiments of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides an automatic prevent stifled auger delivery and scatter device which characterized in that includes:
the material box (1), the material box (1) is used for loading materials;
the spiral discharging mechanism (2), the spiral discharging mechanism (2) is arranged at the bottom of the material box (1);
the spreading mechanism (3), the spreading mechanism (3) is connected with the spiral discharging mechanism (2), the spiral discharging mechanism (2) can convey the materials in the material box (1) to the spreading mechanism (3), and the spreading mechanism (3) can throw the materials out;
the automatic control system (4) is respectively connected with the spiral discharging mechanism (2) and the sowing mechanism (3), the automatic control system (4) can drive the spiral discharging mechanism (2) and the sowing mechanism (3) to adjust the discharging and scattering speeds according to the operation speed, so that the sowing amount and the operation breadth in a unit area are constant, the automatic control system (4) can also judge whether the spiral discharging mechanism (2) is blocked, and the spiral discharging mechanism (2) is controlled to discharge the blockage when the blockage occurs;
the automatic control system (4) comprises:
the material selection switch (41) is used for manually selecting the types of materials;
the database (42) is used for storing and reading out agricultural requirements of the sowing operation corresponding to each material;
the operation speed acquisition module (43) is used for acquiring the forward operation speed data of the traction equipment;
the automatic sowing control module (44) is used for outputting a rotating speed control signal to the electronic speed regulator (45) according to sowing operation agricultural requirements and advancing operation speed data;
the electronic speed regulator (45) is used for receiving the rotating speed control signal and controlling a sowing motor (33) of the sowing mechanism (3) to rotate according to a set rotating speed, and the electronic speed regulator (45) can also control a discharging motor (22) of the spiral discharging mechanism (2) to discharge blockage or rotate according to the set rotating speed through an anti-blocking blockage discharging module (46);
the anti-blocking and blockage-removing module (46) comprises:
the double-pole double-throw relay (K1) is used for switching the steering of a discharging motor (22) of the spiral discharging mechanism (2);
one end of the high polymer positive coefficient temperature element (F1) is connected with the double-pole double-throw relay (K1), and the other end of the high polymer positive coefficient temperature element (F1) is grounded;
the photoelectric coupler comprises a first photoelectric coupler (OP 1), wherein a pin 1 of the first photoelectric coupler (OP 1) is connected with one end of a first current-limiting resistor (R1) and one end of a first filter capacitor (C1), the other end of the first current-limiting resistor (R1) is connected with one end of a high polymer positive coefficient temperature element (F1), and the other end of the first filter capacitor (C1) is grounded; the 3 rd pin of the first photoelectric coupler (OP 1) is grounded;
a second photoelectric coupler (OP 2), wherein the 1 st pin of the second photoelectric coupler (OP 2) is connected with the 2 nd pin of the first photoelectric coupler (OP 1), and the 2 nd pin of the second photoelectric coupler (OP 2) is grounded;
a first triode (Q1), wherein the base of the first triode (Q1) is connected with the 4 th pin of the first photoelectric coupler (OP 1), the collector of the first triode (Q1) is grounded, and the emitter of the first triode (Q1) is grounded and connected with the 4 th pin of the three-color status indicator lamp (LED 1); a first pull-up resistor (R2) is connected between the base electrode and the emitting electrode of the first triode (Q1), and a second filter capacitor (C2) is connected between the base electrode and the collector electrode of the first triode (Q1);
a base electrode of the second triode (Q2) is connected with a pin 4 of the second photoelectric coupler (OP 2), an emitting electrode of the second triode (Q2) is grounded, wherein the base electrode of the second triode (Q2) is connected with a 24V power supply through a second pull-up resistor (R4), and a third filter capacitor (C3) is connected between the base electrode and the emitting electrode of the second triode (Q2);
a base electrode of the third triode (Q3) is connected with one end of a second current-limiting resistor (R3), a collector electrode of the third triode (Q3) is grounded and is connected with a 2 nd pin of a three-color status indicator lamp (LED 1), an emitter electrode of the third triode (Q3) is connected with a collector electrode of the second triode (Q2), and a fourth filter capacitor (C4) is connected between the base electrode and the emitter electrode of the third triode (Q3);
the device comprises a Hall switch type material level sensor (S1), wherein a 1 st pin of the Hall switch type material level sensor (S1) is connected with a 24V power supply, a 2 nd pin of the Hall switch type material level sensor (S1) is connected with an emitting electrode of a third triode (Q3) and a collecting electrode of a second triode (Q2), a 3 rd pin of the Hall switch type material level sensor (S1) is connected with the other end of a second current-limiting resistor (R3) and a 3 rd pin of a three-color state indicator lamp (LED 1), and the 1 st pin of the three-color state indicator lamp (LED 1) is connected with the 24V power supply;
the discharging motor (22) is connected with the transient diode (D1), and the double-pole double-throw relay (K1) is connected with the switch diode (D2).
2. The automatic anti-blocking and blockage-removing spiral conveying and spreading device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bin (1) comprises a front bin plate (12), a rear bin plate (13) and two side plates (11);
the front box plate (12) and the rear box plate (13) are arranged oppositely;
the two side plates (11) are respectively arranged on two sides of the front box plate (12) and the rear box plate (13), so that the side plates (11), the front box plate (12) and the rear box plate (13) are combined into a box shape;
the lower parts of the front box plate (12) and the rear box plate (13) are bent inwards and have a first bending angle alpha, and the first bending angle alpha is 150-160 degrees; the lower part of the side plate (11) is bent inwards and has a second bending angle beta which is 120-130 degrees; and the cross section formed by combining the lower parts of the side plates (11), the front box plate (12) and the rear box plate (13) is in a diamond shape.
3. The automatic anti-blocking and blockage-removing spiral conveying and spreading device as claimed in claim 2, wherein a coating is arranged on the inner wall of the bin (1), and the coating comprises a fluorine coating taking polytetrafluoroethylene as matrix resin.
4. An automatic anti-clogging and anti-discharge auger delivery and spreading device as claimed in claim 3, wherein said auger discharge mechanism (2) comprises:
the mounting bracket (21), the mounting bracket (21) is fixedly mounted below the material box (1);
the discharging motor (22) is fixed on the mounting bracket (21) through a discharging motor bracket (23), and the discharging motor (22) is connected with the automatic control system (4);
the material discharging device comprises a material discharging pipe (24), wherein a feeding hole (241) and a discharging hole (242) are formed in the material discharging pipe (24), the feeding hole (241) is communicated with the bottom of the material box (1), the discharging hole (242) is connected with the spreading mechanism (3) through a material guiding hole (243), and the material guiding hole (243) is fixedly connected with the mounting bracket (21) through a material guiding hole fixing screw (244); wherein, a support flange (245) is arranged on the discharging pipe (24), and the support flange (245) is fixedly connected with the front box plate (12) through a front box plate fixing screw (246);
auger shaft (25), both ends are installed through bearing (26) respectively arrange the inside of material pipe (24), be provided with auger (27) on auger shaft (25), just the one end of auger shaft (25) still through shaft coupling (28) with it is connected to arrange material motor (22).
5. The automatic anti-blocking and discharging auger delivery and scattering device according to claim 4, wherein a discharging motor cover (210) is provided outside the discharging motor (22), and the discharging motor cover (210) is fixed on the mounting bracket (21) by a discharging motor fixing screw (211).
6. An automatic anti-clogging and anti-clogging auger delivery seeding device as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein said seeding mechanism (3) comprises:
a disk cover (31) fixed below the mounting bracket (21) by a disk cover fixing screw (32);
the spreading motor (33) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the mounting bracket (21) through a motor fixing screw (34), and the upper part of the spreading motor (33) penetrates through the center position of the disc cover (31);
the material throwing disc (35) is arranged below the disc cover (31), the material throwing disc (35) and the disc cover (31) are enclosed to form a continuous negative pressure cavity, a plurality of material throwing disc blades (36) are arranged on the upper surface of the material throwing disc (35), and the continuous negative pressure cavity is divided into material throwing channels by the plurality of material throwing disc blades (36); the material throwing plate (35) is further connected with the spreading motor (33), and the spreading motor (33) can drive the material throwing plate (35) to rotate, so that materials are directionally thrown out through the material throwing channel.
7. An automatic anti-clogging and anti-discharge auger delivery spreader as claimed in claim 6 wherein said plurality of throwing disk blades (36) are equally spaced along the same inclined direction on the upper surface of said throwing disk (35).
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