CN114449417B

CN114449417B - Speaker and electronic equipment

Info

Publication number: CN114449417B
Application number: CN202011198024.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黎椿键; 刘石磊; 辜磊; 陶婧雅
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-10-30
Filing date: 2020-10-30
Publication date: 2022-11-25
Anticipated expiration: 2040-10-30
Also published as: CN114449417A

Abstract

The application discloses a loudspeaker and an electronic device. The speaker may be a bone conduction speaker or a cartilage conduction speaker. The pushing piece of the loudspeaker is made of a flexible high polymer material with high biocompatibility, so that the loudspeaker and the electronic equipment applying the loudspeaker are comfortable to wear.

Description

Speaker and electronic equipment

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of audio frequency, in particular to a loudspeaker and electronic equipment.

Background

At present, in order to improve the sound leakage problem of a speaker, some portable electronic devices employ a bone conduction speaker to utilize a contact type sound transmission technology, so that sound wave energy is dissipated in the air less, sound leakage is reduced, and the privacy of communication and listening is improved. However, the pushing members of the conventional bone conduction speakers are hard, which leads to a reduction in wearing comfort of the user.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide a loudspeaker and an electronic device. The speaker may be a bone conduction speaker or a cartilage conduction speaker. The pushing piece of the loudspeaker is made of a flexible high polymer material with high biocompatibility, so that the loudspeaker and the electronic equipment applying the loudspeaker are comfortable to wear.

In a first aspect, the present application provides a loudspeaker comprising a base, a piezoelectric film, and a matching layer. The piezoelectric film is fixed on the base, the piezoelectric film is made of piezoelectric polymer material with Young modulus less than or equal to 1GPa, and the piezoelectric film is provided with a contact surface for contacting a user. The matching layer is fixed on the contact surface of the piezoelectric film, and the acoustic impedance of the matching layer is gradually close to 1.5MPa s/m in the direction far away from the piezoelectric film ³ 。

In the present application, the piezoelectric film is used to contact a user and push bone or cartilage of the user to vibrate, thereby transmitting sound waves converted from an electrical signal directly through the bone or cartilage to an acoustic nerve of the user. Because the piezoelectric film adopts the flexible piezoelectric polymer material with high biocompatibility, the loudspeaker has better wearing comfort and improves the use experience of users. In addition, the acoustic impedance of the common piezoelectric polymer material is closer to the acoustic impedance of a human body than that of a metal or ceramic material of a traditional bone conduction speaker, so that sound waves generated by the vibration of the speaker can smoothly enter the human body, and the sound wave transmission effect is enhanced.

Furthermore, the speaker contacts the user through the matching layer. The matching layer is used for transiting the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric film and the acoustic impedance of a human body so as to increase the transmission characteristic of the sound wave. Wherein, the matching layer is of a gradual acoustic impedance change structure. The acoustic impedance of the matching layer approaches the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric film in a direction approaching the piezoelectric film.

In one possible implementation, the acoustic impedance of the matching layer near the surface layer of the piezoelectric film is the same as the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric film. At this time, the acoustic wave of the piezoelectric film can smoothly enter the matching layer.

In one possible implementation, the matching layer includes a first material and a second material, and the acoustic impedance of the first material is greater than 2mpa × s/m ³ The second material has an acoustic impedance of 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ In the range, the mixing ratio of the first material decreases and the mixing ratio of the second material increases in a direction away from the piezoelectric film.

In this implementation manner, by setting the mixing ratio of the first material and the second material, the matching layer forms a structure with gradually changing acoustic impedance, and the acoustic impedance of the matching layer gradually approaches the acoustic impedance of the human body in the direction away from the piezoelectric film.

The first material can be nylon, polystyrene, phenolic resin and other materials, and the second material can be latex, polydimethylsiloxane, rubber and other materials.

The surface layer of the matching layer close to the piezoelectric film may include the first material and not include the second material, or may include both the first material and the second material; the surface layer of the matching layer remote from the piezoelectric film may include the second material and not the first material, or may include both the first material and the second material.

In one possible implementation, the matching layer includes at least two matching film layers with different acoustic impedances, and the matching film layers are stacked. In the direction close to the piezoelectric film, the acoustic impedance of the plurality of matching film layers gradually approaches the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric film; in the direction away from the piezoelectric film, the acoustic impedance of the multiple matching film layers gradually approaches that of the human body. At this time, the whole matching layer exhibits a characteristic of gradual change in acoustic impedance, and the acoustic impedance gradually approaches that of the human body in a direction away from the piezoelectric film.

In one possible implementation, the matching layer includes a first matching film layer and a second matching film layer, the first matching film layer and the second matching film layer are fixed to each other in a stacked manner, the first matching film layer is located between the piezoelectric film and the second matching film layer, and acoustic impedance of the first matching film layer is greater than 2mpa × s/m ³ And the acoustic impedance of the second matching film layer is 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Within the range.

The first matching film layer and the second matching film layer may include a single material or may include a plurality of materials with different acoustic impedances to satisfy acoustic impedance requirements. Wherein the acoustic impedance is greater than 2MPa s/m ³ The material can be nylon, polystyrene, phenolic resin, etc., and the acoustic impedance is 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Materials within the range may employ latex, polydimethylsiloxane, rubber, and the like.

In one possible implementation manner, the matching layer includes a plurality of first teeth and a plurality of second teeth, and the plurality of first teeth and the plurality of second teeth are staggered and connected to each other. The first teeth and the second teeth can be arranged in a plurality of staggered ways, such as one-to-one staggered, one-to-two staggered, two-to-one staggered, two-to-two staggered, and the like.

The first tooth part is triangular or trapezoidal, the second tooth part is triangular or trapezoidal, the bottom edge of the first tooth part is opposite to the bottom edge of the second tooth part, the bottom edge of the first tooth part is positioned between the piezoelectric film and the bottom edge of the second tooth part, and the acoustic impedance of the first tooth part is larger than 2MPa s/m ³ Acoustic impedance of the second tooth is 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Within the range. At this time, the matching layer exhibits a characteristic of gradual change in acoustic impedance as a whole, and the acoustic impedance gradually approaches the acoustic impedance of the human body in a direction away from the piezoelectric film.

The first tooth portion and the second tooth portion may include a single material or may include a plurality of materials with different acoustic impedances to meet acoustic impedance requirements. Wherein the acoustic impedance is greater than 2MPa s/m ³ The material can be nylon, polystyrene, phenolic resin, etc., and the acoustic impedance is 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Materials within the range may employ latex, polydimethylsiloxane, rubber, and the like.

The side edges of the first tooth part and the second tooth part can be in a linear shape, a step shape or a wavy shape.

In a possible implementation manner, the matching layer may further include a fixing portion and a contact portion, the fixing portion is used for being fixed to the piezoelectric film, the contact portion is used for contacting a user, the first teeth and the second teeth are located between the fixing portion and the contact portion, the bottom sides of the first teeth are fixedly connected to the fixing portion, acoustic impedance of the fixing portion is the same as acoustic impedance of the first teeth, the bottom sides of the second teeth are fixedly connected to the contact portion, and acoustic impedance of the contact portion is the same as acoustic impedance of the second teeth.

In a possible implementation manner, the matching layer may also be a structure with a constant acoustic impedance. At this time, the acoustic impedance of the matching layer is between that of the piezoelectric film and that of the human body. At this time, the matching layer can transit the impedance difference between the piezoelectric film and the human body, and the transmission efficiency of sound waves transmitted between the piezoelectric film and the matching layer and the human body is higher than that transmitted between the piezoelectric film and the human body, so that the transmission efficiency of the loudspeaker is improved by the arrangement of the matching layer, and the bone conduction efficiency/cartilage conduction efficiency of the loudspeaker is improved.

In a possible implementation mode, the piezoelectric film adopts a multilayer structure, the requirement on driving voltage can be effectively reduced, the electric field intensity is further increased, the size of the driving force is improved, and the driving force effect is increased. Among them, the piezoelectric film may be a single crystal structure or a double crystal structure.

In one possible implementation, the piezoelectric film includes at least one first piezoelectric film layer and at least one second piezoelectric film layer stacked, a polarization direction of the first piezoelectric film layer is the same as an electric field direction, and a polarization direction of the second piezoelectric film layer is opposite to the electric field direction.

In one possible implementation, the base is an annular frame, the periphery of the piezoelectric film is fixed to the base, and the middle part of the piezoelectric film can vibrate relative to the periphery of the piezoelectric film when the piezoelectric film is electrified. The contact surface of the piezoelectric film may be located on a side of the piezoelectric film facing away from the base.

In a possible implementation manner, the piezoelectric film includes a top surface and a bottom surface that are opposite to each other, the bottom surface of the piezoelectric film is fixed to the base, and when the piezoelectric film is powered on, the top surface of the piezoelectric film can vibrate relative to the bottom surface of the piezoelectric film. Wherein the contact surface of the piezoelectric film is formed on the top surface of the piezoelectric film.

In a possible implementation manner, one end of the piezoelectric film is fixed on the base, the other end of the piezoelectric film is arranged in a suspended mode, and when the piezoelectric film is electrified, the other end of the piezoelectric film can vibrate relative to one end of the piezoelectric film. In this implementation, the fixed, other end of piezoelectric film one end is unsettled and the design of vibration, for piezoelectric film both ends or fixed, the design of middle part vibration all around, has bigger vibration stroke, also can have bigger vibration amplitude for the speaker to obtain bigger loudness.

The contact surface can be positioned at the suspended end of the piezoelectric film and at the side of the piezoelectric film, which is back to the base; alternatively, the contact surface may be located at the suspended end of the piezoelectric film and at a side of the piezoelectric film close to the base.

In a possible implementation manner, the base has a receiving groove, the piezoelectric film includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion of the piezoelectric film is received in the receiving groove, the second portion of the piezoelectric film protrudes from the base, and when the piezoelectric film is energized, the second portion of the piezoelectric film can vibrate along a groove depth direction of the receiving groove. Wherein the contact surface of the piezoelectric film may be located at an end face of the second portion remote from the first portion.

In one possible implementation, the speaker includes a base and a piezoelectric film, the periphery of the piezoelectric film being fixed to the base. When the piezoelectric film is electrified, the piezoelectric film deforms, and the middle part of the piezoelectric film can vibrate relative to the periphery of the piezoelectric film. The part of the base used for fixing the piezoelectric film is in a peak shape so as to form a simple beam structure.

In this implementation, because the speaker adopts the fixed knot of simple beam structure, the flexural modulus when having increased the piezoelectric film vibration for the piezoelectric film has bigger vibration stroke, and the loudness of speaker is higher. At this time, the contact surface of the piezoelectric film may be formed on the surface of the portion of the piezoelectric film facing the mount.

In one possible implementation, the piezoelectric polymer is a polyvinylidene fluoride material, a derivative of polyvinylidene fluoride, a copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride and vinyl fluoride, or a copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride and propylene.

In a second aspect, the present application also provides a loudspeaker including a pusher, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The pushing member is made of dielectric high polymer material with Young's modulus less than or equal to 1 GPa. The pushing piece comprises a first face, a second face and a third face, the first face and the second face are arranged in a back-to-back mode, the third face is located between the first face and the second face, the first electrode is fixed on the first face, the second electrode is fixed on the second face, and the third face is used for contacting a user. When a potential difference is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first surface and the second surface are close to or far away from each other, so that the third surface vibrates.

In this implementation, the pushing member of the speaker is made of a flexible, high-biocompatibility dielectric polymer material, so that the speaker has better wearing comfort. In addition, the acoustic impedance of the dielectric polymer material is close to that of the skin, so that the sound waves emitted by the loudspeaker can smoothly enter a human body, and the sound wave transmission effect is enhanced.

In one possible implementation, the dielectric polymer is made of a silicon-based rubber material, a carbon fiber material or a carbon nanotube material.

In one possible implementation manner, the speaker may include a plurality of stacked vibration units, each of the vibration units includes a pushing member, a first electrode, and a second electrode, when the speaker receives a driving voltage, a potential difference is generated between the first electrode and the second electrode of each of the vibration units, and a pushed contact surface of each of the vibration units vibrates to push bone or cartilage of a user together to generate an auditory sensation.

In the implementation mode, the loudspeaker adopts a plurality of vibration units which are stacked, so that the thickness of each vibration unit is smaller, the acting force between two electrodes of each vibration unit is larger, the deformation amount of the pushing piece is larger, the vibration amplitude of the contact surface of the pushing piece is larger, and the driving force of the loudspeaker can be effectively improved.

In one possible implementation, the pusher has a contact surface for contacting a user. The contact surface of the pusher is formed on the third face of the pusher. The loudspeaker also comprises a matching layer, the matching layer is fixed on the contact surface of the pushing piece, and the acoustic impedance of the matching layer is gradually close to 1.5MPa s/m in the direction far away from the pushing piece ³ 。

In this implementation, the speaker contacts the user through the matching layer. The matching layer is used for transiting the acoustic impedance of the pushing piece and the acoustic impedance of a human body so as to increase the transmission characteristic of the sound wave. Wherein, the matching layer is of a gradual acoustic impedance change structure. The acoustic impedance of the matching layer approaches the acoustic impedance of the pusher member in a direction approaching the pusher member.

In one possible implementation, the acoustic impedance of the surface of the matching layer adjacent to the pusher member is the same as the acoustic impedance of the pusher member. At this time, the acoustic wave of the pusher can smoothly enter the matching layer.

In one possible implementation, the matching layer includes a first material and a second material, and the acoustic impedance of the first material is greater than 2mpa × s/m ³ The second material has an acoustic impedance of 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Within the range, the mixing proportion of the first material decreases and the mixing proportion of the second material increases in a direction away from the pusher.

In the implementation mode, the matching layer forms a structure with gradually changed acoustic impedance by setting the mixing ratio of the first material and the second material, and the acoustic impedance of the matching layer is gradually close to the acoustic impedance of a human body in the direction away from the pushing piece.

Wherein the surface layer of the matching layer close to the pushing member can comprise the first material and not comprise the second material, and can also comprise the first material and the second material; the skin of the matching layer distal from the pusher can include the second material and not the first material, or can include both the first and second materials.

In one possible implementation, the matching layer includes at least two matching film layers with different acoustic impedances, and the matching film layers are stacked. In the direction close to the pushing piece, the acoustic impedance of the plurality of matching film layers is gradually close to the acoustic impedance of the pushing piece; the acoustic impedance of the plurality of matching film layers approaches the acoustic impedance of the human body gradually in a direction away from the pusher member. At this time, the whole matching layer has the characteristic of gradually changing acoustic impedance, and the acoustic impedance is gradually close to the acoustic impedance of a human body in the direction far away from the pushing piece.

In one possible implementation, the matching layer includes a first matching film layer and a second matching film layer, the first matching film layer and the second matching film layer are fixed to each other in a stacked manner, the first matching film layer is located between the pushing member and the second matching film layer, and acoustic impedance of the first matching film layer is greater than 2mpa × s/m ³ And the acoustic impedance of the second matching film layer is 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Within the range.

The first matching film layer and the second matching film layer can be made of a single material or can be made of a plurality of materials with different acoustic impedances so as to meet the acoustic impedance requirement. Wherein the acoustic impedance is greater than 2MPa s/m ³ The material can be nylon, polystyrene, phenolic resin, etc., and the acoustic impedance is 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Materials within the range may employ latex, polydimethylsiloxane, rubber, and the like.

The first tooth part is triangular, the second tooth part is triangular, the bottom edge of the first tooth part is opposite to the bottom edge of the second tooth part, the bottom edge of the first tooth part is positioned between the pushing part and the bottom edge of the second tooth part, and the acoustic impedance of the first tooth part is more than 2MPa s/m ³ Acoustic impedance of the second tooth is 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Within the range. At this time, the whole matching layer has the characteristic of gradually changing acoustic impedance, and the acoustic impedance is gradually close to the acoustic impedance of a human body in the direction far away from the pushing piece.

In a possible implementation manner, the matching layer may further include a fixing portion and a contact portion, the fixing portion is configured to be fixed to the pushing element, the contact portion is configured to contact a user, the first teeth and the second teeth are located between the fixing portion and the contact portion, bottom edges of the first teeth are fixedly connected to the fixing portion, acoustic impedance of the fixing portion is the same as acoustic impedance of the first teeth, bottom edges of the second teeth are fixedly connected to the contact portion, and acoustic impedance of the contact portion is the same as acoustic impedance of the second teeth.

In a possible implementation, the matching layer may also be a structure with a constant acoustic impedance. At this time, the acoustic impedance of the matching layer is between that of the pusher and that of the human body. At this time, the matching layer can transition the impedance difference between the pushing piece and the human body, and the transmission efficiency of sound waves transmitted between the pushing piece, the matching layer and the human body is higher than that of the sound waves transmitted between the pushing piece and the human body, so that the transmission efficiency of the loudspeaker is improved by the arrangement of the matching layer, and the bone conduction efficiency/cartilage conduction efficiency of the loudspeaker is improved.

In a third aspect, the present application also provides a loudspeaker comprising a pusher and a driver. The pusher is for contacting a user. The driving piece is used for driving the pushing piece to vibrate, and the pushing piece is made of high polymer material with Young modulus less than or equal to 1 GPa.

In the realization mode, the pushing piece of the loudspeaker is made of flexible high polymer material with high biocompatibility, so that the loudspeaker has better wearing comfort. In addition, the acoustic impedance of the high polymer material is close to that of the skin, so that the sound waves emitted by the loudspeaker can smoothly enter the human body, and the sound wave transmission effect is enhanced.

In one possible implementation, the high polymer material is a polyurethane material, a thermoplastic polyurethane material, a rubber material, a silicone material, a polyethylene terephthalate material, or a polyetherimide material.

In a possible implementation manner, the driving member includes a frame, a vibrating diaphragm, and a piezoelectric sheet, the periphery of the vibrating diaphragm is fixed to the frame, the piezoelectric sheet is fixed to the middle of the vibrating diaphragm, the pushing member is in a film shape, and the pushing member is fixed to a side of the piezoelectric sheet facing away from the vibrating diaphragm or a side of the vibrating diaphragm facing away from the piezoelectric sheet.

In this implementation, when the speaker receives the driving signal, the driving signal controls the piezoelectric patch to deform, the piezoelectric patch transfers the deformation to the pushing member, and the pushing member is used for contacting with the user to transfer the sound wave to the bone or cartilage of the user, so as to generate the auditory sensation.

In a possible implementation manner, the driving member includes a base, a piezoelectric sheet, and a supporting member, the driving member is in a film shape, a periphery of the driving member is fixed to the base, one end of the piezoelectric sheet is fixed to the base, and the supporting member is connected between the other end of the piezoelectric sheet and a middle portion of the driving member. The piezoelectric piece is of a cantilever beam structure and comprises a fixed end and a suspended end, the fixed end is fixed on the base, and the suspended end of the piezoelectric piece pushes the pushing piece to vibrate through the supporting piece. The contact surface of the pushing member is positioned on the side of the pushing member far away from the support member.

In this implementation, when the loudspeaker receives the driving signal, the piezoelectric plate deforms, the suspended end of the piezoelectric plate vibrates, the middle of the pushing part is driven by the supporting part to vibrate, and the pushing part transmits sound waves to bones or cartilages of a user, so that the hearing sense is generated. The suspension end of the piezoelectric sheet adopting the cantilever beam structure has larger displacement, so that the amplitude of the pushing piece is larger, and the loudness of the loudspeaker can be improved.

In a possible implementation manner, the driving part includes a frame, a first driving part and a second driving part, one side of the frame is broken, the pushing part is located inside the frame, the pushing part includes four sides, three sides of the pushing part are connected to the frame, the other side of the pushing part protrudes relative to the frame, the first driving part and the second driving part are respectively located on two opposite sides of the pushing part, and the first driving part and the second driving part are used for oppositely extruding the pushing part, so that the pushing part protrudes out of one side of the frame to generate vibration.

The first and second driving units may be piezoelectric sheets, and the piezoelectric sheets may be made of piezoelectric materials such as lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic materials, lithium niobate piezoelectric crystal materials, aluminum nitride, and zinc oxide. Alternatively, the first and second driving units may employ other drivers, such as an electromagnetic driver, a moving coil driver, an ultrasonic motor driver, and a moving iron driver.

In a possible implementation manner, the driving part comprises a basin frame, an outer yoke, a central magnetic yoke, a magnet, a driving plate and a voice coil, the pushing part is in a film shape, the periphery of the pushing part is fixed on the basin frame, the outer yoke is fixedly connected with the basin frame and is located on one side of the basin frame, which is far away from the pushing part, the central magnetic yoke and the magnet are located on the inner side of the outer yoke, a magnetic gap is formed between the central magnetic yoke and the outer yoke, the magnet is located between the central magnetic yoke and the outer yoke, the driving plate is fixed on one side, which is close to the central magnetic yoke, of the pushing part, one end of the voice coil is fixed on the driving plate, and the other end of the voice coil is located in the magnetic gap. Wherein the contact surface of the pushing member is positioned on one side of the pushing member far away from the driving plate.

In this implementation, when the loudspeaker receives the drive signal, the voice coil is electrified and then is acted by force in the magnetic field, so that the driving plate drives the pushing piece to vibrate, and the pushing piece transmits sound waves to the bone or cartilage of a user, thereby generating a hearing sense.

In one possible implementation manner, the driving member includes a casing, an outer yoke, a magnet, a center yoke, and a voice coil, the pushing member is in a film shape, a periphery of the pushing member is connected to the casing and can vibrate relative to the casing, the outer yoke is fixed to one side of the pushing member, the magnet is fixed to a side of the outer yoke facing away from the pushing member and located inside the outer yoke, the center yoke is fixed to a side of the magnet facing away from the pushing member and located inside the outer yoke, a magnetic gap is formed between the center yoke and the outer yoke, one end of the voice coil is located in the magnetic gap, and the other end of the voice coil is fixed to the casing. Wherein the contact surface of the pusher is located on the side of the pusher remote from the outer yoke.

In the implementation mode, when the loudspeaker receives a driving signal, the voice coil is electrified to generate a magnetic field, the magnetic fields generated by the outer yoke, the magnet and the central yoke interact with the magnetic field generated by the voice coil, and the voice coil is fixed on the shell, so that the outer yoke, the magnet and the central yoke vibrate relative to the shell, the outer yoke pushes the pushing piece to vibrate, and the pushing piece transmits sound waves to bones or cartilages of a user, so that the hearing sense is generated.

In one possible implementation mode, the pushing element is made of magnetic high polymer materials, and the driving element is used for forming a magnetic field environment, so that the pushing element deforms under the control of a magnetic field, and vibration is achieved. In the realization mode, the pushing piece of the loudspeaker is made of a flexible magnetic high polymer material with high biocompatibility, so that the loudspeaker has better wearing comfort. In addition, the acoustic impedance of the magnetic high polymer material is close to that of the skin, so that the sound waves emitted by the loudspeaker can smoothly enter a human body, and the transmission effect of the sound waves is enhanced.

The driving piece comprises an outer yoke, an electromagnet and a central yoke, the central yoke and the electromagnet are located on the inner side of the outer yoke, a magnetic gap is formed between the central yoke and the outer yoke, the electromagnet is located between the central yoke and the outer yoke, a pushing piece is made of magnetic polymer and located in the magnetic gap, and the pushing piece is used for generating vibration in the direction perpendicular to the central yoke under the driving of a magnetic field.

In a possible implementation manner, the magnetic high polymer is made of 1-vinylimidazole material, or the magnetic high polymer is a high polymer doped with magnetic particles.

In a possible implementation, the push member has a contact surface for contacting the user, the loudspeaker further comprising a matching layer secured to the contact surface of the push member, the matching layer having an acoustic impedance approaching 1.5mpa s/m in a direction away from the push member ³ 。

In one possible implementation, the matching layer comprises a first material and a second material, and the acoustic impedance of the first material is greater than 2mpa x s/m ³ The second material has an acoustic impedance of 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Within the range, the mixing proportion of the first material decreases and the mixing proportion of the second material increases in a direction away from the pusher.

The first material can be nylon, polystyrene, phenolic resin and the like, and the second material can be latex, polydimethylsiloxane, rubber and the like.

The surface layer of the matching layer close to the pushing piece can comprise a first material and does not comprise a second material, and can also comprise the first material and the second material; the skin of the matching layer distal from the pusher can include the second material, and not the first material, or can include both the first material and the second material.

In a possible implementation manner, the matching layer includes at least two matching film layers with different acoustic impedances, and the matching film layers are stacked. In the direction close to the pushing piece, the acoustic impedance of the plurality of matching film layers is gradually close to the acoustic impedance of the pushing piece; the acoustic impedance of the plurality of matching film layers approaches the acoustic impedance of the human body gradually in a direction away from the pusher member. At this time, the whole matching layer has the characteristic of gradually changing acoustic impedance, and the acoustic impedance is gradually close to the acoustic impedance of a human body in the direction far away from the pushing piece.

The first tooth part is triangular, the second tooth part is triangular, the bottom edge of the first tooth part is opposite to the bottom edge of the second tooth part, the bottom edge of the first tooth part is positioned between the pushing part and the bottom edge of the second tooth part, and the acoustic impedance of the first tooth part is more than 2MPa s/m ³ Second, secondAcoustic impedance of teeth is 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Within the range. At this time, the matching layer has the characteristic of gradually changing acoustic impedance, and the acoustic impedance is gradually close to the acoustic impedance of the human body in the direction away from the pushing piece.

The first tooth portion and the second tooth portion may include a single material, or may include multiple materials with different acoustic impedances to meet acoustic impedance requirements. Wherein the acoustic impedance is greater than 2MPa s/m ³ The material can be nylon, polystyrene, phenolic resin, etc., and the acoustic impedance is 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Materials within the range may employ latex, polydimethylsiloxane, rubber, and the like.

In a possible implementation manner, the matching layer may further include a fixing portion and a contact portion, the fixing portion is used for being fixed to the pushing member, the contact portion is used for contacting a user, the plurality of first teeth and the plurality of second teeth are located between the fixing portion and the contact portion, bottom edges of the plurality of first teeth are fixedly connected to the fixing portion, acoustic impedance of the fixing portion is the same as acoustic impedance of the first teeth, bottom edges of the plurality of second teeth are fixedly connected to the contact portion, and acoustic impedance of the contact portion is the same as acoustic impedance of the second teeth.

In a fourth aspect, the present application also provides an electronic device comprising the speaker of any one of the above. Because the pushing piece of the loudspeaker adopts a flexible high polymer material with high biocompatibility, the wearing comfort of the loudspeaker and the electronic equipment is better.

In one possible implementation, the electronic device is a mobile phone, and the speaker is mounted on the top of the mobile phone and exposed relative to the mobile phone.

In one possible implementation, the electronic device is a headset. The earphone includes the ear muff, and the speaker is installed in the ear muff, and exposes in the relative ear muff.

In one possible implementation, the electronic device is a headset. The headset includes an ear plug, and the speaker is mounted to the ear plug and exposed opposite the ear plug.

In one possible implementation, the electronic device is a headset. The earphone comprises a hanging part and a sound emitting part connected to one end of the hanging part, the hanging part is used for being hung on the auricle of a user, and the loudspeaker is installed on the sound emitting part and is exposed relative to the sound emitting part.

In one possible implementation, the electronic device is a stylus pen, and the speaker is mounted on a top portion of the stylus pen and exposed relative to the stylus pen.

In one possible implementation, the electronic device is a smartphone case, and the speaker is mounted at a top of the smartphone case and exposed relative to the smartphone case.

In one possible implementation, the electronic device is a pair of smart glasses, each of the smart glasses comprises a glass frame and a glass leg connected with the glass frame, and the speakers are mounted on the glass legs and are exposed out of the corresponding glass legs.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an audio playing process of an electronic device provided in the present application;

FIG. 2A is a schematic flow chart of a voltage control algorithm for an audio signal provided herein;

FIG. 2B is a schematic flow chart of an audio signal current control algorithm provided herein;

fig. 3A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in some embodiments;

FIG. 3B is a schematic view of the speaker of FIG. 3A at another angle;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the piezoelectric film of the loudspeaker of FIG. 3A in one state of use;

FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric film of the loudspeaker of FIG. 3A in some embodiments;

FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram of a piezoelectric film of the loudspeaker of FIG. 3A in alternate embodiments;

FIG. 5C is a schematic diagram of the piezoelectric film of the loudspeaker of FIG. 3A in alternate embodiments;

FIG. 5D is a schematic diagram of the piezoelectric film of the loudspeaker of FIG. 3A in alternate embodiments;

FIG. 5E is a schematic diagram of the piezoelectric film of the loudspeaker of FIG. 3A in alternate embodiments;

fig. 6A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

FIG. 6B is a schematic view of the speaker of FIG. 6A at another angle;

FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram of the matching layer and piezoelectric film of FIG. 6A in some embodiments;

FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram of the matching layer and piezoelectric film of FIG. 6A in further embodiments;

FIG. 7C is a schematic illustration of the matching layer and piezoelectric film of FIG. 6A in other embodiments;

FIG. 7D is a schematic diagram of the matching layer and piezoelectric film of FIG. 6A in further embodiments;

FIG. 7E is a schematic diagram of the matching layer and piezoelectric film of FIG. 6A in further embodiments;

fig. 8A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

FIG. 8B is a schematic view of the speaker of FIG. 8A at another angle;

fig. 9A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

FIG. 9B is a schematic view of the speaker of FIG. 9A at another angle;

fig. 10A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

FIG. 10B is a schematic view of the speaker of FIG. 10A at another angle;

fig. 11A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

FIG. 11B is a schematic view of the speaker of FIG. 11A at another angle;

fig. 12A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

FIG. 12B is a schematic view of the speaker of FIG. 12A at another angle;

fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

fig. 16A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

fig. 16B is a schematic view of the internal structure of the speaker shown in fig. 16A;

fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

fig. 18A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

fig. 18B is a schematic view of the internal structure of the speaker shown in fig. 18A;

fig. 19A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

fig. 19B is a schematic view of the speaker of fig. 19A in a state of use;

fig. 19C is a schematic view of the speaker of fig. 19A in another use state;

fig. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

fig. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

fig. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

fig. 24A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

fig. 24B is a schematic view of the internal structure of the speaker shown in fig. 24A;

fig. 25A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

FIG. 25B is a schematic view of the speaker of FIG. 25A at another angle;

fig. 25C is a schematic view of the internal structure of the speaker shown in fig. 25A;

fig. 26 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

fig. 27A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

fig. 27B is a schematic view of the internal structure of the speaker shown in fig. 27A;

fig. 28A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment;

fig. 28B is a schematic view of the internal structure of the speaker shown in fig. 28A;

fig. 29A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment;

fig. 29B is a schematic view of the internal structure of the speaker shown in fig. 29A;

fig. 30A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

fig. 30B is a schematic view of the internal structure of the speaker shown in fig. 30A;

fig. 31A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker provided in an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments;

fig. 31B is a schematic view of the internal structure of the speaker shown in fig. 31A;

FIG. 32 is a schematic block diagram of the electronic device of FIG. 1 in some embodiments;

FIG. 33A is a schematic diagram of the structure of the handset of FIG. 32 in some implementations;

FIG. 33B is a schematic view of the internal structure of the handset shown in FIG. 33A;

FIG. 34 is a schematic diagram of the handset of FIG. 32 in another implementation;

FIG. 35A is a schematic diagram of an electronic device shown in FIG. 1 in an alternate embodiment;

FIG. 35B is a schematic diagram of the electronic device of FIG. 1 in further embodiments;

FIG. 36 is a schematic diagram of the electronic device of FIG. 1 in further embodiments;

fig. 37A is a schematic view of the internal structure of the earmuff of the headset of fig. 36 in some embodiments;

FIG. 37B is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 37A at another angle;

FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram of the electronic device of FIG. 1 in further embodiments;

FIG. 39A is a schematic view of a use environment for the speaker of the headset of FIG. 38 in some possible implementations;

FIG. 39B is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 39A at another angle;

FIG. 40A is a schematic diagram of an environment in which the speaker of the headset of FIG. 38 may be used in other possible implementations;

FIG. 40B is a schematic view of the structure shown in FIG. 40A at another angle;

FIG. 41 is a schematic view of a use environment of the speaker of the headset of FIG. 38 in other possible implementations;

FIG. 42A is a schematic diagram of the electronic device of FIG. 1 in further embodiments;

FIG. 42B is a schematic diagram of the electronic device of FIG. 1 in further embodiments;

FIG. 43A is a schematic diagram of an electronic device shown in FIG. 1 in an alternate embodiment;

FIG. 43B is a schematic diagram of an electronic device shown in FIG. 1 in an alternate embodiment;

FIG. 44 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device shown in FIG. 1 in an alternate embodiment;

FIG. 45A is a schematic diagram of a speaker of the smart eyewear of FIG. 44 in some implementations;

fig. 45B is a schematic view of the internal structure of the speaker shown in fig. 45A;

FIG. 46 is a schematic diagram of the speaker of the smart eyewear of FIG. 44 in another implementation;

FIG. 47 is a schematic diagram of the electronic device shown in FIG. 1 in further embodiments.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly and are intended to mean, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, for example, that "connected" may or may not be detachably connected; the connection can be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as implying or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, whereby a feature defined as "first", "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features; the term "plurality" means two or more than two.

The directional terms used in the embodiments of the present application, such as "inner", "outer", "side", "top", "bottom", and the like, are used solely in the orientation with reference to the drawings, and thus are used for better and clearer illustration and understanding of the embodiments of the present application, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore are not to be considered as limiting the embodiments of the present application.

The embodiment of the application provides a loudspeaker and electronic equipment applying the loudspeaker. The speaker can adopt the sense of hearing conduction mode of bone conduction (bone conduction) or cartilage conduction (cartilage conduction) to utilize contact transaudient technique, make the less loss of sound wave energy in the air, thereby reduce the sound leakage, promote the privacy of conversation and listening, also can promote the low frequency sense of hearing simultaneously. In addition, the auditory conduction mode of cartilage conduction can provide stereo auditory effect, and meanwhile, good auditory sensitivity can be generated under low compression force, so that the communication effect and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be improved; meanwhile, the pushing piece for cartilage conduction has low air radiation efficiency due to the characteristics of small radiation surface and small displacement, and the problem of sound leakage can be effectively improved.

In the embodiment of the present application, the pushing member of the speaker is used to contact the user and push the bone or cartilage of the user to vibrate, so that the sound wave (vibration signal) converted from the electric signal is directly transmitted to the auditory nerve of the user through the bone or cartilage. The pushing member may also be referred to as a pushing unit or a vibrator. The pushing piece can be made of flexible high polymer materials with high biocompatibility, so that the wearing comfort of the loudspeaker is improved, and the use experience of a user is improved.

In some embodiments, the speaker may use a piezoelectric polymer as a driving member, and the piezoelectric polymer is extended and contracted under the control of an electric field by applying an external electric field to the piezoelectric polymer, so as to drive the bone or cartilage of the user to vibrate and generate an auditory sensation. In other embodiments, the speaker may also use a dielectric polymer as a pushing member, and electrodes are disposed on two sides of the dielectric polymer, so that coulomb force generated when the electrodes are energized is utilized to stretch or compress the dielectric polymer, so that the dielectric polymer is deformed, thereby pushing bone or cartilage of a user to vibrate and generate an auditory sensation. In other embodiments, the speaker may also use a common high polymer as a driving member, and an additional driving member stretches or compresses the dielectric high polymer to deform the common high polymer, so as to drive the bone or cartilage of the user to vibrate and generate an auditory sensation.

The electronic device may be a portable device or a wearable device including an audio device, such as a mobile phone, a mobile phone accessory (e.g., a smart phone shell), an earphone, a watch, smart glasses, a smart helmet, a stylus pen, and the like.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an audio playing process of an electronic device according to the present application. In some embodiments, an electronic device includes circuitry and a speaker. Illustratively, the circuitry may include a codec (codec) and a Power Amplifier (PA). After the audio signal is coded and decoded by the coder and the decoder, the audio signal enters the power amplifier for voltage amplification, so that the driving voltage threshold of the loudspeaker is reached. The power amplifier can be single-stage amplification or multi-stage amplification. The power amplifier is provided with a direct current power supply input port and an alternating current signal input port, the alternating current signal input port is provided with signals by a codec, and for the direct current power supply port, a direct current voltage amplification system (boost) is required to amplify the voltage of a power supply end. The direct-current voltage amplifying system can be a single-stage voltage amplifying system or a multi-stage voltage amplifying system.

The circuit system can be formed on the driving chip. The driving chip can be an integral chip or comprise two parts. For example, the codec of the circuit system may be integrated as a circuit module in another chip of the electronic device, or may be a separate chip, and the power amplifier of the circuit system is formed in another chip. The present application is not intended to be limited to the exact implementation of the circuitry.

The loudspeaker can be used as a driving system of an audio device of the electronic equipment. The speaker may include a push member for contacting a user. Illustratively, the pusher may be a polymeric material having a Young's modulus of less than or equal to 1GPa (gigapascal), such as Polyurethane (PU), thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU), rubber, silicone, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyetherimide (PEI), and the like. The structural form of the polymer material may be a conventional soft polymer structure, a superelastic polymer structure designed by using a special structure, or a stacked structure of multiple layers of polymers, which is not limited in this application. For example, the conventional soft polymer structure may be a rubber-like polymer, and the ultimate tensile properties thereof generally exceed 100% or more. The super-elastic high polymer structure can adopt artificial materials such as a slip ring structure, a pull rod structure and the like, and the ultimate tensile property of the super-elastic high polymer structure can generally reach 1000%.

In some embodiments, the pushing member may be made of a piezoelectric polymer material, and the pushing member deforms under the driving of the driving voltage. In other embodiments, the speaker may further include a driving member (not shown) for driving the driving member to vibrate. For example, the pushing member can be made of dielectric polymer material or common polymer material, and the driving member can be pressed by the driving member under the driving voltage to deform the pushing member. Or the pushing piece can be made of an electromagnetic high polymer material, and the driving piece is used for generating a magnetic field under the driving of the driving voltage so that the pushing piece deforms in the magnetic field. It can be understood that when the pushing member is repeatedly deformed, vibration can be generated, so that the skin of the user contacted by the pushing member and the bone or cartilage below the skin of the user are pushed to vibrate, sound waves are transmitted to the auditory nerve, and the user feels an auditory sensation. The specific structure of the pusher (and the driver) will be described as an example hereinafter.

In some embodiments, the pusher of the speaker may directly contact the user. The pusher has a contact surface for contacting a user. In this embodiment, the contact between the contact surface of the pusher and the user is direct contact. Because the pushing piece is made of a flexible high polymer material with high biocompatibility, the electronic equipment has better wearing comfort. In addition, the human body acoustic impedance is about 1.5MPa s/m ³ The acoustic impedance of metal or ceramic materials of conventional bone conduction speaker is generally 5 times or more that of human body, for example, the acoustic impedance of metal materials is generally more than 30MPa ³ The acoustic impedance of the high polymer material is generally about 0.8 to 3 times that of a human body, so that the acoustic impedance of the high polymer material is closer to that of the human body compared with metal or ceramic materials of a traditional bone conduction loudspeaker, the acoustic impedance difference between the pushing piece and the human body is small, sound waves generated by the vibration of the pushing piece can smoothly enter the human body, the sound wave transmission effect is enhanced, and the transmission efficiency is improved. Wherein the acoustic resistanceReactance is the product of density and speed of sound.

In other embodiments, the speaker may further include a matching layer (also referred to as a coupling layer). The matching layer is fixed on the contact surface of the pushing piece. At this time, the contact between the contact surface of the pushing member and the user is indirect contact. After the loudspeaker controls the pushing piece to generate vibration effect, sound wave enters the matching layer and then enters the human body through the bone or cartilage of the user. The matching layer is used for transferring the acoustic impedance of the pushing piece and the acoustic impedance of a human body, for example, the acoustic impedance of the matching layer can be gradually changed from a value which is the same as or close to the acoustic impedance of the pushing piece to a value which is the same as or close to the acoustic impedance of the human body, so that sound waves can smoothly enter the matching layer from the pushing piece and enter the human body from the matching layer, the transmission effect of the sound waves is further enhanced, and the bone conduction efficiency or the cartilage conduction efficiency of the loudspeaker is improved. The specific structure of the matching layer will be described as an example.

It is understood that the pushing member may be displaced and controlled by various means such as curling or bending, and the pushing force or pushing displacement may be amplified by using a mechanical device, which may include, but is not limited to, a lever, a cantilever, an overhanging beam, and the like. The structural design of the pusher, the structure of the mechanical device, and the like will be described as examples hereinafter.

In some embodiments, the power amplifier can perform voltage control and current control on the audio signal to realize displacement control and power consumption control on the pushing piece, so as to enhance the characteristics of the high polymer oscillator. It is understood that, in the present embodiment, the power amplifier may select a high voltage power amplifier to provide a stronger driving capability. Meanwhile, the power of the power amplifier does not need to be too large due to the low dielectric constant of the high polymer. Based on this, the power amplifier can also select an intelligent power amplifier (smart power amplifier) to better control the deformation of the high polymer by means of the feedback of current and voltage, so as to realize the active regulation and control of the loudspeaker.

Referring to fig. 2A, fig. 2A is a schematic flowchart of a voltage control algorithm for an audio signal according to the present disclosure. The power amplifier can control the voltage of the audio signal through a voltage control algorithm, so that the displacement of the loudspeaker is controlled within a reasonable range, and the low frequency can be improved while the nonlinearity is controlled to a certain extent. Specifically, firstly, time domain framing is carried out on an audio input signal to form a first signal; then, the gain control system controls the amplitude of the first signal according to the static parameter and the dynamic parameter to form a second signal; and finally, processing the second signal by the interframe smooth combination according to the interframe smooth parameters to form an audio output signal.

The static parameters received by the gain control system are wave packets, and the dynamic parameters are obtained by the audio input signals through a recursive filter. The envelope (envelope) is a parameter that approximately outlines a tone waveform to show the characteristics of the tone in terms of volume change. A envelope can be described by 4 parameters, namely attack (attack), decay (decay), delay (sustain) and release (release), which are commonly referred to as "ADSR". Recursive filters are also known as Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters. For example, the audio input signal enters a displacement model for analytic solution prediction to obtain a predicted displacement, and then the predicted displacement is compared with a displacement threshold, and the comparison result is a dynamic parameter. The displacement model is adapted to the loudspeaker. When the predicted displacement is larger than the displacement threshold, the gain control system controls the amplitude of the first signal to slowly decrease, namely, the gain of the system is slowly decreased, so that the displacement enters a reasonable area. When the predicted displacement is smaller than the displacement threshold, the gain control system controls the amplitude of the first signal to slowly rise, namely, the gain of the system slowly rises, so that the capacity of the loudspeaker is reasonably released.

Referring to fig. 2B, fig. 2B is a schematic flow chart of a current control algorithm for an audio signal according to the present application. The power amplifier can control the current of the audio signal through a current control algorithm, so that the power consumption of the audio signal is controlled, the power amplifier can drive the loudspeaker under the condition of providing the maximum current, and meanwhile, the Over Current Protection (OCP) problem is not generated, so that the vibration characteristic of the pushing piece adopting the high polymer is fully exerted. Specifically, time domain framing is performed on the audio input signal to form a third signal; then, the gain control system controls the amplitude of the third signal according to the static parameter and the dynamic parameter to form a fourth signal; and finally, processing the fourth signal by the interframe smooth combination according to the interframe smooth parameters to form an audio output signal.

The static parameters received by the gain control system are wave packets, and the dynamic parameters are obtained by the audio input signals through a recursive filter. For example, the audio input signal enters the impedance model to perform analytic solution prediction to obtain a predicted current and predicted power consumption, and then the predicted power consumption is compared with a battery power consumption threshold, and the comparison result is a dynamic parameter. The impedance model is adapted to the loudspeaker. When the predicted power is larger than the power threshold, the gain control system controls the amplitude of the third signal to slowly decrease, namely, the gain of the system is slowly decreased, so that the output power enters a reasonable area, and the current is ensured not to exceed the standard. When the predicted power is smaller than the power threshold, the gain control system controls the amplitude of the third signal to slowly rise, namely, the gain of the system slowly rises, so that the capability of the loudspeaker is reasonably released.

The control system of the power amplifier operates by combining a voltage control algorithm and a current control algorithm, and the essence of the control system is to control the voltage output of the audio output signal, ensure that the current of the audio output signal does not exceed the standard under the condition of ensuring that the voltage of the audio output signal does not exceed the standard, and carry out gain control by taking the lower limit of all the capabilities of the power amplifier.

In some embodiments, the electronic device may further adjust, via circuitry, an overall Equalizer (EQ) and Dynamic Range Compression (DRC) of the sound according to the user's subjective and objective listening experience, thereby maintaining a better listening experience.

Hereinafter, a speaker using a piezoelectric polymer will be exemplified.

Referring to fig. 3A and fig. 3B in combination, fig. 3A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application in some embodiments, and fig. 3B is a schematic structural diagram of the speaker 1 shown in fig. 3A at another angle.

In some embodiments, the loudspeaker 1 may be a piezoelectric loudspeaker. For example, the speaker 1 includes a piezoelectric film 11 and a base 12. The piezoelectric membrane 11 acts as a push member for the loudspeaker 1. The piezoelectric film 11 is fixed to the base 12. The base 12 is a rigid support, and may be made of metal, acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) plastic, and the like, which is not limited in this embodiment. The piezoelectric film 11 is deformed under alternating current control. The piezoelectric film 11 is made of a piezoelectric polymer material having a young's modulus of 1GPa or less. Illustratively, the base 12 may be a square, annular frame. The piezoelectric film 11 includes a middle portion 11a and a peripheral edge 11b disposed around the middle portion 11a, the peripheral edge 11b of the piezoelectric film 11 is fixed to the base 12, and the piezoelectric film 11 may be a square film.

Since the piezoelectric film 11 is made of a piezoelectric polymer material having piezoelectricity, when alternating current is applied to both sides of the piezoelectric film 11, the piezoelectric film 11 is deformed to expand and contract under the control of the alternating current. In the present embodiment, the central portion 11a of the piezoelectric film 11 vibrates up and down by fixing the peripheral edge 11b of the piezoelectric film 11 so that the extension and contraction deformation of the piezoelectric film 11 is converted into the bending deformation. That is, when the piezoelectric film 11 is energized, the piezoelectric film 11 is deformed, and the center portion 11a of the piezoelectric film 11 can vibrate with respect to the peripheral edge 11b of the piezoelectric film 11. As shown in fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the piezoelectric film 11 of the loudspeaker 1 shown in fig. 3A in a use state, and the piezoelectric film 11 is under current control, and the middle part 11a of the piezoelectric film 11 swells, so that the piezoelectric film 11 deforms.

In the present embodiment, the piezoelectric film 11 of the speaker 1 is made of a flexible, high-biocompatibility piezoelectric polymer material, and therefore has a better wearing comfort. In addition, the acoustic impedance of the common high polymer material is closer to the acoustic impedance of a human body than that of a metal or ceramic material of the traditional bone conduction speaker, so that sound waves generated by the vibration of the speaker 1 can smoothly enter the human body, and the sound wave transmission effect is enhanced.

In the present application, the piezoelectric film 11 may have a single-layer structure or a multilayer structure, and the piezoelectric film 11 may have a single-crystal vibration structure or a double-crystal vibration structure, as will be described below by way of example.

Referring to fig. 5A, fig. 5A is a schematic structural diagram of the piezoelectric film 11 of the speaker 1 shown in fig. 3A in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the piezoelectric film 11 may have a single-layer structure, and may have a single-crystal structure, and the polarization direction of the piezoelectric film 11 may be the same as the electric field direction thereof, or the polarization direction of the piezoelectric film 11 may be opposite to the electric field direction thereof. The electric field direction of the piezoelectric film 11 is a direction in which the positive electrode layer thereof faces the negative electrode layer.

The piezoelectric film 11 includes a piezoelectric film layer 111. The piezoelectric film layer 111 includes a piezoelectric material layer 1111, a positive electrode layer 1112, and a negative electrode layer 1113. The piezoelectric material layer 1111 includes a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, the positive electrode layer 1112 is fixed to the first surface, and the negative electrode layer 1113 is fixed to the second surface. The piezoelectric material layer 1111 is made of a piezoelectric polymer material having a young's modulus of 1GPa or less. The piezoelectric polymer material can be selected from piezoelectric polymers with good stability, and the piezoelectric polymer material is stretched in a molten polymer state to form a polymer with polarization characteristics. The piezoelectric polymer material may be, but is not limited to, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) material, a derivative of PVDF, a copolymer of PVDF and fluoroethylene, or a copolymer of PVDF and propylene. In this embodiment, the piezoelectric material layer 1111 can have a permanent molecular dipole moment while reaching a certain concentration value, and has a strong strain capability.

Among them, the positive electrode layer 1112 and the negative electrode layer 1113 may be directly grown on both surfaces of the piezoelectric material layer 1111, and the positive electrode layer 1112 and the negative electrode layer 1113 are small in thickness, small in rigidity, and good in ductility, and can secure sufficient ductility during vibration of the piezoelectric film 11. The shapes of the positive electrode layer 1112 and the negative electrode layer 1113 are designed in accordance with the piezoelectric material layer 1111.

Illustratively, the positive electrode layer 1112 and the negative electrode layer 1113 can be formed by chemical vapor deposition, chemical liquid deposition, electron beam evaporation, thermal evaporation, magnetron sputtering, electroplating, and the like. The thickness of the positive electrode layer 1112 and the negative electrode layer 1113 may be in the range of 50nm to 200 nm. In some embodiments, a metal material, such as copper, may be used for positive electrode layer 1112 and negative electrode layer 1113. In other embodiments, the positive electrode layer 1112 and the negative electrode layer 1113 may also be made of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) material to have light transmittance, so that the piezoelectric film 11 may be applied in some environments where a transparent structure is required, for example, the piezoelectric film 11 may be applied in a mobile phone, the piezoelectric film 11 may be attached above a display screen, and the like. In other embodiments, positive electrode layer 1112 and negative electrode layer 1113 may also be polymer doped conductive electrodes.

The piezoelectric film 111 may further include a first insulating layer (not shown) and a second insulating layer (not shown). The first insulating layer is fixed on a side of the positive electrode layer 1112 far from the piezoelectric material layer 1111, and is used for protecting the positive electrode layer 1112. A second insulating layer is fixed to the side of the negative electrode layer 1113 away from the piezoelectric material layer 1111, for protecting the negative electrode layer 1113. One of the first and second insulating layers is proximate to the base 12 for fixedly attaching the base 12 and the other is distal to the base 12 for contacting a user.

Referring to fig. 5B, fig. 5B is a schematic structural diagram of the piezoelectric film 11 of the speaker 1 shown in fig. 3A in other embodiments. The piezoelectric film 11 of the present embodiment may include most of the technical features of the piezoelectric film 11 of the previous embodiments, and the differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not repeated.

In other embodiments, the piezoelectric film 11 has a multilayer structure and a single crystal structure. In this embodiment, piezoelectric film 11 adopts multilayer structure, can effectively reduce the requirement to drive voltage, and then increases electric field strength, promotes the driving force size, increases the drive power effect.

For example, the piezoelectric film 11 includes a plurality of piezoelectric film layers 111 stacked, the embodiment is described by taking two layers as an example, and in some other embodiments, the piezoelectric film 11 may also include more than three piezoelectric film layers 111. The multi-layer piezoelectric film layers 111 may be fixed to each other by bonding, gluing, or riveting. Each piezoelectric film 111 includes a positive electrode layer, a piezoelectric material layer, and a negative electrode layer stacked together. In fig. 5B, "+", "-" indicate the polarity of the power source, and the arrows indicate the polarization directions. The polarization direction of each of the piezoelectric film layers 111 of the piezoelectric film 11 may be the same as the electric field direction.

In this embodiment, the polarities of the sides of the two adjacent piezoelectric film layers 111 close to each other may be the same or different. When the polarities of the adjacent two piezoelectric film layers 111 close to each other are the same, the two piezoelectric film layers 111 may have respective electrode layers and an insulating layer is disposed between the two electrode layers, or the two piezoelectric film layers 111 may also share one electrode layer. For example, in fig. 5B, two piezoelectric film layers 111 may have respective negative electrode layers, and an insulating layer is provided in the two negative electrode layers; alternatively, the two piezoelectric film layers 111 may share a negative electrode layer.

Referring to fig. 5C, fig. 5C is a schematic structural diagram of the piezoelectric film 11 of the speaker 1 shown in fig. 3A in other embodiments. The piezoelectric film 11 of the present embodiment may include most of the technical features of the piezoelectric film 11 of the previous embodiments, and the differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not repeated.

In other embodiments, the piezoelectric film 11 has a multilayer structure and a single crystal structure. In fig. 5C, "+", "-" indicate the polarity of the power source, and the arrows indicate the polarization directions. The polarization direction of each piezoelectric film layer 111 of the piezoelectric film 11 may be opposite to the electric field direction.

Referring to fig. 5D, fig. 5D is a schematic structural diagram of the piezoelectric film 11 of the speaker 1 shown in fig. 3A in other embodiments. The piezoelectric film 11 of the present embodiment may include most of the technical features of the piezoelectric film 11 of the previous embodiments, and the differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not repeated.

In other embodiments, the piezoelectric film 11 has a double-layer structure and a bimorph structure. The piezoelectric film 11 includes a first piezoelectric film layer 111a and a second piezoelectric film layer 111b that are stacked. The first piezoelectric film 111a and the second piezoelectric film 111b both include a positive electrode layer, a piezoelectric material layer, and a negative electrode layer stacked, and the specific design of the first piezoelectric film 111a and the second piezoelectric film 111b refers to the piezoelectric film 111, which is not described herein again. The polarization direction of the first piezoelectric film layer 111a is the same as the electric field direction, and the polarization direction of the second piezoelectric film layer 111b is opposite to the electric field direction.

In the present embodiment, the piezoelectric film 11 has a bimorph structure, and under the control of the driving voltage, one of the first piezoelectric film layer 111a and the second piezoelectric film layer 111b changes in a contracted state and the other changes in an extended state, so that the piezoelectric film 11 is bent.

Referring to fig. 5E, fig. 5E is a schematic structural diagram of the piezoelectric film 11 of the speaker 1 shown in fig. 3A in other embodiments. The piezoelectric film 11 of the present embodiment may include most of the technical features of the piezoelectric film 11 of the previous embodiments, and the differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not repeated.

In other embodiments, the piezoelectric film 11 has a structure with three or more layers and a bimorph structure. The piezoelectric film 11 includes at least one first piezoelectric film layer 111a and at least one second piezoelectric film layer 111b stacked, and each of the first piezoelectric film layer 111a and the second piezoelectric film layer 111b includes a positive electrode layer, a piezoelectric material layer, and a negative electrode layer stacked. The polarization direction of the first piezoelectric film layer 111a is the same as the electric field direction, and the polarization direction of the second piezoelectric film layer 111b is opposite to the electric field direction. The piezoelectric film 11 may be divided into an upper region where all the first piezoelectric film layers 111a are located and a lower region where all the second piezoelectric film layers 111b are located.

In the present embodiment, under the control of the driving voltage, one of the first piezoelectric film layer 111a in the upper region and the second piezoelectric film layer 111b in the lower region of the piezoelectric film 11 undergoes a contraction form change and the other undergoes an elongation form change, so that the piezoelectric film 11 is bent. In addition, the piezoelectric film 11 adopts a multilayer piezoelectric film stacking technology, and the requirement on driving voltage can be effectively reduced, so that the driving force is improved.

Referring to fig. 6A and 6B, fig. 6A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 1 according to an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment, and fig. 6B is a schematic structural diagram of the speaker 1 shown in fig. 6A at another angle. The speaker 1 of the present embodiment may include most technical features of the speaker 1 of the previous embodiment, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the speaker 1 includes a base 12, a piezoelectric film 11, and a matching layer 13, the piezoelectric film 11 is fixed to the base 12, and the matching layer 13 is fixed to the contact surface 112 of the piezoelectric film 11. The contact surface 112 is used for contacting a user, and in this embodiment, the contact surface 112 is indirectly contacted with the user. The design of the piezoelectric film 11 and the base 12 can be seen from the above embodiments. In this embodiment, the speaker 1 contacts the user through the matching layer 13. The matching layer 13 is used to transition the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric film 11 and the acoustic impedance of the human body to increase the transmission characteristic of the acoustic wave. Illustratively, the matching layer 13 is an acoustic impedance grading structure. The acoustic impedance of the matching layer 13 gradually approaches 1.5mpa s/m in the direction away from the piezoelectric film 11 ³ . The acoustic impedance of the matching layer 13 gradually approaches that of the piezoelectric film 11 in a direction approaching the piezoelectric film 11. The acoustic impedance of the matching layer 13 close to the surface layer of the piezoelectric film 11 is the same as or similar to that of the piezoelectric film 11.

Illustratively, the matching layer 13 may be fixed to the contact surface 112 of the piezoelectric film 11 by means of adhesion. In some embodiments, the loudspeaker 1 may further comprise an insulating layer (not shown) secured to the matching layer 13 on a side thereof remote from the piezoelectric film 11. The piezoelectric film 11, the matching layer 13, and other film layers fixed to the piezoelectric film 11 or the matching layer 13 may together form an integrated film layer structure, and the film layer structure may deform. In the manufacturing process of the speaker 1, the film layer structure including the piezoelectric film 11 may be first prepared, and then the film layer structure may be flattened or bent into a shape fitting the base 12 and fixed to the base 12 to complete the preparation of the speaker 1. In some embodiments, the film structure may be bonded to the base 12 by an adhesive, which may be, but is not limited to, epoxy, hot melt adhesive, uv curable adhesive, quick drying adhesive, and the like. In other embodiments, the film-layer structure may be secured to the chassis 12 by fasteners. For example, the film structure and base 12 are separately perforated and then riveted by rivets, or bolted, etc.

In the embodiment of the present application, the matching layer 13 may have various implementation structures, which are illustrated below.

Referring to fig. 7A, fig. 7A is a schematic structural diagram of the matching layer 13 and the piezoelectric film 11 shown in fig. 6A in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the matching layer 13 includes a first material and a second material, and black represents the first material and white represents the second material in fig. 7A. The acoustic impedance of the first material is close to that of the piezoelectric film 11 and the acoustic impedance of the second material is close to that of the human body. Wherein the first material has an acoustic impedance of greater than 2MPa s/m ³ The acoustic impedance of the second material is 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Within the range. For example, the first material may be nylon, polystyrene, phenolic resin, or the like, and the second material may be latex, polydimethylsiloxane, rubber, or the like. In the direction away from the piezoelectric film 11, the mixing ratio of the first material decreases and the mixing ratio of the second material increases.

In the present embodiment, by setting the mixing ratio of the first material and the second material, the matching layer 13 forms a structure in which the acoustic impedance is gradually changed, and the acoustic impedance of the matching layer 13 gradually approaches the acoustic impedance of the human body in a direction away from the piezoelectric film 11.

The surface layer of the matching layer 13 close to the piezoelectric film 11 may include the first material and not include the second material, or may include both the first material and the second material; the surface layer of the matching layer 13 remote from the piezoelectric film 11 may include the second material and not the first material, or may include both the first material and the second material. The specific mixing ratio of the first material and the second material in the matching layer 13 is not strictly limited in the present application.

Illustratively, the matching layer 13 may be prepared by chemical deposition. For example, the first material with a relatively high density may be deposited, the proportion of the second material with a relatively low density may be increased gradually during the deposition, and finally, the matching layer 13 in the form of a film with gradually changing acoustic impedance may be formed after the deposition.

It will be appreciated that the matching layer 13 may also comprise other materials, and that the matching layer 13 will still meet its acoustic impedance requirements when mixed with the first and second materials.

Referring to fig. 7B, fig. 7B is a schematic structural diagram of the matching layer 13 and the piezoelectric film 11 shown in fig. 6A in other embodiments. In other embodiments, the matching layer 13 includes at least two matching film layers having different acoustic impedances, and a plurality of matching film layers are stacked. In the direction close to the piezoelectric film 11, the acoustic impedances of the plurality of matching film layers gradually approach the acoustic impedance of the piezoelectric film 11; in the direction away from the piezoelectric film 11, the acoustic impedance of the plurality of matching film layers gradually approaches the acoustic impedance of the human body. At this time, the matching layer 13 exhibits a characteristic of gradual change in acoustic impedance as a whole, and the acoustic impedance gradually approaches the acoustic impedance of the human body in a direction away from the piezoelectric film 11.

Illustratively, the matching layer 13 includes a first matching film layer 131 and a second matching film layer 132, the first matching film layer 131 and the second matching film layer 132 are stacked and fixed to each other, the first matching film layer 131 is located between the piezoelectric film 11 and the second matching film layer 132, and the acoustic impedance of the first matching film layer 131 is greater than 2mpa × s/m ³ The acoustic impedance of the second matching film layer 132 is 1.2MPa × s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Within the range.

The first matching film layer 131 and the second matching film layer 132 may include a single material, or may include a plurality of materials with different acoustic impedances to meet acoustic impedance requirements, which is not strictly limited in this application. Wherein the acoustic impedance is greater than 2MPa s/m ³ The material can be nylon, polystyrene, phenolic resin, etc., and the acoustic impedance is 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Materials within the range may employ latex, polydimethylsiloxane, rubber, and the like.

In some embodiments, the matching layer 13 may further include other matching film layers, acoustic impedances of the matching film layers may be different from that of the first matching film layer 131 and the second matching film layer 132, and the arrangement positions of all the matching film layers are arranged according to the acoustic impedances thereof, so as to meet requirements of the acoustic impedance of the transition piezoelectric film 11 and the acoustic impedance of the human body.

Referring to fig. 7C, fig. 7C is a schematic structural diagram of the matching layer 13 and the piezoelectric film 11 shown in fig. 6A in other embodiments. In other embodiments, the matching layer 13 includes a plurality of first teeth 133 and a plurality of second teeth 134, and the plurality of first teeth 133 and the plurality of second teeth 134 are staggered and connected to each other. The first teeth 133 and the second teeth 134 may be arranged in a plurality of staggered manners, such as one-to-one staggered manner, one-to-two staggered manner, two-to-one staggered manner, two-to-two staggered manner, and the like, which is not limited in this application.

Illustratively, the first tooth 133 has a triangular shape, the second tooth 134 has a triangular shape, a base 1331 of the first tooth 133 is disposed opposite to a base 1341 of the second tooth 134, the base 1331 of the first tooth 133 is located between the piezoelectric film 11 and the base 1341 of the second tooth 134, and an acoustic impedance of the first tooth 133 is greater than 2mpa s/m ³ The acoustic impedance of the second tooth 134 is 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Within the range. At this time, the matching layer 13 exhibits a characteristic of gradual change in acoustic impedance as a whole, and the acoustic impedance gradually approaches the acoustic impedance of the human body in a direction away from the piezoelectric film 11.

The first tooth portion 133 and the second tooth portion 134 may include a single material, or may include a plurality of materials with different acoustic impedances to meet acoustic impedance requirements, which is not strictly limited in the present application. Wherein the acoustic impedance is greater than 2MPa s/m ³ The material can be nylon, polystyrene, phenolic resin, etc., and the acoustic impedance is 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Materials within the range may be latex, polydimethylsiloxane, rubber, and the like.

Referring to fig. 7D, fig. 7D is a schematic structural diagram of the matching layer 13 and the piezoelectric film 11 shown in fig. 6A in other embodiments. Most of the features of the piezoelectric film 11 shown in fig. 7D are the same as those of the piezoelectric film 11 shown in fig. 7C, and the two characteristics differ mainly in that: the first tooth portion 133 has a trapezoidal shape, an upper bottom of which is a top side of the first tooth portion 133, and a lower bottom of which is a bottom side 1331 of the first tooth portion 133; the second tooth 134 is trapezoidal, the upper bottom of the trapezoid is the top side of the second tooth 134, and the lower bottom of the trapezoid is the bottom side 1341 of the second tooth 134. The bottom edge 1331 of the first tooth portion 133 is opposite to the bottom edge 1341 of the second tooth portion 134, and the bottom edge 1331 of the first tooth portion 133 is located between the piezoelectric film 11 and the bottom edge 1341 of the second tooth portion 134. The top edge of the first tooth 133 is flush with the bottom edge 1341 of the second tooth 134, and the bottom edge 1331 of the first tooth 133 is flush with the top edge of the second tooth 134. At this time, the matching layer 13 exhibits a characteristic of gradual change in acoustic impedance as a whole, and the acoustic impedance gradually approaches the acoustic impedance of the human body in a direction away from the piezoelectric film 11.

It is understood that in other embodiments, one of the first tooth 133 and the second tooth 134 may be triangular and the other may be trapezoidal. In other embodiments, the first tooth 133 and the second tooth 134 may have other shapes and other matching manners, and the condition that "the area ratio of the first tooth 133 is decreased and the area ratio of the second tooth 134 is increased in the direction away from the piezoelectric film 11 of the matching layer 13 so that the acoustic impedance of the matching layer 13 gradually approaches the acoustic impedance of the human body" may be satisfied, which is not strictly limited in this application.

It is understood that, in other embodiments, the sides of the first tooth portion 133 and the second tooth portion 134 may be linear, stepped, or wavy, and this is not a strict limitation in this application.

Referring to fig. 7E, fig. 7E is a schematic structural diagram of the matching layer 13 and the piezoelectric film 11 shown in fig. 6A in other embodiments. Most of the features of the piezoelectric film 11 shown in fig. 7E are the same as those of the piezoelectric film 11 shown in fig. 7C, and the two characteristics differ mainly in that: the matching layer 13 may further include a fixed portion 135 and a contact portion 136, the fixed portion 135 being fixed to the piezoelectric film 11, the contact portion 136 being for contacting a user, the plurality of first teeth 133 and the plurality of second teeth 134 being located between the fixed portion 135 and the contact portion 136, bottom edges 1331 of the plurality of first teeth 133 being fixed to the fixed portion 135, acoustic impedance of the fixed portion 135 being the same as acoustic impedance of the first teeth 133, bottom edges 1341 of the plurality of second teeth 134 being fixed to the contact portion 136, acoustic impedance of the contact portion 136 being the same as acoustic impedance of the second teeth 134. In other embodiments, the first tooth portion 133 and the second tooth portion 134 can also adopt the structure shown in fig. 7D.

In other embodiments, the matching layer 13 may also be a structure with a constant acoustic impedance. At this time, the acoustic impedance of the matching layer 13 is between that of the piezoelectric film 11 and that of the human body. At this time, the matching layer 13 can transition the impedance difference between the piezoelectric film 11 and the human body, and the transmission efficiency of sound waves transmitted between the piezoelectric film 11 and the matching layer 13 and the human body is higher than that transmitted between the piezoelectric film 11 and the human body, so that the arrangement of the matching layer 13 improves the transmission efficiency of the speaker 1, thereby improving the bone conduction efficiency/cartilage conduction efficiency of the speaker 1.

In the present embodiment, the overall device shape of the speaker 1 may be roughly set to various shapes, the shape of the speaker 1 is mainly determined by the shape of the base 12, and the shape of the piezoelectric film 11 is adapted to the shape of the base 12. The shape of the base 12 may be a planar or cambered annular frame structure, a planar or cambered plate structure, a cylindrical structure, or the like. The annular frame structure may be square (e.g., the speaker 1 shown in fig. 3A and 6A), circular, oval, triangular, etc.

In the embodiment of the present application, the matching structure of the base 12 of the speaker 1 and the piezoelectric film 11 mainly aims at fixing one part of the piezoelectric film 11 and limiting the corresponding degree of freedom, so that when power is supplied, the other part of the piezoelectric film 11 vibrates relative to the fixed part. For example, as shown in fig. 3A, in the speaker 1, the center portion 11a of the piezoelectric film 11 can vibrate with respect to the peripheral edge 11b of the piezoelectric film 11 when power is applied thereto by fixing the peripheral edge 11b of the piezoelectric film 11. Further embodiments of the overall device shape of the speaker 1, and the fitting structure of the base 12 and the piezoelectric film 11 of the speaker 1 will be exemplified below.

Referring to fig. 8A and 8B in combination, fig. 8A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 1 according to an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment, and fig. 8B is a schematic structural diagram of the speaker 1 shown in fig. 8A at another angle. The speaker 1 of the present embodiment may include most technical features of the speaker 1 of the previous embodiment, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the speaker 1 includes a base 12 and a piezoelectric film 11, the base 12 is a planar circular ring frame, a peripheral edge 11b of the piezoelectric film 11 is fixedly connected to the base 12, and the piezoelectric film 11 may be a circular diaphragm. When the piezoelectric film 11 is energized, the piezoelectric film 11 is deformed, and the center portion 11a of the piezoelectric film 11 can vibrate with respect to the peripheral edge 11b of the piezoelectric film 11. At this time, the contact surface 112 of the piezoelectric film 11 is located on the side of the piezoelectric film 11 away from the base 12.

Referring to fig. 9A and 9B in combination, fig. 9A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment, and fig. 9B is a schematic structural diagram of the speaker 1 shown in fig. 9A at another angle. The speaker 1 of the present embodiment may include most of the technical features of the speaker 1 of the previous embodiments, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the speaker 1 includes a base 12 and a piezoelectric film 11, the base 12 is a planar, circular, annular frame, and the piezoelectric film 11 may be a circular, annular diaphragm. The piezoelectric film 11 includes a top surface 14 and a bottom surface 15 opposite to each other, and the bottom surface 15 of the piezoelectric film 11 is fixed to the base 12. When the piezoelectric film 11 is energized, the piezoelectric film 11 is deformed, and the top surface 14 of the piezoelectric film 11 can vibrate with respect to the bottom surface 15 of the piezoelectric film 11. At this time, the contact surface 112 of the piezoelectric film 11 is formed on the top surface 14 of the piezoelectric film 11.

Referring to fig. 10A and 10B in combination, fig. 10A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 1 according to an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment, and fig. 10B is a schematic structural diagram of the speaker 1 shown in fig. 10A at another angle. The speaker 1 of the present embodiment may include most of the technical features of the speaker 1 of the previous embodiments, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the loudspeaker 1 comprises a base 12 and a piezoelectric membrane 11. The base 12 includes a first frame portion 121 and a second frame portion 122 spaced apart from each other, the piezoelectric film 11 may be a square film, one side 11c of the piezoelectric film 11 is fixedly connected to the first frame portion 121, and the other side 11d of the piezoelectric film 11 is fixedly connected to the second frame portion 122. When the piezoelectric film 11 is energized, the piezoelectric film 11 is deformed, and the middle portion 11a of the piezoelectric film 11 can vibrate with respect to both sides (11 c, 11 d) of the piezoelectric film 11. At this time, the contact surface 112 of the piezoelectric film 11 may be located on a side of the piezoelectric film 11 facing away from the base 12.

Referring to fig. 11A and fig. 11B in combination, fig. 11A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 1 according to an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment, and fig. 11B is a schematic structural diagram of the speaker 1 shown in fig. 11A at another angle. The speaker 1 of the present embodiment may include most of the technical features of the speaker 1 of the previous embodiments, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the loudspeaker 1 comprises a base 12 and a piezoelectric membrane 11. The base 12 is a planar plate-shaped structure, the piezoelectric film 11 includes a top surface 14 and a bottom surface 15 disposed opposite to each other, and the bottom surface 15 of the piezoelectric film 11 is fixed to the base 12. When the piezoelectric film 11 is energized, the piezoelectric film 11 is deformed, and the top surface 14 of the piezoelectric film 11 can vibrate with respect to the bottom surface 15 of the piezoelectric film 11. At this time, the contact surface 112 of the piezoelectric film 11 is formed on the top surface 14 of the piezoelectric film 11. The base 12 may have a square plate-like structure, or may have a plate-like structure having another shape such as a circle, an ellipse, or a triangle.

Referring to fig. 12A and 12B in combination, fig. 12A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 1 according to an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment, and fig. 12B is a schematic structural diagram of the speaker 1 shown in fig. 12A at another angle. The speaker 1 of the present embodiment may include most of the technical features of the speaker 1 of the previous embodiments, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the loudspeaker 1 comprises a base 12 and a piezoelectric membrane 11. The base 12 is an annular frame structure with an arc surface, and the periphery 11b of the piezoelectric film 11 is fixed to the base 12. When the piezoelectric film 11 is energized, the piezoelectric film 11 is deformed, and the center portion 11a of the piezoelectric film 11 can vibrate with respect to the peripheral edge 11b of the piezoelectric film 11. At this time, the contact surface 112 of the piezoelectric film 11 may be located on a side of the piezoelectric film 11 facing away from the base 12. The base 12 may be a square annular frame structure, or may be a circular, oval, or triangular annular frame structure.

Referring to fig. 13, fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 1 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The speaker 1 of the present embodiment may include most of the technical features of the speaker 1 of the previous embodiments, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the loudspeaker 1 comprises a base 12 and a piezoelectric membrane 11. The base 12 is a plate-shaped structure with a cambered surface, and the bottom surface 15 of the piezoelectric film 11 is fixed on the base 12. When the piezoelectric film 11 is energized, the piezoelectric film 11 is deformed, and the top surface 14 of the piezoelectric film 11 can vibrate with respect to the bottom surface 15 of the piezoelectric film 11. At this time, the contact surface 112 of the piezoelectric film 11 is formed on the top surface 14 of the piezoelectric film 11. The base 12 may be a bent square plate structure, or may be a bent plate structure having other shapes such as a circular shape, an oval shape, and a triangular shape.

Referring to fig. 14, fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 1 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The speaker 1 of the present embodiment may include most technical features of the speaker 1 of the previous embodiment, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the loudspeaker 1 comprises a base 12 and a piezoelectric membrane 11. The base 12 is a cylinder, and the bottom surface 15 of the piezoelectric film 11 is fixed on the cylindrical surface 123 of the base 12. When the piezoelectric film 11 is energized, the piezoelectric film 11 is deformed, and the top surface 14 of the piezoelectric film 11 can vibrate with respect to the bottom surface 15 of the piezoelectric film 11. At this time, the vibration direction of the piezoelectric film 11 is the radial direction of the cylinder. The contact surface 112 of the piezoelectric film 11 may be formed on the top surface 14 of the piezoelectric film 11.

For example, the piezoelectric film 11 may be disposed around the base 12, and in this case, the piezoelectric film 11 has a cylindrical shape. In other embodiments, the piezoelectric film 11 may also be in an arc shape, and the piezoelectric film 11 is fixed on a partial area of the cylindrical surface 123 of the base 12. In other embodiments, the base 12 may have other cylindrical shapes, such as a prism, etc., and the bottom surface 15 of the piezoelectric film 11 is fixed to the cylindrical surface of the base 12.

Referring to fig. 15, fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 1 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The speaker 1 of the present embodiment may include most of the technical features of the speaker 1 of the previous embodiments, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the loudspeaker 1 comprises a base 12 and a piezoelectric membrane 11. The base 12 is a cylindrical structure, the base 12 includes an outer side 125 and an inner side 124 that are opposite to each other, the outer side 125 is disposed around the inner side 124, and the bottom surface 15 of the piezoelectric film 11 is fixed to the outer side 125 of the base 12. When the piezoelectric film 11 is energized, the piezoelectric film 11 is deformed, and the top surface 14 of the piezoelectric film 11 can vibrate with respect to the bottom surface 15 of the piezoelectric film 11. At this time, the vibration direction of the piezoelectric film 11 is the radial direction of the cylinder. The contact surface 112 of the piezoelectric film 11 may be formed on the top surface 14 of the piezoelectric film 11.

For example, the piezoelectric film 11 may be disposed around the cylinder, and in this case, the piezoelectric film 11 has a cylindrical shape. In other embodiments, the piezoelectric film 11 may also be in an arc shape, and the piezoelectric film 11 is fixed to a partial region of the outer side surface 125 of the base 12. In other embodiments, the base 12 may have other cylindrical shapes, such as a square cylinder shape, and the bottom surface 15 of the piezoelectric film 11 is fixed to the outer side surface of the base 12.

Referring to fig. 16A and 16B, fig. 16A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 1 according to an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments, and fig. 16B is a schematic internal structural diagram of the speaker 1 shown in fig. 16A. The speaker 1 of the present embodiment may include most technical features of the speaker 1 of the previous embodiment, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the loudspeaker 1 comprises a base 12 and a piezoelectric membrane 11. The base 12 has a receiving groove 126, the receiving groove 126 extends into the base 12 along a direction, which is the groove depth direction of the receiving groove 126, and the opening of the receiving groove 126 is located on one side of the base 12. The piezoelectric film 11 includes a first portion 113 and a second portion 114, when the piezoelectric film 11 is not powered on, the first portion 113 of the piezoelectric film 11 is accommodated in the accommodating groove 126, and the second portion 114 of the piezoelectric film 11 protrudes from the base 12. When the piezoelectric film 11 is energized, both the first portion 113 and the second portion 114 of the piezoelectric film 11 are deformed, so that the second portion 114 of the piezoelectric film 11 can vibrate in the groove depth direction of the accommodation groove 126. That is, the deformation of the first portion 113 and the second portion 114 of the piezoelectric film 11 in common can be reflected on the action of the second portion 114 away from the base 12 or close to the base 12, thereby vibrating the second portion 114. At this time, the contact surface 112 of the piezoelectric film 11 may be located at an end surface of the second portion 114 remote from the first portion 113. Wherein, the end of the first portion 113 of the piezoelectric film 11 far away from the second portion 114 can be fixedly connected to the base 12 to prevent the piezoelectric film 11 from separating from the base 12. It is understood that, in the present embodiment, due to the structural design, the piezoelectric film 11 may also be referred to as a piezoelectric block or a piezoelectric material stack.

In the embodiment of the present application, the loudspeaker 1 may further improve the performance of the loudspeaker 1 by designing the structure of the base 12 such that the amplitude of the piezoelectric film 11 is amplified. The following description is given by way of example.

Referring to fig. 17, fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 1 according to another embodiment of the present application. The speaker 1 of the present embodiment may include most of the technical features of the speaker 1 of the previous embodiments, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the loudspeaker 1 is of a cantilever beam construction. For example, the speaker 1 includes a base 12 and a piezoelectric film 11. One end of the piezoelectric film 11 is fixed to the base 12, and the other end of the piezoelectric film 11 is suspended, so that when the piezoelectric film 11 is powered on, the other end of the piezoelectric film 11 can vibrate relative to one end of the piezoelectric film 11. In this embodiment, the design mode that one end of the piezoelectric film 11 is fixed, and the other end is suspended and vibrates is a larger vibration stroke, that is, the speaker 1 can have a larger vibration amplitude, compared with the design mode that two ends or the periphery of the piezoelectric film 11 is fixed and the middle part vibrates, so that a larger loudness is obtained.

The contact surface 112 may be located at the suspended end of the piezoelectric film 11, and is located at a side of the piezoelectric film 11 facing away from the base 12. In other embodiments, the contact surface 112 may be located at the floating end of the piezoelectric film 11 and at the side of the piezoelectric film 11 close to the base 12.

Referring to fig. 18A and 18B in combination, fig. 18A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment, and fig. 18B is a schematic internal structural diagram of the speaker 1 shown in fig. 18A. The speaker 1 of the present embodiment may include most technical features of the speaker 1 of the previous embodiment, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the loudspeaker 1 is of a simple beam construction. For example, the speaker 1 includes a base 12 and a piezoelectric film 11, and a peripheral edge 11b of the piezoelectric film 11 is fixed to the base 12. When the piezoelectric film 11 is energized, the piezoelectric film 11 is deformed, and the center portion 11a of the piezoelectric film 11 can vibrate with respect to the peripheral edge 11b of the piezoelectric film 11. The portion 127 of the base 12 for fixing the piezoelectric film 11 is in a spike shape, so as to form a simple beam structure.

In this embodiment, since the speaker 1 adopts the simply supported beam fixing structure, the bending modulus of the piezoelectric film 11 during vibration is increased, so that the piezoelectric film 11 has a larger vibration stroke, and the loudness of the speaker 1 is higher. At this time, the contact face 112 of the piezoelectric film 11 may be formed on the surface of the portion 127 of the piezoelectric film 11 facing the base 12.

It is understood that in other embodiments, the speaker 1 may have other structures to increase the vibration stroke of the piezoelectric film 11, which is not limited in this application.

In the embodiments corresponding to fig. 8A to 18B, except for the above-described portions, other designs of the base 12 and the piezoelectric film 11 of the speaker 1 may refer to the related aspects of the above-described embodiments (e.g., the embodiment corresponding to fig. 3A), and are not described herein again. In the embodiment corresponding to fig. 8A to 18B, the speaker 1 may further include a matching layer (not shown in the drawings), and the matching layer is fixed to the contact surface 112 of the piezoelectric film 11 to improve the sound wave transmission efficiency of the speaker 1. The design of the matching layer may refer to the related schemes in the previous embodiments (e.g., the embodiments corresponding to fig. 7A to 7E), and is not described herein again.

Hereinafter, a speaker using a dielectric polymer will be exemplified.

Referring to fig. 19A to 19C in combination, fig. 19A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 2 according to an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments, fig. 19B is a schematic structural diagram of the speaker 2 shown in fig. 19A in one use state, and fig. 19C is a schematic structural diagram of the speaker 2 shown in fig. 19A in another use state. The speaker 2 of the present embodiment may include most technical features of the speakers of the previous embodiments, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 19A, the speaker 2 includes a pusher 21, a first electrode 22, and a second electrode 23. The urging member 21 is made of a dielectric polymer material having a young's modulus of 1GPa or less. The pusher 21 comprises a first face 211, a second face 212 and a third face 213, wherein the first face 211 and the second face 212 are arranged in a reverse manner, the third face 213 is located between the first face 211 and the second face 212, the first electrode 22 is fixed on the first face 211, the second electrode 23 is fixed on the second face 212, and the third face 213 is used for contacting a user. That is, the contact face 214 of the pusher 21 corresponds to the third face 213 of the pusher 21.

As shown in fig. 19B and 19C, when a potential difference is formed between the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23, the first face 211 and the second face 212 of the pusher 21 approach or move away from each other, so that the third face 213 of the pusher 21 vibrates. Specifically, as shown in fig. 19B, when the speaker 2 is powered on, a potential difference is formed between the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23, and due to the mutual attraction of charges between the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23, the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 approach each other, the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 jointly press the pushing member 21, the first surface 211 and the second surface 212 of the pushing member 21 approach each other, and the third surface 213 of the pushing member 21 is pressed and protruded. As shown in fig. 19C, when the potential difference between the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 decreases, the attractive force between the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 decreases, the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 move away from each other, the pressing degree of the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 on the pusher 21 decreases, the first surface 211 and the second surface 212 of the pusher 21 move away from each other, and the protrusion degree of the third surface 213 of the pusher 21 decreases.

That is, when the speaker 2 receives a continuous and variable driving voltage, the potential difference between the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 changes, the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 approach and move away from each other according to the driving voltage, the first surface 211 and the second surface 212 of the pusher 21 approach and move away from each other, and the continuous relative motion between the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 causes the third surface 213 of the pusher 21 to vibrate, i.e., the contact surface 214 of the pusher 21 vibrates. Therefore, the loudspeaker 2 can generate the auditory sensation by driving the contact surface 214 of the pusher 21 to push the bone or cartilage of the user to vibrate under the driving of the driving voltage.

In the present embodiment, the pushing member 21 of the speaker 2 is made of a flexible, high-biocompatibility dielectric polymer material, so that the wearing comfort is better. In addition, the acoustic impedance of the dielectric polymer material is close to that of the skin, so that the sound waves emitted by the loudspeaker 2 can smoothly enter the human body, and the sound wave transmission effect is enhanced.

The dielectric polymer material may be, but is not limited to, a silicon-based rubber material, a carbon fiber material, a carbon nanotube material, or the like. The dielectric high polymer material is selected from materials with larger dielectric coefficients. In this embodiment, the piezoelectric performance of the dielectric polymer material is not limited. The materials and the preparation methods of the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 can refer to the related designs of the positive electrode layer 1112 and the negative electrode layer 1113 of the piezoelectric film 111 in the foregoing embodiments, and are not described herein again.

It is understood that the structural configuration of the speaker 2 of the present embodiment can have various designs, such as a square shape, a circular shape, a ring shape, an arc shape, a cylindrical shape, etc., and the speaker 2 can make the pushing member 21 vibrate in another direction by restricting the movement of the pushing member 21 in one direction, and the present embodiment does not limit the specific structural configuration of the speaker 2.

Referring to fig. 20, fig. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 2 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The speaker 2 of the present embodiment may include most technical features of the speaker 2 shown in fig. 19A to 19C, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not repeated.

In some embodiments, the loudspeaker 2 comprises a pusher 21, a first electrode 22, a second electrode 23, and a matching layer 24. The related descriptions of the pusher 21, the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 can be found in the description of the corresponding embodiment in fig. 19A. The matching layer 24 is fixed to the contact surface 214 of the pusher 21 for improving the sound wave transmission efficiency of the speaker 2. Wherein the design of the matching layer 24 can be seen from the foregoingIn the embodiments related to the matching layer 13, for example, the embodiments corresponding to fig. 7A to 7E, the position of the pushing member 21 in the embodiment corresponds to the position of the piezoelectric film 11 in fig. 7A to 7E. For example, the acoustic impedance of the surface of the matching layer 24 near the pusher 21 is the same as that of the pusher 21. For example, the matching layer 24 includes a first material having an acoustic impedance greater than 2MPa s/m and a second material ³ The acoustic impedance of the second material is 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Insofar, in the direction away from the pusher 21, the mixing proportion of the first material decreases and the mixing proportion of the second material increases; or, the matching layer 24 comprises a first matching film layer and a second matching film layer, the first matching film layer and the second matching film layer are fixed to each other in a stacked manner, the first matching film layer is positioned between the pusher 21 and the second matching film layer, and the acoustic impedance of the first matching film layer is greater than 2mpa x s/m ³ And the acoustic impedance of the second matching film layer is 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Within the range; or, the matching layer 24 includes a plurality of first teeth and a plurality of second teeth, the first teeth and the second teeth are staggered and connected to each other, the first teeth are triangular, the second teeth are triangular, the bottom edge of the first teeth is opposite to the bottom edge of the second teeth, the bottom edge of the first teeth is located between the pushing element and the bottom edge of the second teeth, and the acoustic impedance of the first teeth is greater than 2mpa × s/m ³ Acoustic impedance of the second tooth is 1.2MPa s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Within the range.

Referring to fig. 21, fig. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 2 according to an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments. The speaker 2 of the present embodiment may include most technical features of the speaker 2 of the previous embodiment, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the speaker 2 may include a plurality of stacked vibration units 25, each vibration unit 25 includes a pushing member 21, a first electrode 22 and a second electrode 23, and the design of the vibration unit 25 can be described with reference to fig. 19A in relation to the corresponding embodiment. When the loudspeaker 2 receives the driving voltage, a potential difference is generated between the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 of each vibration unit 25, and the contact surface 214 of the pushing member 21 of each vibration unit 25 vibrates to push the bone or cartilage of the user together to generate the auditory sensation.

Wherein, the formula of the acting force between the first electrode 22 and the second electrode 23 in the vibration unit 25 is:

in the formula, epsilon is absolute dielectric constant _r V is the voltage, t is the thickness, and S is the area. In the present embodiment, since the speaker 2 employs a plurality of stacked vibration units 25, the thickness of each vibration unit 25 is small, the acting force between the two electrodes of the vibration unit 25 is large, the deformation amount of the pusher 21 is large, and the vibration amplitude of the contact surface 214 of the pusher 21 is large, so that the magnitude of the driving force of the speaker 2 can be effectively increased.

Referring to fig. 22, fig. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 2 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The speaker 2 of the present embodiment may include most technical features of the speaker 2 of the previous embodiment, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the speaker 2 may include a plurality of vibration units 25 and matching layers 24 arranged in a stack. Each vibration unit 25 includes a pushing member 21, a first electrode 22 and a second electrode 23, and the design of the vibration unit 25 can be described with reference to the corresponding embodiment in fig. 19A. The matching layer 24 connects the contact faces 214 of the pushers 21 of the respective vibrating units 25. The matching layer 24 may be designed according to the related schemes of the matching layer 13 in the previous embodiments, for example, the corresponding embodiments of fig. 7A to 7E. In the present embodiment, the matching layer 24 is used to contact the user, the sound waves of the plurality of vibration units 25 are transmitted to the bone or cartilage of the user through the matching layer 24 to make the user feel a sense of hearing, and the matching layer 24 can improve the sound wave transmission efficiency of the speaker 2.

Referring to fig. 23, fig. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 2 according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. The speaker 2 of the present embodiment may include most technical features of the speaker 2 shown in fig. 21, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the speaker 2 may include a plurality of vibration units 25 and encapsulation films 26 arranged in a stack. Each vibration unit 25 includes a pushing member 21, a first electrode 22 and a second electrode 23, and the design of the vibration unit 25 can be described with reference to the corresponding embodiment in fig. 19A. Wherein, the connecting line of the arrangement positions of the contact surfaces 214 of the pushing pieces 21 of the plurality of vibration units 25 is arc-shaped. For example, the speaker 2 includes three vibration units 25 stacked, and the contact surface 214 of the pusher member 21 of the vibration unit 25 located in the middle is provided to protrude with respect to the contact surfaces 214 of the pusher members 21 of the other two vibration units 25. The packaging film 26 is connected with the contact surface 214 of the pushing piece 21 of each vibration unit 25, and the packaging film 26 is arc-shaped. In the present embodiment, the packaging film 26 is used to contact the user, and the sound waves of the plurality of vibration units 25 are transmitted to the bone or cartilage of the user through the packaging film 26 to generate the user's hearing sensation.

In some embodiments, encapsulation film 26 is a polymeric material having a Young's modulus of less than or equal to 1 GPa. Illustratively, the material of the encapsulating film 26 may be the same as that of the pusher 21 in the vibration unit 25. In other embodiments, the encapsulation film 26 may employ a matching layer structure to improve the sound wave transmission efficiency of the speaker 2. The design of the encapsulation film 26 may be found in relation to the matching layer 13 in the previous embodiments, such as the corresponding embodiments of fig. 7A-7E.

Hereinafter, a speaker using a magnetic polymer will be exemplified.

Referring to fig. 24A and fig. 24B in combination, fig. 24A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 3 according to an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment, and fig. 24B is a schematic internal structural diagram of the speaker 3 shown in fig. 24A. The speaker 3 of the present embodiment may include most technical features of the speakers of the previous embodiments, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the loudspeaker 3 comprises a push member 31 and a drive member 32, the push member 31 is configured to contact a user, the drive member 32 is configured to drive the push member 31 to vibrate, and the push member 31 is made of a high polymer material having a young's modulus of less than or equal to 1 GPa. The driving member 32 is used to form a magnetic field environment, so that the driving member 31 deforms under the control of the magnetic field, thereby realizing vibration.

In the present embodiment, the pushing member 31 of the speaker 3 is made of a flexible, high-biocompatibility magnetic polymer material, so that the wearing comfort is better. In addition, the acoustic impedance of the magnetic polymer material is close to that of the skin, so that the sound waves emitted by the loudspeaker 3 can smoothly enter the human body, and the sound wave transmission effect is enhanced.

Illustratively, the driving member 32 may include an outer yoke 321, an electromagnet 322, and a center yoke 323. The center yoke 323 and the electromagnet 322 are positioned inside the outer yoke 321 with a magnetic gap between the center yoke 323 and the outer yoke 321, and the electromagnet 322 is positioned between the center yoke 323 and the outer yoke 321. In which the cross-sectional shape of the outer yoke 321 may be substantially U-shaped, that is, the outer yoke 321 has a recessed mounting space for receiving other components. The outer yoke 321 and the central yoke 323 are both magnetic conductive members, which may be iron members, for example, and are made of low-carbon steel or the like. The electromagnet 322 may include an iron core and an electrical coil, the electrical coil is wound around the iron core, and when the electrical coil is energized, a magnetic field is generated and changes along with an electrical signal received by the electrical coil.

The push member 31 is located in the magnetic gap, and the push member 31 is configured to vibrate in a direction perpendicular to the central yoke 323 under the driving of the magnetic field. Wherein, the pushing member 31 may include a fixed end 311 and a vibrating end 312, the fixed end 311 is located inside the outer yoke 321 and fixedly connected to the outer yoke 321, the vibrating end 312 protrudes relative to the outer yoke 321 and the central yoke 323, and the contact surface 311 of the pushing member 31 is formed at an end surface of the vibrating end 312. The pusher 31 is deformed as a whole in a changing magnetic field, and the vibration end 312 and the contact surface 311 move up and down with respect to the center yoke 323 to vibrate. For example, the magnetic polymer may be 1-vinylimidazole material, or the magnetic polymer may be a polymer doped with magnetic particles.

In some embodiments, the speaker 3 may further include a matching layer (not shown) affixed to the contact surface 311 of the push member 31, for example, on the end surface of the vibrating end 312 of the push member 31, to improve the sound wave transmission efficiency of the speaker 3. The matching layer design can refer to the related solution of the matching layer 13 in the previous embodiments, for example, the embodiment corresponding to fig. 7A to 7E, and the position of the pushing member 31 in this embodiment corresponds to the position of the piezoelectric film 11 in fig. 7A to 7E.

A speaker using a general high polymer will be exemplified below.

Referring to fig. 25A to 25C in combination, fig. 25A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 4 provided in an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment, fig. 25B is a schematic structural diagram of the speaker 4 shown in fig. 25A at another angle, and fig. 25C is a schematic internal structural diagram of the speaker 4 shown in fig. 25A. The speaker 4 of the present embodiment may include most technical features of the speakers of the previous embodiments, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the speaker 4 includes a pushing member 41 and a driving member 42, the pushing member 41 is used for contacting a user, the driving member 42 is used for driving the pushing member 41 to vibrate, and the pushing member 41 is made of high polymer material with Young modulus less than or equal to 1 GPa. In this embodiment, the driving member 42 may be a mechanical vibration device, and the driving member 42 directly drives the pushing member 41 to vibrate, so as to transmit sound waves to the bone or cartilage of the user through the pushing member 41, thereby generating an auditory sensation.

The high polymer material may be a polyurethane material, a thermoplastic polyurethane material, a rubber material, a silica gel material, a polyethylene terephthalate material, a polyetherimide material, or the like. In this embodiment, the piezoelectric property, dielectric property, and the like of the high polymer material are not limited.

Illustratively, the driving member 42 may include a frame 421, a diaphragm 422, and a piezoelectric sheet 423. The diaphragm 422 includes a central portion 422a and a peripheral portion 422b disposed about the central portion 422a. The periphery 422b of the diaphragm 422 is fixed to the frame 421, and the piezoelectric piece 423 is fixed to the middle 422a of the diaphragm 422. The pusher 41 is in the form of a membrane, and the pusher 41 is fixed to the side of the piezoelectric sheet 423 facing away from the diaphragm 422. In this embodiment, when the speaker 4 receives a driving signal, the driving signal controls the piezoelectric sheet 423 to deform, the piezoelectric sheet 423 transmits the deformation to the pushing member 41, and the pushing member 41 is configured to contact with a user to transmit sound waves to bone or cartilage of the user, so as to generate an auditory sensation.

For example, the piezoelectric sheet 423 may be fixed on a side of the diaphragm 422 close to the frame 421, and in this case, the speaker 4 can obtain a smaller thickness to facilitate a slim design. At this time, the contact surface 411 of the pusher 41 is located on the side of the pusher 41 facing away from the piezoelectric sheet 423. In the present embodiment, the sum of the thickness of the piezoelectric sheet 423 and the thickness of the pushing member 41 is greater than the thickness of the frame 421 in the direction perpendicular to the diaphragm 422, so that the contact surface 411 of the pushing member 41 protrudes relative to the frame 421 to facilitate the pushing member 41 to contact the user. In other embodiments, the piezoelectric sheet 423 may also be fixed to a side of the diaphragm 422 facing away from the frame 421, and the pushing member 41 is fixed to a side of the piezoelectric sheet 423 facing away from the diaphragm 422. At this time, the contact surface of the pushing member 41 is located on the side of the pushing member 41 opposite to the diaphragm 422, and the loudspeaker 4 no longer defines the relative relationship among the thickness of the piezoelectric sheet 423, the thickness of the pushing member 41, and the thickness of the frame 421.

The frame 421 may be a hard support, and may be made of metal, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer plastic, and the like, which is not limited in this application. Piezoelectric sheet 423 may be made of piezoelectric ceramic or piezoelectric crystal, and may be, but not limited to, lead zirconate titanate (lead titanate piezoelectric ceramics), lithium niobate piezoelectric crystal material, aluminum nitride (AlN), zinc oxide (ZnO), and the like, which is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the diaphragm 422 is provided to amplify the displacement of the piezoelectric sheet 423 so that the speaker 4 has a larger amplitude to obtain a higher loudness. The diaphragm 422 may be made of a metal material such as aluminum, a plastic material such as polyethylene terephthalate, or a rubber material, which is not strictly limited in this embodiment of the present application.

Referring to fig. 26, fig. 26 is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 5 according to another embodiment of the present application. The main differences between the loudspeaker 5 shown in fig. 26 and the loudspeaker 4 shown in fig. 25C are that: the piezoelectric plate 523 and the pushing member 51 of the speaker 5 are both fixed to the middle portion 522a of the diaphragm 522, and the piezoelectric plate 523 is fixed to one side of the diaphragm 522, and the pushing member 51 is fixed to the other side of the diaphragm 522, that is, the piezoelectric plate 523 and the pushing member 51 are respectively fixed to two opposite sides of the diaphragm 522. In this embodiment, when the speaker 5 receives a driving signal, the driving signal controls the piezoelectric sheet 523 to deform, the piezoelectric sheet 523 transmits the deformation to the pushing member 51 via the vibrating membrane 522, and the pushing member 51 is used for contacting with a user to transmit sound waves to bone or cartilage of the user, so as to generate a hearing sensation. At this time, the contact surface 511 of the pushing member 51 is located on the side of the pushing member 51 facing away from the diaphragm 522.

Illustratively, the piezoelectric sheet 523 is fixed to a side of the diaphragm 522 close to the frame 521, and the pushing member 51 is fixed to a side of the diaphragm 522 opposite to the frame 521, so as to facilitate a slim design of the speaker 5 and facilitate the pushing member 51 contacting a user. In other embodiments, the positions of the piezoelectric sheet 523 and the pushing member 51 may be reversed, which is not strictly limited in this application.

In the corresponding embodiments of fig. 25A to fig. 26, the frame of the speaker is a rectangular frame, and the diaphragm, the piezoelectric plate, and the pushing member of the speaker are all rectangular diaphragm structures. In other embodiments, the frame, diaphragm, piezoelectric plate, and pushing member of the speaker may have other structural designs, such as circular, oval, hexagonal, etc. The following examples are given.

Referring to fig. 27A and 27B in combination, fig. 27A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 6 provided in an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment, and fig. 27B is a schematic internal structural diagram of the speaker 6 shown in fig. 27A. The speaker 6 of the present embodiment may include most technical features of the speaker of the previous embodiments, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the speaker 6 includes a pusher 61 and an actuator 62, and the actuator 62 includes a frame 621, a diaphragm 622, and a piezoelectric patch 623. The main differences between this embodiment and the corresponding embodiments of fig. 25A to 26 are: the frame 621 of the speaker 6 is a circular frame, and the diaphragm 622, the piezoelectric element 623 and the pushing element 61 of the speaker 6 are all circular diaphragm structures.

Referring to fig. 28A and fig. 28B in combination, fig. 28A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 7 provided in an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment, and fig. 28B is a schematic internal structural diagram of the speaker 7 shown in fig. 28A. The speaker 7 of this embodiment may include most technical features of the speaker of the previous embodiments, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, the loudspeaker 7 comprises a pusher 71 and an actuator 72. The pushing member 71 is used for contacting a user, and the pushing member 71 is made of high polymer material with Young modulus less than or equal to 1 GPa. The driving member 72 includes a frame 721, a first driving portion 722, and a second driving portion 723. One side of the frame 721 is broken. For example, frame 721 may include three of the four sides of a rectangular frame structure. The pushing member 71 is located inside the frame 721, the pushing member 71 includes four sides, three sides of the pushing member 71 are connected to the frame 721, and the other side of the pushing member 71 protrudes from the frame 721. The side of the pushing member 71 protruding out of the frame 721 is used for contacting a user, that is, the contact surface 711 of the pushing member 71 is formed on the side of the pushing member 71 protruding out of the frame 721 so as to contact the user. The first driving portion 722 and the second driving portion 723 are respectively located on opposite sides of the pusher 71, and the first driving portion 722 and the second driving portion 723 are used for pressing the pusher 71 in opposite directions so as to generate vibration on one side of the pusher 71 protruding out of the frame 721.

For example, the pushing member 71 may include a first edge, a second edge, a third edge, and a fourth edge connected end to end, the first edge and the third edge are opposite to each other, the second edge and the fourth edge are opposite to each other, the first edge of the pushing member 71 is located inside the frame body 721 and can be fixedly connected to the frame body 721, the second edge and the fourth edge of the pushing member 71 are connected to the frame body 721 and can move relative to the frame body 721, the third edge of the pushing member 71 protrudes relative to the frame body 721 and is located outside the frame body 721, and the contact surface 711 of the pushing member 71 is formed on the third edge of the pushing member 71. When the speaker 7 receives the driving signal, the first driving part 722 and the second driving part 723 press the pushing member 71 toward each other, so that the third side of the pushing member 71 generates vibration, and sound waves are transmitted to the bone or cartilage of the user through the third side of the pushing member 71, thereby generating an auditory sensation.

For example, the first driving unit 722 and the second driving unit 723 may be piezoelectric sheets, and piezoelectric sheets may be made of a piezoelectric material such as a lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic material, a lithium niobate piezoelectric crystal material, aluminum nitride, or zinc oxide. In other embodiments, the first driving portion 722 and the second driving portion 723 may also adopt other drivers, such as an electromagnetic driver, a moving coil driver, an ultrasonic motor driver, a moving iron driver, and the like, which is not strictly limited in this embodiment of the present application.

Referring to fig. 29A and 29B in combination, fig. 29A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 8 provided in an embodiment of the present application in another embodiment, and fig. 29B is a schematic internal structural diagram of the speaker 8 shown in fig. 29A. The speaker 8 of this embodiment may include most technical features of the speaker 8 of the previous embodiment, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, speaker 8 includes a pusher 81 and a driver 82. The pushing member 81 is used for contacting a user, and the pushing member 81 adopts a high polymer material with the Young modulus of less than or equal to 1 GPa. The driving member 82 includes a base 821, a piezoelectric sheet 822, and a support member 823, the driving member 81 is in a film shape, the periphery of the driving member 81 is fixed to the base 821, one end of the piezoelectric sheet 822 is fixed to the base 821, and the support member 823 is connected between the other end of the piezoelectric sheet 822 and the middle portion of the driving member 81. The piezoelectric sheet 822 is a cantilever structure, the piezoelectric sheet 822 includes a fixed end and a suspended end, the fixed end is fixed to the base 821, and the suspended end of the piezoelectric sheet 822 pushes the pushing member 81 to vibrate through the supporting member 823. The supporting member 823 may be a hard push rod structure, and may be made of metal materials such as steel and aluminum, or hard materials such as plastic. The contact face 811 of the pusher 81 is located on the side of the pusher 81 remote from the support 823.

In this embodiment, when the speaker 8 receives the driving signal, the piezoelectric plate 822 deforms, the suspended end of the piezoelectric plate 822 vibrates, the support 823 drives the middle of the pushing member 81 to vibrate, and the pushing member 81 transmits sound waves to the bone or cartilage of the user, so as to generate a hearing sensation. The suspension end of the piezoelectric sheet 822 adopting the cantilever structure has a large displacement, so that the amplitude of the pushing member 81 is large, and the loudness of the speaker 8 can be improved.

Referring to fig. 30A and fig. 30B in combination, fig. 30A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 9 according to an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments, and fig. 30B is a schematic internal structural diagram of the speaker 9 shown in fig. 30A. The speaker 9 of this embodiment may include most technical features of the speaker 9 of the previous embodiments, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, speaker 9 includes a pusher 91 and a driver 92. The pusher member 91 is adapted to contact the user, and the pusher member 91 is formed of a polymeric material having a Young's modulus of less than or equal to 1 GPa. Illustratively, the driver 92 may take the form of a moving coil driver structure. For example, drive member 92 includes a basket 921, an outer yoke 922, a center yoke 923, a magnet 924, a drive plate 925, and a voice coil 926. The pushing member 91 is formed in a film shape, and the periphery of the pushing member 91 is fixed to the frame 921. The outer yoke 922 is fixedly connected with the basin stand 921 and located on one side of the basin stand 921 far away from the pushing member 91, the central yoke 923 and the magnet 924 are located on the inner side of the outer yoke 922, a magnetic gap 927 is formed between the central yoke 923 and the outer yoke 922, and the magnet 924 is located between the central yoke 923 and the outer yoke 922. A driving plate 925 is fixed to the side of the pushing member 91 near the center yoke 923, and one end of a voice coil 926 is fixed to the driving plate 925 and the other end of the voice coil 926 is located in the magnetic gap 927. The contact face 911 of the pusher member 91 is located on the side of the pusher member 91 remote from the drive plate 925.

In this embodiment, when the speaker 9 receives the driving signal, the voice coil 926 is energized and then receives a force in the magnetic field, so that the driving board 925 drives the pushing member 91 to vibrate, and the pushing member 91 transmits sound waves to the bone or cartilage of the user, thereby generating the hearing sensation.

The outer yoke 922 and the center yoke 923 are magnetic conductive members, and may be made of low-carbon steel or the like. The magnet 924 may be made of neodymium iron boron, ferrite, or the like. The driving plate 925 is a hard plate and may be made of metal, plastic, or the like.

Referring to fig. 31A and 31B in combination, fig. 31A is a schematic structural diagram of a speaker 10 according to an embodiment of the present application in other embodiments, and fig. 31B is a schematic internal structural diagram of the speaker 10 shown in fig. 31A. The speaker 10 of the present embodiment may include most technical features of the speaker 10 of the previous embodiment, and differences between the two are mainly described below, and most of the same contents between the two are not described again.

In some embodiments, loudspeaker 10 includes a pusher 101 and a driver 102. The pusher member 101 is adapted to contact a user, and the pusher member 101 is formed of a polymeric material having a Young's modulus of less than or equal to 1 GPa. Illustratively, the driving member 102 may be an electromagnetic (or called moving magnet) type of actuator structure. For example, the driving member 102 includes a housing 1021, an outer yoke 1022, a magnet 1023, a center yoke 1024, and a voice coil 1025. The pusher 101 is in the form of a film, and a peripheral edge of the pusher 101 is connected to the casing 1021 and can vibrate with respect to the casing 1021. The outer yoke 1022, the magnet 1023, the center yoke 1024 and the voice coil 1025 are all located on the inner side of the casing 1021, the outer yoke 1022 is fixed on one side of the pushing member 101, the magnet 1023 is fixed on one side of the outer yoke 1022 facing away from the pushing member 101 and located on the inner side of the outer yoke 1022, the center yoke 1024 is fixed on one side of the magnet 1023 facing away from the pushing member 101 and located on the inner side of the outer yoke 1022, and a magnetic gap 1026 is formed between the center yoke 1024 and the outer yoke 1022. One end of the voice coil 1025 is located in the magnetic gap 1026, and the other end of the voice coil 1025 is fixed to the case 1021. The contact surface 1011 of the pusher 101 is located on the side of the pusher 101 remote from the outer yoke 1022.

In this embodiment, when the speaker 10 receives a driving signal, the voice coil 1025 generates a magnetic field after being energized, the magnetic fields generated by the outer yoke 1022, the magnet 1023 and the center yoke 1024 interact with the magnetic field generated by the voice coil 1025, and since the voice coil 1025 is fixed to the housing 1021, the outer yoke 1022, the magnet 1023 and the center yoke 1024 vibrate relative to the housing 1021, the outer yoke 1022 pushes the pushing member 101 to vibrate, and the pushing member 101 transmits sound waves to bone or cartilage of a user, thereby generating an auditory sensation.

The casing 1021 is a hard structural member, and can be made of metal, plastic and other materials. The outer yoke 1022 and the central yoke 1024 are magnetic conductive members, and may be made of low carbon steel or the like. Magnet 1023 may be made of neodymium iron boron, ferrite, or the like.

In some possible implementations, in the corresponding embodiment of fig. 25A to 31B, the speaker may further include a matching layer fixed to the contact surface of the pushing member to improve the sound wave transmission efficiency of the speaker. The design of the matching layer can be seen from the related aspects of the matching layer 13 in the previous embodiments, for example, the embodiments corresponding to fig. 7A to 7E, and the position of the pushing member in this embodiment corresponds to the position of the piezoelectric film 11 in fig. 7A to 7E.

At the moment, the matching layer can realize the transition between the acoustic impedance of the pushing piece and the acoustic impedance of a human body, so that the pushing piece has greater freedom degree when selecting materials, and the material selection design of the pushing piece can better meet the requirement of an application structure of the pushing piece, so that the characteristics of the loudspeaker can be better exerted, and the performance of the loudspeaker is improved. The fixed relation between the matching layer and the pushing piece can be realized in an assembling mode or an integrated forming mode.

In other implementations, the pusher member of the speaker is made of a polymeric material having an acoustic impedance close to or equal to that of the human body. At this time, the speaker may not be provided with a matching layer.

It is understood that the speaker shown in fig. 25A to fig. 31B exemplarily illustrates some implementation manners of the driving member, for example, the driving member may employ a piezoelectric driver, a moving coil driver, an electromagnetic driver, in some other embodiments, the driving member may also employ other drivers such as an ultrasonic motor driver, a moving iron driver, and the like, and the driving member may generate a driving force for driving the pushing member to vibrate, and the embodiment of the present application does not strictly limit the specific implementation structure of the driving member.

The speakers shown in the foregoing can be applied to the electronic device shown in fig. 1, the electronic device can have various embodiments, and the speakers can be applied to the electronic device in various ways, which will be described below by way of example.

Referring to fig. 32, fig. 32 is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic device shown in fig. 1 in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the electronic device may be a cell phone 100, the cell phone 100 including a speaker 1001. The speaker 1001 is mounted on the top of the cellular phone 100 and exposed to the cellular phone 100. The speaker 1001 may be used as a receiver (receiver) of the mobile phone 100, the speaker 1001 may be a bone conduction speaker or a cartilage conduction speaker, and the speaker 1001 includes a push member 1001a using a high polymer, and the push member 1001a is used to contact a user. Driving mode of the speaker 1001 referring to the above description, the material of the push member 1001a is adapted to the driving mode of the speaker 1001, and the push member may be made of a piezoelectric polymer material, a dielectric polymer material, an electromagnetic polymer material, or a general polymer material.

Illustratively, the cell phone 100 further includes a housing 1002 and a display 1003, the display 1003 being mounted to the housing 1002. The housing 1002 has a mounting space 1004, the display screen 1003 has an avoiding groove or an avoiding hole 1005, the speaker 1001 is mounted in the mounting space 1004, and a push part 1001a of the speaker 1001 may be exposed through the avoiding groove or the avoiding hole 1005, the push part 1001a being protruded with respect to the display screen 1003 so as to contact a user. In use, the push member 1001a of the speaker 1001 drives the tissue around the ear canal of the user to vibrate, thereby generating a bone conduction effect or a cartilage conduction effect. The width of the avoiding groove or the avoiding hole 1005 may be 1 mm to 2 mm.

In this embodiment, the speaker 1001 realizes sound wave transmission by bone conduction or cartilage conduction, and can increase the energy ratio of sound waves transmitted to a user, and reduce the diffused energy ratio of sound waves, thereby improving the sound leakage problem. In addition, the loudspeaker 1001 adopts the high polymer as the pushing member 1001a, and the acoustic impedance of the high polymer is better matched with the acoustic impedance of the human body, so that the sound wave transmits more energy to the human body, thereby increasing the bone conduction energy or cartilage conduction energy, reducing the air radiation energy and further improving the sound leakage problem.

Wherein the end surface of the pusher 1001a remote from the housing 1002 forms a contact surface 1001b. In some embodiments, the speaker 1001 may further include a matching layer (not shown), and the matching layer is fixed on the contact surface 1001b of the push member 1001a to improve the sound wave transmission efficiency.

Illustratively, the speaker 1001 may be fixed by bonding the housing 1002 with an adhesive. The adhesive can be made of epoxy resin, silicon rubber and the like. The adhesive can be double-sided adhesive, single-component adhesive or double-component adhesive and the like. Alternatively, the speaker 1001 may be fixed to the housing 1002 by a fastener such as a fastening ring, a screw, or a rivet. Alternatively, the speaker 1001 may be fixed to the housing 1002 by fastening, snapping, welding, clamping, or the like. The embodiment of the present application does not strictly limit the specific implementation manner in which the speaker 1001 is fixed to the housing 1002. It should be understood that there are many ways to fix the speaker 1001 to the electronic device, which are only examples, and in the following embodiments, the speaker 1001 may be adaptively selected to be fixed to electronic devices of different forms, which is not limited in this application.

Referring to fig. 33A and 33B in combination, fig. 33A is a schematic structural diagram of the mobile phone 100 shown in fig. 32 in some implementations, and fig. 33B is a schematic internal structural diagram of the mobile phone 100 shown in fig. 33A.

In some implementations, the speaker 1001 can adopt the structure of the corresponding embodiment of fig. 28A and 28B. The speaker 1001 includes a pusher 1001a, a housing 1001c, a first driver 1001d, and a second driver 1001e. The housing 1001c is fixedly connected to the housing 1002 of the cellular phone 100. The first driving portion 1001d and the second driving portion 1001e press the pushing members 1001a in opposite directions under the control of the driving voltage, and the pressing direction is parallel to the top-to-bottom direction of the mobile phone 100. When the contact surface 1001b of the pushing member 1001a protrudes relative to the display 1003 and the pushing member 1001a is pressed to deform, the vibration direction of the contact surface 1001b of the pushing member 1001a is perpendicular to the display 1003, so that the bone or cartilage of the user is pushed to vibrate, and the user feels.

For example, the first driving portion 1001d and the second driving portion 1001e may provide driving force for piezoelectric sheets, that is, using a piezoelectric driving method. Alternatively, the first driving unit 1001d and the second driving unit 1001e may provide driving force by other driving methods, for example, moving coil driving, electromagnetic driving, ultrasonic motor driving, moving iron driving, and the like, and may convert electric energy into mechanical energy. Illustratively, the speaker 1001 may further include a matching layer (not shown) fixed to the contact surface 1001b of the push member 1001a to increase the sound wave transmission efficiency.

Referring to fig. 34, fig. 34 is a schematic structural diagram of the mobile phone 100 shown in fig. 32 in another implementation manner.

In other implementations, the speaker 1001 may be entirely designed as a transparent film, and the speaker 1001 is fixed on the display 1003. In this case, the display 1003 may adopt a full screen design to improve the screen occupation ratio of the mobile phone 100. When the speaker 1001 receives the driving signal, the pusher 1001a of the speaker 1001 pushes the bone or cartilage of the user to vibrate, so that the user feels an auditory sensation. The contact surface 1001b of the pushing member 1001a is located on a side of the pushing member 1001a opposite to the display 1003. A matching layer (not shown) may be disposed on the contact surface 1001b of the push member 1001a to improve the transmission efficiency of the acoustic wave.

In some embodiments, the speaker 1001 may further include a damper 1001f, and the damper 1001f is located on a mounting side of the speaker 1001, and the mounting side of the speaker 1001 is a side of the speaker 1001 for being fixed on the mobile phone 100. The damping member 1001f is used to isolate the push member 1001a of the speaker 1001 from the display 1003, so as to weaken direct transmission of force between the push member 1001a and the display 1003, thereby reducing external radiation and sound leakage of the speaker 1001.

In some embodiments, the damping member may be a damping material, such as foam, damping silicone, viscoelastic silicone, or the like. The foam may be ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) foam. In other embodiments, the damping member may be a support rod, a support column, or the like to reduce the contact area, thereby reducing the transmission of energy and weakening the direct transmission of force between the pushing member 1001a and the display screen 1003. It will be appreciated that in some embodiments, the damping member may also employ both damping materials and structural designs to better reduce energy transmission.

Referring to fig. 35A, fig. 35A is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic apparatus shown in fig. 1 in another embodiment.

In some embodiments, the electronic device may be a headset 200. For example, the electronic device may be an in-ear headphone, and the headset 200 may be a wired headset or a wireless headset. The headphone 200 includes an earplug 2001, and the speaker 2002 is mounted to the earplug 2001 and exposed opposite the earplug 2001. Drive of the speaker 2002 referring to the above description, the push member 2002a of the speaker 2002 is exposed from the ear plug 2001 for contacting the user, the material of the push member 2002a is adapted to the drive of the speaker 2002, and the push member 2002a may be made of a piezoelectric polymer material, a dielectric polymer material, an electromagnetic polymer material, or a general polymer material.

When a user wears the earphone 200 and uses the earphone 200, the pushing piece 2002a contacts the cartilage of the human ear, the pushing piece 2002a vibrates under the control of the driving signal, and sound waves are transmitted to the cartilage of the human ear to generate the auditory sensation. In this embodiment, the earphone 200 realizes sound wave transmission by cartilage conduction, which can increase low-frequency hearing and improve signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, the earphone 200 has a natural condition with the human ear base, and thus has a better cartilage conduction effect and experience.

Illustratively, the pusher 2002a may be designed as a ring, and the pusher 2002a may be located substantially at the edge of the earplug 2001 to more closely contact the cartilage of the human ear to create a more pronounced auditory sensation.

In some embodiments, the pusher 2002a may be provided with a matching layer (not shown) on the contact surface 2002b facing away from the earplug 2001 to improve the acoustic transmission efficiency. In some embodiments, the pusher 2002a may be secured to the earplug 2001 by an adhesive attachment, a thin rim attachment, a fastener (e.g., a rivet or screw, etc.), or the like.

In some embodiments, the earphone 200 may also include an air conduction speaker 2003, the air conduction speaker 2003 may transmit sound waves through the space inside the pusher 2002 a. An air conduction speaker 2003 can be used in conjunction with the speaker 2002 to enhance the overall audio effect of the headset 200. The air conduction speaker 2003 may be driven by, but not limited to, moving coil driving, electromagnetic driving, piezoelectric driving, ultrasonic motor driving, moving iron driving, and the like.

Referring to fig. 35B, fig. 35B is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic apparatus shown in fig. 1 in another embodiment. Most technical features of the electronic device shown in this embodiment are the same as those of the electronic device shown in fig. 35A, and the main differences between the two are as follows: in this embodiment, the pusher 2002a of the speaker 2002 may be circular and the speaker 2002 may not be used with an air conduction speaker.

Referring to fig. 36, fig. 36 is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic device shown in fig. 1 in another embodiment.

In some embodiments, the electronic device may be a headset 300. For example, the electronic device may be an ear-pressing headset (also referred to as a full-pack headset), and the headset 300 may be a wired headset or a wireless headset. The headset 300 may include a head rail 3001 and two ear cups 3002, with speakers 3003 mounted to the ear cups 3002 and exposed opposite the ear cups 3002. Drive for speaker 3003 referring to the description above, the push member 3003a of speaker 3003 is exposed with respect to ear cup 3002 for contacting the user, the material of push member 3003a is compatible with the drive for speaker 3003, and the push member 3003a may be a piezoelectric polymer material, a dielectric polymer material, an electromagnetic polymer material, or a general polymer material.

When a user wears the earphone 300 and uses the earphone 300, the pusher 3003a contacts the human ear, the pusher 3003a vibrates under the control of the driving signal, and the sound wave is transmitted to the bone or cartilage of the human body to generate the auditory sensation. In this embodiment, the earphone 300 realizes sound wave transmission by bone conduction or cartilage conduction, which can increase low-frequency hearing and improve signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, the earphone 300 has natural conditions with the human ear base, and thus has better bone conduction or cartilage conduction effect and experience.

Referring to fig. 37A and 37B in combination, fig. 37A is a schematic view of an inner structure of the ear muff 3002 of the earphone 300 shown in fig. 36 in some embodiments, and fig. 37B is a schematic view of the structure shown in fig. 37A at another angle.

In some embodiments, earmuffs 3002 can comprise a housing 3004 and speakers 3003. The housing 3004 is used to connect the head beams 3001, and one side of the housing 3004 is opened. The speaker 3003 is mounted inside the housing 3004. In fig. 37A and 37B, the speaker 3003 of the ear cup 3002 is illustrated in the same or similar configuration as the embodiment shown in fig. 25A to 25C. For example, speaker 3003 includes a frame 3003b, a diaphragm 3003c, a piezoelectric plate 3003d, and a pushing member 3003a, where frame 3003b is fixedly connected to housing 3004, a periphery of diaphragm 3003c is fixed to frame 3003b, piezoelectric plate 3003d is fixed to a middle portion of diaphragm 3003c and located on a side of diaphragm 3003c facing frame 3003b, pushing member 3003a is fixed to a middle portion of diaphragm 3003c and located on a side of diaphragm 3003c facing away from frame 3003b, and pushing member 3003a is exposed with respect to housing 3004. Contact surface 3003e of pusher 3003a is located on the side of pusher 3003a remote from diaphragm 3003 c.

In some embodiments, ear cup 3002 can further include a flexible enclosure 3005, where flexible enclosure 3005 can be fixedly attached to housing 3004, where flexible enclosure 3005 is disposed around pusher 3003a, where flexible enclosure 3005 is configured to promote comfort to a user when wearing headset 300. The flexible enclosure 3005 may be made of a flexible material such as foam.

Referring to fig. 38, fig. 38 is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic apparatus shown in fig. 1 in another embodiment.

In some embodiments, the electronic device may be a headset 400. For example, the electronic device may be an open headset and the headset 400 may be a wired headset or a wireless headset. The earphone 400 may include a suspension portion 4001 and a sound emitting portion 4002 connected to one end of the suspension portion 4001, the suspension portion 4001 being for suspension from the pinna of the user, and a speaker 4003 being mounted to the sound emitting portion 4002 and being exposed with respect to the sound emitting portion 4002. Driving mode of speaker 4003 referring to the related description above, a push member 4003a of speaker 4003 is exposed relative to sound emitting portion 4002 for contacting a user, the material of push member 4003a is adapted to the driving mode of speaker 4003, and push member 4003a may be made of piezoelectric polymer material, dielectric polymer material, electromagnetic polymer material, or general polymer material.

When a user wears the earphone 400 and uses the earphone 400, the pushing piece 4003a vibrates under the control of the driving signal, and the pushing piece 4003a pushes the cartilage at the mouth of the ear canal to vibrate or pushes the bone near the mouth of the ear canal to vibrate, so that sound waves are transmitted to the cartilage or the bone of the human body to generate the auditory sensation. In this embodiment, the earphone 400 realizes sound wave transmission by bone conduction or cartilage conduction, so that low-frequency hearing can be increased and signal-to-noise ratio can be improved. In addition, the earphone 400 of the present embodiment can keep the ear canal open during the wearing process, thereby increasing the wearing comfort and alleviating the stuffy feeling of the ear canal.

In some embodiments, the headset 400 may further include a driving portion 4004 connected to the other end of the suspension portion 4001, and a bluetooth chip, a battery, or the like may be provided in the driving portion 4004. In some other embodiments, the earphone 400 may include a neckline, a control box, two hanging portions 4001 and two sound emitting portions 4002, wherein the other ends of the two hanging portions 4001 far away from the sound emitting portion 4002 are respectively connected to two ends of the neckline, the control box may be disposed in the middle of the neckline, or disposed at the connection between the neckline and the hanging portions 4001, which is not strictly limited in this application.

An implementation of the speaker 4003 is explained below as an example.

Referring to fig. 39A and 39B in combination, fig. 39A is a schematic view of a usage environment of the speaker 4003 of the headset 400 shown in fig. 38 in some possible implementations, and fig. 39B is a schematic view of the structure shown in fig. 39A at another angle. In fig. 39A and 39B, an environment of a human ear is constructed by modeling, a flat plate structure in the figure may correspond to human skin, and a three-dimensional artificial ear structure on the flat plate structure corresponds to the human ear.

The speaker 4003 of this embodiment is illustrated by taking the same structure as or a similar structure to the speaker 6 shown in fig. 28A and 28B as an example. For example, speaker 4003 includes a first driving portion 4003b, a second driving portion 4003c, and a pusher 4003a, and first driving portion 4003b and second driving portion 4003c are located on both sides of pusher 4003a, respectively, and press pusher 4003a toward each other. Pusher 4003a is for contacting the oral cartilage of the ear canal.

Referring to fig. 40A and 40B in combination, fig. 40A is a schematic view of a usage environment of the speaker 4003 of the earphone 400 shown in fig. 38 in other possible implementations, and fig. 40B is a schematic view of the structure shown in fig. 40A at another angle. In fig. 40A and 40B, an environment of a human ear is constructed by a modeling manner, a flat plate structure in the figure may correspond to human skin, and a three-dimensional artificial ear structure on the flat plate structure corresponds to a human ear.

The speaker 4003 of this embodiment is illustrated by taking the same structure as or a similar structure to the speaker 4 illustrated in fig. 25A to 25C as an example. For example, speaker 4003 includes a diaphragm 4003b, a piezoelectric plate 4003c, and a pushing member 4003a stacked, and pushing member 4003a contacts bone near the ear canal orifice. Illustratively, speaker 4003 may have a square shape and impeller 4003a may have a corresponding square shape.

Referring to fig. 41, fig. 41 is a schematic diagram of an environment for using the speaker 4003 of the headset 400 shown in fig. 38 in other possible implementations. The technical features of this implementation are mostly the same as those of the implementations shown in fig. 40A and 40B, and the main differences between them are: in this implementation, speaker 4003 can be circular and its impeller can be correspondingly circular. In other implementations, the speaker 4003 and the pushing member thereof may have other shapes such as an oval shape, a prism shape, and the like, which is not strictly limited in the embodiments of the present application.

Referring to fig. 42A and 42B in combination, fig. 42A is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic apparatus shown in fig. 1 in another embodiment, and fig. 42B is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic apparatus shown in fig. 1 in another embodiment.

In some embodiments, the electronic device may be a stylus 500, with speaker 5001 mounted on top of stylus 500 and exposed relative to stylus 500. Drive mode of the speaker 5001 referring to the above description, the driving member 5001a of the speaker 5001 is used for contacting a user, the material of the driving member 5001a is compatible with the drive mode of the speaker 5001, and the driving member 5001a may be made of a piezoelectric polymer material, a dielectric polymer material, an electromagnetic polymer material, or a general polymer material.

When a user uses the stylus 500, the pushing element 5001a can be pressed on the cartilage of the ear or the bone of the user, the pushing element 5001a vibrates under the control of the driving signal, and the pushing element 5001a pushes the cartilage to vibrate or pushes the bone to vibrate, so that sound waves are transmitted to the cartilage or the bone of the user to generate an auditory sensation. In this embodiment, the earphone 400 realizes sound wave transmission by bone conduction or cartilage conduction, so that low-frequency hearing can be increased and signal-to-noise ratio can be improved.

Illustratively, as shown in FIG. 42A, the pusher 5001a of the speaker 5001 may have a hemispherical shape and wrap around the top end of the stylus 500. As shown in fig. 42B, the pushing element 5001a of the speaker 5001 may also be in a ring shape, and the pushing element 5001a may surround the top of the stylus 500, for example, may surround a rod-shaped portion of the top of the stylus 500. In other embodiments, pusher 5001a may have a different mounting location in stylus 500, which is not strictly limited in the embodiments of the present application.

The stylus pen 500 may be wirelessly connected to a terminal device such as a mobile phone or a tablet, and the terminal device may implement functions such as communication and audio playing through the stylus pen 500. Illustratively, the stylus pen 500 may further be provided with a microphone (not shown in the figure) to implement voice pickup, so that the terminal device may perform functions of talking, voice input, and the like through the stylus pen 500.

Referring to fig. 43A and 43B in combination, fig. 43A is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic device shown in fig. 1 in other embodiments, and fig. 43B is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic device shown in fig. 1 in other embodiments.

In some embodiments, the electronic device may be a smartphone case 600, and the speaker 6001 is mounted on top of the smartphone case 600 and exposed relative to the smartphone case 600. Driving mode of the speaker 6001 referring to the above description, the push member 6001a of the speaker 6001 is used for contacting the user, the material of the push member 6001a is adapted to the driving mode of the speaker 6001, and the push member 6001a may be made of a piezoelectric polymer material, a dielectric polymer material, an electromagnetic polymer material, or a common polymer material.

The outside at the cell-phone can be established to smart mobile phone shell 600 cover, and the cell-phone can realize the broadcast through speaker 6001 on the smart mobile phone shell 600. During use, the pusher member 6001a of the speaker 6001 on the smartphone case 600 contacts the user, and sound wave transmission is achieved by bone conduction or cartilage conduction, thereby causing the user to feel.

Illustratively, as shown in fig. 43A, the speaker 6001 may be mounted on a straight edge of the top of the smartphone case 600. As shown in fig. 43B, a speaker 6001 may also be mounted at the corner of the top of the smartphone case 600. In other embodiments, the speaker 6001 may be installed at other positions of the smartphone case 600, which is not strictly limited in this embodiment. It is understood that the shape of the speaker 6001 and its pusher member 6001a may be designed to accommodate the shape of the smartphone case 600.

The smart phone case 600 may further include a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface or a bluetooth chip to implement communication connection with a mobile phone, so as to transmit an audio signal.

Referring to fig. 44 in combination, fig. 44 is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic device shown in fig. 1 in another embodiment.

In some embodiments, the electronic device may be a smart glasses 700, the smart glasses 700 including a frame 7001 and a temple 7002 connected to the frame 7001, and the speaker 7003 is mounted to the temple 7002 and exposed to the temple 7002. Driving manner of the speaker 7003 referring to the above description, the push member 7003a of the speaker 7003 is used to contact a user, the material of the push member 7003a is adapted to the driving manner of the speaker 7003, and the push member 7003a may be made of a piezoelectric polymer material, a dielectric polymer material, an electromagnetic polymer material, or a general polymer material.

Among other things, the speakers 7003 may be mounted at the ends of the temples 7002 remote from the frame 7001 so that the pushers 7003a contact the tissues around the user's ear canal when the user wears the smart glasses 700. When the speaker 7003 receives the driving signal, the pushing member 7003a can push the user's bone to vibrate, thereby making the user feel audible.

Referring to fig. 45A and 45B in combination, fig. 45A is a schematic structural diagram of the speaker 7003 of the smart glasses 700 shown in fig. 44 in some implementations, and fig. 45B is a schematic internal structural diagram of the speaker 7003 shown in fig. 45A.

In some implementations, the speaker 7003 may be cylindrical. Here, the speaker 7003 is illustrated as an example of the same structure as or a similar structure to the speaker 2 illustrated in fig. 19A. For example, the speaker 7003 includes a push member 7003a, a first electrode 7003b, and a second electrode 7003c, the push member 7003a has a cylindrical structure, and the first electrode 7003b and the second electrode 7003c are fixed to both end surfaces of the push member 7003a, respectively. When the speaker 7003 receives an actuation signal, the first electrode 7003b and the second electrode 7003c press the pusher 7003a toward each other in the axial direction of the pusher 7003a (i.e., the direction in which the temples 7002 extend), and the pusher 7003a deforms and vibrates in the radial direction thereof. In the present implementation, since the temple 7002 is elongated, the axial dimension of the pusher 7003a is significantly larger than the radial dimension thereof, and the first and

second electrodes

7003b and 7003c compress the pusher 7003a by a small amount, the pusher 7003a can have a larger amount of deformation in the radial direction thereof, so that the performance of the speaker 7003 is better.

Here, the speaker 7003 may be assembled by bending a flexible plate-like structure into a cylindrical shape and then bonding the spliced positions to form a stable cylindrical structure. After the loudspeaker 7003 is sleeved on the glasses legs 7002, the relative position relationship between the loudspeaker 7003 and the glasses legs 7002 can be stable through a concave-convex matching structure between the loudspeaker 7003 and the glasses legs 7002 or a fastening ring fixing mode is additionally arranged, so that the situations that the loudspeaker 7003 deviates and falls off in the process that a user wears the intelligent glasses for a long time are avoided, and the reliability of the intelligent glasses 700 is high.

Referring to fig. 46, fig. 46 is a schematic structural diagram of the speaker 7003 of the smart glasses 700 shown in fig. 44 in another implementation manner. Most of the technical features of the speaker 7003 of this embodiment are the same as those of the speaker 7003 shown in fig. 45A and 45B, and the main differences are: the speaker 7003 of this implementation includes a plurality of vibration units 7003d stacked, each vibration unit 7003d includes a pushing member 7003a, a first electrode 7003b, and a second electrode 7003c, and other related designs may refer to the speaker 2 shown in fig. 21, which is not described herein again.

Referring to fig. 47, fig. 47 is a schematic structural diagram of the electronic apparatus shown in fig. 1 in another embodiment. The electronic device in this embodiment may be a pair of smart glasses 800, and most technical features of the pair of smart glasses 800 in this embodiment are the same as those of the pair of smart glasses 700 shown in fig. 44, and the main difference between the two features is: in the present embodiment, the speaker 8003 of the smart glasses 800 has a curved shape and a non-cylindrical structure, and the speaker 8003 is fixed to the inside of the temple 8002 so that the pusher 8003a of the speaker 8003 can contact the user when the user wears the smart glasses 800.

While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A loudspeaker comprising a base, a piezoelectric film fixed to the base, the piezoelectric film being formed of a piezoelectric polymer material having a young's modulus of 1GPa or less, the piezoelectric film having a contact surface for contacting a user, and a matching layer fixed to the contact surface of the piezoelectric film, wherein an acoustic impedance of the matching layer gradually approaches 1.5mpa s/m in a direction away from the piezoelectric film ³ ；

The acoustic impedance of the matching layer close to the surface layer of the piezoelectric film is the same as that of the piezoelectric film;

the matching layer comprises a plurality of first tooth parts and a plurality of second tooth parts, the first tooth parts and the second tooth parts are arranged in a staggered mode and connected with each other, the first tooth parts are triangular or trapezoidal, the second tooth parts are triangular or trapezoidal, the bottom edges of the first tooth parts and the bottom edges of the second tooth parts are arranged in an opposite mode, the bottom edges of the first tooth parts are located between the piezoelectric film and the bottom edges of the second tooth parts, and acoustic impedance of the first tooth parts is larger than 2MPa s/m ³ Acoustic impedance of the second tooth is 1.2MPa × s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Within the range.

2. The loudspeaker of claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric film comprises at least one first piezoelectric film layer and at least one second piezoelectric film layer stacked, the first piezoelectric film layer having a polarization direction in a same direction as the electric field, and the second piezoelectric film layer having a polarization direction opposite to the electric field.

3. The loudspeaker of claim 1, wherein the base is an annular frame, the periphery of the piezoelectric film is fixed to the base, and the middle portion of the piezoelectric film is capable of vibrating relative to the periphery of the piezoelectric film when the piezoelectric film is energized; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,

the piezoelectric film comprises a top surface and a bottom surface which are arranged oppositely, the bottom surface of the piezoelectric film is fixed on the base, and when the piezoelectric film is electrified, the top surface of the piezoelectric film can vibrate relative to the bottom surface of the piezoelectric film; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,

one end of the piezoelectric film is fixed on the base, the other end of the piezoelectric film is arranged in a suspended mode, and when the piezoelectric film is electrified, the other end of the piezoelectric film can vibrate relative to one end of the piezoelectric film; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,

the base is provided with a containing groove, the piezoelectric film comprises a first part and a second part, the first part of the piezoelectric film is contained in the containing groove, the second part of the piezoelectric film protrudes out of the base, and when the piezoelectric film is electrified, the second part of the piezoelectric film can vibrate along the groove depth direction of the containing groove.

4. The loudspeaker according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the piezoelectric polymer is a polyvinylidene fluoride material, a derivative of polyvinylidene fluoride, a copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride and vinyl fluoride, or a copolymer of polyvinylidene fluoride and propylene.

5. A loudspeaker comprises a pushing member, a first electrode and a second electrode, wherein the pushing member is made of a dielectric polymer material with the Young modulus of less than or equal to 1GPa, the pushing member comprises a first surface, a second surface and a third surface, the first surface and the second surface are arranged oppositely, the third surface is positioned between the first surface and the second surface, the first electrode is fixed on the first surface, the second electrode is fixed on the second surface, and the third surface is used for contacting a user;

when a potential difference is formed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first surface and the second surface are close to or far away from each other, so that the third surface generates vibration;

the push member has a contact surface for contacting a user, the speaker further includes a matching layer secured to the contact surface of the push member, the matching layer having an acoustic impedance approaching 1.5mpa s/m in a direction away from the push member ³ (ii) a The acoustic impedance of the surface layer of the matching layer close to the pushing piece is the same as that of the pushing piece; the matching layer comprises a plurality of first tooth parts and a plurality of second tooth parts, the first tooth parts and the second tooth parts are arranged in a staggered mode and connected with each other, the first tooth parts are triangular, the second tooth parts are triangular, the bottom edges of the first tooth parts and the bottom edges of the second tooth parts are arranged in an opposite mode, the bottom edges of the first tooth parts are located between the pushing part and the bottom edges of the second tooth parts, and acoustic impedance of the first tooth parts is larger than 2MPa s/m ³ Acoustic impedance of the second tooth is 1.2MPa × s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Within the range.

6. The loudspeaker in accordance with claim 5, wherein the dielectric polymer is silicon-based rubber material, carbon fiber material or carbon nanotube material.

7. A loudspeaker comprising a push member for contacting a user and a drive member for driving the push member to vibrate, the push member being formed of a polymeric material having a young's modulus of less than or equal to 1 GPa;

the push member has a contact surface for contacting a user, the speaker further includes a matching layer secured to the contact surface of the push member, the matching layer having an acoustic impedance approaching 1.5mpa s/m in a direction away from the push member ³ (ii) a The acoustic impedance of the surface layer of the matching layer close to the pushing piece is the same as that of the pushing piece; the matching layer comprises a plurality of first teeth and a plurality of second teethThe first tooth parts and the second tooth parts are arranged in a staggered mode and connected with each other, the first tooth parts are triangular, the second tooth parts are triangular, the bottom edges of the first tooth parts and the bottom edges of the second tooth parts are arranged in an opposite mode, the bottom edges of the first tooth parts are located between the pushing part and the bottom edges of the second tooth parts, and acoustic impedance of the first tooth parts is larger than 2MPa s/m ³ Acoustic impedance of the second tooth is 1.2MPa × s/m ³ To 2MPa s/m ³ Within the range.

8. The loudspeaker in accordance with claim 7, wherein the polymer material is a polyurethane material, a thermoplastic polyurethane material, a rubber material, a silicone material, a polyethylene terephthalate material, or a polyetherimide material.

9. The loudspeaker of claim 7 or 8, wherein the driving member comprises a frame, a diaphragm, and a piezoelectric plate, the periphery of the diaphragm is fixed to the frame, the piezoelectric plate is fixed to the middle of the diaphragm, the pushing member is in the shape of a film and fixed to a side of the piezoelectric plate facing away from the diaphragm or a side of the diaphragm facing away from the piezoelectric plate.

10. The loudspeaker of claim 7 or 8, wherein the driving member comprises a base, a piezoelectric plate, and a support member, the driving member is in the shape of a membrane, the periphery of the driving member is fixed to the base, one end of the piezoelectric plate is fixed to the base, and the support member is connected between the other end of the piezoelectric plate and the middle of the driving member.

11. The speaker of claim 7 or 8, wherein the driving member includes a frame, a first driving portion, and a second driving portion, one side of the frame is broken, the pushing member is located inside the frame, the pushing member includes four sides, three sides of the pushing member are connected to the frame, the other side of the pushing member protrudes from the frame, the first driving portion and the second driving portion are located on opposite sides of the pushing member, respectively, and the first driving portion and the second driving portion are configured to press the pushing member toward each other, so that the side of the pushing member protruding from the frame vibrates.

12. The loudspeaker of claim 7 or 8, wherein the driving member comprises a basin frame, an outer yoke, a center yoke, a magnet, a driving plate, and a voice coil, the pushing member is shaped like a film, the pushing member is fixed to the basin frame at its periphery, the outer yoke is fixedly connected to the basin frame and located on a side of the basin frame away from the pushing member, the center yoke and the magnet are located on an inner side of the outer yoke, a magnetic gap is formed between the center yoke and the outer yoke, the magnet is located between the center yoke and the outer yoke, the driving plate is fixed to a side of the pushing member close to the center yoke, one end of the voice coil is fixed to the driving plate, and the other end of the voice coil is located at the magnetic gap.

13. The loudspeaker according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the driving member comprises a casing, an outer yoke, a magnet, a center yoke, and a voice coil, the pushing member is in the shape of a film, the periphery of the pushing member is connected to the casing and can vibrate relative to the casing, the outer yoke is fixed to one side of the pushing member, the magnet is fixed to one side of the outer yoke facing away from the pushing member and located inside the outer yoke, the center yoke is fixed to one side of the magnet facing away from the pushing member and located inside the outer yoke, a magnetic gap is formed between the center yoke and the outer yoke, one end of the voice coil is located in the magnetic gap, and the other end of the voice coil is fixed to the casing.

14. The loudspeaker according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the driving member comprises an outer yoke, an electromagnet and a central yoke, the central yoke and the electromagnet are located inside the outer yoke, a magnetic gap is formed between the central yoke and the outer yoke, the electromagnet is located between the central yoke and the outer yoke, the pushing member is made of magnetic polymer and located in the magnetic gap, and the pushing member is used for generating vibration in a direction perpendicular to the central yoke under the driving of a magnetic field.

15. The loudspeaker according to claim 14, wherein the magnetic polymer is 1-vinylimidazole material, or the magnetic polymer is a polymer doped with magnetic particles.

16. An electronic device, characterized in that it comprises a loudspeaker according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the electronic device is a mobile phone, and wherein the speaker is mounted on a top of the mobile phone and exposed relative to the mobile phone.

18. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the electronic device is a headset;

the earphone comprises an earmuff, and the loudspeaker is mounted on the earmuff and is exposed relative to the earmuff; alternatively, the earphone comprises an earplug, and the loudspeaker is mounted on the earplug and is exposed relative to the earplug; or, the earphone comprises a hanging part and a sound emitting part connected to one end of the hanging part, the hanging part is used for being hung on the auricle of a user, and the loudspeaker is installed on the sound emitting part and is exposed relative to the sound emitting part.

19. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the electronic device is a stylus pen, and wherein the speaker is mounted on a top portion of the stylus pen and exposed with respect to the stylus pen.

20. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the electronic device is a smartphone case, and wherein the speaker is mounted on a top portion of the smartphone case and exposed relative to the smartphone case.

21. The electronic device according to claim 16, wherein the electronic device is a pair of smart glasses, the pair of smart glasses includes a frame and a temple connected to the frame, and the speaker is mounted to the temple and exposed with respect to the temple.