JPWO2005006809A1 - Piezoelectric vibration generator and vibration sound transmitter using the same - Google Patents

Piezoelectric vibration generator and vibration sound transmitter using the same Download PDF

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JPWO2005006809A1
JPWO2005006809A1 JP2005503842A JP2005503842A JPWO2005006809A1 JP WO2005006809 A1 JPWO2005006809 A1 JP WO2005006809A1 JP 2005503842 A JP2005503842 A JP 2005503842A JP 2005503842 A JP2005503842 A JP 2005503842A JP WO2005006809 A1 JPWO2005006809 A1 JP WO2005006809A1
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vibration
piezoelectric
piezoelectric vibrator
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清明 掛川
清明 掛川
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SHIMADA MANAGE DEVELOPMENT CO.,LTD.
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R25/00—Deaf-aid sets, i.e. electro-acoustic or electro-mechanical hearing aids; Electric tinnitus maskers providing an auditory perception
    • H04R25/60—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles
    • H04R25/604—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles of acoustic or vibrational transducers
    • H04R25/606—Mounting or interconnection of hearing aid parts, e.g. inside tips, housings or to ossicles of acoustic or vibrational transducers acting directly on the eardrum, the ossicles or the skull, e.g. mastoid, tooth, maxillary or mandibular bone, or mechanically stimulating the cochlea, e.g. at the oval window
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers

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  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
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  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

課題圧電型振動子を中央付近で一点支持し、端部を自由振動させることにより十分な大きさの振動を得る。解決手段入力信号が加えられる圧電型振動子１２と、圧電型振動子からの振動を伝達される振動板１１と、圧電型振動子１２の中央付近にその一端を固着され且つ他端を振動板１１に固着され結合する結合手段１３とを備え、結合手段１３は振動減衰膜２１で支持され、前記圧電型振動子の振動をほぼ前記結合手段を介して前記振動板に伝達される圧電型振動発生器を実現する。The present invention obtains a sufficiently large vibration by supporting a piezoelectric vibrator at one point near the center and freely vibrating the end portion. SOLUTION: A piezoelectric vibrator 12 to which an input signal is applied, a diaphragm 11 to which vibration from the piezoelectric vibrator is transmitted, one end of which is fixed near the center of the piezoelectric vibrator 12, and the other end is a diaphragm. And a coupling means 13 that is fixedly coupled to the coupling 11 and is supported by a vibration damping film 21. The piezoelectric vibration is transmitted to the diaphragm substantially through the coupling means. Realize the generator.

Description

本発明は圧電型振動子を用いることにより軽量且つ小型化を可能にした圧電型振動発生器及びこれを用いた振動送音器に関する。  The present invention relates to a piezoelectric vibration generator that can be reduced in weight and size by using a piezoelectric vibrator and a vibration sound transmitter using the piezoelectric vibration generator.

従来のヘッドフォンあるいは補聴器等は音声を発生するイヤフォンを耳介に挿入し、イヤフォンなどから発生する音で鼓膜を振動させる。そして鼓膜の振動を中耳及び耳小骨を介して聴覚器官に伝達し、聴覚神経を通って脳に届き音として感じるように構成されていた。
このように従来のヘッドフォンあるいは補聴器等はイヤフォンを耳介に挿入していたので、長時間使用すると耳介が塞がれるために疲労感を感じていた。また、聴覚器官に達するまでの鼓膜、中耳あるいは耳小骨が病気等で損傷しているときには音を全く聞くことができない。
斯かる欠点を解消するために、例えば特開昭５５−７４２９０号公報に記載されているように骨導型受話器が開発されている。
図１５は従来の骨導型受話器である。磁束発生装置１はコイル１ａと磁石とヨーク１ｂ等により構成されている。振動板２は支持装置３に支持され、磁束発生装置１にて振動される。圧電振動装置４は振動板２に連結され、振動板２と同一振動を行う面４ａと圧電振動装置４の圧電機構が入力信号により駆動され、面４ａに対して独自の振動する面４ｂとを有する。
図１６に示すように、圧電振動装置４は基部６が第一の連結体７により連結され、振動板２と同一振動を行う。圧電振動子８は支持部９により基部６に取り付けられている。圧電振動子８は第２の連結体１１によって加振板１０に連結され、加振板１０の上面は頭や顔などの外部当接部５に接触し振動を外部当接部５に伝える。
磁束発生装置１及び圧電装置８が入力信号にが加えられると、磁束発生装置１及び圧電装置８が同時に振動して加振板１０を振動させ、その振動を耳近くの頬等の外部当接部に伝え、骨導を介して聴覚器官に伝達し、さらに脳へ伝え音として感じさせている。Conventional headphones or hearing aids insert an earphone that generates sound into the auricle and vibrate the eardrum with sound generated from the earphone or the like. And the vibration of the eardrum was transmitted to the auditory organ through the middle ear and the ear ossicles, and reached the brain through the auditory nerve and felt as a sound.
As described above, since the conventional headphones or hearing aids insert the earphones into the auricle, they feel tired because the auricle is blocked when used for a long time. Also, when the eardrum, middle ear or ear ossicles that reach the auditory organ are damaged due to illness or the like, no sound can be heard.
In order to eliminate such drawbacks, a bone-conduction type receiver has been developed as described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-74290.
FIG. 15 shows a conventional bone-conduction type handset. The magnetic flux generator 1 includes a coil 1a, a magnet, a yoke 1b, and the like. The diaphragm 2 is supported by the support device 3 and is vibrated by the magnetic flux generator 1. The piezoelectric vibration device 4 is connected to the vibration plate 2, and a surface 4 a that performs the same vibration as the vibration plate 2 and a surface 4 b that vibrates uniquely with respect to the surface 4 a are driven by a piezoelectric mechanism of the piezoelectric vibration device 4. Have.
As shown in FIG. 16, in the piezoelectric vibration device 4, the base portion 6 is connected by the first connecting body 7 and performs the same vibration as the diaphragm 2. The piezoelectric vibrator 8 is attached to the base portion 6 by a support portion 9. The piezoelectric vibrator 8 is connected to the vibration plate 10 by the second connecting body 11, and the upper surface of the vibration plate 10 contacts the external contact portion 5 such as the head and face to transmit the vibration to the external contact portion 5.
When the magnetic flux generator 1 and the piezoelectric device 8 are added to the input signal, the magnetic flux generator 1 and the piezoelectric device 8 vibrate simultaneously to vibrate the vibration plate 10, and the vibration comes into contact with the outside such as a cheek near the ear. It is transmitted to the part, transmitted to the auditory organ through bone conduction, and further transmitted to the brain to make it feel as a sound.

発明が解決しようとする課題Problems to be solved by the invention

従来の骨導型受話器は上述したように、圧電振動装置では圧電型振動子を面で支持しており、圧電型振動子が十分に振動しないのでイヤフォンとしての役目を果たさない。そのため圧電型振動子単独あるいは圧電型振動子と電磁型振動装置を併用して用いていたが、電磁型振動装置はコイル及び磁石などを必要としたので、大型化し且つ重くなった。
また、電磁型振動装置ではコイルに電流を流す必要があったので、電力消費が大きくなり電池で駆動される携帯用には不向きであった。
さらに補聴器において、マイクロフォンを一体に内蔵した場合に、振動板が振動することにより発生する音がマイクロフォンに帰還され、ハウリングを起こす恐れがあるため、振動板とマイクロフォンとを一体に内蔵することはできなかった。As described above, the conventional bone-conduction type handset supports the piezoelectric vibrator on the surface in the piezoelectric vibration device, and the piezoelectric vibrator does not vibrate sufficiently, so that it does not serve as an earphone. For this reason, a piezoelectric vibrator alone or a combination of a piezoelectric vibrator and an electromagnetic vibration device has been used. However, the electromagnetic vibration device requires a coil, a magnet, and the like, and thus becomes large and heavy.
In addition, since it is necessary to pass a current through the coil in the electromagnetic vibration device, power consumption is increased and it is not suitable for portable use driven by a battery.
Furthermore, in a hearing aid, when a microphone is built in, the sound generated by the vibration of the diaphragm is fed back to the microphone, which may cause howling. Therefore, the diaphragm and the microphone cannot be built in. There wasn't.

課題を解決するための手段Means for solving the problem

本発明は圧電型振動子を中央付近で支持することにより、圧電型振動子の端部を自由振動させ、入力信号で十分に振動させることができる圧電型振動発生器を実現するものである。
特に、本発明は入力信号が加えられる圧電型振動子と、前記圧電型振動子からの振動を伝達される振動板と、前記圧電型振動子と前記振動板とを結合する結合手段とを備え、前記圧電型振動子の振動を前記結合手段を介して前記振動板に伝達される圧電型振動発生器を提供する。
本発明は前記結合手段が前記圧電型振動子の中央付近にその一端を固着され且つ他端を前記振動板に固着され、前記圧電型振動子の端部は前記入力信号に応じて自由に振動させる圧電型振動発生器を提供する。
本発明は前記圧電型振動子の端部が前記入力信号に応じて振動し、前記圧電型振動子及び前記圧電型振動子の端部に設けた重りで加速エネルギーを発生させ、その加速度エネルギーを前記結合手段を介して前記振動板に伝達する圧電型振動発生器を提供する。
本発明は前記圧電型振動子が前記入力信号に応じて振動し、過大な前記入力振動を印加されたときに前記圧電型振動子の入力電圧と振幅の非直線特性を用いて一定の値以下の振動に抑制できる圧電型振動発生器を提供する。
本発明は入力信号が加えられる圧電型振動子と、前記圧電型振動子からの振動を伝達される振動板と、前記圧電型振動子と前記振動板とを結合する結合手段とを備え、前記結合手段はその一端を前記圧電型振動子の中央付近に設けた貫通孔に固定され、他端を前記振動板に固定され、前記圧電型振動子の振動を前記結合手段を介して前記振動板に伝達される圧電型振動発生器を提供する。
本発明は結合手段が皿丸ビス及び皿丸ナットを用い、前記圧電型振動子の前記貫通孔で点支持をして前記圧電型振動子の端部を自由に振動させ、前記圧電型振動子の振動の振幅を確保する圧電型振動発生器を提供する。
本発明は入力信号が加えられる圧電型振動子と、前記圧電型振動子からの振動を伝達される振動板と、前記圧電型振動子と前記振動板とを結合する結合手段とを備え、前記結合手段を振動減衰膜で支持し、前記圧電型振動子の振動をほぼ前記結合手段を介して前記振動板に伝達される圧電型振動発生器を提供する。
本発明は圧電型振動子を金属製の電極板と、その電極板の両面に取付けた２つの圧電素子で構成した圧電型振動発生器を提供する。
本発明は入力信号が加えられる圧電型振動子と、前記圧電型振動子からの振動を伝達される振動板と、前記圧電型振動子と前記振動板とを結合する結合手段と、
前記圧電型振動子を囲む振動遮蔽筐体と、端部を前記振動遮蔽筐体に固定して前記結合手段を支持する振動減衰膜と、前記振動遮蔽筐体の外側に設けたマイクロフォン及び制御回路とを備え、前記マイクロフォンからの入力信号を前記制御回路で増幅して前記圧電型振動子に印加し、前記圧電型振動子の振動を前記結合手段を介して前記振動板に伝達される振動送音器を提供する。
本発明は前記振動板は前記振動遮蔽筐体から露出され、前記振動板と前記振動遮蔽筐体の隙間を当接物で塞ぎ、前記圧電型振動子の振動を前記振動遮蔽筐体内で遮蔽し、前記マイクロフォンへの回り込みを防止することができる振動送音器を提供する。
本発明は前記振動遮蔽筐体に硬質ゴムあるいは鉄や銅などの質量が大きい材質を使用し、圧電型振動子の振動により振動遮蔽筐体が振動することを抑制したことを特徴とする振動送音器を提供する。The present invention realizes a piezoelectric vibration generator that can freely vibrate an end portion of a piezoelectric vibrator and sufficiently vibrate with an input signal by supporting the piezoelectric vibrator near the center.
In particular, the present invention includes a piezoelectric vibrator to which an input signal is applied, a diaphragm to which vibrations from the piezoelectric vibrator are transmitted, and a coupling means for coupling the piezoelectric vibrator and the diaphragm. And a piezoelectric vibration generator for transmitting the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator to the diaphragm via the coupling means.
In the present invention, the coupling means has one end fixed near the center of the piezoelectric vibrator and the other end fixed to the diaphragm, and the end of the piezoelectric vibrator vibrates freely according to the input signal. A piezoelectric vibration generator is provided.
In the present invention, the end of the piezoelectric vibrator vibrates in response to the input signal, and acceleration energy is generated by the weight provided at the end of the piezoelectric vibrator and the piezoelectric vibrator. A piezoelectric vibration generator for transmitting to the diaphragm via the coupling means is provided.
In the present invention, when the piezoelectric vibrator vibrates in response to the input signal and an excessive input vibration is applied, the non-linear characteristics of the input voltage and amplitude of the piezoelectric vibrator are used to make a certain value or less. Provided is a piezoelectric vibration generator that can be suppressed by vibrations of
The present invention includes a piezoelectric vibrator to which an input signal is applied, a vibration plate to which vibration from the piezoelectric vibrator is transmitted, and coupling means for coupling the piezoelectric vibrator and the vibration plate, The coupling means has one end fixed to a through hole provided near the center of the piezoelectric vibrator, the other end fixed to the diaphragm, and the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator is transmitted to the diaphragm via the coupling means. A piezoelectric vibration generator to be transmitted to
In the present invention, the coupling means uses a countersunk round screw and a countersunk round nut, supports the point by the through hole of the piezoelectric vibrator, and freely vibrates the end of the piezoelectric vibrator, and the piezoelectric vibrator A piezoelectric vibration generator for ensuring the amplitude of vibration is provided.
The present invention includes a piezoelectric vibrator to which an input signal is applied, a vibration plate to which vibration from the piezoelectric vibrator is transmitted, and coupling means for coupling the piezoelectric vibrator and the vibration plate, There is provided a piezoelectric vibration generator in which a coupling means is supported by a vibration damping film, and vibrations of the piezoelectric vibrator are transmitted to the diaphragm substantially through the coupling means.
The present invention provides a piezoelectric vibration generator comprising a piezoelectric vibrator made of a metal electrode plate and two piezoelectric elements attached to both surfaces of the electrode plate.
The present invention relates to a piezoelectric vibrator to which an input signal is applied, a vibration plate to which vibration from the piezoelectric vibrator is transmitted, a coupling means for coupling the piezoelectric vibrator and the vibration plate,
A vibration shielding case surrounding the piezoelectric vibrator, a vibration attenuating film that supports the coupling means by fixing an end portion to the vibration shielding case, a microphone provided outside the vibration shielding case, and a control circuit An input signal from the microphone is amplified by the control circuit and applied to the piezoelectric vibrator, and vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator is transmitted to the diaphragm via the coupling means. Provide sound equipment.
In the present invention, the diaphragm is exposed from the vibration shielding casing, and a gap between the diaphragm and the vibration shielding casing is closed with an abutment, and the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator is shielded in the vibration shielding casing. Provided is a vibratory sound transmitter capable of preventing the microphone from wrapping around.
According to the present invention, the vibration shielding casing is made of a hard rubber or a material having a large mass such as iron or copper, and the vibration shielding casing is prevented from vibrating due to the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator. Provide sound equipment.

図１〜図１３は本発明の圧電型振動発生器に関するもので、図１４は本発明の圧電型振動発生器を用いた振動送音器に関するものである。
図１は本発明の圧電型振動発生器の圧電型振動子と振動板との部分を示す断面図である。振動板１１に金属板で構成された結合手段１３の一端を接着し、圧電型振動子１２の一面に結合手段１３の他端を固定し、振動板１１と圧電型振動子１２とを結合手段１３で連結している。振動板１１の結合手段１３が連結されているのと反対面は耳介の近くの頬あるいは額等の外部当接部に接触するので、外部当接部に馴染む材質のものが良い。
図２（Ａ）及び図２（Ｂ）に示すように、圧電型振動子１２はピエゾ効果を有するチタンサンバリュームあるいはセラミック等の２つの圧電素子１４Ａ、１４Ａを電極板１４Ｂの両面に張り合わせて形成している。このとき電極板１４Ｂは圧電素子１４Ａ、１４Ａより大きく形成され、周端を圧電素子１４Ａ、１４Ａから突出させる構造にしている。
さらに電極板１４Ｂの端部に金属小片やハンダ等で重り１４Ｂ１、１４Ｂ１を設け、後述するように、圧電型振動子１２が前記入力信号に応じて振動する際に、重り１４Ｂ１、１４Ｂ１による反動で加速度エネルギーを増幅して、その加速度エネルギーを結合手段１３を介して振動板１１に伝達されるようにしている。
一例を示すと、圧電素子１４Ａ、１４Ａの長さは３０ｍｍ、幅は８ｍｍ、厚さは０．２ｍｍである。一方電極板１４Ｂは長さ３２ｍｍ、幅は９ｍｍ、厚さは０．２ｍｍである。従って圧電型振動子１２は長さ３２ｍｍ、幅は９ｍｍ、厚さは０．６ｍｍとなる。
また圧電型振動子１２の全重量は約６ｇで、そのうち重り１４Ｂ１、１４Ｂ１はそれぞれ２ｇである。
圧電素子１４Ａ、１４Ａは図２（Ｂ）に示すように両面にＡｇメッキ１４Ａ１を施してあり、Ａｇメッキを施した一面を電極板１４Ｂに貼り付け、外側のＡｇメッキ１４Ａ１に電極１４ａ、１４ａを形成し、この電極１４ａ、１４ａは接続されている。 電極板１４Ｂは圧電素子１４Ａの補強を兼ねたもので、黄銅等の金属板で形成されている。入力信号は上述した電極１４ａ、１４ａと電極板１４Ｂの圧電素子１４Ａ、１４Ａから突出させ周端に設けた電極１４ｂ間に印加される。
電極１４ａ、１４ａ及び電極１４ｂは振動を阻害しないように、圧電型振動子１２の中心付近に設けられ、そこからリード線で引き出される。
電極板１４Ｂの両面に圧電素子１４Ａ、１４Ａを貼り付けたのは、圧電素子１４Ａ、１４Ａがピエゾ効果で歪むことにより得られる加速度エネルギーが倍加されて振動が大きくなり、振動板１１に十分な振動を供給できるからである。
通常、圧電型振動子１２はピエゾ効果により中央部が腹となり、両端付近が節となって振動をするが、振動板１１は外部当接部に接触させた本発明の使用状態では、振動板１１が固定されるので、振動板１１と結合された結合手段１３で支持されている圧電型振動子１２の中心部分は固定され、圧電型振動子１２の両端部が自由振動されるように動作する。従って、圧電型振動子１２の中央付近を結合手段１３で一点支持すると、圧電型振動子１２は何らの振動を抑制するものがないので効率よく自由振動を行うことができる。
図３（Ａ）に示すように、圧電型振動子１２の電極１４ａ及び１４ｂに入力信号が加えられていないとき、圧電型振動子１２は平らな状態にある。
図３（Ｂ）に示すように、入力信号の＋信号がリード線Ｌ１を介して電極１４ａに加えられ、−信号がリード線Ｌ２を介して電極１４ｂに加えられると、圧電型振動子１２は中央部が結合手段１３で固定されているので、両端部が上方にピエゾ効果により歪む。
図３（Ｃ）に示すように、入力信号の−信号が電極１４ａに加えられ、＋信号が電極１４ｂに加えられると、圧電型振動子１２は中央が固定されているので、今度は両端部が下方にピエゾ効果により歪む。
このように電極１４ａ、１４ｂに入力信号が加えられる度に、圧電型振動子の両端部が入力信号に応じて上下方向に自由振動する際に、重り１４Ｂ１，１４Ｂ１により加速度エネルギーを増幅させる。結合手段１３には発生された加速度エネルギーが伝達され、振動板１１を介して人体の頬あるいは額等の外部当接部に音の大きさに応じた振動を伝達する。外部当接部に伝達された振動は骨に伝導し、骨を介し内耳近くの聴覚器官に伝達され、聴覚神経を経て脳に伝わり音を感じる。
本発明では振動発生源として圧電型振動子１２を用いており、圧電素子１４Ａ、１４Ａの両面に設けた電極１４ａ、１４ａと１４ｂ間に電圧を印加する電圧駆動型であるので消費電力が少なく、電池駆動を行う携帯用のヘッドフォンや補聴器に最適である。
本発明の圧電型振動発生器は圧電型振動子１２を圧電素子１４Ａに黄銅板等の電極板１４Ｂを張り合わせた構造となっており、大きな音が発生し、マイクロフォン等を介して圧電型振動子の電極に大きな入力信号が加わっても、電極板１４Ｂの曲げに対する抵抗が指数的に増加するので圧電型振動子の振動が抑えられる。図４に示すように、圧電型振動子１２に加える交流印加電圧を徐々に高めると、圧電型振動子１２の振幅は曲線ａに示すようにほぼ直線的に増加する筈であるが、曲線ｂに示すように電極板１４Ｂの曲げに対する抵抗力（応力）が曲線ｃに示したように、大振幅時に急増するため５〜６Ｖのあたりを境に急に伸びが止まり、９〜１０Ｖあたりからは飽和状態となって振幅は抑えられる。
即ち前述した図４において、鎖線ａは圧電素子１４Ａに加えられる交流電圧と振幅の関係を示すもので、圧電素子１４Ａは加えられる交流入力電圧に対して振幅が一定の割合で直線的に増加する。一方黄銅板等の電極板１４Ｂは点線ｂで示すように、振動が小さいときには振動を阻止する応力が小さいが、振動が大きくなると指数的に応力が増大する。従って実線ｃに示すように、圧電型振動子１２は圧電素子１４Ａが加えられる交流入力電圧に対して直線的に増大しようとするが、交流入力電圧が大きくなると電極板１４Ｂの応力が大きくなるので、圧電素子１４Ａと電極板１４Ｂを張り合わせた本発明に用いた圧電型振動子１２は振幅が直線的に大きくならず一定の値の交流入力電圧から飽和する特性を機械的に創出できる。
従って圧電型振動子１２が入力信号の大きさに比例して直線的に振幅が大きくなるのは０〜９Ｖの範囲であり、９Ｖ時点における音量は、振動板を耳介後部の乳様突起に当てた場合ほぼ７０ｄＢの気導聴力に相当する。過大入力時の最大音量は同じく９０ｄＢ気導聴力相当であって、補聴器に求められている出力制限の機能が本発明の圧電型振動子１２では何の付加手段もなく実現できる利点がある。
そのため衝撃音等による大きな音が発生し、大きな入力信号が加わっても圧電型振動子１２の振動が抑えられ、聴覚器官を必要以上に刺激し、脳に大きな音を感じさせることがないようにできる。従来のイヤフォンを用いた補聴器ではこのような大音量が発生すると一瞬のうちに何も聞こえない不愉快な状態が頻発していたので、多くの人は補聴器の常時使用を嫌がる大きな理由となっていた。
本発明の圧電型振動子１２は端部が湾曲して自由振動するので、その取り付け構造も振動し易い構造にする必要がある。
本発明の圧電型振動発生器はそこで図１から図３に示すように、圧電型振動子１２の中心部を一点支持したことを特徴とする。一点支持を確実にするため、圧電型振動子１２の中央部に直径約１ｍｍの貫通する支点孔１５を開け、支点孔１５に結合手段１３の先端を嵌合させている。さらに結合手段１３の一点支持の面積が広いと圧電型振動子１２の支点部分が振動の邪魔をする結果効率が下がる。
そこで図５に示すように、結合手段１３として頭部の皿１７の下面が湾曲する皿丸ビス１８を用い、皿丸ビス１８を圧電型振動子１２の支点孔１５に貫通させる。そして貫通させた圧電型振動子１２の支点孔１５の周囲を上面が湾曲する皿丸ナット１９で挟み止める。皿丸ビス１８の頭部の皿１７の下面及びナット１９の上面の皿の曲面を圧電型振動子１２の振動が邪魔されない傾斜にしておけば、圧電型振動子１２の振動は殆んど皿丸ビス１８と皿丸ナット１９に抑えられない効率の良い振動をする。
なお、皿丸ビス１８の圧電型振動子１２が取付けられたと反対側の端部には振動板１１が取付けられている。ナット１９とナット２０間に後述する振動減衰膜２１が挟持される。本発明に用いた圧電型振動子１２はさらに 圧電型振動子１２の加速度エネルギーがより効率よく振動板１１に伝えられるように、圧電型振動子１２の辺縁部が重りで僅かに重くなるように、圧電型振動子１２を加工している。
図６は本発明の圧電型振動発生器に用いられる圧電型振動子１２の実施例を示す平面図であり、圧電素子１４Ａと電極板１４Ｂとを長方形の細片１４Ｃとしている。
図７は本発明の圧電型振動発生器に用いられた圧電型振動子の他の実施例を示す平面図である。圧電型振動子１２は前述した細片１４Ｃ１及び細片１４Ｃ２を十字状に設けている。細片１４Ｃ１、１４Ｃ２を増やすことで振動の大きさを増加させ、更に細片１４Ｃ１及び細片１４Ｃ２との長さを異ならしめて共振点をずらし、周波数特性を平坦にしている。
図８は本発明の圧電型振動発生器に用いられた圧電型振動子１２の他の実施例を示す平面図である。圧電型振動子１２は細片１４Ｃ１、１４Ｃ２及び細片１４Ｃ３を放射状に設けている。細片１４Ｃ１、１４Ｃ２及び１４Ｃ３を更に増やすことで振動の大きさを増加させ、更に細片１４Ｃ１、１４Ｃ２及び細片１４Ｃ３との長さを異ならしめて共振点をずらし、更に周波数特性を平坦にしている。
図９は本発明の圧電型振動発生器に用いられた圧電型振動子１２の他の実施例を示す平面図である。圧電型振動子１２は円板状の圧電素子１４Ａ１と同じく円板状の電極板１４Ｂ１とを重ね合わせて圧電型振動子１２の端部が自由振動することにより結合手段１３に伝達される加速度エネルギーを大きくなるようにしている。
しかし圧電素子１４Ａ１と電極板１４Ｂ１とを円板状にすると、電極板１４Ｂ１の曲げに対する抵抗力（応力）がその辺縁部で最も大きくなり、電極に加わる入力信号による振動が電極板１４Ｂ１で抑制される。そこで放射状にスリットＳ１、Ｓ２、Ｓ３・・を入れて圧電素子１４Ａ１と電極板１４Ｂ１を複数に分割して振動をし易くしている。そして、スリットＳ１、Ｓ２、Ｓ３・・の長さを変えることにより共振点を異ならしめて周波数特性が平坦になるようにしている。
図１０は本発明の圧電型振動発生器に用いられた圧電型振動子１２の他の実施例を示す平面図である。圧電型振動子１２は図９と同じ円板状の圧電素子１４Ａ１と同じく円板状の電極板１４Ｂ１とを重ね合わせて圧電型振動子の端部が自由振動することにより結合手段１３に伝達される加速度エネルギーを大きくしている。
また図９と同じく長さの異なるスリットＴ１、Ｔ２、Ｔ３・・を渦巻き状で放射状に入れているが、スリットＴ１、Ｔ２、Ｔ３・・を湾曲させることによりスリットが長くでき、より多くの共振点が得られるようにしている。
図１１は本発明の圧電型振動発生器の要部を示す側面図である。結合手段１３はゴム等の弾性材よりなる振動減衰膜２１に支持される。それにより圧電型振動子１２の振動が他に伝達されず振動の加速度エネルギーがほとんど振動板１１に伝達される。結合手段１３は例えば前述した図５に示すように、皿丸ビス１７を用いたときはナット１９とナット２０で挟持して固定している。他の方法としては、振動減衰膜２１の穴に結合手段１３または振動板１１を接着しても良い。
図１２に示すように、振動減衰膜２１は後述する振動遮蔽筐体２２にその周端を３点支持される脚部２１Ａ、２１Ａ、２１Ａ及び振動による空気の流れを逃がす間隙２１Ｂ、２１Ｂ、２１Ｂを設けた三ツ矢型をなしている。従って圧電型振動子１２が振動したとき、圧電型振動子１２の前後および振動減衰膜２１の前後および振動板１１の裏側に生じた音波はこの構造により、振動遮蔽筐体２２の内部で中和（ニュートラル）され消滅するようにしている。
図１３は本発明の圧電型振動発生器の側面断面図である。振動遮蔽筐体２２は前面に窓部２３を有する。振動遮蔽筐体２２の内側壁には振動減衰膜２１の脚部２１Ａ、２１Ａ、２１Ａが支持されている。
振動遮蔽筐体２２は圧電型振動子１２の振動が外部に伝達されるのを防止するため、質量が大きい硬質ゴムあるいは鉄や銅などの金属が使用される。また窓部２３の周囲の外部当接部に接する当接部分２４は人体の頭や顔などの外部当接部に馴染み易い柔らかい材質のゴム等で形成し、且つ圧着しやすい形状としている。
振動遮蔽筐体２２により窓部２３から振動板１３の前面を外部に露出させ、振動減衰膜２１及び圧電型振動子１２等を囲んでいる。従って、振動遮蔽筐体２２の当接部分２４を頭や顔の外部当接部に当接すると、振動遮蔽筐体２２の内部は密閉され、圧電型振動子１２が振動することにより起こる空気の振動が外部に漏れないようにしている。
圧電型振動子１２の振動に伴い振動減衰膜２１も振動されるが、振動減衰膜２１が有する弾性に対し、振動遮蔽筐体２２の質量が大きいため、その共振点は僅かに数ヘルツ以下と低く、音声周波数の帯域内でこの振動が振動遮蔽筐体２２に伝わることはない。
前述のようにして形成された圧電型振動発生器は振動遮蔽筐体２２の当接部分２４を耳の付近のに当てる。斯かる状態でリード線２６、２６を介して入力信号を加えると、圧電型振動子１２が前述したピエゾ効果で端部が振動する。
圧電型振動子１２の端部の振動により生じる加速度エネルギーが結合手段１３を介して振動板１１に伝達され、振動板１１を振動させる。振動板１１の振動で骨を振動させる。骨の振動は内耳の近くにある聴覚器官に伝達され、聴覚器官から聴覚神経を介して脳に伝達され音を感じる。
図１４は本発明の圧電型振動発生器を用いた振動送音器の側面断面図である。振動遮蔽筐体２２の背面に制御回路２７、電池２８及びマイクロフォン２９を設け、マイクロフォン２９の集音口３０だけが外部に露出されるようにして、これらを振動遮蔽筐体２２とともに外ケース３１で包囲し一体化している。
圧電型振動子１３と制御回路２７とは振動遮蔽筐体２２とで隔離されているが、制御回路２７の出力と圧電型振動子１２とはリード線２６、２６で接続されている。また振動遮蔽筐体２２の外部当接部と接触する部分にスイッチ３２が取付けられ、外部当接部にスイッチ３２が触れると電源が入るようになっており、無用のバウリングを抑える。
本発明の圧電型振動送話器の使用方法を説明する。
振動遮蔽筐体２２の窓部２３から露出される振動板１１の一面を耳の近くの頬あるいは額等の外部当接部分に当てる。振動板１１を外部当接部に当てることにより、窓部２３は外部当接部で覆われ、振動遮蔽筐体２２内は密閉される。
またこのとき振動遮蔽筐体２２に設けられているスイッチがオンされ動作状態になる。外ケース３１に取付けられたマイクロフォン２９の集音口３０が外部に向けられているので，会話等の音声が集音口３０に集音される。
集音された音声はマイクロフォン２９で電気的な音声信号に変換される。変換された音声信号は制御回路２７で増幅され、リード線２６、２６を介して圧電型振動子１２の電極に加わる。電極に音声信号が加わると、圧電型振動子２２がピエゾ効果で中心部が固定されて端部が振動する。
圧電型振動子２２の端部の振動による加速度エネルギーは結合手段１３を介して振動板１１に伝達され、振動板１１を振動させる。振動板１１が振動することにより骨にこの振動が伝達される。骨の振動は内耳の近くにある聴覚器官に伝達され、聴覚器官から聴覚神経を介して脳に伝達され音を感じさせる。
圧電型振動子１２が振動することにより音を発生するが、振動遮蔽筐体２２内は前述したように密閉されているので、音が漏れてマイクロフォン２９に帰還されることがなく、ハウリングを起こす恐れがない。1 to 13 relate to a piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention, and FIG. 14 relates to a vibration sound transmitter using the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing portions of a piezoelectric vibrator and a diaphragm of a piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention. One end of the coupling means 13 made of a metal plate is bonded to the diaphragm 11, the other end of the coupling means 13 is fixed to one surface of the piezoelectric vibrator 12, and the diaphragm 11 and the piezoelectric vibrator 12 are coupled to each other. 13 are connected. Since the opposite surface of the diaphragm 11 to which the coupling means 13 is connected is in contact with an external contact portion such as a cheek near the auricle or a forehead, a material that is compatible with the external contact portion is preferable.
As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the piezoelectric vibrator 12 is formed by bonding two piezoelectric elements 14A and 14A such as titanium sun valem or ceramic having a piezoelectric effect on both surfaces of the electrode plate 14B. is doing. At this time, the electrode plate 14B is formed larger than the piezoelectric elements 14A and 14A, and has a structure in which a peripheral end protrudes from the piezoelectric elements 14A and 14A.
Furthermore, weights 14B1 and 14B1 are provided at the end of the electrode plate 14B with small metal pieces, solder, or the like. As will be described later, when the piezoelectric vibrator 12 vibrates according to the input signal, the weights 14B1 and 14B1 are caused to react. The acceleration energy is amplified, and the acceleration energy is transmitted to the diaphragm 11 via the coupling means 13.
For example, the piezoelectric elements 14A and 14A have a length of 30 mm, a width of 8 mm, and a thickness of 0.2 mm. On the other hand, the electrode plate 14B has a length of 32 mm, a width of 9 mm, and a thickness of 0.2 mm. Therefore, the piezoelectric vibrator 12 has a length of 32 mm, a width of 9 mm, and a thickness of 0.6 mm.
The total weight of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 is about 6 g, of which the weights 14B1 and 14B1 are 2 g each.
As shown in FIG. 2B, the piezoelectric elements 14A and 14A are provided with Ag plating 14A1 on both surfaces, and one surface subjected to Ag plating is attached to the electrode plate 14B, and the electrodes 14a and 14a are attached to the outer Ag plating 14A1. The electrodes 14a and 14a are formed and connected. The electrode plate 14B also serves as a reinforcement for the piezoelectric element 14A, and is formed of a metal plate such as brass. The input signal is applied between the electrodes 14a and 14a described above and the electrodes 14b provided at the peripheral ends protruding from the piezoelectric elements 14A and 14A of the electrode plate 14B.
The electrodes 14a, 14a and the electrode 14b are provided in the vicinity of the center of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 so as not to inhibit the vibration, and are led out from there by lead wires.
The piezoelectric elements 14A and 14A are attached to both surfaces of the electrode plate 14B because the acceleration energy obtained when the piezoelectric elements 14A and 14A are distorted by the piezo effect is doubled to increase the vibration, and the diaphragm 11 has sufficient vibration. It is because it can supply.
Normally, the piezoelectric vibrator 12 vibrates with a bellows at the center due to the piezo effect and a node near both ends, and the diaphragm 11 vibrates in the use state of the present invention in contact with the external contact portion. 11 is fixed, the central portion of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 supported by the coupling means 13 coupled to the diaphragm 11 is fixed, and the both ends of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 are operated so as to freely vibrate. To do. Therefore, if the coupling means 13 supports the vicinity of the center of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 at one point, the piezoelectric vibrator 12 can efficiently perform free vibration because there is nothing to suppress any vibration.
As shown in FIG. 3A, when no input signal is applied to the electrodes 14a and 14b of the piezoelectric vibrator 12, the piezoelectric vibrator 12 is in a flat state.
As shown in FIG. 3B, when the + signal of the input signal is applied to the electrode 14a via the lead wire L1, and the-signal is applied to the electrode 14b via the lead wire L2, the piezoelectric vibrator 12 is Since the central portion is fixed by the coupling means 13, both end portions are distorted upward by the piezo effect.
As shown in FIG. 3C, when the negative signal of the input signal is applied to the electrode 14a and the positive signal is applied to the electrode 14b, the center of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 is fixed. Is distorted downward due to the piezo effect.
Thus, whenever an input signal is applied to the electrodes 14a and 14b, the acceleration energy is amplified by the weights 14B1 and 14B1 when both ends of the piezoelectric vibrator freely vibrate in the vertical direction according to the input signal. The generated acceleration energy is transmitted to the coupling means 13, and the vibration corresponding to the loudness is transmitted to the external contact portion such as the cheek or forehead of the human body via the diaphragm 11. The vibration transmitted to the external contact portion is transmitted to the bone, transmitted to the auditory organ near the inner ear via the bone, and is transmitted to the brain via the auditory nerve and feels a sound.
In the present invention, the piezoelectric vibrator 12 is used as a vibration generation source, and since it is a voltage drive type in which a voltage is applied between the electrodes 14a, 14a and 14b provided on both surfaces of the piezoelectric elements 14A and 14A, power consumption is small. Ideal for portable headphones and hearing aids that are battery powered.
The piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention has a structure in which a piezoelectric vibrator 12 and a piezoelectric element 14A are bonded to an electrode plate 14B such as a brass plate, so that a loud sound is generated and the piezoelectric vibrator is passed through a microphone or the like. Even when a large input signal is applied to the electrode, the resistance against bending of the electrode plate 14B increases exponentially, so that the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator can be suppressed. As shown in FIG. 4, when the AC applied voltage applied to the piezoelectric vibrator 12 is gradually increased, the amplitude of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 should increase almost linearly as shown by the curve a. As shown in the curve c, the resistance (stress) to the bending of the electrode plate 14B increases rapidly when the amplitude is large, so that the expansion suddenly stops around 5-6V, and from around 9-10V It becomes saturated and the amplitude is suppressed.
That is, in FIG. 4 described above, the chain line a indicates the relationship between the AC voltage applied to the piezoelectric element 14A and the amplitude, and the amplitude of the piezoelectric element 14A linearly increases at a constant rate with respect to the AC input voltage applied. . On the other hand, as shown by the dotted line b, the electrode plate 14B such as a brass plate has a small stress for preventing the vibration when the vibration is small, but the stress increases exponentially when the vibration becomes large. Therefore, as shown by the solid line c, the piezoelectric vibrator 12 tries to increase linearly with respect to the AC input voltage to which the piezoelectric element 14A is applied. However, as the AC input voltage increases, the stress on the electrode plate 14B increases. The piezoelectric vibrator 12 used in the present invention in which the piezoelectric element 14A and the electrode plate 14B are bonded together can mechanically create a characteristic in which the amplitude does not increase linearly but saturates from a constant AC input voltage.
Therefore, the amplitude of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 linearly increases in proportion to the magnitude of the input signal is in the range of 0 to 9 V, and the volume at the time of 9 V is such that the diaphragm is placed on the milky process at the rear of the auricle. When applied, it corresponds to an air conduction hearing ability of approximately 70 dB. The maximum volume at the time of excessive input is also equivalent to 90 dB air conduction hearing ability, and there is an advantage that the output limiting function required for the hearing aid can be realized without any additional means in the piezoelectric vibrator 12 of the present invention.
Therefore, a loud sound such as an impact sound is generated, and even when a large input signal is applied, the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 is suppressed, so that the auditory organ is stimulated more than necessary and the brain does not feel a loud sound. it can. Hearing aids that use conventional earphones often have an unpleasant state in which nothing can be heard in an instant when such a high volume occurs, which is a major reason why many people dislike using hearing aids at all times. .
Since the piezoelectric vibrator 12 of the present invention has a curved end and freely vibrates, it is necessary to make the mounting structure easy to vibrate.
Therefore, the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention is characterized in that the central portion of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 is supported at one point as shown in FIGS. In order to ensure one-point support, a fulcrum hole 15 having a diameter of about 1 mm is formed in the center of the piezoelectric vibrator 12, and the tip of the coupling means 13 is fitted into the fulcrum hole 15. Furthermore, if the area of the one-point support of the coupling means 13 is large, the efficiency decreases as a result of the fulcrum portion of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 obstructing vibration.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, a countersunk round screw 18 whose bottom surface of the head dish 17 is curved is used as the coupling means 13, and the countersunk round screw 18 is passed through the fulcrum hole 15 of the piezoelectric vibrator 12. Then, the periphery of the fulcrum hole 15 of the penetrating piezoelectric vibrator 12 is clamped by a countersunk round nut 19 whose upper surface is curved. If the curved surfaces of the lower surface of the plate 17 at the head of the round plate screw 18 and the upper surface of the nut 19 are inclined so that the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 is not disturbed, the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 is almost dished. Efficient vibration that cannot be restrained by the round screw 18 and countersunk round nut 19.
The diaphragm 11 is attached to the end of the countersunk screw 18 opposite to the side where the piezoelectric vibrator 12 is attached. A vibration damping film 21 described later is sandwiched between the nut 19 and the nut 20. The piezoelectric vibrator 12 used in the present invention is further weighted so that the edge of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 is slightly heavier so that the acceleration energy of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 can be transmitted to the diaphragm 11 more efficiently. In addition, the piezoelectric vibrator 12 is processed.
FIG. 6 is a plan view showing an embodiment of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 used in the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention. The piezoelectric element 14A and the electrode plate 14B are rectangular strips 14C.
FIG. 7 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the piezoelectric vibrator used in the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention. The piezoelectric vibrator 12 is provided with the above-described strips 14C1 and 14C2 in a cross shape. The magnitude of vibration is increased by increasing the strips 14C1 and 14C2, and the resonance points are shifted by making the lengths of the strips 14C1 and 14C2 different to flatten the frequency characteristics.
FIG. 8 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 used in the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention. The piezoelectric vibrator 12 is provided with strips 14C1 and 14C2 and strips 14C3 radially. By further increasing the strips 14C1, 14C2 and 14C3, the magnitude of the vibration is increased, and the lengths of the strips 14C1, 14C2 and the strip 14C3 are made different to shift the resonance point, thereby further flattening the frequency characteristics. .
FIG. 9 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 used in the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention. The piezoelectric vibrator 12 is an acceleration energy transmitted to the coupling means 13 when the end of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 freely vibrates by overlapping the disk-like electrode plate 14B1 as well as the disk-like piezoelectric element 14A1. To be bigger.
However, when the piezoelectric element 14A1 and the electrode plate 14B1 are formed in a disc shape, the resistance (stress) to the bending of the electrode plate 14B1 becomes the largest at the edge portion, and the vibration due to the input signal applied to the electrode is suppressed by the electrode plate 14B1. Is done. Therefore, the slits S1, S2, S3,... Are provided radially to divide the piezoelectric element 14A1 and the electrode plate 14B1 into a plurality of parts to facilitate vibration. Then, by changing the lengths of the slits S1, S2, S3,..., The resonance points are made different so that the frequency characteristics become flat.
FIG. 10 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 used in the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention. The piezoelectric vibrator 12 is transmitted to the coupling means 13 by overlapping the same disk-like piezoelectric element 14A1 as in FIG. 9 and the same disk-like electrode plate 14B1 as the end of the piezoelectric vibrator freely vibrates. The acceleration energy is increased.
As in FIG. 9, slits T1, T2, T3,... Having different lengths are spirally and radially inserted, but by making the slits T1, T2, T3,. I try to get points.
FIG. 11 is a side view showing the main part of the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention. The coupling means 13 is supported by a vibration damping film 21 made of an elastic material such as rubber. As a result, the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 is not transmitted to other parts, and most of the acceleration energy of vibration is transmitted to the diaphragm 11. For example, as shown in FIG. 5 described above, the coupling means 13 is clamped and fixed by a nut 19 and a nut 20 when a countersunk round screw 17 is used. As another method, the coupling means 13 or the diaphragm 11 may be bonded to the hole of the vibration damping film 21.
As shown in FIG. 12, the vibration attenuating film 21 has legs 21A, 21A, 21A that are supported at three peripheral ends by a vibration shielding casing 22 described later, and gaps 21B, 21B, 21B for releasing air flow due to vibration. It has a Mitsuya shape. Accordingly, when the piezoelectric vibrator 12 vibrates, sound waves generated before and after the piezoelectric vibrator 12, before and after the vibration damping film 21, and on the back side of the vibration plate 11 are neutralized inside the vibration shielding casing 22 by this structure. (Neutral) and disappear.
FIG. 13 is a side sectional view of the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention. The vibration shielding housing 22 has a window portion 23 on the front surface. Legs 21A, 21A, and 21A of the vibration damping film 21 are supported on the inner wall of the vibration shielding casing 22.
In order to prevent the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 from being transmitted to the outside, the vibration shielding housing 22 is made of hard rubber having a large mass or a metal such as iron or copper. The abutting portion 24 that contacts the external abutting portion around the window portion 23 is formed of a soft material rubber or the like that is easily adapted to the external abutting portion such as the head or face of the human body, and has a shape that allows easy crimping.
The vibration shielding housing 22 exposes the front surface of the diaphragm 13 from the window 23 to the outside, and surrounds the vibration damping film 21 and the piezoelectric vibrator 12 and the like. Therefore, when the contact portion 24 of the vibration shielding housing 22 is brought into contact with the external contact portion of the head or face, the inside of the vibration shielding housing 22 is sealed, and air generated by the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 is caused. Vibration is prevented from leaking outside.
The vibration attenuating film 21 is also vibrated with the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator 12, but the resonance point is only a few hertz or less because the mass of the vibration shielding casing 22 is larger than the elasticity of the vibration attenuating film 21. The vibration is not transmitted to the vibration shielding housing 22 within the audio frequency band.
The piezoelectric vibration generator formed as described above applies the contact portion 24 of the vibration shielding housing 22 to the vicinity of the ear. When an input signal is applied through the lead wires 26 in such a state, the end portion of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 vibrates due to the piezoelectric effect described above.
Acceleration energy generated by the vibration of the end portion of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 is transmitted to the diaphragm 11 through the coupling means 13 to vibrate the diaphragm 11. The bone is vibrated by the vibration of the diaphragm 11. The vibration of the bone is transmitted to the auditory organ near the inner ear, and is transmitted from the auditory organ to the brain via the auditory nerve to feel a sound.
FIG. 14 is a side sectional view of a vibration sound transmitter using the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention. A control circuit 27, a battery 28, and a microphone 29 are provided on the back surface of the vibration shielding housing 22, and only the sound collection port 30 of the microphone 29 is exposed to the outside. Surrounded and integrated.
The piezoelectric vibrator 13 and the control circuit 27 are isolated by the vibration shielding casing 22, but the output of the control circuit 27 and the piezoelectric vibrator 12 are connected by lead wires 26 and 26. In addition, a switch 32 is attached to a portion of the vibration shielding housing 22 that comes into contact with the external contact portion, and the power is turned on when the switch 32 touches the external contact portion, thereby suppressing unnecessary bowing.
A method of using the piezoelectric vibration transmitter of the present invention will be described.
One surface of the diaphragm 11 exposed from the window portion 23 of the vibration shielding housing 22 is applied to an external contact portion such as a cheek near the ear or a forehead. By applying the diaphragm 11 to the external contact portion, the window portion 23 is covered with the external contact portion, and the inside of the vibration shielding housing 22 is sealed.
At this time, a switch provided in the vibration shielding casing 22 is turned on to be in an operating state. Since the sound collection port 30 of the microphone 29 attached to the outer case 31 is directed to the outside, sound such as conversation is collected at the sound collection port 30.
The collected sound is converted into an electric sound signal by the microphone 29. The converted audio signal is amplified by the control circuit 27 and applied to the electrode of the piezoelectric vibrator 12 via the lead wires 26 and 26. When an audio signal is applied to the electrode, the piezoelectric vibrator 22 is fixed at the center by the piezoelectric effect and vibrates at the end.
The acceleration energy due to the vibration of the end portion of the piezoelectric vibrator 22 is transmitted to the diaphragm 11 through the coupling means 13 to vibrate the diaphragm 11. When the diaphragm 11 vibrates, this vibration is transmitted to the bone. The vibration of the bone is transmitted to the auditory organ near the inner ear, and is transmitted from the auditory organ to the brain via the auditory nerve to make a sound feel.
The piezoelectric vibrator 12 vibrates to generate sound. However, since the vibration shielding housing 22 is sealed as described above, sound does not leak and return to the microphone 29, causing feedback. There is no fear.

発明の効果The invention's effect

本発明の圧電型振動発生器は圧電型振動子の中心部を結合手段で一点支持するようにしたので、圧電型振動子はピエゾ効果により端部が自由振動できる。従って圧電型振動子を用いて直接入力信号の大きさに応じた振動を得ることができるので、極めて少ない要素で比較的広帯域の音声を再生でき、小型化及び軽量化が図られる。
本発明の圧電型振動発生器は圧電素子を用いたので電圧駆動が可能となり、従来のコイルを用いた電流駆動に比べて格段に消費電力を小さくできる。このために携帯用のヘッドフォンや補聴器などに適用できる。
本発明の圧電型振動発生器は圧電型振動子の電極板の両面に圧電素子を設けたので、２つの圧電素子の歪みが倍加されるので、重りと共に大きな加速度エネルギーを得ることができ、圧電型振動子のみで十分な大きさの振動を発生できる。
本発明の圧電型振動発生器は圧電型振動子を電極板の応力の増加特性を利用して、衝撃音等の大きな音に対しては振動が抑えられる。従って聴覚器官に必要以上の過大な振動が伝達されるのを防止されるので、衝撃音等で一瞬聞こえなくなるような不愉快な状態を排除できる。
本発明の圧電型振動発生器は圧電型振動子に孔をあけ、その孔に結合手段を貫通させて結合させるので、一点支持であっても強固に支持される。しかも結合手段として頭部が球面をなす皿丸ビスを用い、圧電型振動子を皿丸ビスとナットで持って挟み支持するので、圧電型振動子の振動は邪魔されず、良好な一点支持を実現できる。
また本発明の圧電型振動発生器は圧電型振動子にスリットを入れることにより、圧電型振動子はより振動が容易になり、かつ共振点をずらすことにより平坦な周波数特性が得られる。
本発明の圧電型振動発生器を用いた振動送音器は圧電型振動子を振動遮蔽筐体に密閉できるので、圧電型振動子が振動することにより発生する音声がマイクロフォンに帰還されてハウリングを起こすということが防止され、圧電型振動子とマイクロフォンあるいはスピーカなどを一体化でき、極めて小型の補聴器を実現できる。
本発明の圧電型振動発生器を用いた振動送音器は振動遮蔽筐体に質量が大きい硬質ゴムあるいは鉄や銅などの金属を使用したので、圧電型振動子の振動が振動減衰膜を介して振動遮蔽筐体に伝わっても、振動遮蔽筐体が振動することがない。
本発明の圧電型振動発生器は人体の頭や顔などのの外部当接部に当接し、耳介に挿入する必要がないため、耳介が連続して塞がれる不快感あるいは疲労感を起こさせず、長時間の使用に耐えることができる。In the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention, the central portion of the piezoelectric vibrator is supported at one point by the coupling means, so that the end portion of the piezoelectric vibrator can freely vibrate due to the piezoelectric effect. Therefore, since vibration corresponding to the magnitude of the input signal can be obtained directly using the piezoelectric vibrator, a relatively wide band sound can be reproduced with very few elements, and the size and weight can be reduced.
Since the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention uses a piezoelectric element, voltage drive is possible, and power consumption can be significantly reduced as compared with current drive using a conventional coil. Therefore, it can be applied to portable headphones and hearing aids.
Since the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention has piezoelectric elements on both sides of the electrode plate of the piezoelectric vibrator, the distortion of the two piezoelectric elements is doubled, so that a large acceleration energy can be obtained together with the weight. A sufficiently large vibration can be generated only by the type vibrator.
The piezoelectric vibration generator according to the present invention uses a piezoelectric vibrator to increase the stress of the electrode plate, thereby suppressing vibrations for loud sounds such as impact sounds. Accordingly, since excessive vibrations more than necessary are prevented from being transmitted to the auditory organ, it is possible to eliminate an unpleasant state in which the sound cannot be heard for a moment due to an impact sound or the like.
In the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention, a hole is formed in the piezoelectric vibrator, and the coupling means is penetrated through the hole so as to be coupled, so that even a single point support is firmly supported. In addition, a round head screw with a spherical head is used as a coupling means, and the piezoelectric vibrator is sandwiched and supported by a round head screw and a nut, so the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator is not obstructed and a good one-point support is provided. realizable.
Further, the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention makes it easier for the piezoelectric vibrator to vibrate by providing a slit in the piezoelectric vibrator, and a flat frequency characteristic can be obtained by shifting the resonance point.
Since the vibration transmitter using the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention can seal the piezoelectric vibrator in the vibration shielding housing, the sound generated when the piezoelectric vibrator vibrates is fed back to the microphone to perform feedback. It is prevented from waking up, and a piezoelectric vibrator and a microphone or a speaker can be integrated to realize an extremely small hearing aid.
Since the vibration transmitter using the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention uses a hard rubber having a large mass or a metal such as iron or copper for the vibration shielding housing, the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator passes through the vibration damping film. Even if it is transmitted to the vibration shielding casing, the vibration shielding casing does not vibrate.
Since the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention is in contact with an external contact portion such as the head or face of a human body and does not need to be inserted into the auricle, there is a feeling of discomfort or fatigue that the auricle is continuously blocked. It can withstand long-term use without causing it.

第１図は本発明の圧電型振動発生器の部分を示す断面図であり、第２図（Ａ）は本発明の圧電型振動発生器に用いた圧電型振動子の平面図であり、第２図（Ｂ）は本発明の圧電型振動発生器に用いた圧電型振動子の側面図であり、第３図（Ａ）は本発明の圧電型振動発生器に用いた圧電型振動子の通常状態を示す側面図であり、第３図（Ｂ）は本発明の圧電型振動発生器に用いた圧電型振動子の加電状態を示す側面図であり、第３図（Ｃ）は本発明の圧電型振動発生器に用いた圧電型振動子の加電状態を示す側面図であり、第４図は本発明に用いられた圧電型振動子の音声信号と振動の関係を表す特性図であり、第５図は本発明の圧電型振動発生器の部分を示す側面図であり、第６図は本発明の圧電型振動発生器に用いた圧電型振動子の平面図であり、第７図は本発明の圧電型振動発生器に用いた圧電型振動子の平面図であり、第８図は本発明の圧電型振動発生器に用いた圧電型振動子の平面図であり、第９図は本発明の圧電型振動発生器に用いた圧電型振動子の平面図であり、第１０図は本発明の圧電型振動発生器に用いた圧電型振動子の平面図であり、第１１図は本発明の圧電型振動発生器の部分を示す断面図であり、第１２図は本発明の圧電型振動発生器に用いた振動減衰膜を示す平面図であり、第１３図は本発明の圧電型振動発生器の断面図であり、第１４図は本発明の振動送音器の断面図であり、第１５図は従来の骨導受話器の断面図であり、第１６図は従来の骨導受話器の部分を示す断面図である。
１ 磁束発生装置 ２１ 振動減衰膜
１ａ コイル ２１Ａ 脚部
１ｂ 磁石とヨーク ２１Ｂ 間隙
２ 振動板 ２２ 振動遮蔽筐体
３ 支持装置 ２３ 窓部
４ 圧電振動装置 ２４ 接触部分
６ 基部 ２６ リード線
７Ａ 連結体 ２７ 制御回路
７Ｂ 連結体 ２８ 電池
８ 圧電振動子 ２９ マイクロフォン
１０ 加速板 ３０ 集音口
１１ 振動板 ３１ 外ケース
１２ 圧電振動子
１３ 結合手段
１４Ａ 圧電素子
１４Ｂ 電極板
１４Ｂ１ 重り
１５ 支点孔
１７ 皿
１８ 丸ビス
１９ 丸ナット
２０ ナットFIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a portion of the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention, and FIG. 2 (A) is a plan view of the piezoelectric vibrator used in the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention. Fig. 2 (B) is a side view of the piezoelectric vibrator used in the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention, and Fig. 3 (A) is a diagram of the piezoelectric vibrator used in the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention. FIG. 3B is a side view showing a normal state, FIG. 3B is a side view showing an applied state of the piezoelectric vibrator used in the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a side view showing an applied state of the piezoelectric vibrator used in the piezoelectric vibration generator of the invention, and FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the audio signal and vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator used in the present invention. FIG. 5 is a side view showing a portion of the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a plan view of the piezoelectric vibrator used in the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention. FIG. 7 is a plan view of the piezoelectric vibrator used in the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a plan view of the piezoelectric vibrator used in the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a plan view of the piezoelectric vibrator used in the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention, and FIG. 10 is a plan view of the piezoelectric vibrator used in the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing a portion of the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention, and FIG. 12 is a plan view showing a vibration damping film used in the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the piezoelectric vibration generator of the present invention, FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the vibration transmitter of the present invention, FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional bone-conducting handset, FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of a conventional bone conduction receiver.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Magnetic flux generator 21 Vibration damping film | membrane 1a Coil 21A Leg part 1b Magnet and yoke 21B Gap 2 Diaphragm 22 Vibration shielding housing | casing 3 Support apparatus 23 Window part 4 Piezoelectric vibration apparatus 24 Contact part 6 Base 26 Lead wire 7A Connection body 27 Control Circuit 7B Connecting body 28 Battery 8 Piezoelectric vibrator 29 Microphone 10 Accelerating plate 30 Sound collecting port 11 Vibration plate 31 Outer case 12 Piezoelectric vibrator 13 Coupling means 14A Piezoelectric element 14B Electrode plate 14B1 Weight 15 Supporting point hole 17 Dish 18 Round screw 19 Round Nut 20 nut

Claims (22)

入力信号が加えられる圧電型振動子と、
前記圧電型振動子からの振動が伝達される振動板と、
前記圧電型振動子と前記振動板とを結合する結合手段とを備え、
前記圧電型振動子の振動を前記結合手段を介して前記振動板に伝達することを特徴とする圧電型振動発生器。A piezoelectric vibrator to which an input signal is applied;
A diaphragm to which vibration from the piezoelectric vibrator is transmitted;
A coupling means for coupling the piezoelectric vibrator and the diaphragm;
A piezoelectric vibration generator characterized in that vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator is transmitted to the diaphragm via the coupling means. 前記結合手段は前記圧電型振動子の中央付近にその一端を固着され且つ他端を前記振動板に固着され、前記圧電型振動子の端部は前記入力信号に応じて自由に振動させることを特徴とする請求の範囲第１項に記載の圧電型振動発生器。The coupling means has one end fixed near the center of the piezoelectric vibrator and the other end fixed to the diaphragm, and the end of the piezoelectric vibrator is freely vibrated according to the input signal. 2. The piezoelectric vibration generator according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric vibration generator is characterized in that: 前記圧電型振動子の端部に重りを設けて、前記圧電型振動子が前記入力信号に応じて振動する際に、前記重りにより加速度エネルギーを発生させ、その加速度エネルギーを前記結合手段を介して前記振動板に伝達することを特徴とする請求の範囲第２項に記載の圧電型振動発生器。A weight is provided at an end portion of the piezoelectric vibrator, and when the piezoelectric vibrator vibrates according to the input signal, acceleration energy is generated by the weight, and the acceleration energy is transmitted through the coupling means. The piezoelectric vibration generator according to claim 2, wherein the piezoelectric vibration generator transmits the vibration to the diaphragm. 前記結合手段は前記圧電型振動子に設けた金属板で構成されることを特徴とする請求の範囲第２項に記載の圧電型振動発生器。3. The piezoelectric vibration generator according to claim 2, wherein the coupling means is composed of a metal plate provided on the piezoelectric vibrator. 前記圧電型振動子の両主面に電極を設け、前記電極間に前記入力信号を印加することを特徴とする請求の範囲第２項に記載の圧電型振動発生器。3. The piezoelectric vibration generator according to claim 2, wherein electrodes are provided on both main surfaces of the piezoelectric vibrator, and the input signal is applied between the electrodes. 前記圧電型振動子は前記入力信号に応じて振動し、過大な前記入力信号が印加されたときに前記圧電型振動子の入力電圧と振幅の非直線特性を用いて一定の値以下に振動を抑制することを特徴とする請求の範囲第２項に記載の圧電型振動発生器。The piezoelectric vibrator vibrates in response to the input signal. When an excessive input signal is applied, the piezoelectric vibrator vibrates to a certain value or less using the nonlinear characteristics of the input voltage and amplitude of the piezoelectric vibrator. The piezoelectric vibration generator according to claim 2, wherein the piezoelectric vibration generator is suppressed. 前記圧電型振動子は金属製の電極板の両面に圧電素子を設けたことを特徴とする請求の範囲第２項に記載の圧電型振動発生器。The piezoelectric vibration generator according to claim 2, wherein the piezoelectric vibrator is provided with piezoelectric elements on both surfaces of a metal electrode plate. 入力信号が加えられる圧電型振動子と、
前記圧電型振動子からの振動が伝達される振動板と、
前記圧電型振動子と前記振動板とを結合する結合手段とを備え、
前記結合手段はその一端を前記圧電型振動子の中央付近に設けた貫通孔に固定され、他端を前記振動板に固定され、前記圧電型振動子の振動を前記結合手段を介して前記振動板に伝達されることを特徴とする圧電型振動発生器。A piezoelectric vibrator to which an input signal is applied;
A diaphragm to which vibration from the piezoelectric vibrator is transmitted;
A coupling means for coupling the piezoelectric vibrator and the diaphragm;
One end of the coupling means is fixed to a through hole provided near the center of the piezoelectric vibrator, the other end is fixed to the diaphragm, and the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator is transmitted to the vibration via the coupling means. A piezoelectric vibration generator characterized by being transmitted to a plate. 前記結合手段は皿丸ビス及び皿丸ナットを用い、前記圧電型振動子の前記貫通孔で点支持をして前記圧電型振動子の端部を自由に振動させ、前記圧電型振動子の振動の振幅を確保することを特徴とする請求の範囲第８項に記載の圧電型振動発生器。The coupling means uses a countersunk round screw and a countersunk round nut, supports the point at the through hole of the piezoelectric vibrator, and freely vibrates the end of the piezoelectric vibrator, thereby vibrating the piezoelectric vibrator. The piezoelectric vibration generator according to claim 8, wherein the amplitude of the piezoelectric vibration generator is ensured. 前記圧電型振動子の端部に重りを設けて、前記圧電型振動子が前記入力信号に応じて振動する際に、前記重りにより加速度エネルギーを発生させ、その加速度エネルギーを前記結合手段を介して前記振動板に伝達されることを特徴とする請求の範囲第８項に記載の圧電型振動発生器。A weight is provided at an end portion of the piezoelectric vibrator, and when the piezoelectric vibrator vibrates according to the input signal, acceleration energy is generated by the weight, and the acceleration energy is transmitted through the coupling means. The piezoelectric vibration generator according to claim 8, wherein the piezoelectric vibration generator is transmitted to the diaphragm. 前記圧電型振動子は長さが異なる細片を放射状に配置したことを特徴とする請求の範囲第８項に記載の圧電型振動発生器。9. The piezoelectric vibration generator according to claim 8, wherein the piezoelectric vibrators are formed by radially arranging strips having different lengths. 前記圧電型振動子は円板状に形成され、周辺より中心に長さが異なるスリットを放射状に形成したことを特徴とする請求の範囲第８項に記載の圧電型振動発生器。9. The piezoelectric vibration generator according to claim 8, wherein the piezoelectric vibrator is formed in a disk shape, and slits having different lengths are formed radially from the periphery to the center. 前記スリットを渦巻き状の曲線に形成したことを特徴とする請求の範囲第１２項記載の圧電型振動発生器。13. The piezoelectric vibration generator according to claim 12, wherein the slit is formed in a spiral curve. 入力信号が加えられる圧電型振動子と、
前記圧電型振動子からの振動が伝達される振動板と、
前記圧電型振動子と前記振動板とを結合する結合手段とを備え、
前記結合手段を振動減衰膜で支持し、前記圧電型振動子の振動を前記結合手段を介して前記振動板に伝達されることを特徴とする圧電型振動発生器。A piezoelectric vibrator to which an input signal is applied;
A diaphragm to which vibration from the piezoelectric vibrator is transmitted;
A coupling means for coupling the piezoelectric vibrator and the diaphragm;
A piezoelectric vibration generator characterized in that the coupling means is supported by a vibration damping film, and the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator is transmitted to the diaphragm via the coupling means. 前記振動減衰膜の端部を固定して前記圧電型振動子を支持することを特徴とする請求の範囲第１４項に記載の圧電型振動発生器。15. The piezoelectric vibration generator according to claim 14, wherein an end portion of the vibration damping film is fixed to support the piezoelectric vibrator. 前記振動減衰膜の端部は前記圧電型振動子を囲む筐体に固定されることを特徴とする請求の範囲第１４項に記載の圧電型振動発生器。15. The piezoelectric vibration generator according to claim 14, wherein an end portion of the vibration damping film is fixed to a casing surrounding the piezoelectric vibrator. 前記振動減衰膜は圧電型振動子が振動したときの音圧を減少させる間隙を設けたことを特徴とする請求の範囲第１４項に記載の圧電型振動発生器。15. The piezoelectric vibration generator according to claim 14, wherein the vibration damping film is provided with a gap for reducing sound pressure when the piezoelectric vibrator vibrates. 前記振動減衰膜はゴムを用いることを特徴とする請求の範囲第１４項に記載の圧電型振動発生器。The piezoelectric vibration generator according to claim 14, wherein rubber is used for the vibration damping film. 入力信号が加えられる圧電型振動子と、
前記圧電型振動子からの振動が伝達される振動板と、
前記圧電型振動子と前記振動板とを結合する結合手段と、
前記圧電型振動子を囲む振動遮蔽筐体と、
端部を前記振動遮蔽筐体に固定して前記結合手段を支持する振動減衰膜と、
前記振動遮蔽筐体の外側に設けたマイクロフォン及び制御回路とを備え、
前記マイクロフォンからの入力信号を前記制御回路で増幅して前記圧電型振動子に印加し、前記圧電型振動子の振動を前記結合手段を介して前記振動板に伝達されることを特徴とする振動送音器。A piezoelectric vibrator to which an input signal is applied;
A diaphragm to which vibration from the piezoelectric vibrator is transmitted;
Coupling means for coupling the piezoelectric vibrator and the diaphragm;
A vibration shielding housing surrounding the piezoelectric vibrator;
A vibration damping film that supports the coupling means by fixing an end to the vibration shielding housing;
A microphone and a control circuit provided outside the vibration shielding housing;
A vibration characterized in that an input signal from the microphone is amplified by the control circuit and applied to the piezoelectric vibrator, and the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator is transmitted to the diaphragm via the coupling means. Sound transmitter. 前記振動板は前記振動遮蔽筐体から露出され、前記振動板と前記振動遮蔽筐体の隙間を外部当接物で塞ぎ、前記圧電型振動子の振動を前記振動遮蔽筐体内で遮蔽し、前記マイクロフォンへの回り込みを防止することを特徴とする請求の範囲第１９項に記載の振動送音器。The diaphragm is exposed from the vibration shielding casing, and a gap between the diaphragm and the vibration shielding casing is closed with an external contact object, and the vibration of the piezoelectric vibrator is shielded in the vibration shielding casing, 20. The vibratory sound transmitter according to claim 19, which prevents sneaking into the microphone. 前記振動遮蔽筐体に硬質ゴムあるいは鉄や銅などの質量が大きい材質を使用し、圧電型振動子の振動により振動遮蔽筐体が振動することを抑制したことを特徴とする請求の範囲第１９項に記載の振動送音器。20. The vibration shielding casing is made of hard rubber or a material having a large mass such as iron or copper, and the vibration shielding casing is prevented from vibrating due to vibration of a piezoelectric vibrator. The vibratory sound transmitter described in the paragraph. 前記振動遮蔽筐体にスイッチを設け、前記振動板に前記当接物が接触したときに電源が入ることを特徴とする請求の範囲第１９項に記載の振動送音器。The vibration transmitter according to claim 19, wherein a switch is provided in the vibration shielding casing, and the power is turned on when the contact object comes into contact with the diaphragm.
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USRE48797E1 (en) 2009-03-25 2021-10-26 Cochlear Limited Bone conduction device having a multilayer piezoelectric element
DE102010009453A1 (en) 2010-02-26 2011-09-01 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Sound transducer for insertion in an ear
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