CN114447139A - Solar cell piece, scribing method thereof and photovoltaic module - Google Patents
Solar cell piece, scribing method thereof and photovoltaic module Download PDFInfo
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- CN114447139A CN114447139A CN202011118051.6A CN202011118051A CN114447139A CN 114447139 A CN114447139 A CN 114447139A CN 202011118051 A CN202011118051 A CN 202011118051A CN 114447139 A CN114447139 A CN 114447139A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1804—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof comprising only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a solar cell and a scribing method thereof as well as a photovoltaic module, wherein the solar cell comprises a long and narrow laser scribing groove positioned on one surface of the solar cell, the laser scribing groove comprises a first scribing groove and a second scribing groove positioned at the bottom of the first scribing groove, and the first scribing groove and the second scribing groove are respectively and sequentially scribed by two beams of laser with different spot sizes. According to the invention, the second scribing groove is arranged at the bottom of the first scribing groove, and the diameter of the second scribing groove is not more than that of the first scribing groove, so that the width of the whole laser scribing groove can be reduced by 5-20%; and heat affected areas are not accumulated in the process of forming the second scribing groove, and the heat affected width of the formed laser scribing groove is reduced by 5-10% compared with that of the existing scribing process; the damage to the solar cell is reduced, the proportion of microcracks is correspondingly reduced by 50%, and the load capacity of the photovoltaic module is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photovoltaics, in particular to a solar cell piece capable of reducing microcracks, a scribing method of the solar cell piece and a photovoltaic module.
Background
With the increasing demand of the market on the power of the photovoltaic module, the version of the photovoltaic module is also getting bigger and bigger, and in addition, in order to reduce the cost of the module, the solar cell is also developed towards the direction of flaking; resulting in a corresponding increase in the risk of loading the photovoltaic module. It was found that the starting point of the splinters in the load test started mainly from the microcracks in the cut-out area.
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide an improved solar cell, a dicing method thereof and a photovoltaic module, so as to solve the above technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solar cell piece capable of reducing microcracks, a scribing method thereof and a photovoltaic module formed by strip-shaped solar cell pieces formed after the solar cell piece is broken.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the solar cell comprises a long and narrow laser scribing groove located on one surface of the solar cell, wherein the laser scribing groove comprises a first scribing groove and a second scribing groove located at the bottom of the first scribing groove, and the first scribing groove and the second scribing groove are respectively scribed by two beams of laser with different spot sizes in sequence.
Further, the width of the notch of the second scribing groove is smaller than the width of the groove bottom of the first scribing groove.
Further, the depth of the second scribing groove is larger than that of the first scribing groove.
Further, the ratio of the depth of the first scribing groove to the depth of the second scribing groove is 1: 5-1: 10.
Further, the center of the first scribe groove in the width direction coincides with the center of the second scribe groove in the width direction.
Further, the cross section of the first scribing groove is trapezoidal; the cross section of the second scribing groove is triangular.
A scribing method of a solar cell slice comprises the following steps:
scribing a solar cell piece on a scribing way by adopting a first laser beam to form a first scribing groove;
scribing at the bottom of the first scribing groove by using a second laser beam to form a second scribing groove;
and the spot size of the first laser beam on the solar cell is larger than that of the second laser beam on the solar cell.
Further, the scribing times of the first laser beam are smaller than the scribing times of the spot size of the second laser beam on the solar cell.
Further, scribing 1-2 cuts by the first laser beam; and scribing 2-8 cuts by the second laser beam.
Further, the first laser beam is coaxial with the second laser beam.
Further, the frequency of the first laser beam is greater than the frequency of the second laser beam, and/or the pulse width of the first laser beam is greater than the pulse width of the second laser beam. .
Furthermore, the spot size of the first laser beam is 30 um-40 um, the frequency range is 500 KHZ-4000 KHZ, and the pulse width range is 45 ns-65 ns; the size of the light spot of the second laser beam is 20 um-30 um, the frequency range is 400 KHZ-4000 KHZ, and the pulse width range is 20 ns-40 ns.
The photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of solar cell pieces which are connected in series, wherein the edges of the solar cell pieces are adjacent and overlapped, the edges of the solar cell pieces are provided with a first laser cutting area and a second laser cutting area in the thickness direction, and the first laser cutting area and the second laser cutting area are respectively sequentially scribed by two beams of laser.
Further, the edge further has a mechanical fracture region located in the second laser region and away from the first laser cutting region, and the first laser cutting region, the second laser cutting region and the mechanical fracture region are not on the same plane.
Further, the first laser cutting area comprises an inclined area and a platform area; or the first laser cutting area is an inclined area.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the traditional scribing process, the method has the advantages that the first laser beam with larger spot size formed on the solar cell piece forms the first scribing groove on the surface of the solar cell piece, and the second laser beam with smaller spot size formed on the solar cell piece forms the second scribing groove at the bottom of the first scribing groove, so that the width of the whole laser scribing groove is reduced by 5-20%; the heat affected area is not formed in the forming process of the second scribing groove in an accumulated mode, and the heat affected width of the formed laser scribing groove is reduced by 5% -10% compared with that of the existing scribing process; the damage to the solar cell is reduced, the proportion of microcracks is correspondingly reduced by 50%, and the load capacity of the photovoltaic module is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a solar cell piece after being diced using a conventional dicing process;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a solar cell diced by the dicing method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the fig. 3 after severing the sheet;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of still another embodiment after sheet severing.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments shown in the drawings. These embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and structural, methodological, or functional changes made by those skilled in the art according to these embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention.
In the various drawings of the present invention, certain dimensions of structures or portions may be exaggerated relative to other structures or portions for convenience of illustration, and thus, are merely used to illustrate the basic structure of the subject matter of the present invention.
At present, scribing process is mainly in a galvanometer mode, and scribing is carried out for multiple times on the same position of a solar cell piece 1' by adopting the same scribing process so as to meet the scribing depth requirement. Research shows that the scribing process can also form an accumulated thermal burning effect on two sides of the scribing groove 2' at the same position to form micro cracks, so that when the assembly is stressed, the assembly is cracked from the micro cracks. Therefore, the scribing process is optimized, microcracks are reduced, and the load risk is reduced.
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the scribing process of the solar cell of the present invention includes the following steps: scribing a long and narrow first scribing groove 21 on the scribing channel of the solar cell slice 1 by using a first laser beam; scribing the bottom of the first scribing groove by using a second laser beam to form a second scribing groove 22 with a long and narrow shape; the first slide groove 21 and the second slide groove 22 together form an elongated laser scribing groove 2.
And the spot size of the first laser beam on the solar cell is larger than that of the second laser beam on the solar cell. Typically, the spot is circular and the spot size is the diameter of the spot.
Compared with the traditional scribing process, the method has the advantages that the first scribing groove 21 is formed on the surface of the solar cell piece 1 through the first laser beam with larger spot size formed on the solar cell piece, the second scribing groove 22 is formed at the bottom of the first scribing groove 21 through the second laser beam with smaller spot size formed on the solar cell piece, and the width of the whole laser scribing groove 2 formed by the first scribing groove 21 and the second scribing groove 22 is reduced by 5-20%; in addition, the forming process of the second scribing groove 22 does not add up to form a heat affected zone, and the heat affected width of the formed laser scribing groove 2 is reduced by 5-10% compared with the existing scribing process; the damage to the solar cell piece 1 is reduced, the proportion of formed microcracks is correspondingly reduced by 50%, and the load capacity of the photovoltaic module is greatly improved.
In a preferred embodiment, the spot size of the first laser beam is between 30um and 40um, and the spot size of the second laser beam is between 20um and 30 um.
The number of scribing times of the first laser beam is smaller than that of the second laser beam, and the depth of the first scribe groove 21 is formed to be smaller than that of the second scribe groove 22. By reducing the number of scribing by the first laser beam and relatively increasing the number of scribing by the second laser beam, the width of the whole laser scribing groove 2 is reduced as much as possible, the thermal influence width is reduced, and the subfissure ratio is reduced on the premise of ensuring the depth of the whole laser scribing groove 2.
In a preferred embodiment, the first laser beam scribes 1-2 knives; and scribing 2-8 cuts by the second laser beam.
Further, the first laser beam is coaxial with the second laser beam, so that the center of the first scribe groove 21 coincides with the center of the second scribe groove 22 in the width direction, avoiding an increase in the width of a heat affected zone due to one side of the second laser beam exceeding the first scribe groove 21 when forming the second scribe groove 22.
In addition, the frequency of the first laser beam is greater than that of the second laser beam, so the output power of the first laser beam is greater than that of the second laser beam, the line width of the first laser beam scribing is greater than that of the second laser beam scribing, and when the second scribing groove 22 is formed, a heat affected zone is reduced or no longer formed, and damage to the solar cell piece 1 is reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, the frequency range of the first laser beam is 500 KHZ-4000 KHZ, and the frequency range of the second laser beam is 400 KHZ-4000 KHZ.
The pulse width of the first laser beam is greater than the pulse width of the second laser beam; therefore, the single-point energy of the first laser beam is greater than the single-point energy of the second laser beam, the line width of the first laser beam scribing is greater than the line width of the second laser beam scribing, and when the second scribing groove 22 is formed, the heat affected zone is reduced or no longer formed, and the damage to the solar cell piece 1 is reduced.
In a preferred embodiment, the pulse width of the first laser beam is 45 ns-65 ns; the pulse width of the second laser beam is 20 ns-40 ns.
In a specific embodiment, a laser with a spot size of 30-40 um, a frequency range of 500-4000 KHZ and a pulse width range of 45-65 ns is selected as a first laser beam, and 1-2 cutters are scribed on a scribing channel of a solar cell to form a first scribing groove 21; and then, using laser with the spot size of 20-30 um, the frequency range of 400-4000 KHZ and the pulse width range of 20-40 ns as a second laser beam, and scribing 2-8 knives at the bottom of the first scribing groove 21 under the condition that the second laser beam is coaxial with the first laser beam to form the second scribing groove 22.
The invention also provides a solar cell piece 1, which comprises an elongated laser scribing groove 2 positioned on one surface of the solar cell piece, wherein the laser scribing groove 2 comprises a first scribing groove 21 and a second scribing groove 22 positioned at the bottom of the first scribing groove 21, and the first scribing groove 21 and the second scribing groove 22 are respectively scribed by two laser beams with different spot sizes in sequence, including but not limited to the scribing method of the solar cell piece.
The width of the whole laser scribing groove 2 can be reduced by 5-20% by arranging the second scribing groove 22 at the bottom of the first scribing groove 21, and the width of the notch of the second scribing groove 22 is not more than the width of the groove bottom of the first scribing groove 21; in addition, the heat affected zone is not formed in an accumulated manner in the process of forming the second scribing groove 22, and the heat affected width of the formed laser scribing groove 2 is reduced by 5-10% compared with that of the existing scribing process; the damage to the solar cell piece 1 is reduced, the proportion of formed microcracks is correspondingly reduced by 50%, and the load capacity of the photovoltaic module is greatly improved.
Further, the depth of the second scribe line 22 is greater than the depth of the first scribe line 21. By reducing the depth of the first scribe groove 21 and relatively increasing the depth of the second scribe groove 22, the width of the entire laser scribe groove 2 is reduced as much as possible, the heat affected width is reduced, and the subfissure ratio is reduced while the depth of the entire laser scribe groove 2 is ensured.
Preferably, the ratio of the depth of the first scribing groove 21 to the depth 22 of the second scribing groove is 1:5 to 1: 10. The depth of the whole laser scribing groove 2 is 40-60% of the depth of the solar cell 1, so that the subsequent breaking-off is facilitated.
Further, the center of the first scribe groove 21 in the width direction coincides with the center of the second scribe groove 22 in the width direction, so that on one hand, damage to the side wall of the first scribe groove 21 when the second scribe groove 22 is formed is avoided, and the thermal influence width is enlarged; on the other hand, when the solar cell is subsequently broken, the stress on the two sides of the laser scribing groove 2 is uniform, so that the solar cell 1 is prevented from being unnecessarily damaged.
The energy of the light spots of the laser beams is in Gaussian distribution, the energy of the centers of the light spots is larger than that of the edges, and in the scribing process, powder can be deposited on two sides of the formed scribing groove if the powder does not escape in time after the silicon wafer is gasified, so that the scribing groove with the conical section can be formed if the same laser beam is continuously scribed at the same position for multiple times. . In the invention, the laser scribing grooves 2 are sequentially scribed by two laser beams with different spot sizes, and in a preferred embodiment, the cross section of the first scribing groove 21 is trapezoidal; the cross section of the second scribing groove 22 is triangular, which facilitates scribing and subsequent breaking.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the strip-shaped solar cell 3 formed by breaking the solar cell 1 has a first laser cutting area 31 and a second laser cutting area 32 formed by cutting two laser beams respectively distributed on the edge in the thickness direction, and the edge further includes a mechanical fracture area 33 located in the second laser area and away from the first laser cutting area 31.
Preferably, the first laser cutting area 31, the second laser cutting area 32 and the mechanical fracture area 33 are not on the same plane; the two laser regions are respectively formed by the first slide groove 21 and the second slide groove 22, and the mechanical fracture surface is formed by breaking along the bottom of the second slide groove 22.
As shown in fig. 4, when the width of the notch of the second chute 22 is smaller than the width of the bottom of the first chute 21, the first laser cutting area 31 is step-shaped, and includes an inclined area 311 and a platform area 312; or as shown in fig. 5, when the width of the notch of the second sliding chute 22 is consistent with the width of the groove bottom of the first sliding chute 21, the first laser cutting area 31 is an inclined area.
The invention also provides a photovoltaic module which comprises a plurality of strip-shaped solar cells 3 which are mutually connected in series, wherein the edges of the adjacent strip-shaped solar cells 3 are overlapped, and the strip-shaped solar cells 3 are arranged as above.
Specifically, the edge of the laser cutting device has a first laser cutting area 31 and a second laser cutting area 32 in the thickness direction, and the first laser cutting area 31 and the second laser cutting area 32 are respectively scribed by two laser beams in sequence. Preferably, the edge further has a mechanical fracture area 33 located at the second laser area and away from the first laser cutting area 31, the second laser cutting area 32 and the mechanical fracture area 33 are not on the same plane, and the first laser cutting area 31 includes an inclined area 311 and a platform area 312; or the first laser cut region 31 is a slanted region.
In summary, in the invention, a first scribing groove 21 is formed on the surface of a solar cell by a first laser beam with a large spot size formed on the solar cell, and a second scribing groove 22 is formed at the bottom of the first scribing groove 21 by a second laser beam with a small spot size formed on the solar cell, so that the width of the whole laser scribing groove 2 is reduced by 5-20%; in addition, the forming process of the second scribing groove 22 does not add up to form a heat affected zone, and the heat affected width of the formed laser scribing groove 2 is reduced by 5-10% compared with the existing scribing process; the damage to the solar cell is reduced, the proportion of microcracks is correspondingly reduced by 50%, and the load capacity of the photovoltaic module is greatly improved.
It should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment contains only a single technical solution, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should make the description as a whole, and the technical solutions in the embodiments can also be combined appropriately to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. The solar cell piece comprises a long and narrow laser scribing groove located on one surface of the solar cell piece, and is characterized in that the laser scribing groove comprises a first scribing groove and a second scribing groove located at the bottom of the first scribing groove, and the first scribing groove and the second scribing groove are respectively scribed by two beams of laser with different spot sizes in sequence.
2. The solar cell piece of claim 1, wherein the notch width of the second scribe groove is not greater than the groove bottom width of the first scribe groove.
3. The solar cell piece of claim 1, wherein the depth of the second scribe groove is greater than the depth of the first scribe groove.
4. The solar cell slice as claimed in claim 3, wherein the ratio of the depth of the first scribing groove to the depth of the second scribing groove is 1: 5-1: 10.
5. The solar cell sheet according to claim 1, wherein a center of the first scribe groove in the width direction coincides with a center of the second scribe groove in the width direction.
6. The solar cell piece according to claim 1, wherein the first scribe groove has a trapezoidal cross section; the cross section of the second scribing groove is triangular.
7. A scribing method of a solar cell slice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
scribing a solar cell piece on a scribing way by adopting a first laser beam to form a first scribing groove;
scribing at the bottom of the first scribing groove by using a second laser beam to form a second scribing groove;
and the spot size of the first laser beam on the solar cell is larger than that of the second laser beam on the solar cell.
8. The method for scribing the solar cell slice according to claim 7, wherein the scribing times of the first laser beam are less than the scribing times of the spot size of the second laser beam on the solar cell slice.
9. The method for scribing the solar cell slice according to claim 8, wherein the first laser beam scribes 1-2 knives; and scribing 2-8 cuts by the second laser beam.
10. The method for scribing the solar cell wafer according to claim 7, wherein the first laser beam is coaxial with the second laser beam.
11. The method for scribing the solar cell wafer according to claim 7, wherein the frequency of the first laser beam is greater than the frequency of the second laser beam, and/or the pulse width of the first laser beam is greater than the pulse width of the second laser beam.
12. The method for scribing a solar cell wafer according to claim 7, wherein the spot size of the first laser beam is between 30um and 40um, the frequency range is between 500KHZ and 4000KHZ, and the pulse width range is between 45ns and 65 ns; the size of the light spot of the second laser beam is 20 um-30 um, the frequency range is 400 KHZ-4000 KHZ, and the pulse width range is 20 ns-40 ns.
13. The photovoltaic module comprises a plurality of solar cell pieces which are connected in series, wherein the edges of the adjacent solar cell pieces are arranged in an overlapped mode.
14. The photovoltaic module of claim 13, wherein the edge further has a mechanical break area located on the second laser area away from the first laser cut area, the second laser cut area, and the mechanical break area not being on a same plane.
15. The photovoltaic assembly of claim 13, wherein the first laser cut region comprises a sloped region, a plateau region; or the first laser cutting area is an inclined area.
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CN111730217A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-10-02 | 苏州索雷特自动化科技有限公司 | Double-laser thermal cracking cutting device and thermal cracking cutting method for solar cell |
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