CN114442199A - Measuring system and measuring method for measuring effective coefficient of farmland rainfall - Google Patents
Measuring system and measuring method for measuring effective coefficient of farmland rainfall Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G19/00—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups
- G01G19/52—Weighing apparatus combined with other objects, e.g. furniture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G21/00—Details of weighing apparatus
- G01G21/23—Support or suspension of weighing platforms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/02—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by absorbing or adsorbing components of a material and determining change of weight of the adsorbent, e.g. determining moisture content
- G01N5/025—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by absorbing or adsorbing components of a material and determining change of weight of the adsorbent, e.g. determining moisture content for determining moisture content
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring system for measuring a farmland rainfall effective coefficient, which belongs to the technical field of soil moisture data measuring devices and comprises an effective rainfall measuring device and a standard quantity rain barrel, wherein the effective rainfall measuring device comprises a basement and an automatic weighing mechanism arranged in the basement, the automatic weighing mechanism is provided with a collecting barrel, the depth of a containing cavity of the collecting barrel is matched with the depth of a main root of crops, a barrel opening of the collecting barrel extends out of the top wall of the basement and is level with soil of surrounding farmlands, the bottom of the collecting barrel is provided with a water outlet, and the standard quantity rain barrel is arranged at the same farmlands; s1, calculating the effective rainfall according to the weight difference measured by the automatic weighing mechanism; s2, obtaining rainfall according to the standard rain barrel; s3, the ratio of the effective rainfall to the rainfall is the effective rainfall coefficient, and the effective rainfall coefficient of the farmland where the rainfall is located can be intuitively and effectively measured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil water data measuring devices, in particular to a measuring system and a measuring method for measuring an effective coefficient of farmland rainfall.
Background
In arid and semiarid farmlands, rainfall is the main water source for supplementary irrigation. The more fully the crops can effectively utilize rainfall, the less the crops need irrigation, so that the utilization rate of the rainfall in the farmland can be effectively measured, and the method is very important for making an irrigation system. Generally, the utilization rate of rainfall in a farmland is represented by a rainfall effective coefficient, namely the ratio of effective rainfall to total rainfall, and the calculation of the effective rainfall mainly relates to the rainfall, the rainwater intercepted by crops, surface runoff loss and deep seepage loss.
At present, no direct measuring device exists for measuring the effective rainfall, and the rainfall is estimated by three methods at home and abroad, wherein the first method is a traditional empirical estimation model, namely the effective rainfall is the product of the total rainfall and an effective rainfall utilization coefficient (empirical coefficient). The second and third methods are USDA-SCS method and Hershfield method, respectively, which do not consider soil types, and consider that any region can be uniformly estimated by taking the average of common types of soil, climate and soil water storage capacity, so that the applicability of different places is limited. And the influence factors of effective rainfall are numerous, such as total rainfall, rainfall intensity and duration; meteorological factors (including air temperature, humidity, wind speed, etc.); soil texture factors (including terrain, slope, organic quality, etc.); in addition, the water storage capacity of the root layer soil before rainfall, the root depth and the like are added, the traditional empirical estimation model only takes the rainfall as a leading factor, simple reduction calculation analysis is carried out on the secondary rainfall, and then the effective rainfall is obtained, a plurality of important influence factors are ignored in the process, and the calculation result cannot meet the requirement of modern fine farming.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a measuring system and a measuring method for measuring the effective rainfall coefficient of a farmland, which can intuitively, simply and effectively measure the effective rainfall, measure the rainfall through a standard rain barrel and accurately measure the effective rainfall coefficient of the farmland according to the ratio of the effective rainfall to the rainfall.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a measuring system for measuring the effective coefficient of farmland rainfall, which comprises an effective rainfall measuring device and a standard quantity rain barrel, wherein the effective rainfall measuring device comprises a basement arranged under a farmland, and an automatic weighing mechanism arranged in the basement, the automatic weighing mechanism is provided with a collecting barrel filled with soil the same as that of the surrounding farmland, the depth of an accommodating cavity of the collecting barrel is matched with the depth of the root of a crop main body, a barrel opening of the collecting barrel extends out of the top wall of the basement and is level with the soil of the surrounding farmland, the bottom of the collecting barrel is provided with a water outlet, and the standard quantity rain barrel is arranged at the same farmland.
Preferably, the surface soil in the collecting barrel is provided with a plurality of TDR detectors with different depths.
Preferably, the buried depths of the TDR detectors are 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm and 25cm, respectively.
Preferably, a plurality of tensiometers with different depths are arranged in the collecting barrel from surface soil to bottom soil.
Preferably, the buried depths of the tensiometer are 20cm, 40cm, 60cm, 80cm and 100cm, respectively.
Preferably, the bung hole is the slope opening the same with the farmland slope all around, slope incline direction the same, and slope open-ended bottom is equipped with runoff collection device.
Preferably, the runoff collecting device comprises a runoff collecting measuring cylinder attached to the side wall of the collecting tank and a guide plate for guiding soil runoff at the tank opening to flow into the runoff collecting measuring cylinder, and the guide plate is inverted-splayed.
Preferably, the basement is provided with a deep seepage collecting device communicated with the water outlet.
Preferably, there is a cavity between the outer wall of the collection bucket and the inner wall of the basement.
Also discloses a measuring method for measuring the effective coefficient of rainfall in the farmland, which comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the effective rainfall according to the weight difference of the collecting bucket before rainfall and when the rainfall stops, which is measured by the automatic weighing mechanism;
s2, acquiring rainfall when the rainfall stops according to the standard rain measuring bucket;
and S3, obtaining the effective rainfall coefficient according to the ratio of the effective rainfall to the rainfall.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the rainfall can be measured once through the rain cylinder with the standard amount, the surrounding soil environment, the crop growth condition and the collected rainwater can be simulated through the collecting barrel, the effective rainfall of the local farmland can be obtained under the condition that the weight change before and after the rainfall is measured once under the action of the automatic weighing mechanism, and the rainfall effective coefficient can be obtained through the ratio of the effective rainfall to the rainfall.
2. The runoff collecting device is additionally arranged at the bottom of the bucket opening, the runoff rainfall runoff can be measured, the deep-layer leakage collecting device is additionally arranged at the bottom of the collecting bucket, the deep-layer leakage runoff can be measured, and an important reference basis is provided for water required by irrigation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an effective rainfall measurement device;
fig. 2 is a plan view of an effective rainfall measuring device.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a basement; 2. an automatic weighing mechanism; 3. a collection barrel; 4. a bung hole; 5. farmland soil; 6. a water outlet; 7. a runoff collection measuring cylinder; 8. a baffle; 9. a deep seepage collection device; 10. a 20cm deep tensiometer; 11. a 40cm deep tensiometer; 12. a 60cm deep tensiometer; 13. a 80cm deep tensiometer; 14. a 100cm deep tensiometer; 15. a 5cm deep TDR detector; 16. a 10cm deep TDR detector; 17. a 15cm deep TDR detector; 18. a 20cm deep TDR detector; 19. a 25cm deep TDR detector; 20. air; 21. a crop; 22. covering a backing plate; 23. the direction of the runoff.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a measuring system for measuring an effective coefficient of rainfall in a farmland, which comprises an effective rainfall measuring device and a standard quantity rain barrel, wherein the standard quantity rain barrel is arranged beside the effective rainfall measuring device, as shown in fig. 1 to 2. The effective rainfall capacity measuring device comprises a basement 1, an automatic weighing mechanism 2 and a collecting barrel 3; a pit is dug at a preset position of a farmland, the basement 1 is obtained by covering the pit with a sealing pad 22, and an opening is arranged in the middle of the sealing pad 22. Automatic weighing mechanism 2 installs on the diapire of basement 1, and collecting vessel 3 is laid to automatic weighing mechanism 2's top, and automatic weighing mechanism 2 can weigh collecting vessel 3 automatically. Soil in the farmland is filled up in collecting vessel 3, and basement 1 is stretched out through the opening at closing cap backing plate 22 middle part to bung hole 4 of collecting vessel 3, and bung hole 4 and 5 parallel and level of farmland soil on every side of collecting vessel 3 make the soil of bung hole 4 department also with 5 parallel and level of farmland soil on every side, and crop 21 is planted to bung hole 4 department, and crop 21's kind, seeding density and growth phase are unanimous with the actual measurement field. The depth of the inner cavity of the collecting barrel 3 is approximately the same as the depth of the main root of the crop 21, and the bottom of the collecting barrel 3 is provided with a water outlet 6.
One rainfall is divided into two conditions of secondary rainfall and effective rainfall.
Secondary rainfall: the rainfall is mainly less than 5mm, and the rainfall is absorbed and trapped by the leaves and the stalks of the crops 21 and cannot reach the root areas of the crops 21, so that no contribution is made to the water quantity of the root areas of the farmland, and the rainfall is called as secondary rainfall or ineffective rainfall. At this time, the moisture of the soil in the collecting barrel 3 is not changed, the effective rainfall is 0mm, and the effective rainfall coefficient is 0.
Effective rainfall is divided into three cases:
firstly, rainfall is larger than 5mm, surface runoff is not generated, the effective rainfall is the rainfall entering the soil layer (namely the rainfall entering the collecting barrel 3), the effective rainfall is calculated according to the weight difference of the collecting barrel 3 measured by the automatic weighing mechanism 2 before rainfall and when the rainfall stops, the rainfall is obtained according to a standard rainfall cylinder, and the effective rainfall coefficient is the ratio of the effective rainfall to the rainfall at the moment;
secondly, rainfall larger than 5mm, wherein one part of the rainfall is lost in the form of ground runoff, the other part of the rainfall permeates into the collecting barrel 3, but deep seepage is not formed, the effective rainfall at this time is the rainfall entering the soil layer (namely the rainfall entering the collecting barrel 3), the effective rainfall is calculated according to the weight difference measured by the automatic weighing mechanism 2, and the ratio of the effective rainfall to the rainfall obtained by the standard rainfall cylinder is the effective rainfall coefficient;
thirdly, one part of rainfall is lost through the form of ground runoff, the other part of rainfall permeates into the collecting barrel 3 and continues to infiltrate to form deep seepage, the effective rainfall at this time is the rainfall remained in the soil layer, namely the rainfall entering the soil layer subtracts the rainfall leaked out (namely the rainfall remained in the collecting barrel 3 finally), the weight difference value of the collecting barrel 3 is measured according to the automatic weighing mechanism 2, the effective rainfall is calculated, and the ratio of the calculated effective rainfall to the rainfall obtained by the standard rainfall barrel is the effective rainfall coefficient.
In this embodiment, the surface soil in the collecting vessel 3 is provided with TDR detectors of different depths, and when soil moisture detected by the TDR detectors just changed, it indicates that ineffective rainfall has ended, and the measured value of the standard rain barrel at this time is the value of ineffective rainfall. And the moisture content of the soil at different depths can be measured through TDR detectors at different depths.
In the present embodiment, the TDR detectors include a 5cm deep TDR detector 15, a 10cm deep TDR detector 16, a 15cm deep TDR detector 17, a 20cm deep TDR detector 18, and a 25cm deep TDR detector 19.
In this embodiment, be equipped with the tensiometer of a plurality of different degree of depth from top soil to bottom soil in the collecting vessel 3, the tensiometer is located the offside of TDR detector. After the soil at a certain depth is saturated with water, the value of the tensiometer at the corresponding layer is 0, and when the values of all the tensiometers are 0, the bottom of the collecting barrel 3 begins to generate deep leakage.
In the present embodiment, the tensiometer includes a 20cm deep tensiometer 10; a 40cm deep tensiometer 11; a 60cm deep tensiometer 12; a 80cm deep tensiometer 13; a 100cm deep tensiometer 14.
In the embodiment, the bung hole 4 is an inclined opening, and the inclination angle and the inclination direction are the same as the gradient of the surrounding farmland, and the gradient inclination direction is the same, so that the soil at the bung hole 4 is consistent with the soil 5 of the surrounding farmland; a runoff collecting device is arranged at the slope bottom of the bucket opening 4, surface runoff of the soil can be collected, the loss amount of the surface runoff is measured, and the runoff direction 23 is shown in a reference figure 2.
In this embodiment, the runoff collecting device comprises a runoff collecting measuring cylinder 7 and two guide plates 8, wherein the runoff collecting measuring cylinder 7 is a semicircular cylinder and is inserted into the farmland and attached to the side wall of the collecting barrel 3. The two guide plates 8 are fixed on the bung 4 in an inverted splayed shape, the small opening ends of the guide plates 8 are aligned with the straight side walls of the semicircular cylinders, and the large opening ends of the guide plates 8 are aligned with the top corners of the bung 4.
In this embodiment, a deep leakage collecting device 9 is disposed in the basement 1, the deep leakage collecting device 9 may be a water tank, and the water tank is communicated with the water outlet 6. When the water in the collecting barrel 3 exceeds the water amount which can be stored in the soil, the water can automatically enter the deep leakage collecting device 9 to obtain the deep leakage loss amount.
In this embodiment, have the cavity between the outer wall of collecting vessel 3 and the inner wall of basement 1, be full of air 20 in the cavity, can block that soil around the basement 1 causes the influence to the soil in the collecting vessel 3.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a method for measuring an effective coefficient of rainfall in a farmland, which comprises the following steps as shown in fig. 1 to 2:
s1, calculating the effective rainfall according to the weight difference of the collecting bucket 3 before rainfall and when the rainfall stops, which is measured by the automatic weighing mechanism 2;
s2, acquiring rainfall from before rainfall to when the rainfall stops according to the standard rain measuring bucket;
and S3, obtaining the effective rainfall coefficient according to the ratio of the effective rainfall to the rainfall.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a measure measurement system of farmland rainfall effective coefficient, a serial communication port, including effective rainfall measuring device, standard quantity rain barrel, effective rainfall measuring device is including setting up basement, the setting under the farmland the inside automatic weighing mechanism of basement, be equipped with the collecting vessel of filling with the same soil in farmland on every side in the automatic weighing mechanism, the appearance chamber degree of depth and the main root degree of depth phase-match of crops of collecting vessel, the bung hole of collecting vessel stretches out the roof of basement just the soil parallel and level in bung hole and farmland on every side, the bottom of collecting vessel is equipped with the outlet, standard quantity rain barrel sets up in same farmland department.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the surface soil of the collecting vessel is provided with a plurality of TDR detectors of different depths.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the tensiometer is arranged in the collection barrel at different depths from surface soil to bottom soil.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the bucket opening is an inclined opening with the same slope and the same slope inclination direction as the surrounding farmland, and a runoff collecting device is arranged at the bottom of the inclined opening.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein a deep seepage collection device is disposed in the basement and is in communication with the drainage outlet.
6. A measuring method for measuring the effective coefficient of rainfall in a farmland is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, calculating the effective rainfall according to the weight difference of the collecting bucket before rainfall and when the rainfall stops, which is measured by the automatic weighing mechanism;
s2, acquiring rainfall when the rainfall stops according to the standard rain measuring bucket;
and S3, obtaining the effective rainfall coefficient according to the ratio of the effective rainfall to the rainfall.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111573506.8A CN114442199A (en) | 2021-12-21 | 2021-12-21 | Measuring system and measuring method for measuring effective coefficient of farmland rainfall |
| NL2031292A NL2031292B9 (en) | 2021-12-21 | 2022-03-15 | Measuring system and measuring method for measuring an effective rainfall coefficient on farmland |
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| CN202111573506.8A CN114442199A (en) | 2021-12-21 | 2021-12-21 | Measuring system and measuring method for measuring effective coefficient of farmland rainfall |
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| CN114442199A true CN114442199A (en) | 2022-05-06 |
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2021
- 2021-12-21 CN CN202111573506.8A patent/CN114442199A/en active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL2031292B9 (en) | 2024-02-23 |
| NL2031292A (en) | 2023-06-29 |
| NL2031292B1 (en) | 2024-01-25 |
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