CN114440451B - Intelligent air energy water heater and use method thereof - Google Patents
Intelligent air energy water heater and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114440451B CN114440451B CN202210193718.1A CN202210193718A CN114440451B CN 114440451 B CN114440451 B CN 114440451B CN 202210193718 A CN202210193718 A CN 202210193718A CN 114440451 B CN114440451 B CN 114440451B
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 335
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
- F24H4/02—Water heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent air energy water heater and a use method thereof, wherein the air energy water heater comprises a refrigerant loop, a water control loop and a variable frequency controller, the structures and pipe network layout of the refrigerant loop and the water control loop are simpler, the switching control of working modes is convenient, the functions are comprehensive, the switching control of circulating heating, backwater heating and constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply can be realized only by controlling a second four-way valve, the simplicity of a control system is further realized, and the stability of the water supply temperature and pressure can be effectively improved on the basis of greatly simplifying the system structure, hardware cost and energy consumption cost. The invention can accurately and reliably predict whether the copper pipe has frosting and the frosting degree, and provides a basis for the optimization control of the subsequent defrosting. The invention organically combines vibration defrosting, piezoelectric defrosting and hot defrosting, can effectively improve the defrosting effect, quickens the defrosting process and improves the overall performance of the air energy water heater.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water heaters, in particular to an intelligent air energy water heater and a use method thereof.
Background
The air energy water heater is widely applied to hot water supply of families, enterprises and public institutions and residential buildings and indoor heating in winter due to the advantages of high efficiency, energy conservation and environmental protection. However, during winter use, the copper tubes of the evaporator heat exchanger may frost due to the lower outdoor temperature. Frosting is a serious problem faced by air-powered water heaters, which not only affects the efficiency and user comfort of the air-powered water heater, but also causes a great reduction in life and reliability when the air-powered water heater is operated in a frosted state for a long time. Whether the air energy water heater frosts and frosting degree are judged rapidly and accurately, and effective defrosting is a problem to be solved by the air energy water heater.
In addition, in order to meet the demands of users for water temperature and pressure stability indexes and hot water for instant use, the air energy water heater must have three working modes, namely: a circulation heating mode, a backwater heating mode and a constant pressure water supply mode. The circulation heating mode maintains control of the water temperature of the water tank by circulating heating of water in the water tank when the user does not use water. When the temperature of a backwater end temperature sensor is lower than a set temperature threshold value, the backwater heating mode controls the backwater end electromagnetic valve and the water pump to operate, discharges low-temperature water in the backwater pipe to heat, and injects the high-temperature water in the water tank into a pipe network to realize the demand of instant-on and instant-use hot water. When the constant pressure water supply mode detects water consumption of a user, comprehensive control of water temperature, water level and water pressure of the water tank is needed, stability of the water temperature and the pressure and control of the water level of the water tank are guaranteed. How to efficiently, simply and reliably realize the circulating heating mode, the backwater heating mode and the constant pressure water supply mode of the air energy water heater and the corresponding performance indexes thereof is another problem which needs to be solved by the air energy water heater.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent air energy water heater and a using method thereof. The air energy water heater has the advantages of simple structure, more convenient control and comprehensive functions, can be used for predicting frosting and defrosting after frosting, and prolongs the service life of the air energy water heater.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an intelligent air energy water heater comprises a refrigerant loop, a water control loop and a variable frequency controller; the refrigerant loop comprises an evaporator, a first four-way valve, a gas-liquid separator, a compressor, a heat exchanger, a liquid storage tank, an expansion valve and a filter; the evaporator is connected with the 1 end of the first four-way valve, the 2 end of the first four-way valve is connected with the gas-liquid separator, the gas-liquid separator is connected with the compressor, and the compressor is connected with the 3 end of the first four-way valve; the 4 end of the first four-way valve is connected with the heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is connected with the liquid storage tank, the liquid storage tank is connected with the filter through the expansion valve, and the filter is connected with the evaporator; the water control loop comprises a water tank, a water pump, a three-way valve, a one-way stop valve, an air pressure tank, a pressure gauge, a backwater temperature sensor, a second four-way valve and an opening regulating valve; the water tank is connected with the heat exchanger, the water outlet of the water tank is connected with the water pump, the water pump is connected with the one-way stop valve through the three-way valve, the one-way stop valve is connected with the water outlet pipeline, and the water outlet pipeline is connected with the water return pipeline; the end 1 of the second four-way valve is connected with the heat exchanger, the end 2 of the second four-way valve is connected with the three-way valve, the end 3 of the second four-way valve is connected with the return water pipeline motor, and the end 4 of the second four-way valve is connected with the water inlet pipeline; the air pressure tank and the pressure gauge are connected to the water outlet pipeline; the backwater temperature sensor is arranged on the backwater pipeline; the opening regulating valve is connected to the water inlet pipeline; the variable frequency controller is electrically connected with the first four-way valve, the compressor, the water tank, the water pump, the pressure gauge, the second four-way valve, the backwater temperature sensor and the opening regulating valve respectively; the variable frequency controller is also connected with an ambient temperature sensor and a relative humidity sensor;
when the air energy water heater performs defrosting operation, a compressed air pressure value of the compressor is obtained, and the compressed air pressure value of the compressor under the normal non-frosting condition is obtained, so that a ratio coefficient of the compressed air pressure value and the compressed air pressure value is obtained, a gray prediction model is obtained by using the ratio coefficient and the running power of the compressor, the frosting fault degree is represented by using the reduction degree of the ratio coefficient, and the frosting degree of the evaporator of the air energy water heater is judged by analyzing the mathematical expression of the gray prediction model.
The intelligent air energy water heater comprises a disc-shaped copper pipe, and a piezoelectric defrosting unit is clung to or wound on the disc-shaped copper pipe.
In the intelligent air energy water heater, a plurality of electric vibrators are arranged around the disc-shaped copper pipe.
According to the intelligent air energy water heater, the fixed part of the electric vibrator is fixed on the end face of the outdoor unit, and the movable part and the disc-type copper pipe are spaced.
According to the application method of the intelligent air energy water heater, the variable frequency controller is used for controlling the operation of the refrigerant loop and the water control loop by collecting the ambient temperature, the ambient relative humidity, the pipe network water pressure and the backwater end temperature and collecting the compressor outlet gas pressure data, so that the heating work and the defrosting work of the air energy water heater are realized.
In the method for using the intelligent air energy water heater, when the intelligent air energy water heater heats, the refrigerant in the refrigerant loop absorbs heat energy in air in the copper pipe of the evaporator to gasify, the heat energy is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the first four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator and the compressor, and the heat energy is released to water flowing through the heat exchanger to heat the water; after releasing heat energy, the refrigerant returns to the evaporator again to perform the next heat exchange after passing through the liquid storage tank, the expansion valve and the filter;
in a heating working mode, the water control loop realizes three working states including a cyclic heating working state, a backwater heating working state and constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply; in the cyclic heating working state, when the variable frequency controller does not detect the conditions that the water consumption of a user and the temperature of the tail end water return in the water return pipeline is too low, the 1 end and the 2 end of the second four-way valve are communicated, water flows out from the water tank, and returns to the water tank after sequentially passing through the water pump, the three-way valve, the second four-way valve and the heat exchanger; after the variable frequency controller samples the water temperature of the water tank and executes a water temperature control algorithm, the operation parameters of the compressor and the operation parameters of the water pump are coordinated, so that the water heater efficiency is optimal while the water temperature of the water tank is constant; in a backwater heating working state, when the variable frequency controller detects that the end backwater temperature is lower than the set backwater end temperature lower limit threshold, communicating the 1 end and the 3 end of the second four-way valve, and enabling water to flow out of the water tank, and returning to the water tank again after sequentially passing through the water pump, the three-way valve, the one-way stop valve, the water outlet pipeline, the backwater pipeline, the second four-way valve and the heat exchanger; the variable frequency controller rapidly heats low-temperature water in the pipeline by controlling the rotating speed of the water pump and the power of the compressor, and injects the high-temperature water in the water tank into the pipeline until the temperature of the backwater end reaches the set upper limit threshold of the backwater end temperature; in a constant temperature and constant pressure water supply state, when the variable frequency controller detects water used by a user through the pressure gauge, the 1 end and the 4 end of the second four-way valve are communicated, hot water flows out of the water tank, and sequentially passes through the water pump, the three-way valve, the one-way stop valve and the water outlet pipeline to reach the user end, so that hot water meeting requirements is provided for the user, the running speed of the water pump is determined by the water supply constant pressure control algorithm, and the running frequency of the water pump is determined, so that the water pressure of the user is stable; the reduced hot water in the water tank is supplemented by controlling the opening of the opening regulating valve; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller runs a water temperature control algorithm, adjusts the power of the compressor in real time, heats low-temperature water injected by the opening adjusting valve, and ensures the temperature of the water tank.
The method for using the intelligent air energy water heater comprises the steps that a piezoelectric defrosting unit is clung to or wound on a disc-shaped copper pipe, and an electric vibrator is arranged around the disc-shaped copper pipe of the evaporator; the variable frequency controller realizes strain stress and resonance stress frost breaking by driving the piezoelectric defrosting unit and the electric vibrator, breaks the frost adhered on the copper pipe into small frost, and shakes most of the broken frost off by vibration; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller switches the mode of the first four-way valve, the refrigerant absorbs the heat energy of water in the heat exchanger to gasify, the heat energy is released to frost attached to the copper pipe in the evaporator after being compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the first four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator and the compressor, the melting speed of crushing the frost is increased, and the defrosting process of the air energy water heater is improved; after releasing heat energy, the refrigerant returns to the heat exchanger again to perform the next heat exchange after passing through the filter, the expansion valve and the liquid storage tank; under the defrosting working condition, the variable frequency controller communicates the 1 end and the 2 end of the second four-way valve, high-temperature hot water in the water tank flows out of the water tank, sequentially passes through the water pump, the three-way valve and the second four-way valve, heat in the high-temperature hot water after reaching the heat exchanger is absorbed by a refrigerant at the other side of the heat exchanger, and water after releasing the heat flows out of the heat exchanger and returns to the water tank again; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller realizes the control of the hot defrosting speed by adjusting the running speed of the water pump.
According to the application method of the intelligent air energy water heater, a frosting prediction algorithm is arranged in the variable frequency controller, and frosting prediction is performed through the frosting prediction algorithm, and the method comprises the following steps of:
(1) Acquiring the temperature of the environment on the same dayDegree T amb Relative humidity of environment H amb Judging whether the air energy water heater is currently in a frosting operation boundary range or not; if yes, go to step (2); otherwise, exiting;
(2) Executing the frosting prediction algorithm at intervals of delta T from the moment, and defining that each parameter needs to be sampled with n data when the judgment algorithm is executed, wherein the sampling period is T s ；
(3) Power P to compressor comp And refrigerant high pressure gas pressure P press Sampling n data, respectively recorded as: { P comp (1),P comp (2),…,P comp (n) } and { P press (1),P press (2),…,P press (n) }; and obtain the normal non-frosting condition, the power of the compressor is { P } comp (1),P comp (2),…,P comp Refrigerant high pressure gas pressure at (n) } times
(4) Calculating the ratio of the refrigerant high-pressure gas pressure in the frosting operation boundary range to the refrigerant high-pressure gas pressure in the normal non-frosting condition:
obtaining a ratio array { lambda (1), lambda (2), …, lambda (n) };
acquiring power array { P } comp (i) Minimum value of }Maximum->Obtaining the equal interval amount +.>And establishing an equal interval array->Wherein->
With power array { P ] comp (1),…,P comp (n) is an independent variable discrete value, the ratio arrays { lambda (1), lambda (2), …, lambda (n) are used as dependent variable discrete values, and an interpolation algorithm is used to obtain an equal interval arrayCorresponding sequence->
(5) Based on a one-time accumulation mode, the method for sequencingGenerating a New sequence->Satisfy->
Establishing differential equations based on the new sequence and the array of equal space amounts:
wherein a is a development coefficient, and mu is an ash action amount;
solving for parameter vectors to be estimatedAnd the differential equation to obtain a gray prediction model
For predicted sequencesReducing to obtain a reduced sequence->Mathematical expressions of the predictive model of (a):
(6) Defining a degree of association r:
(7) Judging whether r is more than or equal to ζ, if yes, entering the step (8); otherwise, returning to the step (2);
(8) Judging whether a is more than or equal to theta and whether theta is a threshold value, if so, enabling the air energy water heater to operate in a frosting fault mode, and entering a step (9); otherwise, entering the step (2);
(9) Solving frosting failure degree alpha=a/a max And then the frosting fault degree alpha of the air energy water heater is obtained.
The application method of the intelligent air energy water heater comprises the following steps of:
(1) and obtaining the frosting degree alpha.
(2) According to the function delta=s (α) and the function F 1 ＝f 1 (alpha) calculating the strain delta and frequency F required to be generated by the piezoelectric defrosting unit when the frosting degree is alpha 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to a functionCalculating the resulting strain delta and frequency F 1 Voltage applied to the piezoelectric defrosting unit when needed>
(3) According to function a=h (α) and function F 2 ＝f 2 Calculating the vibration amplitude A and the frequency F required by the vibrator when the frosting degree is alpha 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to a functionCalculating the vibrator generation amplitude A and frequency F 2 Output current vector of time driving power supply>
(4) Controlling the first four-way valve to switch from a heating mode to a defrosting mode and according to the power P of the compressor in the defrosting mode comp Functional relation P with frosting degree alpha comp =d_frest (α), obtaining the compressor operating power setpointRealizing quick and reliable defrosting;
(5) will beAnd->Respectively as a power supply output voltage of the piezoelectric defrosting unit, a power supply output current of the electric vibrator and a compressor operation power set value;
(6) the piezoelectric unit, the vibrator, the first four-way valve and the compressor are driven to defrost.
Compared with the prior art, the air energy water heater comprises the refrigerant loop, the water control loop and the variable frequency controller, the structure and the pipe network layout of the refrigerant loop and the water control loop are simpler, the switching control of the working modes is convenient, the function is comprehensive, the switching control of the circulating heating, the backwater heating and the constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply can be realized only by controlling the second four-way valve, and the simplicity of a control system is further realized; on the other hand, only adopt single variable frequency water pump in whole water route return circuit, when realizing circulation heating, return water heating and constant temperature constant pressure water supply, it all adopts the variable frequency adjustment scheme with the compressor, on simplifying system architecture, hardware cost and energy consumption cost's basis by a wide margin, can effectively promote the stability of water supply temperature and pressure. In addition, the invention also provides a frost prediction method, which can accurately and reliably predict whether the copper pipe has frost and the frost degree, and provides a basis for the optimization control of subsequent defrosting. And secondly, the invention organically combines vibration defrosting, piezoelectric defrosting and hot defrosting, can effectively improve defrosting effect, quickens defrosting process, reduces defrosting energy consumption, eliminates water temperature/room temperature from greatly reducing, and improves the overall performance of the air energy water heater.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an air energy water heater section;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a copper tube section;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an arrangement of a piezoelectric defrost unit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the copper tube and vibrator;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the whole working algorithm of the air energy water heater.
Reference numerals:
1. a refrigerant circuit; 2. a water control loop; 3. a variable frequency controller; 4. an evaporator; 5. a first four-way valve; 6. a gas-liquid separator; 7. a compressor; 8. a heat exchanger; 9. a liquid storage tank; 10. an expansion valve; 11. a filter; 12. a water tank; 13. a water pump; 14. a three-way valve; 15. a one-way stop valve; 16. an air pressure tank; 17. a pressure gauge; 18. a backwater temperature sensor; 19. a second four-way valve; 20. an opening regulating valve; 21. a water outlet pipeline; 22. a water return line; 23. piezoelectric defrosting; 24. a vibrator.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
Examples: an intelligent air energy water heater, as shown in figure 1, comprises a refrigerant loop 1, a water control loop 2 and a variable frequency controller 3; the refrigerant loop 1 comprises an evaporator 4, a first four-way valve 5, a gas-liquid separator 6, a compressor 7, a heat exchanger 8, a liquid storage tank 9, an expansion valve 10 and a filter 11; the evaporator 4 is connected with the 1 end of the first four-way valve 5, the 2 end of the first four-way valve 5 is connected with the gas-liquid separator 6, the gas-liquid separator 6 is connected with the compressor 7, and the compressor 7 is connected with the 3 end of the first four-way valve 5; the 4 end of the first four-way valve 5 is connected with a heat exchanger 8; the heat exchanger 8 is connected with a liquid storage tank, the liquid storage tank is connected with a filter 11 through an expansion valve 10, and the filter 11 is connected with the evaporator 4; the water control loop 2 comprises a water tank 12, a water pump 13, a three-way valve 14, a one-way stop valve 15, an air pressure tank 16, a pressure gauge 17, a backwater temperature sensor 18, a second four-way valve 19 and an opening regulating valve 20; the water tank 12 is connected with the heat exchanger 8, a water outlet of the water tank 12 is connected with the water pump 13, the water pump 13 is connected with the one-way stop valve 15 through the three-way valve 14, the one-way stop valve 15 is connected with the water outlet pipeline 21, and the water outlet pipeline 21 is connected with the water return pipeline 22; the end 1 of the second four-way valve 19 is connected with the heat exchanger 8, the end 2 is connected with the three-way valve 14, the end 3 is connected with the motor of the water return pipeline 22, and the end 4 is connected with the water inlet pipeline; the air pressure tank 16 and the pressure gauge 17 are connected to an outlet pipeline 21; the backwater temperature sensor 18 is arranged on the backwater pipeline 22; the opening regulating valve is connected to the water inlet pipeline; the variable frequency controller 3 is respectively and electrically connected with the first four-way valve 5, the compressor 7, the water tank 12, the water pump 13, the pressure gauge 17, the second four-way valve 19, the backwater temperature sensor 18 and the opening regulating valve 20; the variable frequency controller 3 is also connected with an ambient temperature sensor and a relative humidity sensor.
When the air energy water heater in the implementation works, the variable frequency controller 3 is used for collecting the ambient temperature, the ambient relative humidity, the pipe network water pressure and the backwater tail end temperature and collecting the gas pressure data at the outlet of the compressor 7, so that the operation of the refrigerant loop 1 and the water control loop 2 is controlled, and the heating work and the defrosting work of the air energy water heater are realized.
During heating operation, the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 1 absorbs heat energy in air in a copper pipe of the evaporator 4 to gasify, the heat energy is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the first four-way valve 5, the gas-liquid separator 6 and the compressor 7, and the heat energy is released to water flowing through the heat exchanger 8 to heat the water; after releasing heat energy, the refrigerant returns to the evaporator 4 again for the next heat exchange after passing through the liquid storage tank 9, the expansion valve 10 and the filter 11;
in a heating working mode, the water control loop 2 realizes three working states including a circulating heating working state, a backwater heating working state and constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply; in the cyclic heating working state, when the frequency conversion controller 3 does not detect the conditions that the water consumption of a user and the temperature of the tail end return water in the return water pipeline 22 is too low, the 1 end and the 2 end of the second four-way valve 19 are communicated, water flows out of the water tank 12, sequentially passes through the water pump 13, the three-way valve 14, the second four-way valve 19 and the heat exchanger 8, and returns to the water tank 12 again; after the variable frequency controller 3 samples the water temperature of the water tank 12 and executes a water temperature control algorithm, the operation parameters of the compressor 7 and the operation parameters of the water pump 13 are coordinated, so that the water heater efficiency is optimal while the water temperature of the water tank 12 is constant; in the backwater heating working state, when the variable frequency controller 3 detects that the end backwater temperature is lower than the set backwater end temperature lower limit threshold value, the 1 end and the 3 end of the second four-way valve 19 are communicated, water flows out from the water tank 12, sequentially passes through the water pump 13, the three-way valve 14, the one-way stop valve 15, the water outlet pipeline 21, the backwater pipeline 22, the second four-way valve 19 and the heat exchanger 8, and returns to the water tank 12 again; the variable frequency controller 3 rapidly heats the low-temperature water in the pipeline by controlling the rotating speed of the water pump 13 and the power of the compressor 7, and injects the high-temperature water in the water tank 12 into the pipeline until the temperature of the backwater end reaches the set upper limit threshold of the backwater end temperature; in a constant temperature and constant pressure water supply state, when the variable frequency controller 3 detects water used by a user through the pressure gauge 17, the 1 end and the 4 end of the second four-way valve 19 are communicated, hot water flows out from the water tank 12 and sequentially reaches the user end through the water pump 13, the three-way valve 14, the one-way stop valve 15 and the water outlet pipeline 21, hot water meeting requirements is provided for the user, the running rotation speed of the water pump 13 is determined by the water supply constant pressure control algorithm, and the running frequency of the water pump 13 is determined, so that the water pressure of the user is stable; the reduced hot water in the water tank 12 is replenished by controlling the opening of the opening regulating valve 20; at the same time, the variable frequency controller 3 runs a water temperature control algorithm to adjust the power of the compressor 7 in real time, and heats the low-temperature water injected from the opening degree adjusting valve 20 to ensure the temperature of the water tank 12.
The defrosting operation is to attach or wind the piezoelectric defrosting unit to the disc-shaped copper tube, and the electric vibrator is mounted around the disc-shaped copper tube of the evaporator, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3 and 4, the evaporator 4 comprises the disc-shaped copper tube, the piezoelectric defrosting unit 23 is attached or wound on the disc-shaped copper tube, and a plurality of electric vibrators are mounted around the disc-shaped copper tube. The variable frequency controller realizes strain stress and resonance stress frost breaking by driving the piezoelectric defrosting unit and the electric vibrator, breaks the frost adhered on the copper pipe into small frost, and shakes most of the broken frost off by vibration; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller switches the mode of the first four-way valve, the refrigerant absorbs the heat energy of water in the heat exchanger to gasify, the heat energy is released to frost attached to the copper pipe in the evaporator after being compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the first four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator and the compressor, the melting speed of crushing the frost is increased, and the defrosting process of the air energy water heater is improved; after releasing the heat energy, the refrigerant passes through the filter, the expansion valve and the liquid storage tank and returns to the heat exchanger again for the next heat exchange. Under the defrosting working condition, the variable frequency controller communicates the 1 end and the 2 end of the second four-way valve, high-temperature hot water in the water tank flows out of the water tank, sequentially passes through the water pump, the three-way valve and the second four-way valve, heat in the high-temperature hot water after reaching the heat exchanger is absorbed by a refrigerant at the other side of the heat exchanger, and water after releasing the heat flows out of the heat exchanger and returns to the water tank again; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller realizes the control of the hot defrosting speed by adjusting the running speed of the water pump. The vibration unit consists of a plurality of electric vibrators, the fixed parts of the electric vibrators are respectively fixed on the end face of the outdoor unit, and certain intervals are reserved between the movable parts and the disc-type copper pipe. The vibrator output amplitude and frequency parameters, as well as the number and location of installations, can be determined synthetically by theoretical simulation analysis and experimental test results, as well as cost and system complexity. As known from physical knowledge, when the copper tube frosts, the natural vibration frequency of the copper tube changes, and the frequency value is related to the frosting degree. When the frequency of the external vibration excitation is equal to or close to the natural frequency, the frosted copper pipe resonates. At this time, the stress of the frost attached to the copper pipe can be adjusted by controlling the amplitude of the external vibration. When the amplitude of the external excitation vibration reaches a certain value, the frost adhered to the copper pipe is crushed, and most of the crushed frost falls along with the vibration. The amplitude and the frequency of the vibrator are controlled by the amplitude and the frequency of the output current of the connected driving power supply, and the purpose of quick and efficient defrosting is realized by optimally controlling the current parameters of the driving power supply of the vibrator. When the disc-shaped copper pipe is frosted or ice-covered, vibration is applied to the copper pipe by driving the electric vibrator, the vibration frequency of the vibration is equal to or close to the natural frequency of the disc-shaped copper pipe during frosting, resonance is generated, on one hand, frost adhered to the copper pipe is broken due to huge resonance stress, and on the other hand, frost broken due to thermal expansion and resonance stress is vibrated, and the defrosting process is accelerated. The winding or pasting space of the piezoelectric defrosting unit must comprehensively consider the heat exchange efficiency and defrosting efficiency, and cannot be too large or too small. Too large a distance can lead to poor defrosting effect; too small a gap may result in poor heat exchange efficiency, and the gap value may be determined by actual test data optimization. The piezoelectric defrosting unit is connected to the control power supply, and the aim of optimally controlling defrosting is achieved by adjusting the electrical parameters of the respective power supplies.
The invention is provided with a frosting prediction algorithm in the variable frequency controller, and the frosting prediction algorithm comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Acquiring the current day ambient temperature T amb Relative humidity of environment H amb Judging whether the air energy water heater is currently in a frosting operation boundary range or not; if yes, go to step (2); otherwise, exiting;
(2) Executing the frosting prediction algorithm at intervals of delta T from the moment, and defining that each parameter needs to be sampled with n data when the judgment algorithm is executed, wherein the sampling period is T s ；
(3) Power P to compressor comp And refrigerant high pressure gas pressure P press Sampling n data, respectively recorded as: { P comp (1),P comp (2),…,P comp (n) } and { P press (1),P press (2),...,P press (n) }; and obtain the normal non-frosting condition, the power of the compressor is { P } comp (1),P comp (2),...,P comp Refrigerant high pressure gas pressure at (n) } times
(4) Calculating the ratio of the refrigerant high-pressure gas pressure in the frosting operation boundary range to the refrigerant high-pressure gas pressure in the normal non-frosting condition:
obtaining a ratio array { λ (1), λ (2),. Lambda (n) };
acquiring power array { P } comp (i) Minimum value of }Maximum->Obtaining the equal interval amount +.>And establishing an equal interval array->Wherein->
With power array { P ] comp (1),…,P comp (n) is an independent variable discrete value, the ratio arrays { lambda (1), lambda (2), …, lambda (n) are used as dependent variable discrete values, and an interpolation algorithm is used to obtain an equal interval arrayCorresponding sequence->
(5) Based on one-time accumulationBy way of sequenceGenerating a New sequence->Satisfy->
Establishing differential equations based on the new sequence and the array of equal space amounts:
wherein a is a development coefficient, and mu is an ash action amount;
solving for parameter vectors to be estimatedAnd the differential equation to obtain a gray prediction model
For predicted sequencesReducing to obtain a reduced sequence->Mathematical expressions of the predictive model of (a):
(6) Defining a degree of association r:
(7) Judging whether r is more than or equal to ζ, if yes, entering the step (8), wherein ζ is a threshold value of 0.95; otherwise, returning to the step (2);
(8) Judging whether a is more than or equal to theta and whether theta is equal to or equal to 0.5, if so, the air energy water heater is in frosting fault operation, and entering a step (9); otherwise, entering the step (2);
(9) Solving frosting failure degree alpha=a/a max And then the frosting fault degree alpha of the air energy water heater is obtained.
And obtaining the frosting degree alpha through the frosting prediction algorithm. Based on the above, when reliable frost breaking is obtained according to experimental test data, theoretical simulation analysis and a data fitting method, the frost formation degree alpha, the strain delta and the frequency F which are required to be generated by the piezoelectric defrosting unit 1 Delta=s (α) and F 1 ＝f 1 (alpha); secondly, according to the strain parameter delta and F of the piezoelectric defrosting unit 1 Characteristics with driving power supply voltage, determining mathematical relationshipAnd will->And the voltage reference value is output by a driving power supply to control the voltage reference value, so that reliable piezoelectric strain ice breaking is realized. Similarly, according to experimental test data, theoretical simulation analysis and a data fitting method, the frosting degree alpha and the amplitude A and the frequency F required to be generated by the vibrator are obtained 2 A=h (α) and F 2 ＝f 2 (alpha). According to amplitude A and frequency F 2 Characteristics with the current of the driving power supply of the vibrator, determining mathematical relation +.>And will->And the output current reference value of the driving power supply is used for controlling the output current reference value, so that vibration frosting is realized. Similarly, by realismTest data, theoretical simulation analysis and data fitting method to obtain compressor power P comp Mathematical relationship P with frosting degree alpha comp =d_frest (α), and will also be the compressor power P comp And the output power reference value of the compressor is used for controlling the compressor so as to realize rapid defrosting. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and obtaining the frosting degree alpha.
(2) According to the function delta=s (α) and the function F 1 ＝f 1 (alpha) calculating the strain delta and frequency F required to be generated by the piezoelectric defrosting unit when the frosting degree is alpha 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to a functionCalculating the resulting strain delta and frequency F 1 Voltage applied to the piezoelectric defrosting unit when needed>
(3) According to function a=h (α) and function F 2 ＝f 2 Calculating the vibration amplitude A and the frequency F required by the vibrator when the frosting degree is alpha 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to a functionCalculating the vibrator generation amplitude A and frequency F 2 Output current vector of time driving power supply>
(4) Controlling the first four-way valve to switch from a heating mode to a defrosting mode and according to the power P of the compressor in the defrosting mode comp Functional relation P with frosting degree alpha comp =d_frest (α), obtaining the compressor operating power setpointRealizing quick and reliable defrosting;
(5) will beAnd->Respectively as a power supply output voltage of the piezoelectric defrosting unit, a power supply output current of the electric vibrator and a compressor operation power set value;
(6) the piezoelectric unit, the vibrator, the first four-way valve and the compressor are driven to defrost.
In order to further explain the whole working algorithm flow of the air energy water heater, as shown in fig. 5, the algorithm is realized by adopting a timing operation mode, and is triggered by timer interruption, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) program entry
(2) Run the frosting decision algorithm subroutine and decide if frosting? If yes, go to step (3); otherwise, entering the step (4);
(3) acquiring the frosting degree alpha, operating a defrosting control method, and exiting the program;
(4) obtain pressure gauge data and determine if the user is using water? If yes, go to step (5); otherwise, entering step (6);
(5) running a water supply pressure control algorithm, a water tank water temperature control algorithm and a water tank liquid level control algorithm, and exiting the program;
(6) acquiring backwater temperature data and judging whether backwater temperature is lower than a lower limit temperature threshold or in a backwater heating state? If yes, go to step (7); otherwise, go to step (9);
(7) is set to a backwater heating state, a backwater temperature control algorithm is operated to judge whether the backwater temperature reaches an upper limit temperature threshold? If yes, go to step (8); otherwise, the program exits;
(8) exiting the backwater heating state, and exiting the program;
(9) running a cyclic heating control algorithm, and exiting the program;
a program exits;
in summary, the air energy water heater provided by the invention comprises the refrigerant loop, the water control loop and the variable frequency controller, the structures and the pipe network layout of the refrigerant loop and the water control loop are simpler, the switching control of the working modes is convenient, the function is comprehensive, the switching control of the circulating heating, the backwater heating and the constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply can be realized only by controlling the second four-way valve, and the simplicity of a control system is further realized; on the other hand, only adopt single variable frequency water pump in whole water route return circuit, when realizing circulation heating, return water heating and constant temperature constant pressure water supply, it all adopts the variable frequency adjustment scheme with the compressor, on simplifying system architecture, hardware cost and energy consumption cost's basis by a wide margin, can effectively promote the stability of water supply temperature and pressure. In addition, the invention also provides a frost prediction method, which can accurately and reliably predict whether the copper pipe has frost and the frost degree, and provides a basis for the optimization control of subsequent defrosting. And secondly, the invention organically combines vibration defrosting, piezoelectric defrosting and hot defrosting, can effectively improve defrosting effect, quickens defrosting process, reduces defrosting energy consumption, eliminates water temperature/room temperature from greatly reducing, and improves the overall performance of the air energy water heater.
Claims (7)
1. An intelligent air can water heater, its characterized in that: the device comprises a refrigerant loop, a water control loop and a variable frequency controller; the refrigerant loop comprises an evaporator, a first four-way valve, a gas-liquid separator, a compressor, a heat exchanger, a liquid storage tank, an expansion valve and a filter; the evaporator is connected with the 1 end of the first four-way valve, the 2 end of the first four-way valve is connected with the gas-liquid separator, the gas-liquid separator is connected with the compressor, and the compressor is connected with the 3 end of the first four-way valve; the 4 end of the first four-way valve is connected with the heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is connected with the liquid storage tank, the liquid storage tank is connected with the filter through the expansion valve, and the filter is connected with the evaporator; the water control loop comprises a water tank, a water pump, a three-way valve, a one-way stop valve, an air pressure tank, a pressure gauge, a backwater temperature sensor, a second four-way valve and an opening regulating valve; the water tank is connected with the heat exchanger, the water outlet of the water tank is connected with the water pump, the water pump is connected with the one-way stop valve through the three-way valve, the one-way stop valve is connected with the water outlet pipeline, and the water outlet pipeline is connected with the water return pipeline; the end 1 of the second four-way valve is connected with the heat exchanger, the end 2 of the second four-way valve is connected with the three-way valve, the end 3 of the second four-way valve is connected with the return water pipeline motor, and the end 4 of the second four-way valve is connected with the water inlet pipeline; the air pressure tank and the pressure gauge are connected to the water outlet pipeline; the backwater temperature sensor is arranged on the backwater pipeline; the opening regulating valve is connected to the water inlet pipeline; the variable frequency controller is electrically connected with the first four-way valve, the compressor, the water tank, the water pump, the pressure gauge, the second four-way valve, the backwater temperature sensor and the opening regulating valve respectively; the variable frequency controller is also connected with an ambient temperature sensor and a relative humidity sensor;
when the air energy water heater performs defrosting operation, a compressed air pressure value of the compressor is obtained, and the compressed air pressure value of the compressor under the normal non-frosting condition is obtained, so that a ratio coefficient of the compressed air pressure value and the compressed air pressure value is obtained, a gray prediction model is obtained by using the ratio coefficient and the running power of the compressor, the frosting fault degree is represented by using the reduction degree of the ratio coefficient, and the frosting degree of the evaporator of the air energy water heater is judged by analyzing the mathematical expression of the gray prediction model;
the variable frequency controller is used for controlling the operation of the refrigerant loop and the water control loop by collecting the ambient temperature, the ambient relative humidity, the pipe network water pressure and the backwater end temperature and collecting the compressor outlet gas pressure data, so as to realize the heating work and the defrosting work of the air energy water heater;
the variable frequency controller is internally provided with a frosting prediction algorithm, and frosting prediction is carried out through the frosting prediction algorithm, and the steps are as follows:
(1) Acquiring the current day ambient temperature T amb Relative humidity of environment H am b, judging whether the air energy water heater is currently in a frosting operation boundary range or not; if yes, go to step (2); otherwise, exiting;
(2) Executing the frosting prediction algorithm at intervals of delta T from the moment, and defining that each parameter needs to be sampled with n data when the judgment algorithm is executed, wherein the sampling period is T s ；
(3) Power P to compressor comp And refrigerant high pressure gas pressure P press Sampling n data, respectively recorded as: { P comp (1),P comp (2),…,P comp (n) } and { P press (1),P press (2),…,P press (n) }; and obtain the normal non-frosting condition, the power of the compressor is { P } comp (1),P comp (2),…,P comp Refrigerant high pressure gas pressure at (n) } times
(4) Calculating the ratio of the refrigerant high-pressure gas pressure in the frosting operation boundary range to the refrigerant high-pressure gas pressure in the normal non-frosting condition:
obtaining a ratio array { lambda (1), lambda (2), …, lambda (n) };
acquiring power array { P } comp (i) Minimum value of }Maximum->Obtaining the equal interval amount +.>And establishing an equal interval array->Wherein->
With power array { P ] comp (1),…,P comp (n) is an independent variable discrete value, the ratio arrays { lambda (1), lambda (2), …, lambda (n) are used as dependent variable discrete values, and an interpolation algorithm is used to obtain an equal interval arrayCorresponding sequence
(5) Based on a one-time accumulation mode, the method for sequencingGenerating a New sequence->Satisfy the following requirements
Establishing differential equations based on the new sequence and the array of equal space amounts:
wherein a is a development coefficient, and mu is an ash action amount;
solving for parameter vectors to be estimatedAnd the differential equation to obtain a gray prediction model
For predicted sequencesReducing to obtain a reduced sequence->Mathematical expressions of the predictive model of (a):
(6) Defining a degree of association r:
(7) Judging whether r is more than or equal to ζ, if yes, entering the step (8); otherwise, returning to the step (2);
(8) Judging whether a is more than or equal to theta and whether theta is a threshold value, if so, enabling the air energy water heater to operate in a frosting fault mode, and entering a step (9); otherwise, entering the step (2);
(9) Solving frosting failure degree alpha=a/a max And then the frosting fault degree alpha of the air energy water heater is obtained.
2. The intelligent air-powered water heater of claim 1, wherein: the evaporator comprises a disc-shaped copper pipe, and a piezoelectric defrosting unit is clung to or wound on the disc-shaped copper pipe.
3. The intelligent air-powered water heater of claim 2, wherein: a plurality of electrical vibrators are mounted around the disc-type copper tube.
4. The intelligent air-powered water heater as set forth in claim 3 wherein: the fixed part of the electric vibrator is fixed on the end face of the outdoor unit, and the movable part and the disc-shaped copper pipe are spaced.
5. The intelligent air-powered water heater of claim 1, wherein: during heating operation, the refrigerant in the refrigerant loop absorbs heat energy in air in the copper pipe of the evaporator to gasify, the heat energy is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the first four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator and the compressor, and the heat energy is released to water flowing through the heat exchanger to heat the water; after releasing heat energy, the refrigerant returns to the evaporator again to perform the next heat exchange after passing through the liquid storage tank, the expansion valve and the filter;
in a heating working mode, the water control loop realizes three working states including a cyclic heating working state, a backwater heating working state and constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply; in the cyclic heating working state, when the variable frequency controller does not detect the conditions that the water consumption of a user and the temperature of the tail end water return in the water return pipeline is too low, the 1 end and the 2 end of the second four-way valve are communicated, water flows out from the water tank, and returns to the water tank after sequentially passing through the water pump, the three-way valve, the second four-way valve and the heat exchanger; after the variable frequency controller samples the water temperature of the water tank and executes a water temperature control algorithm, the operation parameters of the compressor and the operation parameters of the water pump are coordinated, so that the water heater efficiency is optimal while the water temperature of the water tank is constant; in a backwater heating working state, when the variable frequency controller detects that the end backwater temperature is lower than the set backwater end temperature lower limit threshold, communicating the 1 end and the 3 end of the second four-way valve, and enabling water to flow out of the water tank, and returning to the water tank again after sequentially passing through the water pump, the three-way valve, the one-way stop valve, the water outlet pipeline, the backwater pipeline, the second four-way valve and the heat exchanger; the variable frequency controller rapidly heats low-temperature water in the pipeline by controlling the rotating speed of the water pump and the power of the compressor, and injects the high-temperature water in the water tank into the pipeline until the temperature of the backwater end reaches the set upper limit threshold of the backwater end temperature; in a constant temperature and constant pressure water supply state, when the variable frequency controller detects water used by a user through the pressure gauge, the 1 end and the 4 end of the second four-way valve are communicated, hot water flows out of the water tank, and sequentially passes through the water pump, the three-way valve, the one-way stop valve and the water outlet pipeline to reach the user end, so that hot water meeting requirements is provided for the user, the running speed of the water pump is determined by the water supply constant pressure control algorithm, and the running frequency of the water pump is determined, so that the water pressure of the user is stable; the reduced hot water in the water tank is supplemented by controlling the opening of the opening regulating valve; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller runs a water temperature control algorithm, adjusts the power of the compressor in real time, heats low-temperature water injected by the opening adjusting valve, and ensures the temperature of the water tank.
6. The intelligent air-powered water heater of claim 1, wherein: the defrosting operation is that the piezoelectric defrosting unit is clung to or wound on the disc-shaped copper pipe, and the electric vibrator is arranged around the disc-shaped copper pipe of the evaporator; the variable frequency controller realizes strain stress and resonance stress frost breaking by driving the piezoelectric defrosting unit and the electric vibrator, breaks the frost adhered on the copper pipe into small frost, and shakes most of the broken frost off by vibration; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller switches the mode of the first four-way valve, the refrigerant absorbs the heat energy of water in the heat exchanger to gasify, the heat energy is released to frost attached to the copper pipe in the evaporator after being compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the first four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator and the compressor, the melting speed of crushing the frost is increased, and the defrosting process of the air energy water heater is improved; after releasing heat energy, the refrigerant returns to the heat exchanger again to perform the next heat exchange after passing through the filter, the expansion valve and the liquid storage tank; under the defrosting working condition, the variable frequency controller communicates the 1 end and the 2 end of the second four-way valve, high-temperature hot water in the water tank flows out of the water tank, sequentially passes through the water pump, the three-way valve and the second four-way valve, heat in the high-temperature hot water after reaching the heat exchanger is absorbed by a refrigerant at the other side of the heat exchanger, and water after releasing the heat flows out of the heat exchanger and returns to the water tank again; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller realizes the control of the hot defrosting speed by adjusting the running speed of the water pump.
7. The intelligent air-powered water heater of claim 1, wherein: defrosting according to the obtained frosting degree, wherein the steps are as follows:
(1) acquiring frosting degree alpha;
(2) according to the function delta=s (α) and the function F 1 ＝f 1 (alpha) calculating the strain delta and frequency F required to be generated by the piezoelectric defrosting unit when the frosting degree is alpha 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to a functionCalculating the resulting strain delta and frequency F 1 Voltage applied to the piezoelectric defrosting unit when needed>
(3) According to function a=h (α) and function F 2 ＝f 2 Calculating the vibration amplitude A and the frequency F required by the vibrator when the frosting degree is alpha 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to a functionCalculating the vibrator generation amplitude A and frequency F 2 Output current vector of time driving power supply>
(4) Controlling the first four-way valve to switch from a heating mode to a defrosting mode and according to the power P of the compressor in the defrosting mode comp Functional relation P with frosting degree alpha comp =d_frest (α), obtaining the compressor operating power setpointRealizing quick and reliable defrosting;
(5) will beAnd->Respectively as a power supply output voltage of the piezoelectric defrosting unit, a power supply output current of the electric vibrator and a compressor operation power set value;
(6) the piezoelectric unit, the vibrator, the first four-way valve and the compressor are driven to defrost.
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