CN114440449A - Air energy water heater with frosting prediction and defrosting functions and using method - Google Patents
Air energy water heater with frosting prediction and defrosting functions and using method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114440449A CN114440449A CN202210193700.1A CN202210193700A CN114440449A CN 114440449 A CN114440449 A CN 114440449A CN 202210193700 A CN202210193700 A CN 202210193700A CN 114440449 A CN114440449 A CN 114440449A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 348
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
- F24H4/02—Water heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an air energy water heater with frosting prediction and defrosting functions and a using method thereof. The method can accurately and reliably predict whether the copper pipe is frosted or not and the frosting degree, and provides a basis for the optimized control of subsequent defrosting. The invention organically combines vibration defrosting, thermal expansion defrosting and thermal defrosting, can effectively improve the defrosting effect, quickens the defrosting process and improves the overall performance of the air energy water heater.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water heaters, in particular to an air energy water heater with frosting prediction and defrosting functions and a using method thereof.
Background
The air energy water heater has the advantages of high efficiency, energy conservation and environmental protection, and is widely applied to hot water supply of families, enterprises, public institutions and residential buildings and indoor heating in winter. However, in winter, the copper tubes of the evaporator heat exchanger are frosted due to the low outdoor temperature. Frosting is a serious problem faced by air energy water heaters, which not only affects the efficiency and the use comfort of users of the air energy water heaters, but also greatly reduces the service life and reliability of the air energy water heaters due to long-time operation in a frosting state. The problem that the air energy water heater needs to solve is to judge whether the air energy water heater frosts and the frosting degree rapidly and accurately and to defrost effectively.
In addition, the air energy water heater must have three working modes for meeting the requirements of users on water temperature and pressure stability indexes and instant hot water, which are respectively as follows: a circulation heating mode, a return water heating mode and a constant pressure water supply mode. The circulation heating mode maintains control of the water temperature of the tank by circulating water in the tank when the user is not using water. In the backwater heating mode, when the temperature of the backwater tail end temperature sensor is lower than a set temperature threshold value, the backwater tail end electromagnetic valve and the water pump are controlled to operate, low-temperature water in the backwater pipe is discharged to be heated, high-temperature water in the water tank is injected into a pipe network, and the demand of instant hot water is met. When detecting the user's water, the constant pressure water supply mode needs the integrated control of water tank temperature, water tank liquid level and water pressure, guarantees that water temperature and pressure are stable to and the control of water tank liquid level. How to realize the circulation heating mode, the return water heating mode and the constant pressure water supply mode of the air energy water heater efficiently, simply and reliably and the corresponding performance indexes are another problem to be solved by the air energy water heater.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an air energy water heater with frosting prediction and defrosting functions and a using method thereof. The air energy water heater has the advantages of simple structure, more convenient control and comprehensive functions, can predict frosting and defrost after frosting, and prolongs the service life of the air energy water heater.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an air energy water heater with frosting prediction and defrosting functions comprises a refrigerant loop, a water control loop and a variable frequency controller; the refrigerant loop comprises an evaporator, a first four-way valve, a gas-liquid separator, a compressor, a heat exchanger, a liquid storage tank, an expansion valve and a filter; the evaporator is connected with the end 1 of the first four-way valve, the end 2 of the first four-way valve is connected with the gas-liquid separator, the gas-liquid separator is connected with the compressor, and the compressor is connected with the end 3 of the first four-way valve; the 4 end of the first four-way valve is connected with a heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is connected with the liquid storage tank, the liquid outlet tank is connected with the filter through the expansion valve, and the filter is connected with the evaporator; the water control loop comprises a water tank, a water pump, a three-way valve, a one-way stop valve, an air pressure tank, a pressure gauge, a backwater temperature sensor, a second four-way valve and an opening degree adjusting valve; the water tank is connected with the heat exchanger, a water outlet of the water tank is connected with a water pump, the water pump is connected with a one-way stop valve through a three-way valve, the one-way stop valve is connected with a water outlet pipeline, and the water outlet pipeline is connected with a water return pipeline; the end 1 of the second four-way valve is connected with the heat exchanger, the end 2 is connected with the three-way valve, the end 3 is connected with the water return pipeline motor, and the end 4 is connected with the water inlet pipeline; the air pressure tank and the pressure gauge are connected to the water outlet pipeline; the return water temperature sensor is arranged on the return water pipeline; the opening regulator is connected to the water inlet pipeline; the variable frequency controller is respectively and electrically connected with the first four-way valve, the compressor, the water tank, the water pump, the pressure gauge, the second four-way valve, the backwater temperature sensor and the opening regulating valve; the variable frequency controller is also connected with an ambient temperature sensor and a relative humidity sensor.
The evaporator of the air energy water heater with the frosting prediction and defrosting functions comprises a disc-shaped copper pipe, and a thermal expansion unit is tightly attached to or wound on the disc-shaped copper pipe.
In the air energy water heater with the frost formation prediction and defrosting functions, the plurality of electric vibrators are mounted around the disc-shaped copper pipe.
In the air energy water heater with the frost formation prediction and defrosting functions, the fixed part of the electric vibrator is fixed on the end surface of the outdoor unit, and the movable part and the disc-shaped copper pipe are spaced.
According to the using method of the air energy water heater with the frosting prediction and defrosting functions, the variable frequency controller collects the ambient temperature, the ambient relative humidity, the water pressure of a pipe network, the temperature of the tail end of return water and the pressure data of outlet gas of the compressor, so that the operation of the refrigerant loop and the water control loop is controlled, and the heating work and the defrosting work of the air energy water heater are realized.
In the use method of the air energy water heater with the frost formation prediction and defrosting functions, during heating, the refrigerant in the refrigerant loop absorbs heat energy in air in the copper pipe of the evaporator to be gasified, the heat energy is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the first four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator and the compressor, and the heat energy is released to water flowing through the heat exchanger to heat the water; after releasing the heat energy, the refrigerant returns to the evaporator again to carry out the next heat exchange after passing through the liquid storage tank, the expansion valve and the filter;
under the heating working mode, the water control loop realizes three working states including a circulating heating working state, a backwater heating working state and constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply; in the circulating heating working state, when the variable frequency controller does not detect the condition that the temperature of the user water and the tail end return water in the return water pipeline is too low, the end 1 and the end 2 of the second four-way valve are communicated, and water flows out of the water tank, sequentially passes through the water pump, the three-way valve, the second four-way valve and the heat exchanger and then returns to the water tank again; after the variable frequency controller samples the water temperature of the water tank and executes a water temperature control algorithm, the operating parameters of the compressor and the operating parameters of the water pump are coordinated, so that the water temperature of the water tank is constant, and the optimal efficiency of the water heater is achieved; in a backwater heating working state, when the variable frequency controller detects that the temperature of the backwater at the tail end is lower than a set backwater tail end temperature lower limit threshold value, the end 1 and the end 3 of the second four-way valve are communicated, and water flows out of the water tank and then returns to the water tank again after sequentially passing through the water pump, the three-way valve, the one-way stop valve, the water outlet pipeline, the backwater pipeline, the second four-way valve and the heat exchanger; the variable frequency controller rapidly heats low-temperature water in the pipeline by controlling the rotating speed of the water pump and the power of the compressor, and injects high-temperature water in the water tank into the pipeline until the temperature of the tail end of the backwater reaches a set upper limit threshold of the temperature of the tail end of the backwater; in a constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply state, when the variable-frequency controller detects water consumption of a user through a pressure gauge, the end 1 of the second four-way valve is communicated with the end 4, hot water flows out of the water tank and sequentially passes through the water pump, the three-way valve, the one-way stop valve and the water outlet pipeline to reach the user using end, the hot water meeting requirements is provided for the user, the running rotating speed of the water pump determines the running frequency of the water pump through a water supply constant-pressure control algorithm, and the water consumption pressure of the user is stable; the reduced hot water in the water tank is supplemented by controlling the opening of the opening regulating valve; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller operates a water temperature control algorithm to adjust the power of the compressor in real time, so that the low-temperature water injected by the opening adjusting valve is heated, and the temperature of the water tank is ensured.
According to the using method of the air energy water heater with the frost formation prediction and defrosting functions, the defrosting work comprises that a variable frequency controller drives a thermal expansion unit and a vibrator to achieve expansion stress and resonance stress defrosting, frost attached to a copper pipe is crushed into small frost, and most of the crushed frost is vibrated to fall through vibration; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller switches the mode of the first four-way valve, the refrigerant absorbs the heat energy of water in the heat exchanger to be gasified, and after the refrigerant is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the first four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator and the compressor, the heat energy is released to the frost attached to the copper pipe in the evaporator, so that the melting speed of the broken frost is increased, and the defrosting process of the air energy water heater is improved; after releasing the heat energy, the refrigerant returns to the heat exchanger again for next heat exchange after passing through the filter, the expansion valve and the liquid storage tank; under the defrosting working condition, the frequency conversion controller communicates the end 1 with the end 2 of the second four-way valve, high-temperature hot water in the water tank flows out of the water tank, sequentially passes through the water pump, the three-way valve and the second four-way valve, heat in the high-temperature hot water is absorbed by a refrigerant on the other side of the heat exchanger after reaching the heat exchanger, and the water after releasing the heat flows out of the heat exchanger and returns to the water tank again; meanwhile, the frequency conversion controller realizes the control of the thermal defrosting speed by adjusting the running speed of the water pump.
In the use method of the air energy water heater with the frosting prediction and defrosting functions, a frosting prediction algorithm is arranged in the variable frequency controller, and the frosting prediction is carried out through the frosting prediction algorithm, and the steps are as follows:
(1) obtaining the ambient temperature T of the dayambAmbient relative humidity HambJudging whether the air energy water heater is in a frosting operation boundary range or not at present; if yes, entering the step (2); otherwise, quitting;
(2) executing the frosting prediction algorithm at the moment every delta T, and defining that each parameter needs to be sampled by n data when the prediction algorithm is executed every time, wherein the sampling period is Ts；
(3) Power P to the compressorcompAnd refrigerant high pressure gas pressure PpressN data samples, denoted as: { Pcomp(1),Pcomp(2),…,Pcomp(n) } and { P }press(1),Ppress(2),…,Ppress(n) }; setting fitting relationships
The frost formation degree array { α (1), α (2), …, α (n) }isobtained. Wherein:
(4) a maximum value α of { α (1), α (2), …, α (n) } is obtainedmaxMax { α (1), α (2), …, α (n) }, the condition α is judgedmax＜αthrAnd Tamb＞TthrWhether the result is true; if yes, the air energy water heater does not frost, and the step (2) is returned; otherwise, entering the step (5); wherein: alpha is alphathrAnd TthrRespectively setting a threshold value for the minimum frosting degree and a threshold value for the temperature;
(5) calculating the mean value
And standard deviation
Judgment of
If yes, entering the step (6); otherwise, returning to the step (2); wherein: theta is a set threshold value;
(6) determining frosting degree of air energy water heater
(7) The program exits.
9. The use method of the air energy water heater with the frost predicting and defrosting functions according to claim 8, characterized in that: and defrosting according to the acquired frosting degree, and the steps are as follows:
firstly, acquiring the frosting degree alpha.
Secondly, calculating expansion deformation delta required to be generated by the thermal expansion unit when the frosting degree is alpha according to a function delta which is s (alpha); calculating the current set value I which needs to flow through the thermal expansion unit when the thermal expansion unit generates the expansion deformation delta according to the function I which is equal to g (delta)set；
Calculating amplitude A and frequency F required to be generated by the vibrator when the frosting degree is alpha according to the function A ═ h (alpha) and the function F ═ F (alpha); function of dependence
Calculating output current vector of driving power supply when vibrator generates amplitude A and frequency F
Fourthly, controlling the first four-way valve to be switched from heating work to defrosting work and controlling the compressor power P according to the defrosting workcompMathematical relationship P with frosting degree alphacompObtaining a compressor running power set value as D _ front (alpha)
Defrosting is realized;
fifth, general formula Iset、
And
respectively as and controlling the power output current of the thermal expansion unit, the power output current of the vibrator and the running power set value of the compressor;
driving the thermal expansion vibrator, the first four-way valve and the compressor to defrost.
Compared with the prior art, the air energy water heater comprises a refrigerant loop, a water control loop and a variable frequency controller, the structures and the pipe network layout of the refrigerant loop and the water control loop are simpler, the switching control of working modes is convenient, the functions are comprehensive, the switching control of circulating heating, backwater heating and constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply can be realized only by controlling the second four-way valve, and the simplicity of a control system is further realized; on the other hand, only adopt single frequency conversion water pump in the whole water route return circuit, when realizing cyclic heating, return water heating and constant temperature and pressure water supply, it all adopts the frequency conversion regulation scheme with the compressor, on the basis of simplifying system architecture, hardware cost and energy consumption cost by a wide margin, can effectively promote the stability of water supply temperature and pressure. In addition, the invention also provides a frosting prediction method, which can accurately and reliably predict whether the copper pipe is frosted and the frosting degree, and provides a basis for the optimized control of the subsequent defrosting. Secondly, the invention organically combines vibration defrosting, thermal expansion defrosting and thermal defrosting, can effectively improve the defrosting effect, quickens the defrosting process, reduces the defrosting energy consumption, eliminates the great drop of the water temperature/room temperature, and improves the overall performance of the air energy water heater.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an air energy water heater section;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a copper pipe section;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a thermal expansion unit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a copper tube and vibrator;
FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of the overall working algorithm of the air energy water heater of the invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a refrigerant circuit; 2. a water control loop; 3. a variable frequency controller; 4. an evaporator; 5. a first four-way valve; 6. a gas-liquid separator; 7. a compressor; 8. a heat exchanger; 9. a liquid storage tank; 10. an expansion valve; 11. a filter; 12. a water tank; 13. a water pump; 14. a three-way valve; 15. a one-way stop valve; 16. an air pressure tank; 17. a pressure gauge; 18. a backwater temperature sensor; 19. a second four-way valve; 20. an opening degree regulating valve; 21. a water outlet pipeline; 22. a water return pipeline; 23. a thermal expansion unit; 24. a vibrator.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example (b): an air energy water heater with frosting prediction and defrosting functions is shown in figure 1 and comprises a refrigerant loop 1, a water control loop 2 and a variable frequency controller 3; the refrigerant loop 1 comprises an evaporator 4, a first four-way valve 5, a gas-liquid separator 6, a compressor 7, a heat exchanger 8, a liquid storage tank 9, an expansion valve 10 and a filter 11; the evaporator 4 is connected with the end 1 of the first four-way valve 5, the end 2 of the first four-way valve 5 is connected with the gas-liquid separator 6, the gas-liquid separator 6 is connected with the compressor 7, and the compressor 7 is connected with the end 3 of the first four-way valve 5; the 4 end of the first four-way valve 5 is connected with a heat exchanger 8; the heat exchanger 8 is connected with a liquid storage tank, the liquid outlet tank is connected with a filter 11 through an expansion valve 10, and the filter 11 is connected with the evaporator 4; the water control loop 2 comprises a water tank 12, a water pump 13, a three-way valve 14, a one-way stop valve 15, an air pressure tank 16, a pressure gauge 17, a return water temperature sensor 18, a second four-way valve 19 and an opening degree adjusting valve 20; the water tank 12 is connected with the heat exchanger 8, the water outlet of the water tank 12 is connected with the water pump 13, the water pump 13 is connected with the one-way stop valve 15 through the three-way valve 14, the one-way stop valve 15 is connected with the water outlet pipeline 21, and the water outlet pipeline 21 is connected with the water return pipeline 22; the 1 end of the second four-way valve 19 is connected with the heat exchanger 8, the 2 end is connected with the three-way valve 14, the 3 end is connected with the water return pipeline 22 motor, and the 4 end is connected with the water inlet pipeline; the air pressure tank 16 and the pressure gauge 17 are connected to a water outlet pipeline 21; the return water temperature sensor 18 is arranged on the return water pipeline 22; the opening regulator is connected to the water inlet pipeline; the variable frequency controller 3 is respectively and electrically connected with the first four-way valve 5, the compressor 7, the water tank 12, the water pump 13, the pressure gauge 17, the second four-way valve 19, the backwater temperature sensor 18 and the opening regulating valve 20; the frequency conversion controller 3 is also connected with an ambient temperature sensor and a relative humidity sensor.
When the air energy water heater works in the implementation, the variable frequency controller 3 collects the ambient temperature, the ambient relative humidity, the water pressure of a pipe network and the temperature of the tail end of return water and collects the pressure data of outlet gas of the compressor 7, so that the operation of the refrigerant loop 1 and the water control loop 2 is controlled, and the heating work and the defrosting work of the air energy water heater are realized.
During heating, refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 1 absorbs heat energy in air in a copper pipe of the evaporator 4 to be gasified, the refrigerant is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the first four-way valve 5, the gas-liquid separator 6 and the compressor 7, and the heat energy is released to water flowing through the heat exchanger 8 to heat the water; after releasing the heat energy, the refrigerant returns to the evaporator 4 again for the next heat exchange after passing through the liquid storage tank 9, the expansion valve 10 and the filter 11;
under the heating working mode, the water control loop 2 realizes three working states including a circulating heating working state, a backwater heating working state and constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply; in the circulating heating working state, when the variable frequency controller 3 does not detect the conditions that the temperature of the water used by a user and the temperature of the tail end return water in the water return pipeline 22 are too low, the end 1 and the end 2 of the second four-way valve 19 are communicated, the water flows out of the water tank 12, and then flows back to the water tank 12 again after sequentially passing through the water pump 13, the three-way valve 14, the second four-way valve 19 and the heat exchanger 8; after the variable frequency controller 3 samples the water temperature of the water tank 12 and executes a water temperature control algorithm, the operation parameters of the compressor 7 and the operation parameters of the water pump 13 are coordinated, so that the water temperature of the water tank 12 is constant, and the optimal efficiency of the water heater is achieved; in a backwater heating working state, when detecting that the temperature of the backwater at the tail end is lower than a set backwater tail end temperature lower limit threshold value, the frequency conversion controller 3 communicates the end 1 and the end 3 of the second four-way valve 19, and water flows out of the water tank 12 and then returns to the water tank 12 again after sequentially passing through the water pump 13, the three-way valve 14, the one-way stop valve 15, the water outlet pipeline 21, the backwater pipeline 22, the second four-way valve 19 and the heat exchanger 8; the variable frequency controller 3 rapidly heats low-temperature water in the pipeline by controlling the rotating speed of the water pump 13 and the power of the compressor 7, and injects high-temperature water in the water tank 12 into the pipeline until the temperature of the tail end of the backwater reaches the upper limit threshold of the temperature of the tail end of the backwater; in a constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply state, when the variable-frequency controller 3 detects water consumption of a user through the pressure gauge 17, the end 1 and the end 4 of the second four-way valve 19 are communicated, hot water flows out of the water tank 12 and sequentially passes through the water pump 13, the three-way valve 14, the one-way stop valve 15 and the water outlet pipeline 21 to reach a user using end, the hot water meeting requirements is provided for the user, the operating frequency of the water pump 13 is determined by the water supply constant-pressure control algorithm according to the operating speed of the water pump 13, and the water consumption pressure of the user is stable; the reduced hot water in the water tank 12 is supplemented by controlling the opening of the opening regulating valve 20; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller 3 operates a water temperature control algorithm to adjust the power of the compressor 7 in real time, and heats the low-temperature water injected from the opening degree adjusting valve 20 to ensure the temperature of the water in the water tank 12.
The defrosting work comprises that the variable frequency controller 3 drives a thermal expansion unit and a vibrator to break frost by expansion stress and resonance stress, the frost attached to the copper pipe is broken into small frost, and most of the broken frost is vibrated to fall by vibration; as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the evaporator 4 includes a disk-shaped copper tube, a thermal expansion unit 23 is tightly attached to or wound around the disk-shaped copper tube, the thermal expansion unit 23 is formed by compounding an electric heating material and a thermal expansion material, and the electric heating material is embedded in the thermal expansion material. The thermal expansion unit is tightly attached to or wound on the disc-shaped copper pipe, and when the disc-shaped copper pipe is in a frosted or ice-coated state, the current flowing through the electric heating material in the thermal expansion unit is adjusted, so that the thermal expansion material absorbs heat to generate large expansion deformation, the frost attached to the thermal expansion material is broken by large stress, and the defrosting process is accelerated. The vibration unit is composed of a plurality of electric vibrators, the fixed parts of the electric vibrators are respectively fixed on the end face of the outdoor unit, and the movable parts and the disc-shaped copper pipes are spaced at a certain distance. When the disc-shaped copper pipe is in a frosted or ice-coated state, the electric vibrator is driven to apply vibration to the copper pipe, the vibration frequency of the electric vibrator is equal to or close to the natural frequency of the disc-shaped copper pipe when frosting occurs, resonance is further generated, on one hand, frost attached to the copper pipe is broken due to huge resonance stress, on the other hand, the frost broken due to thermal expansion and the resonance stress is vibrated, and the defrosting process is accelerated. The winding or pasting distance of the thermal expansion units must comprehensively consider the heat exchange efficiency and the defrosting efficiency, and the heat exchange efficiency and the defrosting efficiency cannot be too large or too small. If the distance is too large, the defrosting effect is not good; and the spacing is too small, which leads to poor heat exchange efficiency, and the spacing value can be determined by optimizing actual test data. The thermal expansion unit is connected to the control power supply, and the purpose of optimally controlling defrosting is achieved by adjusting the electrical parameters of the respective power supplies.
As shown in fig. 4, a plurality of electric vibrators 24 are mounted around the disc-shaped copper pipe. The fixed parts of the electric vibrators 24 are fixed on the end surface of the outdoor unit, and the movable parts are spaced from the disc-shaped copper pipes. The output amplitude and frequency parameters of the vibrators, the installation quantity and the installation positions can be comprehensively determined through theoretical simulation analysis and experimental test results, as well as cost and system complexity. As known from physics knowledge, when the copper pipe frosts, the natural vibration frequency of the copper pipe changes, and the frequency value is related to the frosting degree. When the frequency of the external vibration excitation is equal to or close to the natural frequency, the frosted copper tube resonates. At the moment, the stress on the frost attached to the copper pipe can be adjusted by controlling the amplitude of the external vibration. When the external excitation vibration amplitude reaches a certain value, frost attached to the copper pipe is shattered, and most shattered frost falls along with vibration. The amplitude and the frequency of the vibrator are controlled by the amplitude and the frequency of the output current of the connected driving power supply, and the aim of quickly and efficiently defrosting is fulfilled by optimally controlling the current parameters of the driving power supply of the vibrator.
Besides the thermal expansion defrosting and the vibration defrosting, the invention also has the function of thermal defrosting. During hot defrosting, the frequency conversion controller 3 switches the mode of the first four-way valve 5, the refrigerant absorbs the heat energy of water in the heat exchanger 8 to be gasified, and after the refrigerant is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the first four-way valve 5, the gas-liquid separator 6 and the compressor 7, the heat energy is released to the frost attached to the copper pipe in the evaporator 4, so that the melting speed of the broken frost is increased, and the defrosting process of the air energy water heater is improved; after releasing the heat energy, the refrigerant returns to the heat exchanger again for next heat exchange after passing through the filter 11, the expansion valve 10 and the liquid storage tank 9; under the defrosting working condition, the frequency conversion controller 3 communicates the end 1 and the end 2 of the second four-way valve 19, high-temperature hot water in the water tank 12 flows out of the water tank 12, sequentially passes through the water pump 13, the three-way valve 14 and the second four-way valve 19, heat in the high-temperature hot water is absorbed by a refrigerant on the other side of the heat exchanger 8 after reaching the heat exchanger 8, and the water after releasing the heat flows out of the heat exchanger 8 and returns to the water tank 12 again; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller 3 controls the thermal defrosting speed by adjusting the running speed of the water pump 13.
The frosting prediction algorithm is arranged in the variable frequency controller, and is an engineering physical model between the compressor power of the air energy water heater and the refrigerant gas pressure at the outlet of the compressor under different frosting conditions based on thermodynamics, and mathematical modeling and simulation analysis are carried out on the engineering physical model to obtain a theoretical numerical result. And (4) building a prototype model machine of the air energy water heater under different frosting conditions, and carrying out experimental tests on the prototype model machine. And performing curve fitting on the experimental test data and the simulation data to further obtain a mathematical relation among the frosting degree, the compressor power and the refrigerant gas pressure. And then, under the condition that the water heater is judged to be frosted, the running power and the refrigerant gas pressure of the compressor are obtained in real time, and the running power and the refrigerant gas pressure are substituted into the mathematical relation among the frosting degree, the compressor power and the refrigerant gas pressure, so that whether the outdoor disc-shaped copper pipe of the air energy water heater is frosted or not and the frosting degree alpha are accurately judged.
The relevant variables and parameters are defined as follows: t issFor the sampling period, i is the number of samples, Pcomp(i) For compressor operating power, Ppress(i) Is the refrigerant high pressure gas pressure, { Pcomp(1),Pcomp(2),…,Pcomp(n) } and { P }press(1),Ppress(2),…,Ppress(n) are compressor power P, respectivelycompAnd refrigerant high pressure gas pressure PpressThe sequence of sampled data of (a) is,
to the extent of frosting alpha and PcompAnd PpressThe mathematical relationship between, { α (1), α (2), …, α (n) }, is { Pcomp(1),Pcomp(2),…,Pcomp(n) } and { P }press(1),Ppress(2),…,PpressFrost formation degree array solved under (n) } condition, alphamaxIs the maximum value element, alpha (n), of the frosting degree array { alpha (1), alpha (2), …, alpha (n) }thrAnd TthrA threshold value is set for the minimum frosting degree and the temperature respectively,
and σ are { α (1), α (2), …, α (n) } mean and standard deviation, respectively, and θ is a set threshold.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) obtaining the ambient temperature T of the dayambAmbient relative humidity HambJudging whether the air energy water heater is in a frosting operation boundary range or not at present; if yes, entering the step (2); otherwise, quitting;
(2) executing the frosting prediction algorithm at the moment every delta T, and defining that each parameter needs to be sampled by n data when the prediction algorithm is executed every time, wherein the sampling period is Ts；
(3) Power P to the compressorcompAnd refrigerant high pressure gas pressure PpressN data samples, denoted as: { Pcomp(1),Pcomp(2),…,Pcomp(n) } and { P }press(1),Ppress(2),…,Ppress(n) }; setting fitting relationships
The frost formation degree array { α (1), α (2), …, α (n) }isobtained. Wherein:
(4) obtaining the maximum value alpha of { alpha (1), alpha (2), …, alpha (n) }maxMax { α (1), α (2), …, α (n) }, the condition α is judgedmax＜αthrAnd Tamb＞TthrWhether the result is true or not; if yes, the air energy water heater does not frost, and the step (2) is returned; otherwise, entering the step (5); wherein: alpha is alphathrAnd TthrRespectively setting a threshold value for the minimum frosting degree and a threshold value for the temperature;
(5) calculating the mean value
And standard deviation
Judgment of
If yes, entering the step (6); otherwise, returning to the step (2); wherein: theta is a set threshold value;
(6) determining frosting degree of air energy water heater
(7) The program exits.
And obtaining the frosting degree alpha through the frosting prediction algorithm. On the basis, when reliable ice breaking is achieved according to experimental test data, theoretical simulation analysis and a data fitting method, the mathematical relation delta between the frosting degree alpha and the expansion deformation alpha 2 required to be generated by the expansion material is s (alpha 0); next, the mathematical relationship I ═ g (δ) is determined from the characteristics between the expansion deformation δ and the heat generating material flow current. And controlling the I as an output current reference value of the power supply of the expansion heating material to realize reliable expansion stress ice breaking. Similarly, according to experimental test data, theoretical simulation analysis and a data fitting method, mathematical relations δ ═ s (α) and F ═ F (α) between the frosting degree α 1 and the amplitude δ and the frequency F required to be generated by the vibrator can be obtained; secondly, a mathematical relationship is determined based on the characteristics between the amplitude delta and frequency F and the vibrator drive supply current
And will be
The reference value of the output current of the driving power supply is used for controlling the driving power supply to realize vibration defrosting. Similarly, the compressor power P is obtained by experimental test data, theoretical simulation analysis and data fitting methodcompMathematical relationship P with frosting degree alphacompD _ front (α), and compressor power P is also setcompThe reference value of the output power of the compressor is used for controlling the reference value, so that the rapid defrosting is realized.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, acquiring the frosting degree alpha.
Secondly, calculating expansion deformation delta required to be generated by the thermal expansion unit when the frosting degree is alpha according to a function delta which is s (alpha); calculating the current set value I which needs to flow through the thermal expansion unit when the thermal expansion unit generates the expansion deformation delta according to the function I which is equal to g (delta)set；
Calculating amplitude A and frequency F required to be generated by the vibrator when the frosting degree is alpha according to the function A ═ h (alpha) and the function F ═ F (alpha); function of dependence
Calculating output current vector of driving power supply when vibrator generates amplitude A and frequency F
Fourthly, controlling the first four-way valve to be switched from heating work to defrosting work and controlling the compressor power P according to the defrosting workcompMathematical relationship P with frosting degree alphacompObtaining a compressor running power set value as D _ front (alpha)
Defrosting is realized;
fifth, general formula Iset、
And
respectively as and controlling the power output current of the thermal expansion unit, the power output current of the vibrator and the operating power set value of the compressor;
driving the thermal expansion vibrator, the first four-way valve and the compressor to defrost.
In order to further explain the whole working algorithm flow of the air energy water heater, as shown in fig. 5, the algorithm is realized by adopting a timing operation mode, and is triggered by timer timing interruption, and the steps are as follows:
program entry
Secondly, running a frost prediction algorithm subprogram and judging whether frost is formed? If yes, entering the step III; otherwise, entering the step IV;
thirdly, acquiring the frosting degree alpha, operating a defrosting control method and exiting the program;
acquiring data of the pressure gauge and judging whether the user uses water? If yes, go to step (v); otherwise, entering the step sixthly;
running a water supply pressure control algorithm, a water tank water temperature control algorithm and a water tank liquid level control algorithm, and exiting the program;
sixthly, acquiring return water temperature data and judging whether the return water temperature is lower than a lower limit temperature threshold or in a return water heating state? If yes, entering step (c); otherwise, entering step ninthly;
seventhly, setting the temperature of the return water to be in a return water heating state, operating a return water temperature control algorithm, and judging whether the return water temperature reaches an upper limit temperature threshold value? If yes, go to step ((R)); otherwise, the program exits;
eighthly, quitting the backwater heating state, and quitting the program;
ninthly, operating a cyclic heating control algorithm, and withdrawing a program;
and (R) program exit.
In summary, the air energy water heater provided by the invention comprises the refrigerant loop, the water control loop and the variable frequency controller, the structures and the pipe network layouts of the refrigerant loop and the water control loop are simpler, the switching control of the working modes is convenient, the functions are comprehensive, the switching control of the circulating heating, the backwater heating and the constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply can be realized only by controlling the second four-way valve, and the simplicity of a control system is further realized; on the other hand, only adopt single frequency conversion water pump in the whole water route return circuit, when realizing cyclic heating, return water heating and constant temperature and pressure water supply, it all adopts the frequency conversion regulation scheme with the compressor, on the basis of simplifying system architecture, hardware cost and energy consumption cost by a wide margin, can effectively promote the stability of water supply temperature and pressure. In addition, the invention also provides a frosting prediction method, which can accurately and reliably predict whether the copper pipe is frosted and the frosting degree, and provides a basis for the optimized control of the subsequent defrosting. Secondly, the invention organically combines vibration defrosting, thermal expansion defrosting and thermal defrosting, can effectively improve the defrosting effect, quickens the defrosting process, reduces the defrosting energy consumption, eliminates the great drop of the water temperature/room temperature, and improves the overall performance of the air energy water heater.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an air that possesses frosting prediction and defrosting function can water heater which characterized in that: comprises a refrigerant loop, a water control loop and a variable frequency controller; the refrigerant loop comprises an evaporator, a first four-way valve, a gas-liquid separator, a compressor, a heat exchanger, a liquid storage tank, an expansion valve and a filter; the evaporator is connected with the end 1 of the first four-way valve, the end 2 of the first four-way valve is connected with the gas-liquid separator, the gas-liquid separator is connected with the compressor, and the compressor is connected with the end 3 of the first four-way valve; the 4 end of the first four-way valve is connected with a heat exchanger; the heat exchanger is connected with the liquid storage tank, the liquid outlet tank is connected with the filter through the expansion valve, and the filter is connected with the evaporator; the water control loop comprises a water tank, a water pump, a three-way valve, a one-way stop valve, an air pressure tank, a pressure gauge, a backwater temperature sensor, a second four-way valve and an opening degree adjusting valve; the water tank is connected with the heat exchanger, a water outlet of the water tank is connected with a water pump, the water pump is connected with a one-way stop valve through a three-way valve, the one-way stop valve is connected with a water outlet pipeline, and the water outlet pipeline is connected with a water return pipeline; the end 1 of the second four-way valve is connected with the heat exchanger, the end 2 is connected with the three-way valve, the end 3 is connected with the water return pipeline motor, and the end 4 is connected with the water inlet pipeline; the air pressure tank and the pressure gauge are connected to the water outlet pipeline; the return water temperature sensor is arranged on the return water pipeline; the opening regulator is connected to the water inlet pipeline; the variable frequency controller is respectively and electrically connected with the first four-way valve, the compressor, the water tank, the water pump, the pressure gauge, the second four-way valve, the backwater temperature sensor and the opening regulating valve; the variable frequency controller is also connected with an ambient temperature sensor and a relative humidity sensor.
2. The air energy water heater with frost formation prediction and defrosting functions of claim 1, wherein: the evaporator comprises a disc-shaped copper pipe, and a thermal expansion unit is tightly attached to or wound on the disc-shaped copper pipe.
3. The air energy water heater with frost formation prediction and defrosting functions of claim 1, wherein: and a plurality of electric vibrators are arranged around the disc-shaped copper pipe.
4. The air energy water heater with frost formation prediction and defrosting functions of claim 4, wherein: the fixed part of the electric vibrator is fixed on the end face of the outdoor unit, and the movable part and the disc-shaped copper pipe are spaced.
5. The use method of the air energy water heater with the frost predicting and defrosting functions according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the variable frequency controller collects ambient temperature, ambient relative humidity, water pressure of a pipe network, temperature of the tail end of return water and pressure data of outlet gas of a compressor, then controls operation of a refrigerant loop and a water control loop, and achieves heating work and defrosting work of the air energy water heater.
6. The use method of the air energy water heater with the frost predicting and defrosting functions according to claim 5, characterized in that: during heating, refrigerant in the refrigerant loop absorbs heat energy in air in an evaporator copper pipe to be gasified, the refrigerant is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through a first four-way valve, a gas-liquid separator and a compressor, and the heat energy is released to water flowing through the heat exchanger to heat the water; after releasing the heat energy, the refrigerant returns to the evaporator again to carry out the next heat exchange after passing through the liquid storage tank, the expansion valve and the filter;
under the heating working mode, the water control loop realizes three working states including a circulating heating working state, a backwater heating working state and constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply; in the circulating heating working state, when the variable frequency controller does not detect the condition that the temperature of the user water and the tail end return water in the return water pipeline is too low, the end 1 and the end 2 of the second four-way valve are communicated, and water flows out of the water tank, sequentially passes through the water pump, the three-way valve, the second four-way valve and the heat exchanger and then returns to the water tank again; after the variable frequency controller samples the water temperature of the water tank and executes a water temperature control algorithm, the operating parameters of the compressor and the operating parameters of the water pump are coordinated, so that the water temperature of the water tank is constant, and the optimal efficiency of the water heater is achieved; in a backwater heating working state, when the variable frequency controller detects that the temperature of the backwater at the tail end is lower than a set backwater tail end temperature lower limit threshold value, the end 1 and the end 3 of the second four-way valve are communicated, and water flows out of the water tank and then returns to the water tank again after sequentially passing through the water pump, the three-way valve, the one-way stop valve, the water outlet pipeline, the backwater pipeline, the second four-way valve and the heat exchanger; the variable frequency controller rapidly heats low-temperature water in the pipeline by controlling the rotating speed of the water pump and the power of the compressor, and injects high-temperature water in the water tank into the pipeline until the temperature of the tail end of the backwater reaches a set upper limit threshold of the temperature of the tail end of the backwater; in a constant-temperature and constant-pressure water supply state, when the variable-frequency controller detects water consumption of a user through a pressure gauge, the end 1 of the second four-way valve is communicated with the end 4, hot water flows out of the water tank and sequentially passes through the water pump, the three-way valve, the one-way stop valve and the water outlet pipeline to reach the user using end, the hot water meeting requirements is provided for the user, the running rotating speed of the water pump determines the running frequency of the water pump through a water supply constant-pressure control algorithm, and the water consumption pressure of the user is stable; the reduced hot water in the water tank is supplemented by controlling the opening of the opening regulating valve; meanwhile, the variable frequency controller operates a water temperature control algorithm to adjust the power of the compressor in real time, so that the low-temperature water injected by the opening adjusting valve is heated, and the temperature of the water tank is ensured.
7. The use method of the air energy water heater with the frost predicting and defrosting functions according to claim 5, characterized in that: the defrosting work comprises that a variable frequency controller drives a thermal expansion unit and a vibrator to break frost by expansion stress and resonance stress, the frost attached to a copper pipe is broken into small frost, and most of the broken frost is vibrated to fall by vibration; meanwhile, the frequency conversion controller switches the mode of the first four-way valve, the refrigerant absorbs the heat energy of water in the heat exchanger to be gasified, and after the refrigerant is compressed into high-temperature and high-pressure gas through the first four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator and the compressor, the heat energy is released to frost attached to the copper pipe in the evaporator, so that the melting speed of broken frost is increased, and the defrosting process of the air energy water heater is improved; after releasing the heat energy, the refrigerant returns to the heat exchanger again for next heat exchange after passing through the filter, the expansion valve and the liquid storage tank; under the defrosting working condition, the frequency conversion controller communicates the end 1 with the end 2 of the second four-way valve, high-temperature hot water in the water tank flows out of the water tank, sequentially passes through the water pump, the three-way valve and the second four-way valve, heat in the high-temperature hot water is absorbed by a refrigerant on the other side of the heat exchanger after reaching the heat exchanger, and the water after releasing the heat flows out of the heat exchanger and returns to the water tank again; meanwhile, the frequency conversion controller realizes the control of the thermal defrosting speed by adjusting the running speed of the water pump.
8. The use method of the air energy water heater with the frost predicting and defrosting functions according to claim 5, characterized in that: a frosting prediction algorithm is arranged in the variable frequency controller, and frosting prediction is carried out through the frosting prediction algorithm, and the steps are as follows:
(1) obtaining the ambient temperature T of the dayambAmbient relative humidity HambJudging whether the air energy water heater is in a frosting operation boundary range or not; if yes, entering the step (2); otherwise, quitting;
(2) executing the frosting prediction algorithm once every delta T time from the moment, and defining that each time the prediction algorithm is executed, the frosting prediction algorithm needs to be executed every timeN data are sampled by one parameter, and the sampling period is Ts；
(3) Power P to the compressorcompAnd refrigerant high pressure gas pressure PpressN data samples, denoted as: { Pcomp(1),Pcomp(2),…,Pcomp(n) } and { P }press(1),Ppress(2),…,Ppress(n) }; setting fitting relationships
The frost formation degree array { α (1), α (2), …, α (n) }isobtained. Wherein:
(4) obtaining the maximum value alpha of { alpha (1), alpha (2), …, alpha (n) }maxMax { α (1), α (2), …, α (n) }, the condition α is judgedmax＜αthrAnd Tamb＞TthrWhether the result is true or not; if yes, the air energy water heater does not frost, and the step (2) is returned; otherwise, entering the step (5); wherein: alpha is alphathrAnd TthrRespectively setting a threshold value for the minimum frosting degree and a threshold value for the temperature;
(5) calculating the mean value
And standard deviation of
Judgment of
If yes, entering the step (6); otherwise, returning to the step (2); wherein: theta is a set threshold value;
(6) determining frosting degree of air energy water heater
9. The use method of the air energy water heater with the frost predicting and defrosting functions according to claim 8, characterized in that: and defrosting according to the acquired frosting degree, and the steps are as follows:
firstly, acquiring a frosting degree alpha;
secondly, calculating expansion deformation delta required to be generated by the thermal expansion unit when the frosting degree is alpha according to a function delta which is s (alpha); calculating the current set value I which needs to flow through the thermal expansion unit when the thermal expansion unit generates the expansion deformation delta according to the function I which is equal to g (delta)set；
Calculating amplitude A and frequency F required to be generated by the vibrator when the frosting degree is alpha according to the function A ═ h (alpha) and the function F ═ F (alpha); function of dependence
Calculating output current vector of driving power supply when vibrator generates amplitude A and frequency F
Fourthly, controlling the first four-way valve to be switched from heating work to defrosting work and controlling the compressor power P according to the defrosting workcompMathematical relationship P with frosting degree alphacompObtaining a compressor running power set value as D _ front (alpha)
Defrosting is realized;
fifth, general formula Iset、
And
respectively as and controlling the power output current of the thermal expansion unit, the power output current of the vibrator and the running power set value of the compressor;
driving the thermal expansion, the vibrator, the first four-way valve and the compressor to defrost.
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