CN114438664A - 一种微纳米纤维共混材料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种微纳米纤维共混材料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微纳米纤维共混材料及其制备方法与应用。所述制备方法如下:1)将纳米纤维粉末溶解在DMF溶剂中,磁力搅拌均匀,得到静电纺溶液;取熔喷用微米纤维,切片待用;2)设置静电纺丝装置的静电纺接收距离为14~16cm,纺丝电压为25~30 KV;设置熔喷装置的熔喷接收距离为24~33cm,挤出温度为250~270℃,风压为120~130Kpa,网下吸风速度为4000~5000 r/min,烘燥温度为140~160℃;3)开启静电纺丝装置和熔喷装置,在线制备微纳米纤维共混过滤材料。本发明结合熔喷和静电纺两种纺丝技术,一步法高效制备微纳米纤维共混材料,通过本发明发明方法制备的微纳米纤维材料结构稳定,面密度、厚度、纤维直径、共混比例等参数可控。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纺织品领域,特别涉及一种微纳米纤维共混材料及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
在微纳米纤维共混材料中,纳米纤维和微米纤维相互穿插,形成一个整体。微米纤维起到骨架作用,纳米纤维则起到增加比表面积、提高过滤效率和吸附能力的作用。微米纤维和纳米纤维共混是过滤材料实现高效低阻的有效途径。此外,两种尺度的纤维协同作用可以提高材料的吸音吸、油性能。张恒等以聚乙二醇(PEG)/聚丙烯(PP)共混改性料为原料,基于熔喷技术一步法制备了PEG/PP 微纳米纤维共混材料。岑喜喜为了细化熔喷膜的纤维直径至纳米级,运用基于聚丙烯(PP)和聚碳酸酯(PC)两种聚合物的不相容性和粘度差异产生的抽拔拉细作用一步法制得微纳米纤维共混熔喷膜。Deng等以聚丙烯和聚苯乙烯为原料,采用共混熔喷法一步制备了包含微纳米纤维的非织造布。两种不相容的原料会使纺丝熔体产生黏度波动,在气流的牵伸作用下产生微米级和纳米级的共混纤维。王亦菲采用 L-苯丙氨酸有机小分子凝胶因子于亲水改性聚丙烯熔喷非织造材料内自组装生成纳米线,制备了熔喷基多级纤维共混过滤材料。PU等通过在传统的熔喷设备中引入静电场,优化实验参数,可以将熔喷纤维的平均直径从 1.69 微米降低至 0.96 微米,并且纤维的直径分布变窄。结果表明,静电辅助熔喷制备的非织造材料较传统熔喷非织造材料虽然力学性能稍有下降,但具有更小的孔径和更高的过滤效率,可在空气过滤领域得到广泛的应用。申请号为201710818067.X的中国专利公开了一种将气流输送的微米纤维与静电纺喷出的纳米纤维同时喷射到网帘上实现在线共混的装置,该装置的微米纤维输送管道里输出的是热熔纤维,将得到的微纳米纤维共混体进行热处理即可实现纤网加固,该发明实现了微纳米纤维在线共混且共混比例可控。Choi等将纳米纤维和微米短纤分散在水中,采用湿法成网技术制备了微纳米纤维共混材料。
共混熔喷法和静电场辅助熔喷法制备的微纳米纤维材料中,纳米纤维的直径较大,接近微米级,且共混比例不可控。微米纤网中自组装纳米线的方法操作复杂,生产效率低。湿法成网制备的微纳米纤维共混材料厚度受到限制,结构松散、强度低。因此新的微纳米纤维共混方法有待开发。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种微纳米纤维共混材料及其制备方法与应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种微纳米纤维共混材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将纳米纤维粉末溶解在DMF溶剂中,磁力搅拌3.5~4.5小时,得到质量分数为12~15%的静电纺溶液;
取熔喷用微米纤维,切片待用;
2)设置静电纺丝装置的静电纺接收距离为14~16cm,纺丝电压为25~30 KV;
设置熔喷装置的熔喷接收距离为24~33cm,挤出温度为250~270℃,风压为120~130Kpa,网下吸风速度为4000~5000 r/min,烘燥温度为140~160℃;
3)开启静电纺丝装置和熔喷装置,在线制备微纳米纤维共混过滤材料。
所述纳米纤维直径为10-1000纳米。所述纳米纤维可以为PAN,PLA,PVDF,PCL,PU,TPU,PS,PA,PVA、PEO等。
所述微米纤维的直径为1-40微米。所述微米纤维可以为PP,PS,PTFE,PVDF,PLA,PA,PET,PE,PBT、PTT、PU、PPS等。
所述微米纤维和纳米纤维的共混质量比为0.1%-100%。
所制备的微纳米纤维共混材料的厚度为0.1-100mm,面密度为2-500g/m2,孔隙率为60-90%。
所述微纳米纤维共混材料可用于制备过滤材料、吸音材料或吸油材料。
本发明结合熔喷和静电纺两种纺丝技术,一步法高效制备微纳米纤维共混材料,通过本发明发明方法制备的微纳米纤维材料结构稳定,面密度、厚度、纤维直径、共混比例等参数可控。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明将纺丝工艺可控的熔喷和静电纺相结合,通过在线共混的方式制备微纳米纤维材料,该方法流程短,操作简单,与湿法纺丝相比,该方法更适合快速生产。
2、熔喷模头喷出的微米纤维具有自粘合功能,可以在微米纤维和纳米纤维间形成固结点。因此,本发明制备的微纳米纤网不需要后期加固即具有稳定的结构和相对较高的强力。
3、本发明制备的产品具有三维结构,该结构中,微米纤维起到骨架作用,纳米纤维起到增大比表面积,增强吸附的作用。两种尺度的纤维性能互补,可以提高产品的综合性能。在用作过滤材料、吸油材料、吸音材料时具有优异的性能。
4、本发明采用的两种纺丝方法工艺灵活,可以根据不同的需要调节纺丝参数,制备满足不同需求的产品。
附图说明
图1是本发明涉及的装置示意图;
其中:1、静电纺喷头;2、纳米纤维;3、熔喷模头;4、微米纤维;5、金属板/网;6、微纳米纤网;7、接收网帘;8、网下吸风;9、烘燥设备;10、对辊;11、卷绕装置。
具体实施方式
以下各实施例中,静电纺设备的喷丝头可以为一个或多个,静电纺设备和熔喷设备的挤出量可以根据产品的共混比需要进行搭配调节。
以下实施例涉及的纳米纤维直径为10-1000纳米。微米纤维的直径为1-40微米。
所制备的微纳米纤维共混材料的厚度为0.1-100mm,面密度为2-500g/m2,孔隙率为60-90%。
实施例1
一种微纳米纤维共混材料的制备
第一步:将PAN静电纺粉末溶解在DMF溶剂中,磁力搅拌4小时,得到质量分数为15%的静电纺溶液。取熔喷用PP切片待用;
第二步:设置静电纺接收距离为15cm,纺丝电压为29KV。设置熔喷接收距离为24cm,挤出温度为260℃,风压为120Kpa,网下吸风为4000r/min,烘燥温度为150℃;
第三步:开启静电纺丝装置和熔喷装置,在线制备微纳米纤维共混过滤材料。
本实施例制备的微纳米纤维共混材料可用作空气过滤材料。
实施例2
一种微纳米纤维共混材料的制备
第一步:将PAN静电纺粉末溶解在DMF溶剂中,磁力搅拌4小时,得到质量分数为12%的静电纺溶液。取熔喷用PP切片待用;
第二步:设置静电纺接收距离为15cm,纺丝电压为25KV。设置熔喷接收距离为33cm,挤出温度为260℃,风压为130Kpa,网下吸风为5000r/min,烘燥温度为150℃;
第三步:开启静电纺丝装置和熔喷装置,在线制备微纳米纤维共混过滤材料。
本实施例制备的微纳米纤维共混材料可用作吸音材料。
实施例3
一种微纳米纤维共混材料的制备
第一步:将PAN静电纺粉末溶解在DMF溶剂中,磁力搅拌4小时,得到质量分数为14%的静电纺溶液。取熔喷用PP切片待用;
第二步:设置静电纺接收距离为14cm,纺丝电压为30KV。设置熔喷接收距离为33cm,挤出温度为260℃,风压为130Kpa,网下吸风为5000r/min,烘燥温度为150℃;
第三步:开启静电纺丝装置和熔喷装置,在线制备微纳米纤维共混过滤材料。
本实施例制备的微纳米纤维共混材料可用作吸油材料。
Claims (9)
1.一种微纳米纤维共混材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)将纳米纤维粉末溶解在DMF溶剂中,磁力搅拌3.5~4.5小时,得到质量分数为12~15%的静电纺溶液;
取熔喷用微米纤维,切片待用;
2)设置静电纺丝装置的静电纺接收距离为14~16cm,纺丝电压为25~30 KV;
设置熔喷装置的熔喷接收距离为24~33cm,挤出温度为250~270℃,风压为120~130Kpa,网下吸风速度为4000~5000 r/min,烘燥温度为140~160℃;
3)开启静电纺丝装置和熔喷装置,在线制备微纳米纤维共混过滤材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种微纳米纤维共混材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纳米纤维直径为10-1000纳米。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种微纳米纤维共混材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纳米纤维为PAN,PLA,PVDF,PCL,PU,TPU,PS,PA,PVA或PEO。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种微纳米纤维共混材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述微米纤维的直径为1-40微米。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种微纳米纤维共混材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述微米纤维为PP,PS,PTFE,PVDF,PLA,PA,PET,PE,PBT、PTT、PU或PPS。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种微纳米纤维共混材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述微米纤维和纳米纤维的共混质量比为0.1%-100%。
7.根据权利要求1~6任一制备方法得到的微纳米纤维共混材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的微纳米纤维共混材料,其特征在于,所述微纳米纤维共混材料的厚度为0.1-100mm,面密度为2-500g/m2,孔隙率为60-90%。
9.如权利要求7所述的微纳米纤维共混材料的应用,其特征在于,将微纳米纤维共混材料用于制备过滤材料、吸音材料或吸油材料。
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