CN114428006A - Weak cemented rock sample preparation device and preparation method - Google Patents
Weak cemented rock sample preparation device and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114428006A CN114428006A CN202111665932.4A CN202111665932A CN114428006A CN 114428006 A CN114428006 A CN 114428006A CN 202111665932 A CN202111665932 A CN 202111665932A CN 114428006 A CN114428006 A CN 114428006A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/36—Embedding or analogous mounting of samples
- G01N2001/366—Moulds; Demoulding
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing a weakly cemented rock sample, and belongs to the technical field of rock mechanics. The device comprises a core die; further comprising: the filling unit comprises a crack prefabricated rod, a crack clamping mechanism and a pressure head; when the crack prefabricated rod is filled, the crack prefabricated rod extends into the hollow structure of the core mould from the opening at the bottom of the core mould; the fracture clamping mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the core mold during filling and is used for clamping a fracture preform; the pressure head is matched and movably connected with the opening at the top of the core mould during filling and is used for compacting materials in the core mould; the pressing die unit is used for compacting materials in the die by matching with the core die after the filling is finished; and the demolding unit is used for demolding the rock sample in the mold by matching with the core mold after the compression molding is finished. The device provided by the invention has a simple structure, overcomes the defect that the weak cemented rock sample is difficult to prepare the fracture channel, is simple in process by matching with the preparation method provided by the invention, and can effectively prepare the weak cemented rock sample containing the fracture channel which meets the expected requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mechanics, and particularly relates to a device and a method for preparing a weakly cemented rock sample.
Background
The development time of the coal in the east region is long, the resources are gradually exhausted, in addition, the reserves of shallow coal seams in the northwest region are quite rich, the main position of coal mining in China is gradually transferred to the western region, most of the coal resources in the Xinjiang region are in the chalk line and the Jurassic line strata, because of the unique natural geography, geological structure and ecological environment, the lithology belongs to weakly cemented sandstone, has the characteristics of easy softening, low strength, poor cementing capability and the like, has a series of engineering problems along with the exploitation of western shallow coal seams, the water and sand inrush disaster occurring in the method can have extremely adverse effects on the safe production of mines and the local fragile ecological environment, the mechanism of the water and sand inrush disaster occurring under the weakly cemented rock mass in Xinjiang is not deeply known at present, and therefore, the permeability of the weakly cemented rock and the water and sand migration rule of fracture channels in the weakly cemented rock are required to be researched.
The preparation process of the weakly cemented rock sample is different from that of the traditional rock sample, because the weakly cemented rock sample is easy to crack due to small disturbance, the rock mass which is difficult to explode around the roadway or the large-diameter cylindrical rock sample which is drilled by a geological drilling machine is cored in a laboratory to prepare a standard rock sample, and a fracture channel is constructed under the standard rock sample in a drilling mode, so that the sample is easy to damage, and the success rate is extremely low.
Therefore, at present, a device or a method capable of remodeling a weakly cemented rock sample containing a fracture channel is needed to provide theoretical guidance for deep research on seepage instability characteristics of weakly cemented fractured rock mass and prevention and treatment of water inrush and sand inrush disasters encountered in western exploitation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a weakly cemented rock sample preparation apparatus including:
the core mould is of a hollow cylindrical structure with openings at two ends;
further comprising:
the filling unit is used for filling in cooperation with the core mold and comprises a crack preform rod, a crack clamping mechanism and a pressure head; the crack prefabricated rod extends into the hollow structure of the core mould from the opening at the bottom of the core mould when being filled; the fracture clamping mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the core mold during filling and is used for clamping a fracture preform; the pressure head is matched and movably connected with the opening at the top of the core mould during filling and is used for compacting materials in the core mould; and the number of the first and second groups,
the pressing die unit is used for compacting materials in the die by matching with the core die after the filling is finished;
and the demolding unit is used for demolding the rock sample in the mold by matching with the core mold after the pressing mold is finished.
According to the weak cementation rock sample preparation device provided by the embodiment of the invention, optionally, the packing unit further comprises:
the packing base is arranged below the crack clamping mechanism during packing, a prefabricated rod channel is vertically arranged in the middle of the packing base in a penetrating mode and is used for penetrating a crack prefabricated rod, grading channels are horizontally arranged on the side face of the packing base in a penetrating mode and are communicated with the prefabricated rod channel, and the grading channels are formed in the positions, at different heights, of the packing base; also comprises the following steps of (1) preparing,
and the cushion block is matched and movably connected with the grading channel.
According to the weak cemented rock sample preparation device provided by the embodiment of the invention, optionally, the fracture clamping mechanism comprises:
the limiting disc is of a hollow shell structure with an opening at the bottom, a plurality of kidney-shaped guide grooves are formed in the top surface of the inner wall of the limiting disc, and a position yielding opening is formed in the side surface of the limiting disc;
the track disc is matched with the hollow shape of the limiting disc in shape, the track disc is arranged in the limiting disc, a limiting guide groove is formed in the top surface of the track disc, a crank is convexly formed on the side surface of the track disc, and the crank extends out of a yielding hole of the limiting disc;
the sliding blocks are triangular, the middle part of the top surface of the bottom edge of each sliding block is vertically and upwards protruded to form a protruded shaft, the protruded shaft is matched and movably connected with the kidney-shaped guide groove, the corner part of the bottom surface of the bottom edge of each sliding block is vertically and downwards protruded to form a protruded block, and the width of the protruded block is matched with the width of the limit guide groove and is matched and movably connected with the limit guide groove;
the opening control chassis is of a disc-shaped structure and is arranged below the track disc, and the opening control chassis is fixedly connected with the bottom end face of the limiting disc;
the crank of the track disc is vertically provided with an opening in a penetrating mode, the edge of the opening control chassis is provided with a plurality of bolt holes corresponding to the positions of the openings of the crank, the bolt holes are arranged along the rotating track of the openings on the crank and are provided with a bolt in a matching mode;
the limiting disc and the middle part of the track disc are vertically penetrated and provided with a yielding hole for the crack prefabricated rod to pass through.
According to the device for preparing the weakly cemented rock sample, optionally, a limiting frame is formed on the top surface of the limiting disc in a protruding mode, and the shape of the inner side wall of the limiting frame is matched with the shape of the outer side wall of the core mold.
According to the weakly cemented rock sample preparation apparatus of the embodiment of the invention, optionally, the pressing die unit comprises:
the die pressing base is arranged below the core die during die pressing, the top surface of the middle part of the die pressing base is upwards protruded to form a boss, and the shape of the boss is matched with the shape of the inner wall of the core die;
and the pressure head is matched and movably connected with the top opening of the core mold during pressing and is used for compacting materials in the core mold.
According to the device for preparing the weakly cemented rock sample, optionally, an assembly hole with the size matched with the outer diameter of the fracture preform is formed in the center of the top surface of the pressing die base.
According to the weak bond rock sample preparation device provided by the embodiment of the invention, optionally, the demolding unit comprises:
the demolding pressure bearing table is arranged below the core mold during demolding, and is of a hollow cylindrical structure with an opening at the top;
and the pressure head is matched and movably connected with the top opening of the core mold during demolding and is used for downwards pressing out the rock sample in the core mold.
According to the weak cementation rock sample preparation device provided by the embodiment of the invention, optionally, a buffer mechanism is further arranged at the bottom in the demolding pressure bearing table, and the buffer mechanism comprises:
the spring array is formed by fixing a plurality of springs at the bottom in the demoulding pressure bearing table;
a foam layer laid over the array of springs.
According to the weakly cemented rock sample preparation apparatus of an embodiment of the present invention, optionally, the indenter comprises a long indenter and a short indenter, wherein,
the long head height l0Has a relationship of0>l1；
Said short head height l4Has a relationship of1-l2-l5+5mm<l4<l1-l2-l5+25mm；
l1Is the core mold height, /)2For the height of the boss of the base of the pressing die5The expected height of the rock sample is required to be prepared.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method for preparing a weakly cemented rock sample is provided, which comprises the following steps:
s10, preparation
S11, mechanically crushing the weakly consolidated rock taken out of the stratum, grinding and screening the crushed weakly consolidated rock, adding water into the powder, mixing the powder and the water, and stirring the mixture uniformly to form a core base material;
s12, selecting a crack prefabricated rod with a proper size according to the crack channel requirement;
s13, coating a release agent on the inner wall of the core mould and the outer wall of the crack preform;
s20, filler
S21, taking down the cushion block in the grading channel, and inserting the crack prefabricated rod into the bottom in the channel of the prefabricated rod;
s22, opening the fracture clamping mechanism to enable the fracture preform to penetrate through the fracture clamping mechanism to extend upwards, placing the fracture clamping mechanism on the top of the packing base, rotating the crank to enable the fracture clamping mechanism to clamp the fracture preform to enable the fracture preform to be located at the central axis position, and then placing the core mold in a limiting frame of the fracture clamping mechanism in a matched mode;
s23, filling the prepared base materials into a core mould in batches, installing a pressure head on the top of the core mould after each filling, pressurizing for a period of time by using a pressure machine, taking down a filling base after each pressurizing, and inserting a cushion block into a grading channel at a higher-level position in a matching manner;
s30, pressing die
S31, taking down the fracture clamping mechanism and the filling base, and placing the core mould on the die pressing base;
s32, installing a pressure head on the top of the core mould, and pressurizing for 1-1.5 hours by using a press machine until the rock sample is pressed and formed;
s40, demolding
S41, clamping a crack prefabricated rod extending out of the bottom of the core mold through a crack clamping mechanism and taking down the crack prefabricated rod;
s42, placing the core mould on a demoulding pressure bearing table, installing a pressure head on the top of the core mould, and pressurizing by a press machine until the rock sample is released from the core mould and falls onto a buffer mechanism;
s50, grinding
And (4) polishing off the part of the upper part of the rock sample without penetrating the crack by using a grinding wheel polisher so as to completely penetrate the crack channel.
Advantageous effects
The weakly cemented rock sample preparation device is simple in structure, overcomes the defect that a weakly cemented rock sample is not easy to prepare a fracture channel, is simple in process by matching with the weakly cemented rock sample preparation method, and can quickly and effectively prepare the weakly cemented rock sample containing the fracture channel, which meets the expected requirements.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is apparent that the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and are not limiting on the present invention.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a packing element of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a die unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a stripping unit of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of a crevice holding mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a top view of a spacing disk of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows a top view of the track disk of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows a top view of the slider of the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows a side view of the slider of the present invention;
FIG. 9 shows a top view of the opening control chassis of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a top view of the change in condition of the split clamping mechanism of the present invention as the clamping space is adjusted in size;
FIG. 11 illustrates a front view of the change in condition of the crevice holding mechanism of the present invention when the size of the holding space is adjusted;
FIG. 12 is a view showing a state of dimension before compression molding;
FIG. 13 is a view showing a state of dimensions after press molding;
FIG. 14 illustrates a method flow diagram of the present invention;
reference numerals:
1. a core mould; 10. a lug;
2. performing crack prefabrication;
3. a fracture clamping mechanism; 30. a limiting disc; 300. a limiting frame; 301. a kidney-shaped guide slot; 31. a track disk; 310. a limiting guide groove; 311. a crank; 32. a slider; 320. a protruding shaft; 321. a convex block; 33. an opening degree control chassis; 330. a pin hole;
4. a pressure head; 40. a long pressure head; 41. a short ram;
5. a filler base; 50. a preform passage; 51. a grading channel; 52. a cushion block;
6. a die base;
7. demolding the pressure bearing table; 70. a buffer mechanism; 71. an array of springs; 72. a foam layer;
1000. a filler unit;
2000. a die unit;
3000. and a demolding unit.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Example 1
The weakly cemented rock sample preparation device of this embodiment includes core mould 1 and with core mould 1 complex filler unit 1000, moulding-die unit 2000 and demoulding unit 3000.
The core mould 1 is a hollow cylindrical structure with openings at two ends, the hollow shape of the inner wall of the core mould 1 is matched with the shape of a rock sample to be formed, the hollow inside of the core mould 1 is cylindrical, the appearance of the core mould 1 is of a cuboid structure, the inner diameter of the core mould 1 is 50mm, and the height of the core mould 1 is 130 mm.
The packing unit 1000 of this embodiment is used for packing in cooperation with the core mold 1 to construct a basic shape of a rock sample, and as shown in fig. 1, a structure of the packing unit 1000 of this embodiment in cooperation with the core mold 1 is shown.
The packing unit 1000 of the present embodiment includes a crack preform 2, a crack clamping mechanism 3, a pressure head 4, and a packing base 5;
when filling, the crack preform 2 extends into the hollow structure of the core mold 1 from the bottom opening of the core mold 1, the crack preform 2 in the embodiment is an iron rod, and the crack preform 2 has external diameter sizes of various specifications and is selected according to the size requirement of a crack channel in a prepared rock sample;
the fracture clamping mechanism 3 is arranged at the bottom of the core mold 1 during filling and is used for clamping the fracture preform 2 so as to avoid fracture forming failure caused by displacement of the fracture preform 2 during filling;
the pressing head 4 is movably connected with an opening at the top of the core mould 1 in a matched manner during filling and is used for compacting materials in the core mould 1, the pressing head 4 is cylindrical, the outer diameter size of the pressing head is matched with the inner diameter of the core mould 1, a circular platform is fixedly connected to the top of the pressing head 4 and is used for having a larger and more stable contact area with a press machine during compacting, and the outer diameter of the pressing head 4 is 50 mm;
the packing base 5 is arranged below the crack clamping mechanism 3 during packing, the packing base 5 of the embodiment is of a 80 × 80 × 80 cube structure, a prefabricated rod channel 50 is vertically penetrated and arranged in the middle of the packing base 5 and is used for the crack prefabricated rod 2 to penetrate through, more specifically, the inner diameter of the prefabricated rod channel 50 is larger than or at least equal to the crack prefabricated rod 2 with the maximum outer diameter dimension specification, the depth of the prefabricated rod channel 50 of the embodiment is 75mm, a grading channel 51 is horizontally penetrated and arranged on the side surface of the packing base 5, the grading channel 51 is communicated with the prefabricated rod channel 50, the grading channels 51 are provided with a plurality of channels and are formed at different height positions of the packing base 5, in the embodiment, the grading channel 51 is a cuboid groove of 50 × 10 × 5mm, the grading channels are respectively and uniformly arranged at intervals of 20mm downwards from the top of the packing base 5, in addition, the packing base 5 of the embodiment is further provided with a cushion block 52 in a matching manner, the spacer block 52 is a rectangular block of 50 × 10 × 5mm, and is movably connected to the grading channel 51 in a fitting manner, and when the rock sample filler is manufactured, the split preform 2 is inserted into the preform channel 50, and the rising height of the split preform 2 is controlled by inserting the spacer block 52 into the grading channels 51 of different heights.
Further, the crack clamping mechanism 3 of the present embodiment is a mechanical iris structure, and includes a limiting disc 30, a track disc 31 and a plurality of sliders 32; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the limiting disc 30 is a hollow shell structure with an opening at the bottom, the top surface of the inner wall of the limiting disc 30 is provided with a plurality of waist-shaped guide grooves 301, in this embodiment, six waist-shaped guide grooves 301 which are rotationally symmetric and take the axis of the limiting disc 30 as the center are uniformly arranged, and the side surface of the limiting disc 30 is provided with a position-giving opening;
as shown in fig. 6, the shape of the track disc 31 is matched with the hollow shape of the limit disc 30, the track disc 31 is arranged in the limit disc 30, the top surface of the track disc 31 is provided with a limit guide groove 310, the limit guide groove 310 of the embodiment is arranged in a regular hexagon shape, the center is the axis of the track disc 31, the axis of the track disc 31 is overlapped with the axis of the limit disc 30, a crank 311 is convexly formed on the side surface of the track disc 31, the crank 311 extends out of a abdication port of the limit disc 30, and the track disc 31 can rotate in the limit disc 30 by poking the crank 311;
as shown in fig. 7 and 8, there are a plurality of sliders 32, each slider 32 is triangular, a protruding shaft 320 is vertically formed in the middle of the top surface of the bottom edge of each slider 320 in an upward protruding manner, each protruding shaft 320 is movably connected with a waist-shaped guide groove 301 in a matching manner, a protruding block 321 is vertically formed in the corner of the bottom surface of each slider 320 in a downward protruding manner, the width of each protruding block 321 is matched with the width of a limit guide groove 310 and is movably connected with the limit guide groove 310 in a matching manner, the number of sliders 32 in the embodiment is six, and each slider 32 is correspondingly connected with the edges of one waist-shaped guide groove 301 and one limit guide groove 310;
spacing dish 30 and orbit dish 31 the middle part is all vertical to run through and to be offered the hole of stepping down that supplies crack prefabricated stick 2 to pass, through stirring crank 311, orbit dish 31 rotates at spacing dish 30 around the axle center, and then drives six sliders 32 and takes place to rotate, locates to form the space that supplies crack prefabricated stick 2 to pass through at the center from this, as shown in fig. 10, crack prefabricated stick 2 passes through the back, reverse stirring crank 311 can accomplish the centre gripping to crack prefabricated stick 2.
Further, this embodiment further includes an opening control chassis 33, as shown in fig. 9, which is a disk-shaped structure, and is disposed below the trajectory disk 31, and the opening control chassis 33 is fixedly connected to the bottom end surface of the limiting disk 30, a plurality of pin holes 330 are also disposed at the edge of the opening control chassis 33 corresponding to the positions of the openings of the crank 311, and the pin holes 330 are disposed along the rotation trajectory of the openings of the crank 311 and provided with a pin, when the split preform 2 needs to be clamped, the crank 311 is reversely shifted to a proper position, so that the openings of the crank 311 are aligned with the pin holes 330, and the position of the trajectory disk 31 can be fixed by the pin, as shown in fig. 11, thereby achieving the effect of stably clamping the split preform 2.
Through the structure of the crack fixture 3 of this embodiment, can use the different external diameter size's of same structure adaptation crack prefabricated stick 2, and the homoenergetic guarantees effective centre gripping to can ensure to be fixed in crack prefabricated stick 2 in axis position department all the time, ensure the prefabricated effect of crack passageway.
Further, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the top surface of the limiting disc 30 of the embodiment is convexly formed with a limiting frame 300, the shape of the inner side wall of the limiting frame 300 is matched with the shape of the outer side wall of the core mold 1, the center position of the limiting frame 300 is overlapped with the axis position of the limiting disc 30, the axis of the core mold 1 is overlapped with the axis of the limiting disc 30 through the positioning of the limiting frame 300, and then the clamped crack preform 2 is ensured to be located at the axis position of the core mold 1, and the prefabrication effect of a crack channel is ensured.
The die unit 2000 of the present embodiment is used to cooperate with the core mold 1 to compact the filler therein to form a rock sample structure, as shown in fig. 2, which shows the structure of the die unit 2000 of the present embodiment when cooperating with the core mold 1.
The stamper unit 2000 of the present embodiment includes a stamper mount 6 and a ram 4;
the die pressing base 6 is arranged below the core die 1 during die pressing, the top surface of the middle part of the die pressing base 6 is upwards protruded to form a boss, and the shape of the boss is matched with the shape of the inner wall of the core die 1 and used for limiting the core die 1;
Further, the center of the top surface of the pressing mold base 6 of the embodiment is provided with an assembly hole matched with the outer diameter of the split preform 2 in size, and the assembly hole positions the split preform 2 when pressing is carried out.
The demolding unit 3000 of this embodiment is used for demolding in cooperation with the core mold 1 to demold a formed rock sample, and as shown in fig. 3, a structure of the demolding unit 3000 of this embodiment in cooperation with the core mold 1 is shown.
The demolding unit 3000 of the present embodiment includes a demolding pressure-bearing table 7 and a pressing head 4;
the demolding pressure-bearing table 7 is arranged below the core mold 1 during demolding, the demolding pressure-bearing table 7 is of a hollow cylindrical structure with an opening at the top, furthermore, a lug 10 is formed on the outer side surface of the core mold 1 in the embodiment in a protruding mode, the outer wall of the core mold 1 can be placed into the demolding pressure-bearing table 7 in a matched mode, and limiting is achieved through interference of the lug 10 and the end face of the top of the demolding pressure-bearing table 7;
Further, in view of the physical properties of the weakly consolidated rock sample, the bottom in the demolding pressure bearing table 7 is provided with the buffer mechanism 70 for buffering the falling rock sample, the embodiment shows a specific structure of the buffer mechanism 70, which comprises a spring array 71 and a foam layer 72, wherein the spring array 71 is composed of a plurality of springs fixed on the bottom in the demolding pressure bearing table 7, and the foam layer 72 is laid above the spring array 71, so that the bottom damage caused by the impact action after the rock sample is demolded can be effectively prevented.
Further, the indenter 4 of the present embodiment has two kinds, a long indenter 40 and a short indenter 41, wherein,
the long press head 40 is used in the early filling stage and the demolding, and the short press head 41 is used in the later filling stage and the die pressing;
the long ram 40 has a height of l0The height of the core mould 1 is l1Two dimensional relationships are 10>l1When in specific use, the following settings can be set: l0＝l1+5mm, the long ram 40 of this embodiment is 135mm in height;
as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the die base 6 has a boss protrusion height of l2Short ram 41 height of l4The height of the rock sample before compaction is l3The height of the compacted rock sample is l5There is a relationship: l3>l5And according to the property compression amount of the weakly consolidated material within the range of 10-20 mm, in order to prevent the machine from being damaged by collision between the pressure head 4 and the core die 1 in the compression process, the height sizes have a relationship: l2+l3+l4>l2+l5+l4>l1The compression amount of the bonding weakly cementing material is within the range of 10-20 mm, and the height l of a sample can be prepared according to expectation5Determining the value range of the height of the short pressure head: the calculation formula is as follows: l1－l2－l5+5mm<l4<l1－l2－l5+25mm, the short indenter 41 of this embodiment has a height of 35 mm.
Example 2
The method for preparing a weakly cemented rock sample according to the embodiment is based on the apparatus for preparing a weakly cemented rock sample according to the embodiment 1, and as shown in fig. 14, the method includes the following steps:
s10, preparation
S11, mechanically crushing the weakly consolidated rock taken out of the stratum, grinding the crushed weakly consolidated rock into powder, sieving the powder to uniform particle size, adding water into the powder, mixing the powder and the water, and uniformly stirring the powder to form a core base material;
s12, selecting a crack prefabricated rod 2 with a proper size according to the crack channel requirement, wherein the crack prefabricated rod 2 is an iron rod with the length of 120 mm;
s13, coating a release agent on the inner wall of the core mould 1 and the outer wall of the crack preform 2;
s20, filler
S21, taking down the cushion block 52 in the grading channel 51, and inserting the crack prefabricated rod 1 into the bottom in the prefabricated rod channel 50;
s22, opening the fracture clamping mechanism 3, enabling the fracture prefabricated rod 2 to penetrate through the fracture clamping mechanism 3 to extend upwards, placing the fracture clamping mechanism 3 on the top of the packing base 5, rotating the crank 311 to enable the fracture clamping mechanism 3 to clamp the fracture prefabricated rod 2 to enable the fracture prefabricated rod 2 to be located at the central axis position, and then placing the core mold 1 in a limiting frame 300 of the fracture clamping mechanism 3 in a matched mode;
s23, filling prepared base materials into a core mould 1 in four batches, wherein the amount of the base materials filled each time is 100-150 g, after filling each time, installing a pressure head 4 on the top of the core mould 1, pressurizing to 1-1.5 MPa by using a press machine, maintaining the applied pressure for 20-30S, then releasing, after pressurizing each time, taking down a filling base 5, and inserting a cushion block 52 into a grading channel 51 at a higher level position in a matching manner, so that the height position of a crack prefabricated rod 2 is raised, and after filling each time, the height of the base materials is 3-5 mm higher than that of the top of the crack prefabricated rod 2, so that the situation that the iron rod is in direct contact with the pressure head 4 to cause the deformation of the crack channel when pressing is carried out is avoided;
s30, pressing die
S31, taking down the fracture clamping mechanism 3 and the filling base 5, and placing the core mould 1 on the pressing mould base 6;
s32, installing a short pressure head 41 on the top of the core die 1, pressurizing to 10MPa by using a press machine, and maintaining the pressure for 1-1.5 h until the rock sample is pressed and molded;
s40, demolding
S41, clamping the crack prefabricated rod 2 extending out of the bottom of the core mould 1 through the crack clamping mechanism 3, and taking down the crack prefabricated rod 2;
s42, placing the core mould 1 on a demoulding pressure bearing table 7, installing a long pressure head 40 on the top of the core mould 1, and carrying out pressure demoulding on the core mould 1 to a buffer mechanism 70 at a constant speed of 5mm/min by using a press machine to obtain a complete rock sample;
s50, grinding
And (3) polishing off the part of the upper part of the rock sample without penetrating the crack by using a grinding wheel polisher so that the crack channel is completely penetrated and meets the standard rock sample size of 50mm multiplied by 100 mm.
The examples described herein are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the spirit and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for preparing a weakly cemented rock sample comprises,
the core mould (1) is of a hollow cylindrical structure with openings at two ends;
it is characterized by also comprising:
the core mold comprises a filling unit (1000) and a core mold body (1), wherein the filling unit (1000) is used for being matched with the core mold body to fill, and comprises a fracture prefabricated rod (2), a fracture clamping mechanism (3) and a pressure head (4); the crack prefabricated rod (2) extends into the hollow structure of the core mould (1) from the bottom opening of the core mould (1) during filling; the fracture clamping mechanism (3) is arranged at the bottom of the core mould (1) during filling and is used for clamping a fracture prefabricated rod (2); the pressure head (4) is matched and movably connected with the top opening of the core mould (1) during filling and is used for compacting materials in the core mould (1); and the number of the first and second groups,
the die pressing unit (2000) is used for matching with the core die (1) to compact materials in the die after the filling is finished;
and the demolding unit (3000) is used for demolding the rock sample in the mold by matching with the core mold (1) after the pressing mold is finished.
2. The apparatus for preparing a weakly cemented rock sample as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the packing unit (1000) further comprises:
the packing base (5) is arranged below the crack clamping mechanism (3) during packing, a preform rod channel (50) is vertically arranged in the middle of the packing base (5) in a penetrating mode, the preform rod channel (50) is used for a crack preform rod (2) to pass through, a grading channel (51) is horizontally arranged on the side face of the packing base (5) in a penetrating mode, the grading channel (51) is communicated with the preform rod channel (50), and a plurality of grading channels (51) are formed in positions of the packing base (5) at different heights; also comprises the following steps of (1) preparing,
and the cushion block (52) is matched and movably connected with the grading channel (51).
3. The weakly cemented rock sample preparation device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the fracture gripping mechanism (3) comprises:
the limiting disc (30) is of a hollow shell structure with an opening at the bottom, a plurality of waist-shaped guide grooves (301) are formed in the top surface of the inner wall of the limiting disc (30), and a position yielding opening is formed in the side surface of the limiting disc (30);
the track disc (31) is matched with the hollow shape of the limiting disc (30), the track disc (31) is arranged in the limiting disc (30), a limiting guide groove (310) is formed in the top surface of the track disc (31), a crank (311) is convexly formed on the side surface of the track disc (31), and the crank (311) extends out of a yielding port of the limiting disc (30);
the slide blocks (32) are triangular, the middle surface of the top of the bottom edge of each slide block (320) vertically protrudes upwards to form a protruding shaft (320), the protruding shaft (320) is matched and movably connected with the kidney-shaped guide groove (301), the corner part of the bottom edge of each slide block (320) vertically protrudes downwards to form a protruding block (321), and the width of the protruding block (321) is matched with the groove width of the limiting guide groove (310) and is matched and movably connected with the limiting guide groove (310);
the opening control chassis (33) is of a disc-shaped structure and is arranged below the track disc (31), and the opening control chassis (33) is fixedly connected with the bottom end face of the limiting disc (30);
the crank (311) of the track disc (31) is vertically provided with a through hole in a penetrating manner, the edge of the opening control chassis (33) is provided with a plurality of bolt holes (330) corresponding to the positions of the through holes of the crank (311), and the bolt holes (330) are arranged along the rotating track of the through holes of the crank (311) and are provided with a bolt;
the middle parts of the limiting disc (30) and the track disc (31) are vertically penetrated and provided with abdicating holes for the crack prefabricated rod (2) to pass through.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the top surface of the limiting disc (30) is convexly provided with a limiting frame (300), and the shape of the inner side wall of the limiting frame (300) is matched with the shape of the outer side wall of the core mold (1).
5. The apparatus for preparing a weakly cemented rock sample as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the press unit (2000) comprises:
the die pressing base (6) is arranged below the core die (1) during die pressing, a boss is formed on the top surface of the middle part of the die pressing base (6) in an upward protruding mode, and the shape of the boss is matched with that of the inner wall of the core die (1);
and the pressure head (4) is matched and movably connected with the top opening of the core mold (1) during pressing and is used for compacting materials in the core mold (1).
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein: and the center of the top surface of the pressing die base (6) is provided with an assembling hole with the size matched with the outer diameter of the crack prefabricated rod (2).
7. The apparatus for preparing a weakly cemented rock sample as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the stripping unit (3000) comprises:
the demolding pressure bearing table (7) is arranged below the core mold (1) during demolding, and the demolding pressure bearing table (7) is of a hollow cylindrical structure with an opening at the top;
and the pressing head (4) is matched and movably connected with the top opening of the core mould (1) during demoulding and is used for downwards pressing out the rock sample in the core mould (1).
8. The weakly cemented rock sample preparation device according to claim 7, characterized in that a buffer mechanism (70) is further arranged at the bottom inside the demolding pressure bearing table (7), and the buffer mechanism (70) comprises:
the spring array (71) is formed by fixing a plurality of springs at the bottom in the demoulding pressure bearing table (7);
a foam layer (72) laid over the array of springs (71).
9. The weakly cemented rock sample preparation device according to claim 1 or 5 or 7, characterised in that the indenter (4) comprises a long indenter (40) and a short indenter (41), wherein,
the long ram (40) heightl 0Existence relationshipl 0>l 1；
The short ram (41) heightl 4Existence relationshipl 1－l 2－l 5+5mm<l 4<l 1－l 2－l 5+25mm；
l 1The height of the core mould (1) is,l 2the height of the boss of the pressing die base (6),l 5the expected height of the rock sample needs to be prepared.
10. A preparation method of a weakly cemented rock sample is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10, preparation
S11, mechanically crushing the weakly consolidated rock taken out of the stratum, grinding and screening the crushed weakly consolidated rock, adding water into the powder, mixing the powder and the water, and stirring the mixture uniformly to form a core base material;
s12, selecting a crack prefabricated rod (2) with a proper size according to the crack channel requirement;
s13, coating a release agent on the inner wall of the core mould (1) and the outer wall of the crack preform (2);
s20, filler
S21, taking down the cushion block (52) in the grading channel (51), and inserting the crack prefabricated rod (1) into the bottom in the prefabricated rod channel (50);
s22, opening the crack clamping mechanism (3), enabling the crack prefabricated rod (2) to penetrate through the crack clamping mechanism (3) to extend upwards, placing the crack clamping mechanism (3) on the top of the packing base (5), rotating the crank (311) to enable the crack clamping mechanism (3) to clamp the crack prefabricated rod (2) to enable the crack prefabricated rod to be located at the central axis position, and then placing the core mold (1) in a limiting frame (300) of the crack clamping mechanism (3) in a matched mode;
s23, filling the prepared base materials into a core mould (1) in batches, installing a pressure head (4) at the top of the core mould (1) after each filling, pressurizing for a period of time by using a press machine, taking down a filling base (5) after each pressurizing, and inserting a cushion block (52) into a grading channel (51) at a higher-level position in a matching manner;
s30, pressing die
S31, taking down the fracture clamping mechanism (3) and the filling base (5), and placing the core mould (1) on the die pressing base (6);
s32, installing a pressure head (4) on the top of the core die (1) and pressurizing for 1-1.5 hours by using a press machine until a rock sample is pressed and formed;
s40, demolding
S41, clamping the crack prefabricated rod (2) extending out of the bottom of the core mold (1) through a crack clamping mechanism (3) and taking down the crack prefabricated rod (2);
s42, placing the core mould (1) on a demoulding pressure bearing table (7), installing a pressure head (4) on the top of the core mould (1), and pressurizing by using a press machine until a rock sample is released from the core mould (1) and falls onto a buffer mechanism (70);
s50, grinding
And (4) polishing off the part of the upper part of the rock sample without penetrating the crack by using a grinding wheel polisher so as to completely penetrate the crack channel.
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