CN114425590A - Forging method of short sleeve with flange - Google Patents
Forging method of short sleeve with flange Download PDFInfo
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- CN114425590A CN114425590A CN202210124571.0A CN202210124571A CN114425590A CN 114425590 A CN114425590 A CN 114425590A CN 202210124571 A CN202210124571 A CN 202210124571A CN 114425590 A CN114425590 A CN 114425590A
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- blank
- forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/10—Piercing billets
Abstract
The invention relates to a forging method of a short sleeve with a flange, which comprises the following steps: s1: preparing a blank; s2: heating the blank; s3: forging for the first time; s4: forging for the second time, upsetting the whole blank firstly and then drawing out; s5: forging for the third time, and partially upsetting the blank; s6: fourth fire forging, and punching the blank; s7: and fifthly, forging at a fire time, carrying out mandrel drawing on the blank at the barrel body part, and finishing the excircle and the end face of the flange part to obtain a finished product of the forge piece. The method of the invention is adopted for forging, and a large amount of process residual blocks are not required to be additionally added, thereby greatly reducing the weight of the blank and saving the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forging, in particular to a forging method of a short sleeve with a flange.
Background
For a short sleeve with a flange (as shown in fig. 1), a finished product forging 1 consists of a flange part 11 and a barrel part 12, and correspondingly, a blank 2 consists of a flange part blank 21 and a barrel part blank 22 (as shown in fig. 2); due to the restriction of the relative feeding amount during drawing, if the length of the barrel part 12 is too short, and the mandrel is drawn and divided, the length of the barrel part blank 22 is very small after being inversely divided according to the volume invariance principle (as shown in fig. 2, when the mandrel 5 is used for mandrel drawing, the contact areas of the upper anvil 3, the lower anvil 4 and the barrel part blank 22 are too small), so that the drawing and dividing targets cannot be realized. In the past, the forging is generally processed by adding process residual blocks to ensure the material distribution length, or is directly forged into a cylindrical forging with the same section as the flange. Both of these methods result in a significant increase in the weight of the forging, increasing production costs. Therefore, for the forging of the type, a new forging method needs to be found, so that the weight of the forging is reduced, and resources are saved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a forging method of a short sleeve with a flange, which does not need to additionally increase a large number of process residual blocks, thereby greatly reducing the weight of a blank and saving the production cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a forging method of a short sleeve with a flange comprises a finished product forging divided into a flange part and a sleeve body part, and the forging process comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a blank, wherein the blank adopts a steel ingot or a continuous casting blank;
s2: heating the blank according to a heating process curve;
s3: forging for the first time; when the blank adopts a steel ingot, forging a riser of the steel ingot into a jaw for clamping by a forging operation vehicle, cutting off the tail of the ingot, and then returning to a furnace for heating; if the blank adopts a continuous casting billet, the step is omitted;
s4: forging for the second time; integrally upsetting the blank subjected to the step S3, and then drawing the blank into a cylindrical blank, wherein the diameter of the outer circle of the cylindrical blank is 25-35 mm smaller than that of the inner hole of the bushing for integrally upsetting; blanking is finished by adopting the blank of the continuous casting billet, and the blanking is finished by adopting the blank of the steel ingot after additionally cutting off the jaw part; returning the blanked blank to the furnace for heating;
s5: forging for the third time; vertically placing the blanked blank into a drain pan for local upsetting, locally upsetting the blank into a T-shaped blank, ensuring that the size of the blank outside the drain pan for local upsetting meets the processing requirement of a flange part of a forge piece, and ensuring that the size of the blank in the drain pan for local upsetting meets the processing requirement of a barrel part of the forge piece;
s6: forging for the fourth time; punching the blank after local upsetting, wherein the diameter of the punched hole is larger than that of a mandrel used for subsequent mandrel drawing;
s7: forging for the fifth time; and (3) carrying out mandrel drawing on the blank at the cylinder body part, finishing the excircle and the end face of the flange part after the excircle and the length of the cylinder body part meet the size requirement of the finished product of the forge piece, and obtaining the finished product of the forge piece.
As shown in fig. 3, in step S2, the heating process curve is: heating the blank to 340-360 ℃, preserving heat for 4.5-5.5 h, heating to 740-760 ℃ at a heating rate of 48-52 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4.5-5.5 h, heating to 1230-1250 ℃ at a heating rate of 96-98 ℃/h, preserving heat for more than 6h, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
In the step S6, the diameter of the punched hole is 20-50 mm larger than that of the mandrel.
In the step S7, the diameter of the mandrel is equal to the diameter of the finished forged piece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the flange part and the barrel body part are respectively upset by utilizing a local upsetting method, the diameter of the blank is reduced and the length is increased when the barrel body part is drawn, so that the operation of drawing the mandrel is greatly simplified, a large amount of process residual blocks are not required to be additionally added, the weight of the blank is greatly reduced, and the production cost is saved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a dimensional diagram of each part of a flanged short sleeve (finished forged piece) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the separation of a flange portion and a barrel portion in the case of forging by a conventional method.
Figure 3 is a graph of a heating process according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the pinch-off and tail-cutting of a first hot ingot.
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of ingot upsetting, elongation and cutting jaw blanking.
Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of a blank undergoing partial upset forging.
FIG. 7 is a partial dimensional view of a blank after partial upsetting in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a blank being punched.
Fig. 9 is a schematic illustration of mandrel drawing of a blank.
In the figure: 1. finished product forging 11, flange part 12, cylinder part 2, blank 21, flange part blank 22, cylinder part blank 3, upper anvil 4, lower anvil 5, mandrel 6, steel ingot 7, integral crude bushing plate 8, rotary table 9, punch 10, local crude bushing plate
Detailed Description
The following further describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the invention relates to a forging method of a short sleeve with a flange, wherein a finished product forging is divided into a flange part and a sleeve body part, and the forging process comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a blank, wherein the blank adopts a steel ingot or a continuous casting blank;
s2: heating the blank according to a heating process curve;
s3: forging for the first time; when the blank adopts a steel ingot, forging a riser of the steel ingot into a jaw for clamping by a forging operation vehicle, cutting off the tail of the ingot, and then returning to a furnace for heating; if the blank adopts a continuous casting billet, the step is omitted;
s4: forging for the second time; integrally upsetting the blank subjected to the step S3, and then drawing the blank into a cylindrical blank, wherein the diameter of the outer circle of the cylindrical blank is 25-35 mm smaller than that of the inner hole of the bushing for integrally upsetting; blanking is finished by adopting the blank of the continuous casting billet, and the blanking is finished by adopting the blank of the steel ingot after additionally cutting off the jaw part; returning the blanked blank to the furnace for heating;
s5: forging for the third time; vertically placing the blanked blank into a drain pan for local upsetting, locally upsetting the blank into a T-shaped blank, ensuring that the size of the blank outside the drain pan for local upsetting meets the processing requirement of a flange part of a forge piece, and ensuring that the size of the blank in the drain pan for local upsetting meets the processing requirement of a barrel part of the forge piece;
s6: forging for the fourth time; punching the blank after local upsetting, wherein the diameter of the punched hole is larger than that of a mandrel used for subsequent mandrel drawing;
s7: forging at the fifth fire time; and (3) carrying out mandrel drawing on the blank at the cylinder body part, finishing the excircle and the end face of the flange part after the excircle and the length of the cylinder body part meet the size requirement of the finished product of the forge piece, and obtaining the finished product of the forge piece.
In step S2, the heating process curve is: heating the blank to 340-360 ℃, preserving heat for 4.5-5.5 h, heating to 740-760 ℃ at a heating rate of 48-52 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4.5-5.5 h, heating to 1230-1250 ℃ at a heating rate of 96-98 ℃/h, preserving heat for more than 6h, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
In the step S6, the diameter of the punched hole is 20-50 mm larger than that of the mandrel.
In the step S7, the diameter of the mandrel is equal to the diameter of the finished forged piece.
The short sleeve with the flange can define the application range according to the following principle: the weight of the blank needed by the barrel part is less than that of the blank corresponding to the flange part (the length is 1/4 the diameter of the flange part, and the diameter is the diameter of the flange part). The utilization rate of the final blank is about 90 percent of the weight of the effective usable part of the blank.
The following examples are carried out on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation processes are given, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the following examples.
[ examples ] A method for producing a compound
In the embodiment, the size of the finished forging with the flange short sleeve is shown in fig. 1, the blank is a steel ingot, the material is 42CrMo, and the weight of the finished forging is 2075 kg.
If the traditional method is adopted for forging, the outer circle diameter is 1060mm during material distribution and the inner hole diameter is 250mm according to the reverse calculation of the weight 805kg of the blank at the barrel part, the length of the blank at the barrel part is only 125mm, and the forging requirement cannot be met. According to the conventional method, the length is increased to 220mm, the weight of the blank of the cylinder part is increased to 1440kg, namely the weight of the process residual block reaches 635kg, which is 80% of the weight of the blank of the required cylinder part and accounts for about 30% of the total weight of the forging piece, so that the material is wasted, and the production cost is greatly increased.
According to the method of the invention, if a continuous casting round billet or a steel ingot with an ingot body proportion of more than 80% is selected for forging, the utilization rate of the billet can reach more than 90%, namely the weight of the process residual block only accounts for about 10% of the weight of the forging.
In the embodiment, a steel ingot with an ingot body proportion of 83% is selected as a blank, and the design principle and the specific process of the forging procedure are as follows:
firstly, the steel ingot is heated according to the heating process curve of figure 3, so that the structure in the steel is completely austenitized, the deformation resistance is greatly reduced, the plasticity is improved, and the requirement of subsequent forging is met. In this embodiment, T1 is 350 ℃, T1 is 5h, T2 is 750 ℃, T1 is 5h, T3 is 1240 ℃, and T3 is 6 h; the heating time from T1 to T2 was 8h, and the heating time from T2 to T3 was 5 h.
And secondly, forging for the first heating time. As shown in fig. 4, the riser of the steel ingot 6 is pressed into a shape suitable for being gripped by an operating machine; the ingot tail of the steel ingot 6 is cut off, and the material with poor quality of the ingot tail is prevented from being left on the forging. And returning the steel ingot to the heating furnace after the operation is finished, wherein the heating time meets the requirement of the next hot large-deformation upsetting process, the heat preservation temperature is 1220-1280 ℃, and the heat preservation time is more than 1 hour.
And thirdly, forging for the second fire time. As shown in fig. 5, the riser of the ingot is placed in a bushing 7 for upsetting the whole , upset the whole by an upper anvil 3, and then drawn out in order to eliminate various casting defects generated during ingot casting by a large forging deformation, and the jaw portion is removed (i.e., blanking is completed) after the casting defects are eliminated in preparation for upset and punching of the next heat. And after the blanking is finished, returning the steel ingot to a heating furnace for heating, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 1220-1280 ℃, and the heat preservation time is more than 1 hour.
And fourthly, performing third-time forging. As shown in fig. 6, the blank 2 which is completed to be blanked and reheated is placed on a rotary table 8, a leakage disc 10 for local upsetting is sleeved on the lower part of the blank to carry out local upsetting, and the diameter of the blank at the flange part after upsetting is 40mm larger than that of the flange part of the finished forging (as shown in fig. 7) so as to obtain an excircle with a regular shape finally through a trimming process. The diameter of the blank at the barrel body part is only 700mm, so that the subsequent mandrel drawing is convenient to carry out, the drawing workload is reduced, and the end face of the blank at the flange part after being locally thick is very flat. After the local rough forging is finished, if the blank temperature is not enough for the next hot forging, returning the steel ingot to the heating furnace for reheating, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 1220-1280 ℃, and the heat preservation time is more than 1 hour; if the temperature of the blank allows the next forging, the fifth operation is directly carried out.
And fifthly, forging for the fourth time. As shown in fig. 8, the billet 2 is placed on a rotary table 8, a punch 9 is placed at the center of the billet 2, and the punch 9 is pressed into the billet 2 by a hydraulic press to perform punching. The diameter of the punch 9 is selected to be 30mm larger than the outer diameter of the mandrel 5 used in the subsequent mandrel drawing process to ensure that the mandrel can pass through smoothly.
And sixthly, forging for the fifth time. As shown in fig. 9, mandrel drawing is performed on the punched blank in the following sequence: the end (right end in the figure) of the blank of the barrel part is drawn out first, and then the blank is drawn out from right to left. The purpose of drawing the right end first is to prevent the end from cracking due to the temperature drop and plasticity reduction of the blank, and the purpose of drawing the right end left is to prevent the blank 2 from locking the mandrel 5 to cause the blank and the mandrel to be difficult to separate. And after the barrel body part is drawn out, circumferentially trimming and flattening the end face of the blank at the flange part to finally obtain a finished product of the forge piece.
In the embodiment, the flange part is roughly formed by local upsetting in the final forming stage, and then the barrel body part is drawn to the size of a finished product forging by adopting a mandrel drawing method after the blank is punched. Because the flange part is manufactured by adopting a local upsetting method, the diameter and the length of the part which needs to be drawn out are both very suitable for drawing out operation when the subsequent mandrel is drawn out. Compared with the conventional forging method, a large amount of process residual blocks can be saved, and the blank weight is reduced. Meanwhile, the shape of the flange is more regular by locally upsetting the flange part, the forging allowance is effectively reduced, the operation difficulty of mandrel drawing is reduced, the forging success rate is improved, and the surface quality and the size control precision of the final finished product forging are higher than those of the conventional integral upsetting forming.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The forging method of the short sleeve with the flange is characterized in that a finished product forge piece is divided into a flange part and a sleeve body part, and the forging process comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing a blank, wherein the blank adopts a steel ingot or a continuous casting blank;
s2: heating the blank according to a heating process curve;
s3: forging for the first time; when the blank adopts a steel ingot, forging a riser of the steel ingot into a jaw for clamping by a forging operation vehicle, cutting off the tail of the ingot, and then returning to a furnace for heating; if the blank adopts a continuous casting billet, the step is omitted;
s4: forging for the second time; integrally upsetting the blank subjected to the step S3, and then drawing the blank into a cylindrical blank, wherein the diameter of the outer circle of the cylindrical blank is 25-35 mm smaller than that of the inner hole of the leakage tray for integrally upsetting; blanking is finished by adopting the blank of the continuous casting billet, and the blanking is finished by adopting the blank of the steel ingot after additionally cutting off the jaw part; returning the blanked blank to the furnace for heating;
s5: forging for the third time; vertically placing the blanked blank into a drain pan for local upsetting, locally upsetting the blank into a T-shaped blank, ensuring that the size of the blank outside the drain pan for local upsetting meets the processing requirement of a flange part of a forge piece, and ensuring that the size of the blank in the drain pan for local upsetting meets the processing requirement of a barrel part of the forge piece;
s6: forging for the fourth time; punching the blank after local upsetting, wherein the diameter of the punched hole is larger than that of a mandrel used for subsequent mandrel drawing;
s7: forging for the fifth time; and (3) carrying out mandrel drawing on the blank at the cylinder body part, finishing the excircle and the end face of the flange part after the excircle and the length of the cylinder body part meet the size requirement of the finished product of the forge piece, and obtaining the finished product of the forge piece.
2. The method for forging a flanged short sleeve according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the heating process curve is: heating the blank to 340-360 ℃, preserving heat for 4.5-5.5 h, heating to 740-760 ℃ at a heating rate of 48-52 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4.5-5.5 h, heating to 1230-1250 ℃ at a heating rate of 96-98 ℃/h, preserving heat for more than 6h, and naturally cooling to room temperature.
3. The forging method of a flanged short sleeve according to claim 1, wherein in step S6, the diameter of the punched hole is 20-50 mm larger than the diameter of the mandrel.
4. The method for forging the flanged short sleeve according to the claim 1, wherein in the step S7, the diameter of the mandrel is equal to the diameter of the forged piece.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210124571.0A CN114425590A (en) | 2022-02-10 | 2022-02-10 | Forging method of short sleeve with flange |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210124571.0A CN114425590A (en) | 2022-02-10 | 2022-02-10 | Forging method of short sleeve with flange |
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| CN114425590A true CN114425590A (en) | 2022-05-03 |
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| CN202210124571.0A Pending CN114425590A (en) | 2022-02-10 | 2022-02-10 | Forging method of short sleeve with flange |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115815500A (en) * | 2022-12-28 | 2023-03-21 | 重庆新承航锐科技股份有限公司 | Free forging method of I-shaped short shaft forging |
| CN117020085A (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-11-10 | 振宏重工(江苏)股份有限公司 | Hot forging forming and tempering heat treatment process for large wind power main shaft forging |
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| CN117020085A (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-11-10 | 振宏重工(江苏)股份有限公司 | Hot forging forming and tempering heat treatment process for large wind power main shaft forging |
| CN117020085B (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2024-04-02 | 振宏重工(江苏)股份有限公司 | Hot forging forming and tempering heat treatment process for large wind power main shaft forging |
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