CN102357626A - Method for forging and pressing semi-coupler with large section and high height-diameter ratio by using 31.5 MN of oil press - Google Patents
Method for forging and pressing semi-coupler with large section and high height-diameter ratio by using 31.5 MN of oil press Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for forging and pressing a semi-coupler with a large section and a high height-diameter ratio by using a 31.5 MN of oil press. A forging process route comprises the following steps of: upsetting; drawing; locally upsetting and forming by using a drain cap which is 1640 mm in outside diameter phi, 1100 mm in inside diameter phi and 310 mm in thickness; and thermally treating after forging: after forging a forged piece and air-cooling the forged piece till the surface temperature is 350+/-10 DEG C, putting the forged piece in a thermal treatment furnace, controlling the temperature of the treatment furnace at 450-500 DEG C, after keeping the temperature for 3 h, cooling to 280+/-20 DEG C with the furnace and keeping the temperature for 6 h, carrying out first super-cooling treatment, then raising the temperature to 650+/-10 DEG C and keeping the temperature for 6 h, then raising the temperature again to 890+/-10 DEG C, keeping the temperature and carrying out austenitizing treatment, lifting off a trolley, air-cooling through a fan, carrying out normalization treatment, air-cooling the forged piece till the surface temperature is 350+/-10 DEG C and putting the forged piece in the furnace, cooling the furnace to 260+/-20 DEG C and keeping the temperature for 7 h, carrying out second super-cooling treatment, raising the temperature to 650+/-10 DEG C and keeping the temperature for 40 h, tempering, carrying out diffusion hydrogen and white point resistant treatment, cooling the forged piece with the furnace till the temperature is less than or equal to 250 DEG C, and taking out the forged piece from the furnace. The method disclosed by the invention is simple in process, fewer in heating frequency and lower in energy consumption. The quality of the forged piece can be obviously ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of forging method of half a coupler forging.Belong to the metal forging technical field.
Background technology
One, product technology requirement
1, half a coupler is 8, and material is 34CrNi3Mo, and the forging specification is seen Fig. 1.The JB/T7026-93 standard is pressed in ultrasonic examination.
2, this half a coupler maximum cross-section reaches Φ 1505mm, highly reaches 1050mm, and the center had not both had through hole not have blind hole yet, is an out and out iron lump.When forging and pressing with middle-size and small-size press, no matter still produce with the forging mode of pulling with jumping-up, because the energy of press is absorbed by the top layer flow of metal soon, energy is difficult to be transmitted to the centre of forging, is difficult to the centre compacting.The center distortion is insufficient, just forms as-cast structures such as dendrite easily, and nonmetal inclusion and alloying element are separated out along the crystal boundary of dendrite easily, make crystal boundary plasticity variation, when taking the gathering stock spreading, very easily produce lamellar tearing property defective.The 34CrNi3Mo material is the stronger martensite steel of susceptibility of flake formation, in stress and metal, under the hydrionic comprehensive function, very easily produces intensive ultrasonic flaw detections such as white point, hydrogen brittleness crackle, and the production difficulty is bigger.
Forging equipment is the 31.5MN hydraulic press; Owing to receive equipment to forge the restriction of ability; The cross section surpasses the forged shaft of φ 1200mm and diameter surpasses φ 1300 and ratio of height to diameter surpasses 0.6 disk forge piece; Adopt usual manner to forge and produce, ultrasonic flaw detection qualification rate is lower, and this is to forge a more thorny technical difficult problem in the production always.How to produce the heavy forging that qualified heavy in section high-tech requires with existing equipment, be the together high threshold of pendulum in face of us, is the technical barrier that we need capture.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, provide that a kind of technology is simple, fire time less, energy consumption is lower, forging quality can the obvious guaranteed method that forges and presses heavy in section larger ratio of height to diameter half a coupler forging with the 31.5MN hydraulic press.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this: a kind of with 31.5MN hydraulic press forging and pressing heavy in section larger ratio of height to diameter half a coupler method, said method comprises following technical process:
Steel ingot adopts the 34CrNi3Mo steel, and the steel ingot ingot shape is elected 16t (ton) as, adopts EF+LF+VD technology, i.e. electric furnace+external refining+vacuum processing technique.A steel ingot is produced a product.Steel ingot is incubated, takes the red mode of sending to send to forge plant with heat-preserving container.Said steel ingot is red send be meant the ingot steel casting demoulding after, when taking that necessarily the forge plant shove charge is delivered in the insulation measure, surface temperature is not less than 650 ℃ process.
Steel ingot is red delivers to shove charge in time behind the workshop, is heated to the forging of coming out of the stove behind 1250 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 3 ~ 10h, and forging temperature is 1250 ~ 850 ℃.
Forging Technology is changed into the big end of product the bottom end of steel ingot.
The Forging Technology route is: jumping-up → pulling → be shaped with the drain cap gathering stock of external diameter Φ 1640mm * internal diameter Φ 1100mm * thickness 310mm.
Forge after-baking: advance heat-treatment furnace during 350 ± 10 ℃ of air cooling to surface temperatures behind the forging, handle furnace temperature and be controlled at 450 ~ 500 ℃, be incubated after 3 hours and be chilled to 280 ± 20 ℃ of insulation 6h, carry out the mistake cold treatment first time with stove.Be warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 6h subsequently, be warming up to 890 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 10h once more and carry out the austenitizing processing.Hang down chassis, air-cooled with air blast, carry out normalization and handle.Air-cooledly advance stove for 350 ℃ ± 10 ℃ to surface temperature, stove is chilled to 260 ± 20 ℃ of insulation 7h, and to carry out the second time cold excessively.Be warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 40h and carry out tempering and expand the anti-white point of hydrogen and handle, with stove be chilled to≤250 ℃ come out of the stove.
Heat treatment takes secondary cold excessively, and for the first time cold excessively is 280 ℃ of insulation 6h; Mistake is cold for the second time carries out after normalizing is accomplished, and supercooling temperature is 260 ℃ of insulation 7h.
Twice cold excessively purpose is that retained austenite can help the diffusion of hydrogen and the refinement of crystal grain more fully to bainite transformation in the metal in order to make.
During normalizing, forging hangs the leave from office blower for vehicle and carries out air-cooledly, strengthens cooling rate, and purpose is to be master's metallic matrix tissue in order to form with sorbite and bainite, and crystal grain thinning is for subsequent heat treatment is laid basic preferably.During tempering, the insulation of 650 ℃ of long periods, purpose mainly is to handle the generation of prevention white point in order to expand hydrogen except for eliminating the normalizing stress.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The inventive method technology is simple, and fire lacks, and energy consumption is lower, and forging quality can obviously be guaranteed.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the half a coupler forging drawing that the present invention relates to.
Fig. 2 is scheme one artwork that in the past adopts.
Fig. 3 is scheme two artworks that in the past adopt.
Fig. 4 is that 2 second the product UT of scheme that in the past adopt detect the defect distribution sketch map.
Scheme three artworks that Fig. 5 adopts for the present invention.
Fig. 6 forges the after-baking artwork for the scheme three that the present invention adopts.
The specific embodiment
1, former Forging Technology (scheme one)
1.1, the forging method of producing this series products in the past is to take two to upset and two pull out formula, process route is: jumping-up → pulling → jumping-up → pulling → gathering stock moulding more again, see Fig. 2.This method not only complex process, fire is time many, energy consumption is big, production cost is high, and practical production experience proves with experimental data, the technology that employing two rammers two are pulled out, forging quality can not obviously be guaranteed.
1.2, forging ratio is bigger outwardly for this forging mode, for example, each jumping-up forging ratio=2, then the total forging ratio behind the secondary jumping-up is 2+2=4.But in the actual production, because the restriction that press is forged tonnage, whole jumping-up can not put in place; Lean on narrow anvil revolution spreading completion jumping-up subsequently to put in place, the contact-making surface of anvil face and forging is less, and the forging centre is not to be in the three-dimensional compressive stress state; Plastic deformation is insufficient, forms arborescent structure easily.Perhaps form lamellar tearing property defective because of RST effect (Rigid Slid Tearing Effect-rigidity is slided and torn effect-" heavy casting and forging " 1991-4).For this reason, we have done to improve for the first time to former Forging Technology.
2, improve (scheme two) first time of Forging Technology
2.1 through technological demonstration, we have done to improve for the first time to above-mentioned Forging Technology, this process using 32t (ton) steel ingot is even forged for two, and directly the jumping-up pulling is shaped, and sees Fig. 3.Compare with former process, this method technology is simple, fire is inferior less, energy consumption is lower, reduced production cost.
2.2 use this technology, dropped into a steel ingot earlier, produced two products (connect and forge).
2.3 ultrasonic examination is found; In second product near T (rising head) end; Small end has the close defect that exceeds standard that is semicircle shape to exist in the Φ 150～Φ 200mm scope of center, has annular intensive excessive defect in the about 2/3R of big end place, the degree of depth 200～400mm scope, sees Fig. 4.
First article near B (bottom) end is qualified.
3, this time the thinking of process modification is, when two companies forge, selects bigger steel ingot for use, in order to increase forging ratio.Illustrate as in 1.1, analyzing, the increase of this forging ratio is false picture, and effect is undesirable equally.
3.1 to the problem that (scheme two) after the process modification for the first time exists, we have done again to improve further to Forging Technology, promptly carry out by scheme three.
3.2 the Forging Technology of scheme three is: steel ingot is big more, and the possibility that inner as-cast structure defective and nonmetal inclusion exist is also big more, and forging equipment needed thereby ability is also big more.Obviously, under the situation that can't change the forging equipment ability, select less steel ingot ingot shape highly beneficial to forging quality.Just in view of this consideration, when we improve for the second time, selected following Forging Technology-scheme three.
The steel ingot ingot shape is elected 16t (ton) as, adopts EF+LF+VD (electric furnace+external refining+application of vacuum) technology, and purpose is to improve the degree of purity of steel ingot, reduces H, N, O gas content in the metal material.A steel ingot is produced a product.
Redly send steel ingot shove charge in time behind the workshop, suitably improve heating-up temperature and initial forging temperature, the forging of coming out of the stove behind 1250 ± 10 ℃ of insulations of heating-up temperature, 3 ~ 10h, 1250 ℃ of initial forging temperatures.(annotating: 1230 ± 10 ℃ of former heating-up temperatures, 1230 ℃ of initial forging temperatures)
(annotate: red send steel ingot to be meant the cast demoulding after, when taking that necessarily the forge plant shove charge is delivered in the insulation measure, surface temperature is not less than 650 ℃ steel ingot).Be superior to the situation that T (rising head) holds according to steel ingot B (bottom) end quality simultaneously, the big end of product changed into the bottom end (big usually end is to be placed on the rising head end) of steel ingot.
Amended Forging Technology route is: jumping-up → pulling → with the drain cap gathering stock shaping of external diameter Φ 1640mm/ internal diameter Φ 1100mm * thickness 310mm, see Fig. 5.
3.3 forging after-baking
Because the 34CrNi3Mo steel is that susceptibility of flake formation is stronger, produce the bigger steel grades of ultrasonic examination intensive defective tendentiousness such as white point, hydrogen brittleness crackle, must adopt suitable forging after-baking technology after the forging, otherwise maybe all that has been achieved is spoiled.This batch product adopt secondary cold excessively+expand the normalizing and tempering Technology for Heating Processing of hydrogen, see Fig. 6.Concrete Technology for Heating Processing is following:
Forge after-baking: advance heat-treatment furnace during 350 ± 10 ℃ of air cooling to surface temperatures behind the forging, handle furnace temperature and be controlled at 450 ~ 500 ℃, be incubated after 3 hours and be chilled to 280 ± 20 ℃ of insulation 6h, carry out the mistake cold treatment first time with stove.Be warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 6h subsequently, be warming up to 890 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 10h once more and carry out the austenitizing processing.Hang down chassis, air-cooled with air blast, carry out normalization and handle.Air-cooledly advance stove for 350 ℃ ± 10 ℃ to surface temperature, stove is chilled to 260 ± 20 ℃ of insulation 7h, and to carry out the second time cold excessively.Be warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 40h and carry out tempering and expand the anti-white point of hydrogen and handle, with stove be chilled to≤250 ℃ come out of the stove.
4, effect:
4.1 6 products have been produced in the Forging Technology guidance with scheme three, have all obtained comparatively satisfied effect, ultrasonic examination meets the regulation of JB/T7026-93 standard fully after the roughing.
To ultrasonic examination underproof 1, we have done to do over again and have reheated forging, also succeed.
5.2 the secondary through this Forging Technology improves and optimization, simultaneously doing over again of defectiveness product is forged successfully, sums up the improvement of steel ingot as-cast structure defective and forges three conditions of closing:
1), stress state, the internal flaw of steel ingot only could effectively be forged under mecystasis, three-dimensional compressive stress situation and closed;
2), deflection, the defective of certain equivalent diameter is forged close to have corresponding deflection;
3), scientific and reasonable forging after-baking system is that internal flaw is forged the assurance that merging does not produce once more again.The existence of defective is often assembled relevant with gas, field trash.Even at three-dimensional compressive stress and have certain deflection, defective to forge under the situation of closing; If do not perform the forging after-baking; Do not have the rational heat treatment system to guarantee, do not have the cooperation through recrystallization and diffusion, defective also might produce in cooling or ag(e)ing process once more.
For the second time improve Forging Technology and make the once qualified successful utilization of production, accelerated production procedure, practiced thrift production cost.
Claims (1)
1. one kind with 31.5MN hydraulic press forging and pressing heavy in section larger ratio of height to diameter half a coupler method, and it is characterized in that: said method comprises following technical process:
Steel ingot adopts the 34CrNi3Mo steel, and the steel ingot ingot shape is elected 16 tons as, adopts EF+LF+VD technology; It is electric furnace+external refining+vacuum processing technique; Steel ingot is produced a product, and steel ingot is incubated, takes the red mode of sending to send to forge plant with heat-preserving container, said steel ingot is red send be meant the ingot steel casting demoulding after; When taking that necessarily the forge plant shove charge is delivered in the insulation measure, surface temperature is not less than 650 ℃ process;
Steel ingot is red delivers to shove charge in time behind the workshop, is heated to the forging of coming out of the stove behind 1250 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 3 ~ 10h, and forging temperature is 1250 ~ 850 ℃;
Forging Technology is changed into the big end of product the bottom end of steel ingot;
The Forging Technology route is: jumping-up → pulling → be shaped with the drain cap gathering stock of external diameter Φ 1640mm * internal diameter Φ 1100mm * thickness 310mm;
Forge after-baking: advance heat-treatment furnace during 350 ± 10 ℃ of air cooling to surface temperatures behind the forging, handle furnace temperature and be controlled at 450 ~ 500 ℃, be incubated and be chilled to 280 ± 20 ℃ with stove after 3 hours and be incubated 6h; Carry out crossing cold treatment the first time, be warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 6h subsequently, be warming up to 890 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 10h once more and carry out the austenitizing processing; Hang down chassis, air-cooled with air blast, carry out normalization and handle; Air-cooledly advance stove for 350 ℃ ± 10 ℃ to surface temperature; Stove is chilled to 260 ± 20 ℃ of insulation 7h, and to carry out second time cold excessively, be warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 40h and carry out tempering and expand the anti-white point processing of hydrogen, with stove be chilled to≤250 ℃ come out of the stove.
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| CN103056261A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-04-24 | 重庆水轮机厂有限责任公司 | Shear and tenon resisting die forging method of light rail and simply supported beam |
| CN103409699A (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2013-11-27 | 陕西华威锻压有限公司 | Steel forging with ultra-high strength and ultra-high low-temperature impact on box body of fracturing pump valve and manufacturing method of steel forging |
| CN104801642A (en) * | 2015-01-31 | 2015-07-29 | 江苏金源锻造股份有限公司 | Forging technique of gear coupling |
| CN106222525A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-12-14 | 四川六合锻造股份有限公司 | A kind of method reducing 34CrNi3Mo susceptibility of flake formation |
| CN107511641A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-26 | 宁波吉威熔模铸造有限公司 | A kind of manufacture craft of shaft coupling |
| CN109706388A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-05-03 | 武汉重工铸锻有限责任公司 | The method for making large hydraulic press hammer heart forging with 32Mn1 steel forging |
| CN111451425A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-07-28 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Forging method for controlling white point defect |
| CN113714441A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-30 | 常州市胜彪标准件模具有限公司 | Processing method of coupler |
| CN114425590A (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2022-05-03 | 鞍钢重型机械有限责任公司 | Forging method of short sleeve with flange |
| CN114703348A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-07-05 | 通裕重工股份有限公司 | Post-forging heat treatment process for improving ultrasonic flaw detection quality of super-large-section forge piece |
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| CN113714441A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-30 | 常州市胜彪标准件模具有限公司 | Processing method of coupler |
| CN114703348A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-07-05 | 通裕重工股份有限公司 | Post-forging heat treatment process for improving ultrasonic flaw detection quality of super-large-section forge piece |
| CN114425590A (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2022-05-03 | 鞍钢重型机械有限责任公司 | Forging method of short sleeve with flange |
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Address after: 214421 No. 6, Xuxiang, Shuxin village, Longsha industrial concentration zone, Huashi Town, Jiangyin City, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Zhenhong heavy industry (Jiangsu) Co.,Ltd. Address before: 214421 No. 6, Xuxiang, Shuxin village, Longsha industrial concentration zone, Huashi Town, Jiangyin City, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: JIANGYIN ZENKUNG FORGING Co.,Ltd. |