CN102357626B - Method for forging and pressing semi-coupler with large section and high height-diameter ratio by using 31.5 MN of oil press - Google Patents
Method for forging and pressing semi-coupler with large section and high height-diameter ratio by using 31.5 MN of oil press Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for forging and pressing a semi-coupler with a large section and a high height-diameter ratio by using a 31.5 MN of oil press. A forging process route comprises the following steps of: upsetting; drawing; locally upsetting and forming by using a drain cap which is 1640 mm in outside diameter phi, 1100 mm in inside diameter phi and 310 mm in thickness; and thermally treating after forging: after forging a forged piece and air-cooling the forged piece till the surface temperature is 350+/-10 DEG C, putting the forged piece in a thermal treatment furnace, controlling the temperature of the treatment furnace at 450-500 DEG C, after keeping the temperature for 3 h, cooling to 280+/-20 DEG C with the furnace and keeping the temperature for 6 h, carrying out first super-cooling treatment, then raising the temperature to 650+/-10 DEG C and keeping the temperature for 6 h, then raising the temperature again to 890+/-10 DEG C, keeping the temperature and carrying out austenitizing treatment, lifting off a trolley, air-cooling through a fan, carrying out normalization treatment, air-cooling the forged piece till the surface temperature is 350+/-10 DEG C and putting the forged piece in the furnace, cooling the furnace to 260+/-20 DEG C and keeping the temperature for 7 h, carrying out second super-cooling treatment, raising the temperature to 650+/-10 DEG C and keeping the temperature for 40 h, tempering, carrying out diffusion hydrogen and white point resistant treatment, cooling the forged piece with the furnace till the temperature is less than or equal to 250 DEG C, and taking out the forged piece from the furnace. The method disclosed by the invention is simple in process, fewer in heating frequency and lower in energy consumption. The quality of the forged piece can be obviously ensured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of forging method of half a coupler forging.Belong to the metal forging technical field.
Background technology
One, product technology requirement
1, half a coupler is 8, and material is 34CrNi3Mo, and the forging specification is seen Fig. 1.The JB/T7026-93 standard is pressed in ultrasonic examination.
2, this half a coupler maximum cross-section reaches Φ 1505mm, highly reaches 1050mm, and the center had not both had through hole there is no blind hole yet, was an out and out iron lump.During with the forging and pressing of middle-size and small-size press, no matter still produce with the forging mode that pulls out with jumping-up, because the energy of press is absorbed by the top layer flow of metal soon, energy is difficult to be transmitted to the centre of forging, is difficult to the centre compacting.The center distortion is insufficient, just easily forms the as-cast structures such as dendrite, and nonmetal inclusion and alloying element are easily separated out along the crystal boundary of dendrite, make crystal boundary plasticity variation, very easily produce the lamellar tearing defective when taking the gathering stock spreading.The 34CrNi3Mo material is the stronger martensite steel of susceptibility of flake formation, under hydrionic comprehensive function, very easily produces the intensive ultrasonic flaw detections such as white point, hydrogen brittleness crackle in stress and metal, and production difficulty is larger.
Forging equipment is the 31.5MN hydraulic press, owing to being subjected to equipment to forge the restriction of ability, the cross section surpasses the forged shaft of φ 1200mm and diameter surpasses φ 1300 and ratio of height to diameter surpasses 0.6 disk forge piece, adopt the usual manner forging, ultrasonic flaw detection qualification rate is lower, and this is a technical difficult problem more thorny in forging always.How to produce with existing equipment the heavy forging that qualified heavy in section high-tech requires, be the together high threshold of pendulum in face of us, is the technical barrier that we need to capture.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, provide that a kind of technique is simple, fire time less, can the be obvious guaranteed method with 31.5MN hydraulic press forging and pressing heavies in section larger ratio of height to diameter half a coupler forging of lower, the forging quality of energy consumption.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of 31.5MN of using hydraulic press forges and presses heavy in section larger ratio of height to diameter half a coupler method, and described method comprises following technical process:
Steel ingot adopts the 34CrNi3Mo steel, and Ingot Type is elected the 16t(ton as), adopt EF+LF+VD technique, i.e. electric furnace+external refining+vacuum processing technique.A steel ingot is produced a product.Steel ingot is incubated, takes the red mode of sending to send to forge plant with heat-preserving container.Described steel ingot is red send refer to the ingot steel casting demoulding after, when taking certain Insulation to deliver to the forge plant shove charge, surface temperature is not less than the process of 650 ℃.
Steel ingot is red delivers in time shove charge behind the workshop, is heated to the forging of coming out of the stove after 1250 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 3 ~ 10h, and forging temperature is 1250 ~ 850 ℃.
Forging Technology is changed into the large end of product the bottom end of steel ingot.
The Forging Technology route is: the drain cap gathering stock of jumping-up → pulling → use external diameter Φ 1640mm * internal diameter Φ 1100mm * thickness 310mm is shaped.
Forge after-baking: advance heat-treatment furnace when after forging, air cooling is to 350 ± 10 ℃ of surface temperatures, process furnace temperature and be controlled at 450 ~ 500 ℃, be incubated after 3 hours and be chilled to 280 ± 20 ℃ of insulation 6h with stove, carried out mistake cold treatment for the first time.Be warming up to subsequently 650 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 6h, again be warming up to 890 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 10h and carry out the austenitizing processing.Hang lower chassis, air-cooled with air blast, carry out normalization and process.Air-cooledly advance stove to 350 ℃ ± 10 ℃ of surface temperatures, stove is chilled to 260 ± 20 ℃ of insulation 7h and carries out excessively cold for the second time.Be warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 40h and carry out tempering and expand the anti-white point of hydrogen and process, with stove be chilled to≤250 ℃ come out of the stove.
Heat treatment takes secondary excessively cold, and excessively cold for the first time is 280 ℃ of insulation 6h; Cross for the second time and coldly carry out after normalizing is completed, supercooling temperature is 260 ℃ of insulation 7h.
Twice excessively cold purpose is that in metal, the residual austenite physical efficiency more fully to bainite transformation, is conducive to the diffusion of hydrogen and the refinement of crystal grain in order to make.
During normalizing, forging hangs the leave from office blower for vehicle and carries out air-cooledly, strengthens cooling rate, and purpose is in order to form take sorbite and bainite as main metallic matrix tissue, and crystal grain thinning is for subsequent heat treatment is laid basic preferably.During tempering, the insulation of 650 ℃ of long periods, purpose except for eliminating normalizing stress, is mainly to process the generation of prevention white point in order to expand hydrogen.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The inventive method technique is simple, and fire is inferior few, and energy consumption is lower, and forging quality can obviously be guaranteed.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the half a coupler forging drawing that the present invention relates to.
Fig. 2 is scheme one artwork that in the past adopts.
Fig. 3 is scheme two artworks that in the past adopt.
Fig. 4 is that 2 second the product UT of scheme that in the past adopt detect the defect distribution schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is scheme three artworks that the present invention adopts.
Fig. 6 is that the scheme three that the present invention adopts is forged the after-baking artwork.
The specific embodiment
1, former Forging Technology (scheme one)
1.1, the forging method of producing in the past this series products is to take two upsettings two to pull out formula, process route is: jumping-up → pulling → jumping-up → pulling → gathering stock moulding more again, see Fig. 2.The method not only complex process, fire is time many, energy consumption is large, production cost is high, and practical production experience and experimental data prove, the technique that employing two upsettings two are pulled out, forging quality can not obviously be guaranteed.
1.2, forging ratio is larger outwardly for this forging mode, for example, each jumping-up forging ratio=2, the total forging ratio after the secondary jumping-up is 2+2=4.But in actual production, forged the restriction of tonnage due to press, whole jumping-up can not put in place, complete jumping-up by narrow anvil revolution spreading subsequently and put in place, the contact-making surface of anvil face and forging is less, and the forging centre is not to be in the three-dimensional compressive stress state, plastic deformation is insufficient, easily forms arborescent structure.Perhaps form the lamellar tearing defective because of RST effect (Rigid Slid Tearing Effect-rigidity is slided and torn effect-" heavy casting and forging " 1991-4).For this reason, we have done to improve for the first time to former Forging Technology.
2, the improvement for the first time of Forging Technology (scheme two)
2.1 through technological demonstration, we have done to improve for the first time to above-mentioned Forging Technology, this process using 32t(ton) steel ingot, even forge for two, directly the jumping-up pulling is shaped, and sees Fig. 3.Compare with former process, the method technique is simple, fire is inferior less, energy consumption is lower, reduced production cost.
2.2 use this technique, first dropped into a steel ingot, produced two products (connect and forge).
2.3 ultrasonic examination is found, near the T(rising head) in second product of end, small end has in the Φ 150～Φ 200mm scope of center the close defect that exceeds standard that is semicircle shape to exist, and holds greatly approximately in 2/3R place, the degree of depth 200～400mm scope and has annular intensive excessive defect, sees Fig. 4.
Close B(bottom) first article of end is qualified.
3, this time the thinking of process modification is when two companies forge, to select larger steel ingot, in order to increase forging ratio.Illustrate as analyzing in 1.2, the increase of this forging ratio is false picture, and effect is undesirable equally.
3.1 for the problem that (scheme two) after process modification for the first time exists, we have done again to improve further to Forging Technology, namely carry out by scheme three.
3.2 the Forging Technology of scheme three is: steel ingot is larger, the possibility that inner as-cast structure defective and nonmetal inclusion exist is also larger, and forging equipment needed thereby ability is also larger.Obviously, in the situation that can't change the forging equipment ability, select less Ingot Type highly beneficial to forging quality.Just in view of this consideration, when we improve for the second time, selected following Forging Technology-scheme three.
Ingot Type is elected the 16t(ton as), adopt EF+LF+VD(electric furnace+external refining+application of vacuum) technique, purpose is to improve the degree of purity of steel ingot, reduces H, N, O gas content in metal material.A steel ingot is produced a product.
Redly send steel ingot in time shove charge behind the workshop, suitably improve heating-up temperature and initial forging temperature, the forging of coming out of the stove after 1250 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 3 ~ 10h of heating-up temperature, 1250 ℃ of initial forging temperatures.(annotating: 1230 ± 10 ℃ of former heating-up temperatures, 1230 ℃ of initial forging temperatures)
(annotate: red send steel ingot to refer to pour into a mould the demoulding after, when taking certain Insulation to deliver to the forge plant shove charge, surface temperature is not less than the steel ingot of 650 ℃).Simultaneously according to steel ingot B(bottom) the end quality is better than the T(rising head) situation of end, the large end of product is changed into the bottom end (large end is to be placed on the rising head end usually) of steel ingot.
Amended Forging Technology route is: the drain cap gathering stock of jumping-up → pulling → use external diameter Φ 1640mm/ internal diameter Φ 1100mm * thickness 310mm is shaped, and sees Fig. 5.
3.3 forging after-baking
Because the 34CrNi3Mo steel is that susceptibility of flake formation is stronger, produce the larger steel grades of ultrasonic examination intensive defective tendentiousness such as white point, hydrogen brittleness crackle, must adopt suitable forging after-baking technique after forging, otherwise may all that has been achieved is spoiled.This batch product adopt secondary excessively cold+expand the normalizing and tempering Technology for Heating Processing of hydrogen, see Fig. 6.Concrete Technology for Heating Processing is as follows:
Forge after-baking: advance heat-treatment furnace when after forging, air cooling is to 350 ± 10 ℃ of surface temperatures, process furnace temperature and be controlled at 450 ~ 500 ℃, be incubated after 3 hours and be chilled to 280 ± 20 ℃ of insulation 6h with stove, carried out mistake cold treatment for the first time.Be warming up to subsequently 650 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 6h, again be warming up to 890 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 10h and carry out the austenitizing processing.Hang lower chassis, air-cooled with air blast, carry out normalization and process.Air-cooledly advance stove to 350 ℃ ± 10 ℃ of surface temperatures, stove is chilled to 260 ± 20 ℃ of insulation 7h and carries out excessively cold for the second time.Be warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 40h and carry out tempering and expand the anti-white point of hydrogen and process, with stove be chilled to≤250 ℃ come out of the stove.
4, effect:
4.1 6 products have been produced in the Forging Technology guidance with scheme three, have all obtained comparatively satisfied effect, after roughing, ultrasonic examination meets the regulation of JB/T7026-93 standard fully.
To ultrasonic examination underproof 1, we have done to do over again and have reheated forging, also succeed.
4.2 the secondary by this Forging Technology improves and optimizes, and simultaneously doing over again of defectiveness product is forged successfully, sums up steel ingot as-cast structure defective and improves and forge three conditions of closing:
1), stress state, the internal flaw of steel ingot only could effectively be forged in mecystasis, three-dimensional compressive stress situation and be closed;
2), deflection, the defective of certain equivalent diameter be forged close to have corresponding deflection;
3), scientific and reasonable forging after-baking system is that internal flaw is forged the assurance that merging does not regenerate again.The existence of defective is often assembled relevant with gas, field trash.Even in the situation that three-dimensional compressive stress and have certain deflection, defective to forge to close, if do not perform the forging after-baking, do not have rational heat treating regime to guarantee, through the cooperation of recrystallization and diffusion, defective also might not produce in cooling or ag(e)ing process again.
Improve for the second time Forging Technology and make once qualified successful utilization of production, accelerated production procedure, saved production cost.
Claims (1)
1. one kind is forged and pressed heavy in section larger ratio of height to diameter half a coupler method with the 31.5MN hydraulic press, and it is characterized in that: described method comprises following technical process:
Steel ingot adopts the 34CrNi3Mo steel, Ingot Type is elected 16 tons as, adopt EF+LF+VD technique, it is electric furnace+external refining+vacuum processing technique, steel ingot is produced a product, and steel ingot is incubated, takes the red mode of sending to send to forge plant with heat-preserving container, described steel ingot is red send refer to the ingot steel casting demoulding after, when taking certain Insulation to deliver to the forge plant shove charge, surface temperature is not less than the process of 650 ℃;
Steel ingot is red delivers in time shove charge behind the workshop, is heated to the forging of coming out of the stove after 1250 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 3 ~ 10h, and forging temperature is 1250 ~ 850 ℃;
Forging Technology is changed into the large end of product the bottom end of steel ingot;
The Forging Technology route is: the drain cap gathering stock of jumping-up → pulling → use external diameter Φ 1640mm * internal diameter Φ 1100mm * thickness 310mm is shaped;
forge after-baking: advance heat-treatment furnace when after forging, air cooling is to 350 ± 10 ℃ of surface temperatures, process furnace temperature and be controlled at 450 ~ 500 ℃, be incubated after 3 hours and be chilled to 280 ± 20 ℃ of insulation 6h with stove, carry out crossing for the first time cold treatment, be warming up to subsequently 650 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 6h, again be warming up to 890 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 10h and carry out the austenitizing processing, hang lower chassis, air-cooled with air blast, carrying out normalization processes, air-cooledly advance stove to 350 ℃ ± 10 ℃ of surface temperatures, stove is chilled to 260 ± 20 ℃ of insulation 7h and carries out excessively cold for the second time, being warming up to 650 ± 10 ℃ of insulation 40h carries out tempering and expands the anti-white point of hydrogen and process, with stove be chilled to≤250 ℃ come out of the stove.
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| CN1247345C (en) * | 2003-11-27 | 2006-03-29 | 宝钢集团上海五钢有限公司 | Hot working method of die steel large-scale modular forgings |
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Address after: 214421 No. 6, Xuxiang, Shuxin village, Longsha industrial concentration zone, Huashi Town, Jiangyin City, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Zhenhong heavy industry (Jiangsu) Co.,Ltd. Address before: 214421 No. 6, Xuxiang, Shuxin village, Longsha industrial concentration zone, Huashi Town, Jiangyin City, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: JIANGYIN ZENKUNG FORGING Co.,Ltd. |
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