CN114420224A - Prediction method applied to wave transmission performance of 5G communication foam antenna housing - Google Patents
Prediction method applied to wave transmission performance of 5G communication foam antenna housing Download PDFInfo
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001615 p wave Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000000497 foam cell Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for predicting wave transmission performance of a 5G communication foam antenna housing, and belongs to the technical field of porous foam material performance prediction. The wave-transmitting rate and the dielectric constant of the foamed material are obtained through abstract representation of a foam cell model of the foamed material and a mathematical model of an electromagnetic wave passing phenomenon, so that whether the foamed material is suitable for a wave-transmitting material of an antenna housing or not is rapidly analyzed, the material selection efficiency in production is improved, and the problems mentioned in the background technology are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna housing design, in particular to a wave transmission performance prediction model for predicting that 5G communication electromagnetic waves pass through foams.
Background
The fifth generation mobile communication technology (5th generation mobile networks) is the latest generation cellular mobile communication technology. The 5G has the characteristics of large-scale integration, high frequency and high spectral efficiency. In the process of building the 5G base station, due to the high-frequency characteristic (capable of reaching millimeter waves) and the denser antenna array, the antenna length is in direct proportion to the wavelength, so that an antenna array with the antenna distance being more than half wavelength is built in the equipment. This also results in more interference between the antennas. On the basis, all small-size antennas need to be provided with the antenna housing to resist the change of the outdoor environment, so that the antenna housing not only needs to have good light resistance, ageing resistance and mechanical property, but also needs to have a low dielectric constant. New materials with lower dielectric constants and better wave permeability would be in great demand.
The micro-nano porous foaming material prepared by the supercritical carbon dioxide foaming process has attracted extensive attention in the new material industry due to the advantages of light weight, low dielectric, high wave-transmitting property, chemical corrosion resistance, green processing and the like. Particularly, for the antenna housing, the foaming material has extremely high air content, obtains the characteristic similar to air, and can be called as 'solidified air', so that the transmission influence of the antenna housing on electromagnetic waves is reduced to an extremely low interval, and the material is an ideal antenna housing material.
In the existing method for testing dielectric properties of materials, high-frequency testing based on a vector network analyzer and low-frequency testing based on a broadband dielectric spectrum are common. In actual operation, a common testing method is to select several kinds of foaming base materials, then foam the foaming base materials, process the foaming sample into a shape required by the test, and then perform the test. This process not only requires the equipment to be completely machined and characterized, but also costs and time. Therefore, simulation software is needed to predict the wave-transmitting performance of the foaming material in the development and test of the material, so as to guide material selection and process selection. However, the existing simulation software cannot perfectly simulate the wave-transparent behavior and parameters of the foaming material from various details.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for predicting the wave transmission performance of a 5G communication antenna cover, which obtains the wave transmission rate and the dielectric constant of a foamed material by abstract representation of a foam material bubble hole model and a mathematical model of an electromagnetic wave passing phenomenon, thereby quickly analyzing whether the material is suitable for the wave transmission material of the antenna cover, improving the material selection efficiency in production and further solving the problems mentioned in the background technology.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a prediction method applied to wave transmission performance of a 5G communication foam antenna cover comprises the following steps:
step 3, calculating transmission parameters of electromagnetic wave transmission in the foam holes;
in the step 2, the electromagnetic wave is an electromagnetic wave in a GHz frequency band, and covers P, L, S, C, X, Ku, K, Ka, U, V and W.
In step 3, the transmission parameters of the electromagnetic wave transmission in the cells include: the solid-to-gas and gas-to-solid reflection coefficients of p-waves and s-waves, and the solid-to-gas and gas-to-solid transmission coefficients; wherein p-wave refers to an electromagnetic vector wave parallel to the incident surface, and s-wave is an electromagnetic vector wave perpendicular to the incident surface.
Reflection coefficient of solid to gas phase for s-wave ρsgAnd the reflection coefficient p from gas phase to solid phasegsThe calculation is as follows:
reflection coefficient of solid phase to gas phase for p-wave
And reflection coefficient from gas phase to solid phase
The calculation is as follows:
ngis the refractive index of the gas, n is the refractive index of the solid phase;
ε 'is the real part of the dielectric constant and ε' is the dielectric loss;
for S-wave, solid to gas phase transmission coefficient:
gas phase to solid phase transmission coefficient:
for P-wave, solid to gas transmission coefficient:
gas phase to solid phase transmission coefficient:
where n is the real part of the refractive index, k is the imaginary part of the refractive index, ngIs the refractive index of the gas, theta1Is the angle of incidence, θ2Is the angle of refraction.
In the step 2, the expression is a third-order polynomial equation; and the parameters in the expression are obtained by fitting.
The expression of the third-order polynomial equation is as follows: p (theta) ═ P1·θ3+p2·θ2+p3·θ+p4Wherein p is1-p4Are coefficients of a fitting polynomial.
In step 4, the electromagnetic wave transmittance of the whole foam is as follows:
T＝T1 α(ii) a Alpha is the number of the electromagnetic waves penetrating through the wall of the bubble hole;
wherein, Tf＝(Tf1s+Tf2p)/2；
Tf1sAnd Tf2pThe transmission coefficients of solid phase to gas phase and gas phase to solid phase of s wave and p wave are substituted into the following formula to calculate:
in the step 4, the method further comprises calculating the reflectivity of the whole foam, and the process is as follows:
Rfcalculated by the following formula:
in the step 4, the method further comprises a step of calculating the equivalent complex dielectric constant of the whole foam material, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,
c is the speed of light, murComplex permeability, and ω angular frequency.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the traditional simulation mode such as FTDT, the model has the following advantages:
(1) the change of the transmissivity, the reflectivity and the absorptivity along with the frequency, the cell structure (size) and the foaming multiplying power can be directly obtained; (2) predicting the wave-transparent performance variation trend of the material in the frequency range which cannot be tested by equipment; (3) the calculation speed is high, and the cost of material characterization is reduced; (4) the model is sensitive to the dielectric constant of the material body, and the accuracy is higher; (5) the model is mainly suitable for closed-cell foam and is suitable for the main foaming materials at present.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of electromagnetic waves traversing a cell;
FIG. 2 is a histogram of the distribution of electromagnetic waves incident at various angles;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the shape of sections in a block of foam;
FIG. 4 is a simulation of electromagnetic wave incidence for polypropylene at different thicknesses at 100 GHz;
FIG. 5 is the influencing factors for different expansion ratios and cell diameters;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of free space method test and simulation results;
Detailed Description
The following describes the modeling process of the method of the present invention in detail:
the first step is as follows: when electromagnetic waves are incident to the foam material, the incident angle distribution of each foam hole is regular. First, the cell distribution was simulated according to the Voroni method.
As shown in fig. 1, a thick line shows the cell wall through which the electromagnetic wave needs to pass when passing through each cell on a straight line, ten thousand cells are randomly generated by using Matlab statistics that the electromagnetic wave passes through a section of 10 × 10mm, nine paths are selected for statistics, and the distribution of angles on each path is counted by repeating ten thousand times. After several calculations, the resulting cell wall distributions are found to have a certain quantitative relationship, as shown in FIG. 2:
the method sets the distribution probability of the electromagnetic waves to the incident angle theta of the cell wall to accord with a third-order polynomial equation.
Fitting the above results to obtain:
the value of P represents the probability of the distribution of electromagnetic waves at randomly generated cell wall incident angles θ. p is a radical of1-p4Are coefficients of a fitting polynomial.
The second step is that: according to the known incident rule of the electromagnetic wave on the angle of the bubble wall, calculating the integral of the transmission behavior of the electromagnetic wave in one bubble on the incident angle distribution, and showing the transmission behavior of the electromagnetic wave of the whole bubble.
According to the cell diameter deltacThe foaming ratio b, the real part epsilon 'and dielectric loss epsilon' of the dielectric constant of the raw material, the frequency f of incident electromagnetic waves, the thickness L of the foamed material, and relevant independent variables are input to divide different materials.
The dielectric constant epsilon 'and the dielectric loss epsilon' are converted into a complex refractive index and a real part of the refractive index
Imaginary refractive index (absorption coefficient)
Porosity of the material
Thereby obtaining the thickness of the cell wall
(δcCell diameter).
In the aspect of electromagnetic waves, p waves and s waves are the following for the vector vibration direction of the electromagnetic waves: the electromagnetic wave vector is decomposed into two vibration directions perpendicular to each other, the former is called a parallel component and is denoted by "p", and the latter is called a perpendicular component and is denoted by "s", in an incident plane (a plane formed by the electromagnetic wave vector and an interface normal) and in two directions perpendicular to the incident plane. The calculation takes different incidence situations of the p wave and the s wave into consideration. The gas-solid reflectivity and transmittance and the solid-gas reflectivity and transmittance are also considered when the same electromagnetic wave beam propagates in the wall of one bubble hole. According to the fresnel theorem, the following calculation is performed:
for incident waves (s-waves) with electromagnetic waves perpendicular to the cell surface, ngIs the refractive index of the gas, n is the refractive index of the solid phase, theta1Is the angle of incidence, θ2Angle of refraction, reflection coefficient from solid to gas and gas to solid:
for an incident wave of electromagnetic waves parallel to the cell surface (p-wave), the reflection coefficients of solid to gas and gas to solid:
also, according to fresnel theorem, for s-waves, the transmission coefficient of solid phase to gas phase:
transmission coefficient from gas phase to solid phase:
for p-wave, solid to gas transmission coefficient:
transmission coefficient from gas phase to solid phase:
the reflectivity of the cell walls can be calculated as:
wherein λ is the wavelength;
the transmission of the cell walls can be calculated as:
respectively substituting the two transmission coefficients of the s wave and the p wave from the gas phase to the solid phase and from the solid phase to the gas phase into a transmissivity calculation formula to obtain Tf1sAnd Tf2pLet Tf＝(Tf1s+Tf2p) And/2, considering that the incident angles of the electromagnetic waves in the actual cells are different, assuming that the incident angles are distributed according to a sine function, the transmittance of the final single-layer cell is as follows:
the reflectivity of the single-layer cells is:
considering the effect of reflection interference between cells on transmission, the electromagnetic wave transmission of the final overall foam is:
T＝T1 α(ii) a Alpha is the number of the electromagnetic waves penetrating through the wall of the bubble hole;
total reflectance:
for a sample with a thickness of L, according to the formula in the "Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW)" coaxial line measuring method, the following are provided:
c is the speed of light, murIs complex permeability, ω is angular frequency, R is total reflectivity;
the overall foam equivalent complex dielectric constant is then:
and (3) verification of the model:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, the diameter delta of the foam holecThe foaming ratio b, the dielectric constant ε 'and dielectric loss ε' of the raw material, the frequency f of the incident electromagnetic wave, and the thickness L of the foamed material were all measured statistically. The statistics of the diameter of the cells means that the average area of the cross sections of the cells under a certain quantity is counted under a scanning electron microscope, the average area is converted into a circle with the same area, the diameter of the circle is calculated, and the diameter of the cell is approximately estimated. The foaming ratio is measured by measuring the density of the foam (the foam needs to be hydrophobic) by a drainage method, and dividing the density of the material before foaming by the density of the foam. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the raw material can be obtained by a vector network analyzer and a broadband dielectric test spectrum.
Step two: these basic parameters are input into a model to obtain the wave-transmitting rate and the equivalent dielectric constant.
Step three: the obtained result is corrected.
Step four: the frequency, expansion ratio and cell diameter are plotted against the wave transmittance.
First, the wave transmittance of each layer in the foam material under the condition of assuming that the electromagnetic wave is a point-shaped emission source is tested, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the shape of each section in a piece of foam material, and the simulation of the schematic diagram is shown in fig. 4 assuming that the electromagnetic wave is a point-shaped light source.
The simulation results for different factors affecting the expansion ratio and cell diameter are shown in fig. 5:
free space method test1,2In comparison with the simulation results, as shown in fig. 6.
The method of the patent has good consistency with the true value through the simulation calculation.
The standard gain horn antenna used for the test is a high definition signal antenna (HD-100 SGA) of the West ampere Hengda microwave technology development limited company, the test frequency range is 8.20GHz-12.40GHz, the test environmental condition is a microwave darkroom, and the standard gain horn antenna is used together with a vector network analyzer.
Reference to the literature
1.Ghodgaonkar D K,Varadan V V,Varadan V K.Free-space measurement of complex permittivity and complex permeability of magnetic materials at microwave frequencies[J].IEEE Transactions on instrumentation and measurement,1990,39(2):387-394.
2.Seo I S,Chin W S.Characterization of electromagnetic properties of polymeric composite materials with free space method[J].Composite Structures,2004,66(1-4):533-542.
Claims (9)
1. A method for predicting wave transmission performance of a 5G communication foam antenna housing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, setting structural parameters of a porous foaming material;
step 2, obtaining an expression of the distribution probability of the incident angle theta of the electromagnetic waves on the cell walls;
step 3, calculating transmission parameters of electromagnetic wave transmission in the foam holes;
and 4, calculating the wave transmission performance of the whole porous foaming material according to the transmission parameters obtained in the step 3.
2. The method for predicting the wave-transmitting performance of the 5G communication foam radome of claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the electromagnetic wave is an electromagnetic wave in a GHz frequency band, and covers P, L, S, C, X, Ku, K, Ka, U, V and W.
3. The method for predicting the wave-transmitting performance of the 5G communication foam radome of claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the transmission parameters of the electromagnetic wave transmission in the foam pores comprise: the solid-to-gas and gas-to-solid reflection coefficients of p-waves and s-waves, and the solid-to-gas and gas-to-solid transmission coefficients; wherein p-wave refers to an electromagnetic vector wave parallel to the incident surface, and s-wave is an electromagnetic vector wave perpendicular to the incident surface.
4. The method for predicting the wave-transmitting performance of the 5G communication foam radome according to claim 1, wherein the reflection coefficient p from the solid phase to the gas phase is s-wavesgAnd the reflection coefficient p from gas phase to solid phasegsThe calculation is as follows:
reflection coefficient of solid phase to gas phase for p-wave
And reflection coefficient from gas phase to solid phase
The calculation is as follows:
ngis the refractive index of the gas, n is the refractive index of the solid phase, theta1Is the angle of incidence, θ2Is the angle of refraction;
ε 'is the real part of the dielectric constant and ε' is the dielectric loss
Where n is the real part of the refractive index, k is the imaginary part of the refractive index, ngIs the refractive index of the gas.
5. The method for predicting the wave-transmitting performance of the 5G communication foam radome according to claim 4, wherein for the S wave, the transmission coefficient from the solid phase to the gas phase is as follows:
gas phase to solid phase transmission coefficient:
for P-wave, solid to gas transmission coefficient:
gas phase to solid phase transmission coefficient:
6. the method for predicting the wave-transmitting performance of the 5G communication foam radome according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the expression is a third-order polynomial equation; and the parameters in the expression are obtained by fitting.
7. The method for predicting the wave-transmitting performance of the 5G communication foam radome according to claim 6, wherein the expression of the third-order polynomial equation is as follows: p (theta) ═ P1·θ3+p2·θ2+p3·θ+p4Wherein p is1-p4Are coefficients of a fitting polynomial.
8. The method for predicting the wave-transmitting performance of the 5G communication foam radome according to claim 7, wherein in the step 4, the electromagnetic wave transmittance of the whole foam is as follows:
T＝T1 α(ii) a Alpha is the number of the electromagnetic waves penetrating through the wall of the bubble hole;
wherein, Tf＝(Tf1s+Tf2p)/2；
Tf1sAnd Tf2pThe transmission coefficients of solid phase to gas phase and gas phase to solid phase of s wave and p wave are substituted into the following formula to calculate:
in the step 4, the method further comprises calculating the reflectivity of the whole foam, and the process is as follows:
Rfcalculated by the following formula:
9. the method for predicting the wave-transmitting performance of the 5G communication foam radome according to claim 8, wherein the step 4 further comprises a step of calculating the equivalent complex dielectric constant of the whole foam material, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,
c is the speed of light, murComplex permeability, and ω angular frequency.
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| CN115093644A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-09-23 | 江苏集萃先进高分子材料研究所有限公司 | Polypropylene composite foam material, preparation method and wave-transparent performance prediction method |
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