CN114420224B - Prediction method applied to wave-transparent performance of 5G communication foam radome - Google Patents
Prediction method applied to wave-transparent performance of 5G communication foam radome Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000006261 foam material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001615 p wave Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011981 development test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001453 impedance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C60/00—Computational materials science, i.e. ICT specially adapted for investigating the physical or chemical properties of materials or phenomena associated with their design, synthesis, processing, characterisation or utilisation
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for predicting wave-transparent performance of a 5G communication foam radome, and belongs to the technical field of porous foam material performance prediction. The wave transmission rate and the dielectric constant of the foamed material are obtained through abstract representation of a foam material cell model and a mathematical model of electromagnetic wave passing phenomenon, so that whether the material is suitable for the wave transmission material of the radome is rapidly analyzed, the material selection efficiency in production is improved, and the problems in the background art are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radomes, in particular to a wave transmission performance prediction model for predicting 5G communication electromagnetic waves to pass through foam.
Background
The fifth generation mobile communication technology (5 th generation mobile networks) is the latest generation cellular mobile communication technology. The 5G is characterized by large-scale integration, high frequency and high spectrum efficiency. In the construction process of the 5G base station, due to the high-frequency characteristic (millimeter wave can be achieved) and the denser antenna array, the antenna length is proportional to the wavelength, so that the antenna array with the antenna distance of more than half wavelength can be built in the equipment. This also brings more interference between the antennas. On this basis, all small-sized antennas need to be provided with radomes to resist outdoor environmental changes, so that the radomes not only require good light resistance, aging resistance and mechanical properties, but also require low dielectric constants. New materials with lower dielectric constants and better wave transmission properties would create a great need.
The micro-nano pore foaming material prepared by the supercritical carbon dioxide foaming process has received wide attention in new material industry because of the advantages of light weight, low dielectric property, high wave permeability, chemical corrosion resistance, green processing and the like. Particularly for radomes, the foaming material obtains similar characteristics as air with extremely high air content, which can be called as 'solidified air', so that the influence of the radome on the transmission of electromagnetic waves is reduced to an extremely low range, and the foaming material is an ideal radome material.
In the existing method for testing the dielectric properties of materials, a high-frequency test based on a vector network analyzer and a low-frequency test based on a broadband dielectric spectrum are common. In practical operation, a common testing method is to select several foaming base materials, then foam, process a foaming sample into a shape required by testing, and then test. This process not only requires complete processing and characterization equipment, but also requires various costs and time. Therefore, simulation software is required to predict the wave-transparent performance of the foaming material in the development test of the material, so as to guide the selection of the material and the process selection. However, the existing simulation software cannot perfectly simulate the wave-transparent behavior and parameters of the foaming material from various details.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for predicting the wave transmission performance of a 5G communication radome, which is used for obtaining the wave transmission rate and the dielectric constant of a foamed material through abstract representation of a foam material cell model and a mathematical model of electromagnetic wave passing phenomenon, so as to rapidly analyze whether the material is suitable for the wave transmission material of the radome, improve the material selection efficiency in production and solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical proposal is as follows:
a method for predicting wave-transparent performance of a 5G communication foam radome comprises the following steps:
step 1, setting structural parameters of a porous foaming material;
Step 2, obtaining an expression of distribution probability of an electromagnetic wave incident angle theta on a cell wall;
step 3, calculating transmission parameters of electromagnetic wave transmission in the cells;
step 4, calculating the wave-transmitting performance of the whole porous foaming material according to the transmission parameters obtained in the step 3;
In the step 2, the electromagnetic wave is an electromagnetic wave in GHz band, which covers P, L, S, C, X, ku, K, ka, U, V, W.
In the step 3, the transmission parameters of electromagnetic wave transmission in the cells include: the solid-to-gas phase and gas-to-solid phase reflection coefficients of p-waves and s-waves, and the solid-to-gas phase and gas-to-solid phase transmission coefficients; where p-wave refers to an electromagnetic vector wave parallel to the plane of incidence and s-wave is an electromagnetic vector wave perpendicular to the plane of incidence.
For s-waves, the solid-to-gas reflectance ρ sg and the gas-to-solid reflectance ρ gs are calculated as follows:
For p-waves, the solid-to-gas phase reflectance φ sg and the gas-to-solid phase reflectance φ gs are calculated as follows:
n g is the gas refractive index, n is the solid phase refractive index;
Epsilon' is the real part of the dielectric constant and epsilon "is the dielectric loss;
for S-wave, solid-to-gas transmission coefficient:
Transmission coefficient from gas phase to solid phase:
For P-wave, solid-to-gas transmission coefficient:
Transmission coefficient from gas phase to solid phase:
Where n is the solid phase refractive index, k is the refractive index imaginary part, n g is the gas refractive index, θ 1 is the angle of incidence, and θ 2 is the angle of refraction.
In the step 2, the expression is a third-order polynomial equation; and the parameters in the expression are obtained by fitting.
The expression of the third-order polynomial equation is: p (θ) =p 1·θ3+p2·θ2+p3·θ+p4, where P 1-p4 is the coefficient of the fitting polynomial.
In the step 4, the electromagnetic wave transmittance of the whole foam is as follows:
T=t 1 α; alpha is the number of electromagnetic waves passing through the walls of the bubble;
T1 refers to the transmissivity of a single layer of cells;
wherein T f＝(Tf1s+Tf2p)/2;
T f1s and T f2p are calculated from the solid-to-gas phase and gas-to-solid phase transmission coefficients of s-wave and p-wave, respectively, substituted into the following formulas:
in the step 4, the method further comprises the calculation of the reflectivity of the whole foam, and the process is as follows:
R f is calculated by the following formula:
in the step 4, the method further comprises a step of calculating the equivalent complex dielectric constant of the whole foam material, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein,
C is the speed of light, mu r is the complex permeability and ω is the angular frequency.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the traditional simulation mode, such as FTDT, the model has the following advantages:
(1) The change of the transmissivity, the reflectivity and the absorptivity along with the frequency, the cell structure (size) and the foaming multiplying power can be directly obtained; (2) Predicting the change trend of the wave-transmitting performance of the material in the frequency range which can not be tested by the equipment; (3) the calculation speed is high, and the cost of material characterization is reduced; (4) The model is sensitive to the dielectric constant of the material body, and the accuracy is higher; (5) The mould is mainly suitable for closed cell foam and is suitable for the main foaming materials at present.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of electromagnetic waves traversing cells;
FIG. 2 is a histogram of the incident angle distribution of electromagnetic waves;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the shape of each section in a piece of foam;
FIG. 4 is a simulation of electromagnetic wave incidence for polypropylene at different thicknesses of 100 GHz;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the impact factors for different foaming rates and cell diameters;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of free space testing and simulation results;
Detailed Description
The modeling process of the method of the present invention is specifically described below:
the first step: when electromagnetic waves enter the foam material, the incidence angle distribution of each cell is regular. First, the distribution of cells was simulated according to the Voroni method.
As shown in fig. 1, the thick lines show the cell walls that the electromagnetic waves need to pass through when passing through each cell on a straight line, ten thousands of cells are randomly generated under the condition that the electromagnetic waves pass through a 10 x 10mm section by using Matlab statistics, nine paths are selected for statistics, the circulation is performed ten thousand times, and the distribution of angles on each path is counted. After a number of calculations, the resulting cell wall distribution was found to have a certain amount of relationship, as shown in fig. 2:
The method sets that the distribution probability of electromagnetic waves on the incidence angle theta of the cell wall accords with a third-order polynomial equation.
Fitting the results to obtain:
The P value represents the probability of distribution of the incident angle θ of the electromagnetic wave at the cell wall generated randomly. p 1-p4 is the coefficient of the fitting polynomial.
And a second step of: according to the known incidence rule of the electromagnetic wave on the wall angle of the bubble hole, calculating the integral of the propagation behavior of the electromagnetic wave in one bubble hole on the incidence angle distribution, and displaying the electromagnetic wave transmission behavior of the whole bubble hole.
According to the cell diameter delta c, the foaming multiplying power b, the real part epsilon' and the dielectric loss epsilon of the dielectric constant of the raw material, the frequency f of the incident electromagnetic wave and the thickness L of the foamed material, inputting relevant independent variables, and dividing different materials.
Converting the dielectric constant ε' and dielectric loss ε "into complex refractive index, solid phase refractive indexImaginary part of refractive index (absorption coefficient)/>
Thus, the thickness of the cell wall was determined(Delta c is cell diameter).
In terms of electromagnetic waves, p-waves and s-waves are for the direction of electromagnetic wave vector vibration: the electromagnetic wave vector is decomposed into two mutually perpendicular vibration directions, namely, a parallel component denoted by "p" and a perpendicular component denoted by "s", in an incident plane (a plane formed by the electromagnetic wave vector and the interface normal) and in a direction perpendicular to the incident plane. The different incidence conditions of p wave and s wave are considered in calculation. The reflectivity and transmissivity of gas-solid and the reflectivity and transmissivity of solid-gas are considered when the same electromagnetic wave propagates in one bubble wall. According to the fresnel theorem, the following calculations are performed:
for an incident wave (s-wave) of electromagnetic waves perpendicular to the cell surface, n g is the gas refractive index, n is the solid phase refractive index, θ 1 is the angle of incidence, θ 2 is the angle of refraction, solid phase to gas phase and gas phase to solid phase reflection coefficients:
For incident waves of electromagnetic waves parallel to the cell surface (p-waves), solid-to-gas phase and gas-to-solid phase reflection coefficients:
Also, according to the fresnel theorem, for s-waves, the solid-to-gas phase transmission coefficients:
Transmission coefficient from gas phase to solid phase:
For p-wave, solid-to-gas transmission coefficient:
Transmission coefficient from gas phase to solid phase:
the reflectivity of the cell wall can be calculated as:
Wherein λ is the wavelength;
The transmissivity of the cell wall can be calculated as:
The two transmission coefficients of the gas phase to the solid phase and the solid phase to the gas phase of the s wave and the p wave are respectively brought into a transmission rate calculation formula to obtain T f1s and T f2p, T f＝(Tf1s+Tf2p)/2, the incident angles of electromagnetic waves in actual cells are considered to be different, the incident angles are assumed to be distributed according to a sine function, and the transmission rate of the final single-layer cell is as follows:
The reflectivity of the single layer of cells is: Considering the effect of reflective interference between cells on transmission, the electromagnetic wave transmittance of the final whole foam is: t=t 1 α; alpha is the number of electromagnetic waves passing through the walls of the bubble;
Total reflectance:
for a sample of thickness L, according to the formula in the "Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW)" coaxial line measurement method, there are:
c is the speed of light, mu r is the complex permeability, ω is the angular frequency, R is the total reflectance;
the equivalent complex dielectric constant of the entire foam is:
And (3) verifying a model:
Step one: firstly, the cell diameter delta c, the foaming multiplying power b, the dielectric constant epsilon' and dielectric loss epsilon of raw materials, the frequency f of incident electromagnetic waves and the thickness L of the foamed material are subjected to statistical measurement. The cell diameter statistics means that the average area of cell sections under a certain number is counted under a scanning electron microscope, converted into circles with the same area, and the diameter is calculated to be approximately estimated as the cell diameter. The foaming ratio is measured by measuring the density of the foam (the foam needs to be hydrophobic) by a drainage method, and dividing the density of the material before foaming by the density of the foam material. The dielectric constants and dielectric losses of the raw materials can be obtained by a vector network analyzer and a broadband dielectric test spectrum.
Step two: these basic parameters are input into the model to obtain the wave transmittance and the equivalent dielectric constant.
Step three: and correcting the obtained result.
Step four: the frequency, expansion ratio and cell diameter were plotted against the wave transmittance.
First, the wave transmittance of each layer in the foam material was tested assuming that the electromagnetic wave was a point-like emission source, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the shape of each section in a block of foam material, assuming that the electromagnetic wave was a point light source, and the simulation of this schematic diagram is shown in fig. 4.
The simulation results are shown in fig. 5 for different factors of expansion ratio and cell diameter:
Free space method test 1,2 is compared to the simulation results as shown in figure 6.
The simulation calculation shows that the method of the patent has good consistency with the true value.
The standard gain horn antenna used for the test is HD-100SGA, a company of western security microwave technology development, the test frequency range is 8.20GHz-12.40GHz, the test environment condition is a microwave darkroom, and the standard gain horn antenna is used in combination with a vector network analyzer.
Reference to the literature
1.Ghodgaonkar D K,Varadan V V,Varadan V K.Free-space measurement of complex permittivity and complex permeability of magnetic materials at microwave frequencies[J].IEEE Transactions on instrumentation and measurement,1990,39(2):387-394.
2.Seo I S,Chin W S.Characterization of electromagnetic properties of polymeric composite materials with free space method[J].Composite Structures,2004,66(1-4):533-542.
Claims (3)
1. The method for predicting the wave-transmitting performance of the 5G communication foam radome is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, setting structural parameters of a porous foaming material;
Step 2, obtaining an expression of distribution probability of an electromagnetic wave incident angle theta on a cell wall;
step 3, calculating transmission parameters of electromagnetic wave transmission in the cells;
step 4, calculating the wave-transmitting performance of the whole porous foaming material according to the transmission parameters obtained in the step 3;
In the step 3, the transmission parameters of electromagnetic wave transmission in the cells include: the solid-to-gas phase and gas-to-solid phase reflection coefficients of p-waves and s-waves, and the solid-to-gas phase and gas-to-solid phase transmission coefficients; wherein p-wave refers to electromagnetic vector wave parallel to the incident plane, s-wave refers to electromagnetic vector wave perpendicular to the incident plane;
For s-waves, the solid-to-gas reflectance ρ sg and the gas-to-solid reflectance ρ gs are calculated as follows:
For p-waves, the solid-to-gas phase reflectance φ sg and the gas-to-solid phase reflectance φ gs are calculated as follows:
n g is the gas refractive index, n is the solid phase refractive index, θ 1 is the angle of incidence, and θ 2 is the angle of refraction;
Epsilon' is the real part of the dielectric constant and epsilon "is the dielectric loss
Wherein n is the solid phase refractive index, k is the refractive index imaginary part, and n g is the gas refractive index;
for S-wave, solid-to-gas transmission coefficient:
Transmission coefficient from gas phase to solid phase:
For P-wave, solid-to-gas transmission coefficient:
Transmission coefficient from gas phase to solid phase:
in the step 2, the expression is a third-order polynomial equation; and parameters in the expression are obtained through fitting;
The expression of the third-order polynomial equation is: p (θ) =p 1·θ3+p2·θ2+p3·θ+p4, where P 1-p4 is the coefficient of the fitting polynomial;
In the step 4, the electromagnetic wave transmittance of the whole foam is as follows:
T=t 1 α; alpha is the number of electromagnetic waves passing through the walls of the bubble;
wherein T f＝(Tf1s+Tf2p)/2;
T f1s and T f2p are calculated from the solid-to-gas phase and gas-to-solid phase transmission coefficients of s-wave and p-wave, respectively, substituted into the following formulas:
in the step 4, the method further comprises the calculation of the reflectivity of the whole foam, and the process is as follows:
R f is calculated by the following formula:
2. The method for predicting the wave-transparent performance of the 5G communication foam radome according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the electromagnetic wave is an electromagnetic wave in GHz band, and the electromagnetic wave covers P, L, S, C, X, ku, K, ka, U, V, W.
3. The method for predicting the wave-transparent performance of a 5G communication foam radome according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the method further comprises a step of calculating an equivalent complex dielectric constant of the whole foam material, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein,
C is the speed of light, mu r is the complex permeability and ω is the angular frequency.
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