CN114414375A - Drainage rate controllable type rockfill material lateral confinement compression test device and method - Google Patents
Drainage rate controllable type rockfill material lateral confinement compression test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0236—Other environments
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0284—Bulk material, e.g. powders
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
The invention discloses a drainage rate controllable rockfill material lateral confinement compression test device and method, belongs to the technical field of particle material mechanics research, and is used for solving the technical problem that the water level of a dam is difficult to simulate due to a certain time law existing in the rising and falling of the water level of the dam. The device comprises a container, a drainage valve, a flowmeter device for measuring instantaneous drainage and a control system; the container is provided with a water outlet, the drainage valve is arranged at the water outlet, the flowmeter device is arranged on the drainage valve, the control system is communicated with the flowmeter device and the drainage valve, and the control system adjusts the actual opening amount of the drainage valve according to the determined coefficient relation between the opening amount of the drainage valve and the instantaneous drainage amount of the flowmeter device when the instantaneous drainage amount of the flowmeter device changes. The testing device and the method have simple structure and easy operation, are beneficial to developing indoor tests in the field, are beneficial to promoting the research on the humidifying and deformation theory of the rockfill material, and have very high practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of research on granular material mechanics, in particular to a controllable drainage rate type rockfill material lateral confinement compression test device and method.
Background
The rockfill material has the characteristics of easy compaction, high strength after compaction, small deformation and the like, and is widely applied to the engineering construction of earth-rock dams.
For the rockfill filling body, the excessive deformation can cause obvious difference between the core wall and the rockfill body, and influences the coordinated development of deformation of different partitions of the dam body; and the panel is easy to be hollow, so that an anti-seepage system of the dam body is adversely affected, and the safe operation of the whole project is endangered. Therefore, deformation control is a key problem in the construction of high earth-rock dams, and long-term deformation research on rockfill materials is necessary. The long-term deformation of the rockfill material can be simply summarized into the following aspects, namely the rheological deformation of the rockfill material under the condition of constant stress after the dam body is built; wet deformation caused by water storage; the deformation caused by stress cycle change caused by reservoir water level rise and fall change during operation and the deformation caused by other factors such as dam material dry-wet cycle, temperature cycle and the like which can cause the property degradation of the stacking materials.
The earth-rock dam, especially the high earth-rock dam, has obvious long-term deformation after the completion of the dam body. Deformation control is a key problem in earth and rockfill dam construction. Wherein, the rheological deformation is taken as an important component of the long-term deformation of the dam body, and the rheological deformation characteristic is more and more paid more attention by engineering researchers. According to the experiment, the sinking pearl river and the like provide 3 parameter rheological calculation models, and the feedback analysis is carried out on the observation data of 4 built rock-fill dams, so as to obtain the rheological parameter ranges of soft rock rockfill materials, gravel materials and common rockfill materials. The beam force and the like research the rheological deformation mechanism and the deformation rule of the rockfill material of the panel dam by carrying out rheological test on the rockfill material in a large-scale compressor, and fitting and analyzing test data to find that the rheological deformation of the rockfill material is exponentially decayed and changed along with time.
The influence factors of the rock-fill body rheology are many, such as rock-fill particle strength, particle grading characteristics, filling density and load change. The engineering characteristics of the rock-soil materials are often obviously different due to different mineral components and causes, so that the determination of the rheological model parameters of a certain rockfill material is difficult, and the rheological data parameters of other engineering rockfill materials are not necessarily suitable for the design calculation of newly-built engineering. Therefore, the rheological model parameters for determining the rockfill material should be determined by indoor rheological tests.
The wet deformation of the rockfill material refers to the deformation generated when the rockfill material changes from dry state to wet state when meeting water, and is one of the main factors for generating the later deformation of the rockfill dam. In the process of constructing or operating the rock-fill dam, due to the reasons that reservoir water storage, water level fluctuation, rainwater immersion into the dam body and the like, rock-fill materials are changed from dry to wet, softening in different degrees occurs, and particles are likely to be broken at edges and corners in contact, so that the internal texture of the filling body is adjusted, the rock-fill body is likely to generate obvious wetting deformation, the dam body is likely to generate local wet sinking, and then local cracks are caused to endanger the safety of the dam. The rockfill material is a main filling material of the rockfill dam, and deformation characteristics of the rockfill material under a dry-wet circulation condition are researched, so that the rockfill material is beneficial to better understanding of deformation rules of the rockfill dam in a long-term operation process, and uneven settlement and seepage damage are prevented. Aiming at the wet deformation of the rockfill material, in 1972, Nobari and Duncan combine monitoring data of some dam bodies, research the development rule of the stress and strain of the earth-rock dam under the condition of water storage, and emphatically research the influence of water on the material property. From now on, aiming at different engineering filling rockfill materials, a plurality of scholars have developed abundant humidification test researches and established various rockfill dam humidification deformation models. At present, a plurality of scholars at home and abroad carefully study the humidifying deformation of the rockfill material after primary soaking, for example, study the humidifying deformation and the influence factors thereof by a single-line method and a double-line method.
Although the existing test method for rockfill material rheological deformation and wetting deformation and research thereof have achieved certain results, the method has some defects. For example, the "bilinear method" cannot reflect the wet deformation under the isobaric stress state, and related data show that the calculated wet deformation is smaller, and the smaller value is unsafe for engineering; the single-line method has the defects that errors are difficult to avoid in the test, the dispersion is large, different research means are adopted, the obtained conclusions are inconsistent, and the unified regularity is poor; when the rockfill material rheological deformation test is carried out, the drainage rate of the rockfill material is not controlled, and in reality, the water level of the dam is difficult to simulate well due to the fact that a certain time law exists in the water level rising and falling of the dam; the rheological deformation and the humidifying deformation tests are mostly triaxial tests, and uniaxial compression deformation test research is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the tests, the invention aims to provide a speed-controllable rockfill material side-limit compression test device and method, which can accurately control the drainage speed during the test when the rockfill material is subjected to side-limit compression by humidification, and study the influence of the drainage speed on the uniaxial humidification deformation of the rockfill material.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the side limit compression test device for the rockfill material with the controlled drainage rate comprises a container, a drainage valve, a flowmeter device for measuring instantaneous drainage and a control system;
be provided with the delivery port on the container, drainage valve installs delivery port department, the flowmeter device is installed drainage valve is last, control system with the flowmeter device and drainage valve intercommunication, control system is according to definite drainage valve opening amount with the coefficient relation of flowmeter device instantaneous displacement when the instantaneous displacement of flowmeter device changes, adjust drainage valve's actual opening amount.
The drainage rate controllable rockfill side-limit compression test device provided by the invention can accurately control the drainage rate during testing when the rockfill material is subjected to humidifying side-limit compression, and research the influence of the drainage rate on humidifying deformation of the rockfill material under the side-limit compression condition; the Hall flow meter is a measuring sensor with higher precision, is simple, easy to use, accurate, low in cost, small in volume and easy to integrate in various applications; the wall of the cylindrical container is made of transparent materials, so that the test phenomenon can be observed conveniently in the test. Above-mentioned controllable drainage rate formula rockfill material lateral confinement compression test device simple structure, easily operation are favorable to developing of this field indoor test, are favorable to promoting the research in the aspect of the rockfill material theory of deformation, have very high practicality.
The invention also provides a controllable drainage rate type rockfill material lateral confinement compression experimental method, which comprises the following steps:
step S10: connecting a drainage valve, a container and a flowmeter device in a combined manner;
step S20: slowly putting the particle material to be detected into the container, and injecting water into the container;
s30, performing a lateral confinement compression test on the particle material to be tested in the container, and recording the corresponding relation between the force and the displacement curve in the compression process;
step S40: and connecting a control system with the drainage valve and the flowmeter device, debugging and correcting the control system, carrying out humidification tests at different drainage rates after the control system is stable, and researching the influence of the drainage rate on the humidification deformation of the rockfill material under the side limit compression condition.
The beneficial effects of the method are the same as those of the controllable drainage rate type rockfill side limit compression test device, and the discussion is not repeated here.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a controllable drainage rate type rockfill side-limit compression test apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the controlled discharge rate rockfill side limit compression test apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the drain portion of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a screen according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is an exploded view of the drain valve of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-a container; 11-a cylinder; 12-a filter screen; 13-water outlet; 2-a drain valve; 21-connecting pipe; 22-a valve blade; 23-blade upper rail; 24-under vane rail; 3-a flow meter device; 31-a hall flow meter; 32-a drain pipe; 4-a control system; 41-data collector; 42-controller.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise. The meaning of "a number" is one or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The first embodiment is as follows:
detailed description of the drawings referring to fig. 1 to 5, the invention provides a controllable drainage rate type rockfill side-limit compression test device, which comprises a container 1, a drainage valve 2, a flow meter device 3 for measuring instantaneous drainage and a control system 4;
the container 1 is provided with a water outlet 13, the drainage valve 2 is arranged at the water outlet 13, the flow meter device 3 is arranged on the drainage valve 2, the control system 4 is communicated with the flow meter device 3 and the drainage valve 2, and the control system 4 adjusts the actual opening amount of the drainage valve 2 when the instantaneous drainage amount of the flow meter device 3 changes according to the determined coefficient relation between the opening amount of the drainage valve 2 and the instantaneous drainage amount of the flow meter device 3.
The drainage rate controllable rockfill side-limit compression test device provided by the invention can accurately control the drainage rate during testing when the rockfill material is subjected to humidifying side-limit compression, and research the influence of the drainage rate on humidifying deformation of the rockfill material under the side-limit compression condition; the Hall flow meter is a measuring sensor with higher precision, is simple, easy to use, accurate, low in cost, small in volume and easy to integrate in various applications; the wall of the cylindrical container is made of transparent materials, so that the test phenomenon can be observed conveniently in the test. Above-mentioned controllable drainage rate formula rockfill material lateral confinement compression test device simple structure, easily operation are favorable to developing of this field indoor test, are favorable to promoting the research in the aspect of the rockfill material theory of deformation, have very high practicality.
As an embodiment, the drain valve 2 includes a connection pipe 21, a valve vane 22, a vane upper rail 23, and a vane lower rail 24; the connecting pipe 21 is arranged on the upper blade track 23, the connecting pipe 21 is connected with the water outlet 13, the lower blade track 24 is arranged on the upper blade track 23, the valve blade 22 is arranged in a cavity defined by the upper blade track 23 and the lower blade track 24, and the opening amount of the valve is controlled by adjusting the opening degree of the valve blade 22 through the drain valve 2.
The upper and lower parts of the valve vane 22 are respectively provided with a cylindrical bulge which is respectively embedded into the upper vane track 23 and the lower vane track 24, and the upper vane track 23 is combined with the lower vane track 24 to provide a sliding track for the valve vane. The upper and lower tracks of the blade are different, when the upper track 23 of the blade and the lower track 24 of the blade rotate relatively, the valve blade 22 slides in the sliding track under the pushing of the lower track 24 of the blade, and through the set track, when the valve blade 22 slides along the track, an opening can be formed to realize opening and closing, and the adjustment can be better carried out according to the actual requirement under the control of the control system 4. Furthermore, the connecting pipe 21 is hermetically connected with the water outlet 13, so that water leakage can be effectively avoided, and the accuracy of an experimental result is ensured.
As an implementable embodiment, the flow meter device 3 includes a hall flow meter 31 and a drain pipe 32; the hall flowmeter 31 is mounted on the under-blade rail 24, the drain pipe 32 is connected to the hall flowmeter 31, and the drain pipe 32 communicates with the connection pipe 21.
The Hall flowmeter 31 used is a measuring sensor with higher precision, is simple, easy to use, accurate, low in cost, small in size, easy to integrate in various applications, and also effectively ensures the accuracy of experimental results.
In one embodiment, the hall flowmeter 31 is connected to the under-blade rail 24 by a screw.
And the threaded connection mode is adopted, so that the installation and the disassembly are simpler and more convenient, and the installation and the disassembly are also easy to maintain.
As an implementation, the control system 4 includes a data collector 41 and a controller 42; the data collector 41 is communicated with the Hall flow meter 31, and the controller 42 is communicated with the drain valve 2.
As an embodiment, the container 1 comprises a cylinder 11; the cylinder 11 is made of transparent organic glass, and the water outlet 13 is arranged on the cylinder 11.
The cylinder 11 is made of transparent organic glass, so that the cylinder 11 has the excellent characteristics of high transparency, high mechanical strength, light weight, easiness in processing and the like. Further, the water outlet 13 is disposed at the bottom of the cylinder 11, so that water in the cylinder 11 can better flow out through the water outlet 13.
As an embodiment, the container 1 further comprises a sieve 12; a sieve 12 is mounted in the cylinder 11 and covers the water outlet 13.
The setting of filter screen 12 can effectually avoid the particulate material that awaits measuring to pass the apopore and enter into drainage valve 2 in, guaranteed the pureness of the water that flows, guarantee the accuracy of testing result.
Example two:
on the basis of the controllable drainage rate type rockfill side limit compression test device in the first embodiment, the controllable drainage rate type rockfill side limit compression test method is further provided, and the method comprises the following steps:
step S10: connecting a drainage valve, a container and a flowmeter device in a combined manner;
step S20: slowly putting the particle material to be detected into a container, and injecting water into the container;
s30, performing a lateral confinement compression test on the particle material to be tested in the container, and recording the corresponding relation between the force and the displacement curve in the compression process;
step S40: the control system is connected with the drainage valve and the flow meter device, the control system is debugged and corrected, after the control system is stable, humidification tests at different drainage rates are carried out, and the influence of the drainage rate on the humidifying deformation of the rockfill material under the side limit compression condition is researched.
The drainage rate controllable rockfill material side limit compression test method provided by the invention can accurately control the drainage rate in a rockfill material humidifying side limit compression test, and research the influence of the drainage rate on the humidifying deformation of the rockfill material under the side limit compression condition; the Hall flow meter is a measuring sensor with higher precision, is simple, easy to use, accurate, low in cost, small in volume and easy to integrate in various applications; the wall of the cylindrical container is made of transparent materials, so that the test phenomenon can be observed conveniently in the test. The controllable drainage rate type rockfill material lateral confinement compression test method is easy to operate, is beneficial to development of indoor tests in the field, is beneficial to promotion of research on rockfill material deformation theory, and has high practicability.
The invention can carry out the confined compression test on the rockfill particle materials with different shapes. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention, for example: the valve blade pattern is feasible by adopting other blade patterns on the premise of not influencing the implementation of the test process. It is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A controllable drainage rate type rockfill material lateral confinement compression test device is characterized by comprising a container, a drainage valve, a flowmeter device for measuring instantaneous drainage and a control system;
be provided with the delivery port on the container, drainage valve installs delivery port department, the flowmeter device is installed drainage valve is last, control system with the flowmeter device and drainage valve intercommunication, control system is according to definite drainage valve opening amount with the coefficient relation of flowmeter device instantaneous displacement when the instantaneous displacement of flowmeter device changes, adjust drainage valve's actual opening amount.
2. The controlled drainage rate rockfill lateral confinement compression test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the drainage valve comprises a connecting pipe, a valve vane, a vane upper track and a vane lower track;
the connecting pipe is arranged on the blade upper track and connected with the water outlet, the blade lower track is arranged on the blade upper track, the valve blade is arranged in a cavity defined by the blade upper track and the blade lower track, and the opening degree of the valve blade is adjusted by the drainage valve to control the opening amount of the valve.
3. The controlled drainage rate rockfill lateral confinement compression test apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the flow meter means includes a hall flow meter and a drain pipe;
the Hall flow meter is installed on the lower track of the blade, the drain pipe is connected with the Hall flow meter, and the drain pipe is communicated with the connecting pipe.
4. The controllable drainage rate rockfill lateral confinement compression test device of claim 3, wherein the Hall flow meter is in threaded connection with the under-vane rail.
5. The controllable drainage rate rockfill lateral limit compression test device of claim 4, wherein the control system comprises a data collector and a controller;
the data collector is communicated with the Hall flow meter, and the controller is communicated with the drainage valve.
6. The controlled rate draft rockfill side-limiting compression test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said container comprises a cylinder;
the cylinder is made of transparent organic glass, and the water outlet is formed in the cylinder.
7. The controlled drainage rate rockfill side-limiting compression test apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the container further comprises a screen;
the filter screen is installed in the cylinder and covers the water outlet.
8. An experimental method based on the controllable drainage rate type rockfill side limit compression test device of any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S10: connecting a drainage valve, a container and a flowmeter device in a combined manner;
step S20: slowly putting the particle material to be detected into the container, and injecting water into the container;
s30, performing a lateral confinement compression test on the particle material to be tested in the container, and recording the corresponding relation between the force and the displacement curve in the compression process;
step S40: and connecting a control system with the drainage valve and the flowmeter device, debugging and correcting the control system, carrying out humidification experiments at different drainage rates after the control system is stable, and researching the influence of the drainage rate on the humidification deformation of the rockfill material under the side limit compression condition.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210071651.4A CN114414375B (en) | 2022-01-21 | 2022-01-21 | Device and method for lateral limit compression test of rock-fill material with controllable drainage rate |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210071651.4A CN114414375B (en) | 2022-01-21 | 2022-01-21 | Device and method for lateral limit compression test of rock-fill material with controllable drainage rate |
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| CN114414375B CN114414375B (en) | 2024-01-12 |
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