CN114413619B - 一种危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114413619B
CN114413619B CN202210156919.4A CN202210156919A CN114413619B CN 114413619 B CN114413619 B CN 114413619B CN 202210156919 A CN202210156919 A CN 202210156919A CN 114413619 B CN114413619 B CN 114413619B
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张�林
刘忠珍
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Abstract

本发明涉及锆刚玉莫来石砖技术领域,且公开了一种危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖及制备方法,向电炉内加入氧化铝、碱粉、锆英砂等原料,将原料经高温氧化熔融,将氧气鼓入熔体,再将熔融液由电炉直接浇入铸型中,铸件浇铸完毕,冷缩一段时间后,在其出现的缩孔里再铸满熔液,通过在浇铸前预先冷却铸型,达到增大铸件与铸型间的温差,减小铸件由表向里的凝固区的宽度,以减缓铸件的凝固收缩速度,降低铸件核心部分最后凝固时出现热裂的可能,同时在浇铸过程中,对铸型外部对铸型进行冷却,避免铸型温度升高而造成其材料组成物分解气化而与熔融液发生化学反应,降低铸件出现气孔层或浇铸不足的可能。

Description

一种危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及锆刚玉莫来石砖技术领域,具体是涉及一种危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖及制备方法。
背景技术
锆刚玉砖是指利用工业氧化铝粉和精选锆英石砂为原料,制成的ZrO2含量为33%-45%的耐火制品。锆刚玉砖主要用于玻璃工业池窑。锆刚玉砖又称电熔砖英文缩写是AZS,是按Al2O3-ZrO2-SiO2三元系相图的三个化学成分,依其含量多少顺序排列的,Al2O3取A,ZrO2取Z,SiO2取S,国家标准采用这个缩写,例如33号熔铸锆刚玉砖,缩写为AZS—33#,36号熔铸锆刚玉砖,缩写为AZS—36#,41号熔铸锆刚玉砖,缩写为AZS—41#根据防火要求,一般有A1级防火型不燃型和B1阻燃型,密闭型和非密闭型。
常见的危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖一般在浇铸过程中,铸件在浇铸过程中被加热,使得其材料组成物分解气化,与熔融液发生化学反应,使型腔内气压增加,对充型不利。严重时会出现涨型,是铸件有气孔层或浇铸不足等缺陷,为此提出一种危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖及制备方法。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖及制备方法,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述的目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖,包括基砖,所述基砖的表面两侧均留设有凹槽,所述基砖的底部固定有底砖,且底砖与基砖之间为一体压铸连接,所述底砖的一侧留设有插槽,所述底砖的另一侧固定有与插槽相配合的凸块。
优选的,所述基砖的外沿采用阶梯状设置。
优选的,所述凸块与底砖之间为一体化设置,且凸块与插槽相插接。
一种危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、熔融前准备;
S101、向电炉内加入氧化铝、碱粉、锆英砂原料;
S102、炉嘴清理;
S103、将炉嘴表面进行接地处理;
S2、熔融:
S201、将原料经高温氧化熔融;
S202、将氧气鼓入熔体;
S3、浇铸;
S301、将铸型进行预先冷却;
S302、将铸型固定在震荡组件上,将熔融液由电炉直接浇入铸型中;
S303、开启震荡组件;
S4、补浇;
铸件浇铸完毕,冷缩一段时间后,在其出现的缩孔里再铸满熔液;
S5、保温退火;
在铸型中保温退火,冷却后加工成产品。
优选的,步骤S1中,将锆英石砂和工业氧化铝粉按重量比1:1配合,外加重量为固体物料30%-50%的Na2O、B2O3的混合熔剂,与固体物料混合均匀;
步骤S102中,在熔融前对炉嘴区上附着的生料或石墨炉嘴氧化露头粉末进行清理。
优选的,步骤S201中,原料在电炉中经1700~1900℃熔化至熔融状态;
步骤S202中,将原料融化结束之后再将氧气鼓入熔体,熔体中的微量炭经过与氧气接触而燃烧逸出。
优选的,步骤S3中,采用冒口浇铸法进行熔融液的浇铸;
步骤S301中,浇铸前首先对铸型进行冷却,使铸型与熔融液间存在温差;
步骤S302中,在浇铸进行的同时,也对铸型外部进行冷却;
步骤S303中,震荡组件包括装设在铸型两侧的震荡模块,同时铸型的底部加设有支撑弹簧件。
优选的,步骤S1中,炉嘴的外周加设有清扫组件以及热风鼓吹风机,且风机的出风风向低于炉嘴的出料底端;
炉嘴的整体呈漏斗形,且顶部凸起并一体式开设有鼓气通道,鼓气通道的进气端填塞有耐高温堵头,外部拆卸式装设有加压气泵。
优选的,步骤S3中,震荡组件为与浇铸模具连接的偏心震动机构,且震荡组件的上表面与浇铸模具的接触部位内部加设有电加热管件,震荡组件的两侧均装设有电控冷风机;
浇铸模具的外表面电接触连接有接地组件。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、该危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖及制备方法,通过在浇铸前预先冷却铸型,达到增大铸件与铸型间的温差,减小铸件由表向里的凝固区的宽度,以减缓铸件的凝固收缩速度,降低铸件核心部分最后凝固时出现热裂的可能,同时在浇铸过程中,对铸型外部对铸型进行冷却,避免铸型温度升高而造成其材料组成物分解气化而与熔融液发生化学反应,保证了熔融液充型的顺利进行,降低铸件出现气孔层或浇铸不足的可能。
2、该危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖及制备方法,通过在基砖顶部留设凹槽,便于用户使用时对砖块进行拿取,同时在砖块使用过程中,通过两砖块首尾插槽与凸块间的连接配合,便于对砖块连接时对其进行预固定,同时提高了砖块在拼接使用时的牢固性。
3、该危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖及制备方法,通过在熔融前对炉嘴区上附着的生料或石墨炉嘴氧化露头粉末进行清理,避免粉末杂质随熔液进入铸型中而使得熔液黏度大导致气泡不能上浮的现象发生,减少了气孔的产生,提高了铸件的致密性。
4、该危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖及制备方法,通过在浇铸过程中对铸型进行震荡,使得铸件在浇铸过程中产生的气泡气孔受力上浮,对气泡进行消除,降低气泡对砖块致密性的影响,进一步提高锆刚玉莫来石砖的制备质量。
5、该危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖及制备方法,通过将炉嘴接地,在熔液流经炉嘴时,可由接地线将熔液所带的电导向底面,避免带电浇铸,消除了在电极同熔液继续反应的情况下使料液致密性下降的影响;
6、加设的清扫组件以及热风鼓吹风机,用于实时的对炉嘴进行除尘清理,炉嘴顶部开设鼓气通道并连接加压气泵,在浇铸完成后,能够采用鼓气的方式将炉嘴内残留的物料顶出清理,避免熔融液降温后发生堵塞事故,加设的加热机构,能够对模具内物料进行辅助加温,避免速冷导致震荡除气泡不充分,浇铸完成后再开启降温机构,又保证了物料的速冷成型。
附图说明
图1是本发明一种危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖的正视结构示意图;
图2是本发明一种危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖的侧视结构示意图;
图3是本发明一种危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖的制备方法的流程图。
包括:1、基砖;2、凹槽;3、底砖;4、插槽;5、凸块。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
一种危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖,包括基砖1,基砖1的外沿采用阶梯状设置,基砖1的表面两侧均留设有凹槽2,基砖1的底部固定有底砖3,且底砖3与基砖1之间为一体压铸连接,底砖3的一侧留设有插槽4,底砖3的另一侧固定有与插槽4相配合的凸块5,凸块5与底砖3之间为一体化设置,且凸块5与插槽4相插接。
一种危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤;
S1、熔融前准备;
S101、向电炉内加入氧化铝、碱粉、锆英砂原料;
将精选的锆英石砂和工业氧化铝粉按重量比1:1配合,外加重量为固体物料30%的Na2O(以碳酸钠的形式加入)、B2O3(以硼酸或硼砂的形式加入)的混合熔剂,与固体物料混合均匀;
S102、炉嘴清理;
在熔融前对炉嘴区上附着的生料或石墨炉嘴氧化露头粉末进行清理;
对炉嘴进行清理,以保证熔液通道的清洁,避免粉末杂质随熔液进入铸型中而使得熔液黏度大,气泡不能上浮,减少了气孔的产生,提高了铸件的致密性;
炉嘴的外周加设有清扫组件以及热风鼓吹风机,且风机的出风风向低于炉嘴的出料底端,用于实时的对炉嘴进行除尘清理;
炉嘴的整体呈漏斗形,且顶部凸起并一体式开设有鼓气通道,鼓气通道的进气端填塞有耐高温堵头,外部拆卸式装设有加压气泵,浇铸完成后,采用鼓气的方式将炉嘴内残留的物料顶出清理,避免熔融液降温后发生堵塞事故。
S103、将炉嘴表面进行接地处理;
将炉嘴接地,在熔液流经炉嘴时,可由接地线将熔液所带的电导向底面,避免带电浇铸,消除了在电极同熔液继续反应的情况下使料液致密性下降的影响;
S2、熔融:
S201、将原料经高温氧化熔融;
原料在电炉中经1700℃熔化至熔融状态;
S202、将氧气鼓入熔体;
将原料还原融化结束之后再将氧气鼓入熔体,熔体中的微量炭经过与氧气接触而燃烧逸出;
S3、浇铸;
S301、将铸型进行预先冷却;
浇铸前首先对铸型进行冷却,使铸型与熔融液间存在温差;
S302、将铸型固定在震荡组件上,将熔融液由电炉直接浇入铸型中;
采用冒口浇铸法进行熔融液的浇铸,并在浇铸进行的同时,也对铸型外部进行冷却;
铸件采用普通的冒口浇铸,并在热态时铲除冒口,其断面分为两个部分,一部分先固化,结晶细密,该区占铸件厚度的40%-50%,另一部分后固化,存在缩孔和粗大结晶,用这种方法浇铸的砖价格较低,多用于窑的上部结构,澄清池壁等处;
S303、开启震荡组件;
通过震荡组件上的震荡模块带动铸型进行震荡;
在浇铸过程中对铸型进行震荡,使得铸件在浇铸过程中产生的气泡气孔受力上浮,对气泡进行消除,降低气泡对砖块致密性的影响,进一步提高锆刚玉莫来石砖的制备质量;
震荡组件为与浇铸模具连接的偏心震动机构,且震荡组件的上表面与浇铸模具的接触部位内部加设有电加热管件,震荡组件的两侧均装设有电控冷风机,工作时先开启加热机构,能够对模具内物料进行辅助加温,避免速冷导致震荡除气泡不充分,浇铸完成后再开启降温机构,又保证了物料的速冷成型;
浇铸模具的外表面电接触连接有接地组件,避免带电浇铸导致物料因电吸附而集聚变形。
S4、补浇;
铸件浇铸完毕,冷缩一段时间后,在其出现的缩孔里再铸满熔液;
当铸件浇铸完毕,冷缩后其内壁出现的缩孔时,对铸件进行补浇,将铸件内部再铸满熔液,以减小铸件缩孔,提高铸件容重,保证铸件浇铸质量,以满足用户的后续生产加工需求,通常小型砖凝固很快,不能补浇,中型砖可以补浇,间隔时间较短,只有大型砖补浇时间较长,且可对铸件进行连续的多次补浇以提高产品容重;
S5、保温退火;
在铸型中保温退火,冷却后加工成产品;
实施例二
与实施例一的区别在于:
S101、将精选的锆英石砂和工业氧化铝粉按重量比1:1配合,外加重量为固体物料40%的Na2O(以碳酸钠的形式加入)、B2O3(以硼酸或硼砂的形式加入)的混合熔剂,与固体物料混合均匀;
S2、熔融:
S201、将原料经高温氧化熔融;
原料在电炉中经1800℃熔化至熔融状态
S202、将氧气鼓入熔体;
将原料还原融化结束之后再将氧气鼓入熔体,熔体中的微量炭经过与氧气接触而燃烧逸出。
实施例三
与实施例一和二的区别在于;
S101、将精选的锆英石砂和工业氧化铝粉按重量比1:1配合,外加重量为固体物料50%的Na2O(以碳酸钠的形式加入)、B2O3(以硼酸或硼砂的形式加入)的混合熔剂,与固体物料混合均匀;
S2、熔融:
S201、将原料经高温氧化熔融;
原料在电炉中经1900℃熔化至熔融状态
S202、将氧气鼓入熔体;
将原料还原融化结束之后再将氧气鼓入熔体,熔体中的微量炭经过与氧气接触而燃烧逸出。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (2)

1.一种危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖,包括基砖(1),其特征在于:所述基砖(1)的表面两侧均留设有凹槽(2),所述基砖(1)的底部固定有底砖(3),且底砖(3)与基砖(1)之间为一体压铸连接,所述底砖(3)的一侧留设有插槽(4),所述底砖(3)的另一侧固定有与插槽(4)相配合的凸块(5);
所述基砖(1)的外沿采用阶梯状设置;
所述凸块(5)与底砖(3)之间为一体化设置,且凸块(5)与插槽(4)相插接;
所述的一种危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、熔融前准备;
S101、向电炉内加入氧化铝、碱粉、锆英砂原料;
S102、炉嘴清理;
S103、将炉嘴表面进行接地处理;
S2、熔融:
S201、将原料经高温氧化熔融;
S202、 将氧气鼓入熔体;
S3、浇铸;
S301、将铸型进行预先冷却;
S302、将铸型固定在震荡组件上,将熔融液由电炉直接浇入铸型中;
S303、开启震荡组件;
S4、补浇;
铸件浇铸完毕,冷缩一段时间后,在其出现的缩孔里再铸满熔液;
S5、保温退火;
在铸型中保温退火,冷却后加工成产品;
步骤S1中,将锆英石砂和工业氧化铝粉按重量比1:1配合,外加重量为固体物料30%-50%的Na2O、B2O3的混合熔剂,与固体物料混合均匀;
步骤S102中,在熔融前对炉嘴区上附着的生料或石墨炉嘴氧化露头粉末进行清理;
步骤S201中,原料在电炉中经1700~1900℃熔化至熔融状态;
步骤S202中,将原料融化结束之后再将氧气鼓入熔体,熔体中的微量炭经过与氧气接触而燃烧逸出;
步骤S3中,采用冒口浇铸法进行熔融液的浇铸;
步骤S301中,浇铸前首先对铸型进行冷却,使铸型与熔融液间存在温差;
步骤S302中,在浇铸进行的同时,也对铸型外部进行冷却;
步骤S303中,震荡组件包括装设在铸型两侧的震荡模块,同时铸型的底部加设有支撑弹簧件;
步骤S3中,震荡组件为与浇铸模具连接的偏心震动机构,且震荡组件的上表面与浇铸模具的接触部位内部加设有电加热管件,震荡组件的两侧均装设有电控冷风机;
浇铸模具的外表面电接触连接有接地组件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种危险废物回转窑用锆刚玉莫来石砖的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,炉嘴的外周加设有清扫组件以及热风鼓吹风机,且风机的出风风向低于炉嘴的出料底端;
炉嘴的整体呈漏斗形,且顶部凸起并一体式开设有鼓气通道,鼓气通道的进气端填塞有耐高温堵头,外部拆卸式装设有加压气泵。
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