CN114411156A - Preparation method of wear-resistant casting for complex conditions and wear-resistant casting - Google Patents
Preparation method of wear-resistant casting for complex conditions and wear-resistant casting Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F17/00—Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by subclass C21D or C22F or class C25
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D30/00—Cooling castings, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D31/00—Cutting-off surplus material, e.g. gates; Cleaning and working on castings
- B22D31/002—Cleaning, working on castings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
- C21D11/005—Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
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Abstract
The application discloses a preparation method of a wear-resistant casting used under complex conditions and the wear-resistant casting, wherein the complex conditions are as follows: low temperature, moisture, impact and intense wear conditions. The preparation method can improve the wear resistance and reliability of the wear-resistant casting, and is simple in process and low in cost. A method of making a wear resistant casting for complex conditions comprising the steps of: casting a wear-resistant casting body; cooling the cast wear-resistant casting body by adopting a controlled cooling technology to ensure that the wear-resistant casting body obtains a flaky pearlite structure; overlaying a wear-resistant coating on the wear-resistant casting body to form a wear-resistant layer on the wear-resistant casting body; and carrying out heat treatment on the wear-resistant casting after surfacing, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 500-650 ℃, so that a transition layer is formed between the wear-resistant layer and the wear-resistant casting body while the welding stress is eliminated, wherein the hardness of the transition layer is greater than that of the wear-resistant casting body, and the hardness of the transition layer is less than that of the wear-resistant layer.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of mining machinery and engineering machinery, in particular to a preparation method of a wear-resistant casting used under complex conditions and the wear-resistant casting.
Background
Mining and engineering machinery have a large number of wear-resistant castings, which determine the operating efficiency and reliability of mechanical equipment, such as the crushing hammers and the crushing plates of crushers, the shovel teeth of loaders and excavators, and the cutting heads of excavators and coal mining machines. The structural parts are directly contacted with ores, so that serious abrasive wear, impact wear, corrosion wear and the like are generated, and the cold brittleness phenomenon is generated under a low-temperature environment, so that tooth breakage and accelerated wear are caused. When the abrasion amount reaches a certain degree, the machine loses the due efficacy and function.
The existing wear-resistant castings are generally an integral wear-resistant part and a coating wear-resistant part. The integral wear-resistant parts comprise wear-resistant steel castings and wear-resistant iron castings, and are generally high-carbon high-manganese high-chromium castings or high-carbon medium-manganese medium-chromium castings. The coating wear-resistant part is usually a medium-low carbon steel casting, and a wear-resistant layer is formed on a part easy to wear by surfacing, laser cladding, plasma cladding, induction cladding and the like. The casting and surfacing technology has the advantages of being more advantageous for wear-resistant parts which are large in usage amount and wear amount and have low requirements on surface machining accuracy, the thickness, hardness and wear resistance of the wear-resistant layer can be more conveniently regulated and controlled, and the cost is low.
However, the composition, property control and wear layer composition, property control of wear-resistant castings and the matching between the two, especially the transition between the wear layer and the matrix, seriously affect the wear resistance and use of wear-resistant castings. The wear-resistant casting in the related technology is easy to lose effectiveness due to the falling of the wear-resistant layer under special conditions such as low-temperature environment, and the service life of the wear-resistant casting is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a preparation method of a wear-resistant casting used under complex conditions, a preparation method of the wear-resistant casting and the wear-resistant casting, and aims to improve the wear resistance of the wear-resistant casting.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the present application adopts the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a wear-resistant casting for complex conditions, the wear-resistant casting comprising a wear-resistant casting body, a wear-resistant layer and a transition layer, the transition layer being located between the wear-resistant casting body and the wear-resistant layer, the method comprising the steps of: casting a wear-resistant casting body; cooling the cast wear-resistant casting body by adopting a controlled cooling technology to ensure that the wear-resistant casting body obtains a flaky pearlite structure; overlaying a wear-resistant material on the wear-resistant casting body to form a wear-resistant layer on the wear-resistant casting body; and carrying out heat treatment on the wear-resistant casting after surfacing, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 500-650 ℃, so that a transition layer is formed between the wear-resistant layer and the wear-resistant casting body while welding stress is eliminated, wherein the hardness of the transition layer is greater than that of the wear-resistant casting body, and the hardness of the transition layer is less than that of the wear-resistant layer.
The utility model provides a preparation method for wear-resisting foundry goods of complex condition, through form the transition layer between wearing layer and wear-resisting foundry goods body, and make in the direction from inside to outside, wear-resisting foundry goods body, the transition layer, the hardness of wearing layer is the gradient increase, can make to form good transition between the hardness of wear-resisting foundry goods body and the hardness of wearing layer, make the performance of wearing layer and the performance of wear-resisting foundry goods body match more, can effectively avoid the hardness between wear-resisting foundry goods body and the wearing layer to differ too greatly and the phenomenon that appears collapsing teeth, and can reduce the restraint of the hardness of wearing part body to the wearing layer hardness, be favorable to increasing the hardness number of wearing layer, can improve the wearability and the reliability of wear-resisting foundry goods.
In a possible design manner of the first aspect, the average hardness HRC of the wear-resistant casting body is greater than or equal to 30, and the average hardness HRC of the wear-resistant layer is 55-65.
In a possible design manner of the first aspect, the cooling treatment of the wear-resistant casting body formed by casting by using a controlled cooling technology comprises the following steps: cooling the cast wear-resistant casting body to a first cooling temperature by adopting a first cooling method, wherein the cooling speed of the first cooling method is a first cooling speed; and cooling the wear-resistant casting body from the first cooling temperature to room temperature by adopting a second cooling method, wherein the cooling speed of the second cooling method is a second cooling speed, and the second cooling speed is greater than the first cooling speed.
In a possible design manner of the first aspect, the first cooling method is a natural cooling method, the second cooling method is a water-mist mixed two-phase flow cooling method, and the water content in the water-mist mixed two-phase flow is 1% to 10%.
In a possible design manner of the first aspect, the wear-resistant casting body is medium carbon alloy steel containing chromium, the mass fraction of carbon in the wear-resistant casting body is 0.2% -0.5%, and the mass fraction of chromium is 2.2% -5.5%.
In a possible design manner of the first aspect, the mass fraction of carbon in the wear-resistant layer is greater than the mass fraction of carbon in the wear-resistant casting body, and the mass fraction of chromium in the wear-resistant layer is greater than the mass fraction of chromium in the wear-resistant casting body.
In a possible design manner of the first aspect, the wear-resistant layer includes a first wear-resistant layer and a second wear-resistant layer, and a wear-resistant material is deposited on a wearable portion of the wear-resistant casting so as to form the wear-resistant layer on the wearable portion, and the method includes: overlaying a first wear-resistant material on the easily worn part to form the first wear-resistant layer on the easily worn part, wherein the mass fraction of carbon in the first wear-resistant layer is 1.5-2.3%, the mass fraction of chromium is 9.0-19.0%, the mass fraction of silicon is less than or equal to 2.5%, and the mass fraction of manganese is less than or equal to 2.5%; overlaying a second wear-resistant material on the first wear-resistant layer to form the second wear-resistant layer on the first wear-resistant layer, wherein the mass fraction of carbon in the second wear-resistant layer is 2.3-3.5%, the mass fraction of chromium is 10-2%, the mass fraction of silicon is less than or equal to 2.5%, and the mass fraction of manganese is less than or equal to 2.5%.
In a possible design manner of the first aspect, the thickness of the first wear-resistant layer is 2mm to 3mm, the thickness of the second wear-resistant layer is 2mm to 3mm, and the thickness of the wear-resistant layer is greater than or equal to 5 mm.
In a possible design manner of the first aspect, before overlaying a wear-resistant material on a wear-prone portion of the wear-resistant casting, the wear-prone portion is subjected to preheating treatment, wherein the preheating temperature is 300-600 ℃.
The beneficial effect of this application:
the application discloses a preparation method of a wear-resistant casting suitable for complex conditions such as low temperature, high humidity, impact, strong abrasion and the like. The core of the application is that reasonable performance matching is achieved between the matrix wear-resistant casting body and the wear-resistant layer. The wear-resistant casting body is low-medium carbon cast steel containing chromium (Cr), lost foam casting is adopted, and the cooling of the wear-resistant casting body is controlled by adopting a cooling control technology so as to obtain required microstructure and performance. The wear-resistant layer is made of medium-high carbon (C) and high chromium (Cr) wear-resistant cast iron, and is built-up welded on the easily-worn part of the wear-resistant casting body by a build-up welding method.
The method achieves proper hardness gradient transition from the base body to the surface layer, namely the wear-resistant casting body, the transition layer and the wear-resistant layer, by controlling the surfacing welding process and the subsequent heat treatment process. The preparation method has the advantages of simple process, low cost and the like, and is particularly suitable for processing large-scale mine and engineering machinery crushing parts used in working environments with large temperature difference and large humidity.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a wear resistant casting made by the method of making according to any one of the first aspects above. The beneficial effects brought by the wear-resistant casting in the second aspect can refer to the beneficial effects brought by different design manners in the first aspect, and are not repeated herein.
In a third aspect, the present application provides a wear-resistant casting, which includes a wear-resistant casting body, a wear-resistant layer, and a transition layer, wherein the transition layer is located between the wear-resistant casting body and the wear-resistant layer, the hardness of the transition layer is greater than the hardness of the wear-resistant casting body, and the hardness of the transition layer is less than the hardness of the wear-resistant layer.
The utility model provides a wear-resisting foundry goods, the wear-resisting foundry goods body, the transition layer, the hardness of wearing layer is the gradient increase, can be so that form good transition between the hardness of wear-resisting foundry goods body and the hardness of wearing layer, make the performance of wearing layer and the performance of wear-resisting foundry goods body match more, can effectively avoid the hardness between wear-resisting foundry goods body and the wearing layer to differ greatly and the phenomenon that the tooth collapses appears, and can reduce the hardness of wearing part body to the restraint of wearing layer hardness, be favorable to increasing the hardness number of wearing layer, can improve the wearability and the reliability of wear-resisting foundry goods.
In a possible design manner of the third aspect, the average hardness HRC of the wear-resistant casting body is greater than or equal to 30, and the average hardness HRC of the wear-resistant layer is 55-65.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a wear resistant casting provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram of a method of making a wear resistant casting for complex conditions provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a process flow diagram for cooling a cast wear-resistant casting body using a controlled cooling technique according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a process flow diagram for depositing a wear-resistant material on a wear-resistant casting body to form a wear-resistant layer on the wear-resistant casting body according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", "third", "fourth" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In the embodiment of the present application, "and/or" is only one kind of association relationship describing an association object, and indicates that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B may indicate: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.
The application provides a wear-resisting casting 100, wear-resisting casting 100 can be for the crushing tup of breaker, extrusion breaker plate, the forming relieved tooth of loader and excavator, the cutting head of entry driving machine and coal-winning machine etc..
Referring to FIG. 1, FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a wear resistant casting 100 according to an embodiment of the present application. The wear-resistant casting 100 comprises a wear-resistant casting body 1, a wear-resistant layer 2 and a transition layer 3. The transition layer 3 is positioned between the wear-resistant casting body 1 and the wear-resistant layer 2. Specifically, the wear-resistant casting body 1 is provided with a part easy to wear, and the transition layer 3 is positioned between the part easy to wear and the wear-resistant layer 2. Wherein the average hardness HRC of the transition layer 3 is greater than that of the wear-resistant casting body 1, and the hardness of the wear-resistant layer 2 is greater than that of the transition layer 3. The wear resistant casting 100 may be formed by the following method of making the wear resistant casting 100 for complex conditions, or by other methods of making.
The utility model provides a wear-resisting foundry goods 100, wear-resisting foundry goods body 1, transition layer 3, wearing layer 2's hardness is the gradient increase, can make and form good transition between wear-resisting foundry goods body 1's hardness and wearing layer 2's hardness, make wearing layer 2's performance and wear-resisting foundry goods body 1's performance match more, can effectively avoid the hardness between wear-resisting foundry goods body 1 and the wearing layer 2 to differ too greatly and the phenomenon that the tooth collapses appears, and can reduce the restraint of wear-resisting foundry goods body 1's hardness to wearing layer 2 hardness, be favorable to increasing wearing layer 2's hardness number, can improve wear resistance and reliability of wear-resisting foundry goods 100, make this wear-resisting foundry goods 100 can use under the complex condition. The complex conditions are: low temperature, moisture, impact and intense wear conditions. Herein, "low temperature" in the present application means a temperature of less than or equal to-20 ℃.
The present application also provides a method of making a wear resistant casting 100 for use in complex conditions.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a process flow diagram of a method for making a wear resistant casting 100 for complex conditions according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method of making a wear resistant casting 100 for complex conditions includes the steps of:
s100: and casting the wear-resistant casting body 1.
In some embodiments, the wear resistant cast body 1 may be cast using a lost foam. The lost foam casting is a near allowance-free and accurate forming process, and a mold does not need to be taken, a parting surface or a sand core, so that a casting does not have flash, burrs or draft inclination, and the size error caused by core combination is reduced. The roughness of the surface of the casting can reach Ra3.2-12.5 mu m; the size precision of the casting can reach CT 7-9; the machining allowance is 1.5 to 2mm at most, so that the machining cost can be greatly reduced. Compared with the traditional sand casting method, the machining time can be reduced by 40 to 50 percent.
S200: and cooling the cast wear-resistant casting body 1 by adopting a controlled cooling technology, so that the wear-resistant casting body 1 obtains a thin flake-shaped pearlite structure.
The "controlled cooling technique" refers to a cooling technique for controlling a phase transformation structure and steel properties of a steel material after hot working. The fine lamellar pearlite is a lamellar structure consisting of cementite and ferrite, and has the following properties: the fine lamellar pearlite has high hardness and strength.
Therefore, the cast wear-resistant casting body 1 is cooled by controlling the cooling technology, so that the wear-resistant casting body 1 can obtain a thin flake-shaped pearlite structure, and the hardness and the strength of the wear-resistant casting body 1 can be improved.
Illustratively, in some embodiments, the wear resistant casting body 1 has an average hardness HRC (rockwell hardness) greater than or equal to 30. The higher the HRC value, the higher the material hardness and the higher the wear resistance. In the present application, "average hardness HRC" may be an average of three or more hardness test values.
S300: and overlaying a wear-resistant material on the wear-resistant casting body 1 to form a wear-resistant layer 2 on the wear-resistant casting body 1. In some embodiments, a layered overlay welding method may be used to overlay multiple layers of wear-resistant materials on the wear-prone portion of the wear-resistant casting body 1. Illustratively, the wear-resistant material can be deposited by small-linear energy deposition, and the deposition is performed layer by layer, the thickness of each wear-resistant layer 2 is about 2 mm-3 mm, and the total thickness of the wear-resistant layers 2 is greater than or equal to 5 mm. Therefore, the wear-resistant material is overlaid on the easily-worn part of the wear-resistant casting body 1, so that the wear resistance of the wear-resistant casting 100 can be improved, the service life of the wear-resistant casting 100 can be prolonged, and the method is simple in process and low in cost.
S400: and (3) performing heat treatment on the wear-resistant casting 100 after surfacing, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 500-650 ℃, and specifically, the heat treatment temperature can be 500 ℃, 550 ℃, 600 ℃, 650 ℃ and the like. Specifically, the annealing time (i.e., heat treatment time) may be determined according to the size of the casting, and is generally not less than 2 hours. Thus, by controlling the heat treatment temperature to be 500-650 ℃, after the wear-resistant material is overlaid on the wear-resistant casting body 1, on one hand, the welding stress can be eliminated, and on the other hand, a transition layer 3 can be formed between the wear-resistant layer 2 and the wear-resistant casting body 1. The hardness of the transition layer 3 is greater than that of the wear-resistant casting body 1, and the hardness of the transition layer 3 is less than that of the wear-resistant layer 2.
In general, the higher the hardness of the material, the higher the wear resistance, but the greater the brittleness. The utility model provides a preparation method for wear-resisting foundry goods 100 of complex condition, through form transition layer 3 between wearing layer 2 and wear-resisting foundry goods body 1, and make in the direction from inside to outside, wear-resisting foundry goods body 1, transition layer 3, the hardness of wearing layer 2 is the gradient increase, can make to form good transition between the hardness of wear-resisting foundry goods body 1 and the hardness of wearing layer 2, make the performance of wearing layer 2 and the performance of wear-resisting foundry goods body 1 match more, can effectively avoid the hardness between wear-resisting foundry goods body 1 and the wearing layer 2 to differ greatly and the phenomenon that the tooth collapses appears, and can reduce the restraint of the hardness of wear-resisting foundry goods body 1 to wearing layer 2 hardness, be favorable to increasing the hardness number of wearing layer 2, can improve the wearability and the reliability of wear-resisting foundry goods 100. The preparation method has the advantages of simple process, low cost and the like, and is particularly suitable for processing large-scale mine and engineering machinery crushing parts used in working environments with large temperature difference and large humidity.
In some embodiments of the present application, the wear resistant casting body 1 has an average hardness HRC of greater than or equal to 30, in particular, the wear resistant casting body 1 may have an average hardness HRC of greater than or equal to 30 and less than or equal to 40. For example, the average hardness HRC of the wear resistant casting body 1 may be 30, 32, 35, 36, 38, 39, etc. The average hardness HRC of the wear-resistant layer 2 is 55-65. For example, the wear resistant layer 2 may have an average hardness HRC of 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 65, etc. The transition layer 3 has an average hardness HRC of 40 to 50. For example, the transition layer 3 may have an average hardness HRC of 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, etc. Illustratively, the wear-resistant casting body 1 has an average hardness HRC of 30, the transition layer 3 has an average hardness of 45, and the wear-resistant layer 2 has an average hardness HRC of 60.
Like this, can be so that the hardness of wear-resisting foundry goods body 1, transition layer 3, wearing layer 2 is suitable gradient transition, can improve the wear resistance of wear-resisting foundry goods 100 when, improve the reliability of being connected between wearing layer 2 and the wear-resisting foundry goods body 1, avoid wear-resisting foundry goods 100 effectively to lose efficacy because of wearing layer 2 collapses the tooth, drops, prolonged the life of wear-resisting foundry goods 100, reduced use cost.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a process flow chart of cooling the cast wear-resistant casting body 1 by using a controlled cooling technique according to an embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments of the present application, the cast wear-resistant casting body 1 is cooled by a controlled cooling technique, which includes:
s201, cooling the cast wear-resistant casting body 1 to a first cooling temperature by adopting a first cooling method, wherein the cooling speed of the first cooling method is a first cooling speed;
s202, cooling the wear-resistant casting body 1 from the first cooling temperature to room temperature by adopting a second cooling method, wherein the cooling speed of the second cooling method is a second cooling speed, and the second cooling speed is greater than the first cooling speed.
In some embodiments, the first cooling method may be a natural cooling method or an air-cooled cooling method. That is, the wear-resistant casting body 1 formed by casting is placed in equipment to be cooled to a first cooling temperature through heat exchange with air. Optionally, the first cooling temperature is 850 ℃ to 950 ℃. Illustratively, the first cooling temperature is 900 ℃.
The second cooling method can be a water-mist mixed two-phase flow cooling method, and the water content in the water-mist mixed two-phase flow is 1-10%. Specifically, the process flow of the water-mist mixed two-phase flow cooling method comprises the following steps: adding 1-10% of water into the airflow to form water-mist two-phase airflow, and then spraying the water-mist two-phase airflow onto the wear-resistant casting body 1 until the wear-resistant casting body 1 is cooled to room temperature. Therefore, the cooling rate of the wear-resistant casting body 1 is convenient to control, the cooling rate of the wear-resistant casting body 1 is controlled in the middle and lower region of the pearlite transformation region temperature, the wear-resistant casting body 1 obtains a fine flake pearlite type structure, the HRC (hardness degree) of the wear-resistant casting body 1 can be larger than or equal to 30, and the toughness of the wear-resistant casting body 1 can be improved.
In some embodiments, the wear resistant casting body 1 is a chromium-containing medium carbon alloy steel, the mass fraction of carbon in the wear resistant casting body 1 is 0.2% to 0.5%, and the mass fraction of chromium is 2.2% to 5.5%. For example, the average mass fraction of carbon in the wear resistant casting body 1 may be 0.23%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.28%, 0.3%, 0.32%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.4%, 0.45%, 0.5%, etc. The average mass fraction of chromium may be 2.2%, 2.5%, 2.8, 3.0%, 3.2%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, etc. Thus, the hardness of the wear-resistant casting body 1 is improved.
The "average mass fraction of carbon" referred to herein means the average of the mass fractions of carbon in three or more samples. Similarly, "average mass fraction of chromium" refers to the average of the mass fractions of chromium in three or more samples, and "average mass fraction of silicon" refers to the average of the mass fractions of silicon in three or more samples.
Further, the average mass fraction of carbon in the wear-resistant layer 2 is greater than the average mass fraction of carbon in the wear-resistant casting body 1, and the average mass fraction of chromium in the wear-resistant layer 2 is greater than the average mass fraction of chromium in the wear-resistant casting body 1. Like this, in the build-up welding process, the molecule in the wear-resisting material easily diffuses to wear-resisting casting body 1 in, is convenient for form transition layer 3 between wear-resisting casting body 1 and wearing layer 2, and can make the hardness of transition layer 3 be greater than the hardness of wear-resisting casting body 1, the hardness of transition layer 3 is less than the hardness of wearing layer 2. That is, the hardness of the wear-resistant casting body 1, the transition layer 3 and the wear-resistant layer 2 is increased in sequence. From this, can make the composition, the performance of wearing layer 2 and the composition, the performance of wear-resisting foundry goods body 1 match more, can effectively avoid the hardness between wear-resisting foundry goods body 1 and the wearing layer 2 to differ too greatly and the phenomenon that the tooth collapses appears, and can reduce the restraint of the hardness of wear-resisting foundry goods body 1 to wearing layer 2 hardness, be favorable to increasing the hardness number of wearing layer 2, can improve the wearability and the reliability of wear-resisting foundry goods 100.
It will be appreciated that when the wear resistant layer 2 is a multilayer, the average mass fraction of carbon in the wear resistant layer 2 is the average of the average mass fractions of carbon in the multilayer wear resistant layer 2 and the average mass fraction of chromium is the average of the average mass fractions of chromium in the multilayer wear resistant layer 2.
Referring to fig. 1, in some embodiments, the wear-resistant layer 2 includes a first wear-resistant layer 21 and a second wear-resistant layer 22, and the second wear-resistant layer 22 is located on a side of the first wear-resistant layer 21 away from the wear-resistant casting body 1. Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a flowchart of a process for depositing a wear-resistant material on a wear-resistant casting body 1 to form a wear-resistant layer 2 on the wear-resistant casting body 1 according to an embodiment of the present application.
Build-up welding wear-resistant material at the easy wearing part of wear-resistant casting body 1 to form wearing layer 2 at the easy wearing part, include:
s301: overlaying a first wear-resistant material on the wear-resistant casting body 1 to form a first wear-resistant layer 21 on the wear-resistant casting body 1, wherein the mass fraction of carbon in the first wear-resistant layer 21 is 1.5-2.3%, the mass fraction of chromium is 9.0-19.0%, the mass fraction of silicon is less than or equal to 2.5%, and the mass fraction of manganese is less than or equal to 2.5%. Specifically, the first wear-resistant material is welded at the easily-worn part of the wear-resistant casting body 1 by adopting small linear energy. For example, the first wear-resistant material may be welded to the wear-prone part of the wear-resistant casting body 1 by arc welding.
S302: overlaying a second wear-resistant material on the first wear-resistant layer 21 to form a second wear-resistant layer 22 on the first wear-resistant layer 21, wherein the mass fraction of carbon in the second wear-resistant layer 22 is 2.3-3.5%, the mass fraction of chromium is 10-20%, the mass fraction of silicon is less than or equal to 2.5%, and the mass fraction of manganese is less than or equal to 2.5%. Specifically, the second wear-resistant material is welded to the first wear-resistant layer 21 with a small amount of heat input. For example, the second wear-resistant material may be welded to the first wear-resistant layer 21 by arc welding.
Like this, adopt the mode of layered build-up welding to weld first abrasive material and second abrasive material in proper order in the position of wearing and tearing, can reduce the build-up welding degree of difficulty, optimize welding process, can improve wearing layer 2 and wear-resisting casting body 1's reliability of being connected, reduce the processing cost.
In addition, because the components of the wear-resistant casting body 1, the first wear-resistant layer 21 and the second wear-resistant layer 22 are the same in type, and the mass fractions of carbon in the wear-resistant casting body 1, the first wear-resistant layer 21 and the second wear-resistant layer 22 are sequentially increased, and the mass fractions of chromium in the wear-resistant casting body 1, the first wear-resistant layer 21 and the second wear-resistant layer 22 are sequentially increased, in the surfacing process, the transition between the first wear-resistant layer 21 and the wear-resistant casting body 1 is favorably formed, and the transition between the second wear-resistant layer 22 and the first wear-resistant layer 21 is favorably formed, the purpose that the hardness of the wear-resistant casting body 1, the transition layer 3 and the wear-resistant layer 2 is increased in a gradient manner can be achieved, the connection reliability between the first wear-resistant layer 21 and the wear-resistant casting body 1 can be improved, the connection reliability between the second wear-resistant layer 22 and the first wear-resistant layer 21 can be improved, and the first wear-resistant layer 21 and the second wear-resistant layer 22 can be prevented from falling off, the wear resistance of the wear-resistant casting 100 is improved, so that the wear-resistant casting 100 can be used for crushing parts of large mines and engineering machinery, can be used in environments with high humidity and high humidity, and prolongs the service life of the wear-resistant casting 100.
In some embodiments, the first wear layer 21 has a thickness of 2mm to 3 mm. The total thickness of the wear resistant layer 2 is greater than or equal to 5 mm. Illustratively, the thickness of the first wear layer 21 may be 2.0mm, 2.1mm, 2.2mm, 2.3mm, 2.4mm, 2.5mm, 2.6mm, 2.7mm, 2.8mm, 2.9mm, 3.0mm, etc. The thickness of the second wear layer 22 is 2mm to 3mm, and illustratively, the thickness of the second wear layer 22 may be 2.0mm, 2.1mm, 2.2mm, 2.3mm, 2.4mm, 2.5mm, 2.6mm, 2.7mm, 2.8mm, 2.9mm, 3.0mm, and the like. Therefore, the surfacing difficulty can be reduced, the welding process can be optimized, and the processing cost can be reduced.
In some embodiments, before overlaying the wear-resistant material on the easy-to-wear part of the wear-resistant casting body 1, the easy-to-wear part is subjected to preheating treatment, wherein the preheating temperature is 300-600 ℃. Optionally, the preheating temperature can be 300 ℃, 330 ℃, 350 ℃, 400 ℃, 450 ℃, 500 ℃, 550 ℃, 600 ℃ and the like. Specifically, in this embodiment, before the first wear-resistant material is deposited on the wear-prone portion of the wear-resistant casting 100, the region to be welded is preheated, where the preheating temperature is 300 ℃ to 600 ℃. Thus, the welding difficulty of the first wear-resistant layer 21 can be reduced, and the first wear-resistant layer 21 formed on the wear-resistant casting body 1 can be prevented from cracking.
Two specific examples of the method of the present application for making a wear resistant casting 100 for complex conditions are described below.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the wear-resistant casting 100 for complex conditions comprises the following steps:
casting a wear-resistant casting body 1 by using a lost foam, wherein the average mass fraction of carbon in the wear-resistant casting body 1 is 0.22%, and the average mass fraction of chromium is 2.1%;
after slowly cooling (such as natural cooling) the wear-resistant casting body 1 to be cast and molded to about 900 ℃, cooling the wear-resistant casting body 1 to room temperature by adopting a water-mist mixed two-phase flow cooling method, wherein the cooling speed in the water-mist mixed two-phase flow cooling process is greater than that of slow cooling so that the wear-resistant casting body 1 obtains a fine flaky pearlite type structure;
preheating the easy-to-wear part of the wear-resistant casting body 1, wherein the preheating temperature is 300 ℃;
welding a first wear-resistant material on the easily-worn part of the wear-resistant casting body 1 by adopting arc welding to form a first wear-resistant layer 21 on the wear-resistant casting body 1, wherein the average mass fraction of carbon in the first wear-resistant layer 21 is 2.0%, the average mass fraction of chromium is 18%, the average mass fraction of silicon is less than or equal to 2.5%, and the average mass fraction of manganese is less than or equal to 2.5%;
welding a second wear-resistant material onto the first wear-resistant layer 21 by arc welding, wherein the second wear-resistant layer 22 has an average mass fraction of carbon of 2.6%, an average mass fraction of chromium of 19%, an average mass fraction of silicon of less than or equal to 2.5%, and an average mass fraction of manganese of less than or equal to 2.5%;
and annealing the wear-resistant casting 100 after surfacing, wherein the annealing temperature is 550 ℃, and the annealing heat preservation time is 3 h.
In the annealed wear-resistant casting 100, the average hardness HRC of the wear-resistant casting body 1 is 30, and the average hardness HRC of the wear-resistant layer 2 is 60.
The wear-resistant casting 100 prepared by the embodiment has high hardness, strong impact resistance and higher impact toughness, and can be used for the coal and stone crushing hammer head in a low-temperature area.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the wear-resistant casting 100 for complex conditions comprises the following steps:
casting a wear-resistant casting body 1 by using a lost foam, wherein the average mass fraction of carbon in the wear-resistant casting body 1 is 0.32%, and the average mass fraction of chromium is 2.5%;
after slowly cooling (such as natural cooling) the wear-resistant casting body 1 to be cast and molded to about 900 ℃, cooling the wear-resistant casting body 1 to room temperature by adopting a water-mist mixed two-phase flow cooling method, wherein the cooling speed in the water-mist mixed two-phase flow cooling process is greater than that of slow cooling so that the wear-resistant casting body 1 obtains a fine flaky pearlite type structure;
preheating the easy-to-wear part, wherein the preheating temperature is 300 ℃;
welding a first wear-resistant material to the easily worn portion by arc welding to form a first wear-resistant layer 21 at the easily worn portion, wherein the first wear-resistant layer 21 has an average mass fraction of carbon of 1.8%, an average mass fraction of chromium of 18%, an average mass fraction of silicon of 2.5% or less, and an average mass fraction of manganese of 2.5% or less;
welding a second wear-resistant material on the first wear-resistant layer 21 by arc welding, wherein the average mass fraction of carbon in the second wear-resistant layer 22 is 2.4%, the average mass fraction of chromium is 16%, the average mass fraction of silicon is less than or equal to 2.5%, the average mass fraction of manganese is less than or equal to 2.5%, and the total thickness of the first wear-resistant layer 21 and the second wear-resistant layer 22 is 6 mm;
and annealing the wear-resistant casting 100 after surfacing, wherein the annealing temperature is 650 ℃, and the annealing heat preservation time is 5 hours.
In the annealed wear-resistant casting 100, the average hardness HRC of the wear-resistant casting body 1 is 34, and the average hardness HRC of the wear-resistant layer 2 is 61.
The wear-resistant casting 100 prepared by the embodiment has high hardness, strong impact resistance and higher impact toughness, and can be used for a coal stone crushing toothed plate in a low-temperature area.
The present application also proposes a wear resistant casting 100, the wear resistant casting 100 being produced by the method of any of the embodiments described above.
In the description herein, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method of making a wear resistant casting for complex conditions, the wear resistant casting comprising a wear resistant casting body, a wear resistant layer and a transition layer, the transition layer being located between the wear resistant casting body and the wear resistant layer, the method comprising the steps of:
casting a wear-resistant casting body;
cooling the cast wear-resistant casting body by adopting a controlled cooling technology to ensure that the wear-resistant casting body obtains a flaky pearlite structure;
overlaying a wear-resistant material on the wear-resistant casting body to form a wear-resistant layer on the wear-resistant casting body;
and carrying out heat treatment on the wear-resistant casting after surfacing, wherein the heat treatment temperature is 500-650 ℃, so that the transition layer is formed between the wear-resistant layer and the wear-resistant casting body while the welding stress is eliminated, wherein the hardness of the transition layer is greater than that of the wear-resistant casting body, and the hardness of the transition layer is less than that of the wear-resistant layer.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the average hardness HRC of the wear-resistant casting body is greater than or equal to 30, and the average hardness HRC of the wear-resistant layer is 55-65.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step of cooling the as-cast wear-resistant casting body by a controlled cooling technique comprises:
cooling the cast wear-resistant casting body to a first cooling temperature by adopting a first cooling method, wherein the cooling speed of the first cooling method is a first cooling speed;
and cooling the wear-resistant casting body from the first cooling temperature to room temperature by adopting a second cooling method, wherein the cooling speed of the second cooling method is a second cooling speed, and the second cooling speed is greater than the first cooling speed.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the first cooling method is a natural cooling method, the second cooling method is a water-mist mixed two-phase flow cooling method, and the water content in the water-mist mixed two-phase flow is 1% to 10%.
5. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the wear-resistant casting body is a medium carbon alloy steel containing chromium, the mass fraction of carbon in the wear-resistant casting body is 0.2% to 0.5%, the mass fraction of chromium is 2.2% to 5.5%, the mass fraction of carbon in the wear-resistant layer is greater than the mass fraction of carbon in the wear-resistant casting body, and the mass fraction of chromium in the wear-resistant layer is greater than the mass fraction of chromium in the wear-resistant casting body.
6. The method of making according to claim 5, wherein the wear layer comprises a first wear layer and a second wear layer, and overlaying a wear-resistant material on the wear-resistant casting body to form a wear layer on the wear-resistant casting body comprises:
overlaying a first wear-resistant material on the easy-to-wear part of the wear-resistant casting body to form the first wear-resistant layer on the easy-to-wear part, wherein the mass fraction of carbon in the first wear-resistant layer is 1.5-2.3%, the mass fraction of chromium is 9.0-19.0%, the mass fraction of silicon is less than or equal to 2.5%, and the mass fraction of manganese is less than or equal to 2.5%;
overlaying a second wear-resistant material on the first wear-resistant layer to form the second wear-resistant layer on the first wear-resistant layer, wherein the mass fraction of carbon in the second wear-resistant layer is 2.3-3.5%, the mass fraction of chromium is 10-2%, the mass fraction of silicon is less than or equal to 2.5%, and the mass fraction of manganese is less than or equal to 2.5%.
7. The production method according to claim 6, wherein the first wear-resistant layer has a thickness of 2mm to 3mm, the second wear-resistant layer has a thickness of 2mm to 3mm, and the thickness of the wear-resistant layer is greater than or equal to 5 mm.
8. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that the easy-to-wear part of the wear-resistant casting is subjected to preheating treatment at a temperature of 300-600 ℃ before overlaying a wear-resistant material on the easy-to-wear part.
9. A wear-resistant casting, characterized in that it is produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The wear-resistant casting is characterized by comprising a wear-resistant casting body, a wear-resistant layer and a transition layer, wherein the transition layer is positioned between the wear-resistant casting body and the wear-resistant layer, the hardness of the transition layer is greater than that of the wear-resistant casting body, and the hardness of the transition layer is less than that of the wear-resistant layer.
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