CN114411051B - High-pressure-resistant and high-temperature-resistant needle valve steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-pressure-resistant and high-temperature-resistant needle valve steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A high-pressure-resistant and high-temperature-resistant needle valve steel and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of needle valve matching parts of fuel spray nozzles. The steel comprises the following specific chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.30 to 0.50 percent, si:0.80 to 1.50 percent, mn:0.2 to 0.5 percent, S: 0.001-0.020%, P: less than or equal to 0.030 percent, cr:3.0 to 5.5 percent of Ni:0.2 to 2.0 percent, mo:1.0 to 1.8 percent, V:0.8 to 1.5 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. Has the advantages that compared with the prior art, the material has higher room temperature hardness of more than or equal to 50HRC and room temperature strength R m More than or equal to 1800MPa and high temperature strength (R at 450℃) m More than or equal to 1450 MPa), higher temperature resistance, higher wear resistance, better fatigue property, excellent cutting processability and other excellent comprehensive properties, is suitable for steel for various engine oil nozzle needle valve even parts, and is suitable for manufacturing high-pressure and high-temperature resistant oil nozzle needle valve materials of high-power engines.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of matching parts of oil nozzle needle valves, and particularly relates to high-strength, high-temperature-resistant, high-wear-resistant and fatigue-resistant steel for a high-performance needle valve body. The steel is suitable for various engine oil nozzle needle valve fittings.
Background
Modern diesel technology is in the search of higher combustion efficiency and lower emissions, and the development of fuel supply systems is moving towards higher injection pressures, flexible control of injection rates, multiple injections. As the most complex and core working part in the diesel engine system, the performance of the fuel injector directly influences the working performance of the whole diesel engine system. The needle valve matching part of the oil nozzle of the electric control oil sprayer is one of the most critical precise parts of the oil sprayer, and directly determines the dynamic property, economical efficiency, emission property and comfort of the engine. The fuel nozzle matching part in the fuel injector is one of three precise matching parts in a fuel system, the structure of the fuel nozzle matching part, the geometric characteristics of a spray hole and the fuel fluidity characteristics in the fuel nozzle matching part not only determine the atomization quality of fuel, the geometric shape of a spray oil beam and the matching of the spray oil beam and a combustion chamber, but also influence the fuel injection characteristics such as fuel injection time, fuel injection duration, fuel injection law and the like, and all directly influence the dynamic property, economy, emission property and comfort of an engine. In particular, the development and the continuous improvement of the power density of the high-pressure common rail system diesel engine are realized, the high-power diesel engine needs the injection valve coupling part of the injection nozzle to bear higher injection pressure, higher combustion temperature and more stable service life, and higher requirements are provided for the material of the injection nozzle coupling part.
The needle valve coupling part of the fuel injector consists of a needle valve and a needle valve body, the needle valve is precisely matched with the needle valve body, and the needle valve body are contacted by repeated high-frequency and high-voltage pulses under the precise control of an electronic control unit. The needle valve body is positioned outside the matching part and is directly contacted with the combustion chamber, and the requirements on the pressure bearing performance and the temperature resistance performance of the needle valve body are higher.
At present, 18CrNi8 steel (C: 0.14-0.21%, cr:1.8-2.1%, ni:1.8-2.1%, si:0.15-0.4%, mn: 0.4-0.6%) is generally used as the needle valve body material. The 18CrNi8 steel belongs to low-carbon and low-alloy structural steel, and generally has a tempering temperature of 250-270 ℃ and cannot meet the requirement of higher working temperature of 300-450 ℃. Meanwhile, the hardness, strength and wear resistance of the high-performance oil sprayer cannot meet the requirements of needle valve even parts of high-performance oil sprayers. In order to meet the requirements of high hardness and wear resistance, the 18CrNi8 steel needs to adopt a surface carburization strengthening process, and after needle valve body parts are reasonably quenched, tempered and carburized, the surface strength, hardness and core toughness of the needle valve body parts are optimally matched, so that the requirements of high contact fatigue strength, high wear resistance and core toughness of the needle valve body surfaces are met. However, because the needle valve is complex in shape, the slender ratio of the diameter of the middle hole to the depth of the hole is small, the shape of the head is small, the diameter of the spray hole is small, and the whole inner hole is similar to a blind hole, the whole inner hole has poor atmosphere mobility during heat treatment carburization, is not easy to be carburized, causes great difference of carburized layer depths of an outer circle and the inner hole after carburization, particularly the seat surface of the inner hole, and is often shallow in carburized layer depth, but is also a key working surface; and because the diameter of the ball head of the needle valve body is small, carbon atoms can permeate from all directions of the ball head during carburization, so that the excessive high carbon concentration on the surface of the carburized ball head is easily caused, carbide is accumulated, and even hard and brittle netlike carbide is formed. The peeling of the network carbide easily causes the change of the size of the spray hole, and causes problems such as poor atomization and carbon deposition.
The invention aims to design novel high-strength, high-toughness, high-temperature-resistant and high-wear-resistant high-performance steel for needle valve bodies, and the steel can produce a high-temperature precipitation strengthening secondary hardening effect through a C-Cr-Mo-V composite alloying technical means, delay the reduction of hardness generated by martensite recovery and obtain the temperature resistance, pressure bearing and wear resistance higher than 400 ℃. The invention discloses a high-performance needle valve steel, which is used for meeting the requirement of a high-power engine on the high injection performance of an oil nozzle coupling piece.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide high-pressure-resistant high-temperature-resistant needle valve steel and a preparation method thereof, and the needle valve steel has the advantages of high strength, high toughness, high temperature resistance, high wear resistance, excellent cutting processability and excellent comprehensive performance.
The invention designs a relatively high C content, so that the steel material has higher strength, the bearing capacity of the needle valve body is improved, the hardness is higher, and the wear resistance is improved. Designing a Cr-Mo-V composite alloying technical means to generate a high-temperature precipitation strengthening effect, and delaying the reduction of hardness generated by martensite recovery to obtain the temperature resistance above 400 ℃; optimizing the alloy element configuration, improving the impact toughness and improving the crystallization structure segregation; the free cutting elements are properly added, so that the processing performance is improved. Through the combination of the above combined actions, the pressure-resistant Wen Zhenfa steel with excellent performances of hardness, toughness, temperature resistance, wear resistance and processability is obtained.
According to the above purpose and the whole technical scheme, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the steel of the invention comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.30 to 0.50 percent, si:0.80 to 1.50 percent, mn:0.2 to 0.5 percent, S: 0.001-0.020%, P: less than or equal to 0.030 percent, cr:3.0 to 5.5 percent of Ni:0.2 to 2.0 percent, mo:1.0 to 1.8 percent, V:0.8 to 1.5 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The room-temperature hardness of the needle valve body steel is more than or equal to 50HRC, the room-temperature tensile strength is more than or equal to 1850MPa, the room-temperature yield strength is more than or equal to 1500MPa, the 450 ℃ tensile strength is more than or equal to 1450MPa, and the 450 ℃ yield strength is more than or equal to 1200MPa.
The functions and the proportions of the elements are as follows:
c: the steel contains solid solution strengthening effective elements, when the carbon content in the steel is low, the structure of the steel is fine lath martensite at room temperature after quenching, the lath martensite with low carbon is strong and tough, the supersaturation degree of the martensite is increased along with the increase of the carbon content, the distortion degree is increased, and the high-carbon martensite hardness is higher. Higher carbon content will inevitably lose impact toughness. In order to obtain higher strength, realize high bearing capacity and match proper good impact toughness, the invention designs a relatively low C content range of 0.30-0.50%.
Si: the deoxidizing element is added in an amount of generally 0.20 to 0.50%.
Mn: the Mn is added as deoxidizer to eliminate sulfur and the content is controlled in the range of 0.20-0.50%.
S: sulfur is an unavoidable impurity, forming FeS, imparting hot shortness to the steel strip. If higher performance is desired, the S content should be controlled to be less than 0.005%. However, S is also an element for improving cutting performance, and if desired, S may be added appropriately, and the S content may be controlled to be 0.005% to 0.020% as required. Therefore, the content in the invention is controlled to be 0.001-0.020%.
P: phosphorus forms microscopic segregation when molten steel is solidified, and then is biased to grain boundaries when heated at an austenitizing temperature, so that the brittleness of the steel is obviously increased, and the content of P is controlled below 0.030%.
Cr: chromium is an element for increasing hardenability, and Cr is used for enabling the steel to easily obtain a martensitic structure, so that high hardness is obtained; chromium can replace iron atoms in cementite to form alloy cementite or form alloy carbide with C, so as to stabilize the carbide; cr and C can form carbide to be separated out at high temperature in the high-temperature tempering process above 400 ℃ to generate a secondary hardening effect, so that the steel has excellent high-temperature strength and tempering softening resistance, and the needle valve body is resisted from bearing the requirements of higher working temperature of 300-450 ℃ and higher bearing performance; the high amount of Cr carbide also improves wear resistance, especially high temperature wear resistance. The main purpose of Cr in the invention is to improve tempering and softening resistance, hardenability and strength of steel. However, the content of Cr added must be strictly controlled, and when Cr is too high, alloy carbide is formed with C, so carbide segregation is extremely easy to occur in steel. Therefore, the content is controlled to be 3.0-5.5% by considering the above reasons.
Ni: nickel is an element that enhances hardenability and also improves toughness in certain steels. The invention utilizes Ni and Ni to compound, and improves the impact toughness and hardenability of steel. The Ni content of the steel of the invention is 0.2-2.0%.
Mo: molybdenum is a secondary hardening carbide forming element, and the invention generates a secondary hardening effect through the Mo and V composite precipitation strengthening effect, thereby improving the high-temperature tempering hardness and the high-temperature strength of the steel. The resistance of the steel to tempering softening is improved through Cr-Mo-V composite alloying. And the alloy cementite enters the alloy cementite, so that the growth of the alloy cementite is delayed, carbide is refined, and the impact toughness is further improved. Molybdenum is also excellent in improving the pitting corrosion resistance of steel, and the addition of molybdenum improves the pitting corrosion resistance of steel. Molybdenum in turn reduces or inhibits temper embrittlement caused by other elements. The invention controls the Mo content to be 1.0-1.8%.
V: vanadium is also an important secondary hardening carbide forming element, and the invention generates a secondary hardening effect through the Mo and V composite precipitation strengthening effect, thereby improving the high-temperature tempering hardness and the high-temperature strength of the steel. The resistance of the steel to tempering softening is improved through Cr-Mo-V composite alloying. And the alloy cementite enters the alloy cementite, so that the growth of the alloy cementite is delayed, carbide is refined, and the impact toughness is further improved. Vanadium also effectively blocks the growth elements of the grains, and the vanadium is utilized to refine austenite grains, so that the impact toughness is improved. However, when V is excessively added to steel, element segregation increases, and VC primary carbide is formed in severe cases. The V content in the steel is controlled to be 0.8-1.5%.
The steel can be smelted by adopting an electric arc furnace and an induction furnace, molten steel is cast into steel ingots, electroslag remelting and vacuum consumable consumption can be carried out according to the requirements, or smelting is carried out in a mode of combining a plurality of smelting methods. Rolling into bars after forging and cogging. And then quenching and tempering heat treatment, if necessary, surface carburization strengthening treatment can be carried out, so as to meet the requirements of expected use hardness and service performance. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) Smelting: smelting is carried out by adopting modes of an electric furnace, an induction furnace, external refining, electroslag remelting, vacuum consumable consumption and the like, and a plurality of combination methods of the smelting methods can be adopted for smelting in order to obtain expected components and performances.
(2) Forging: the ingot is fully heated, the heating temperature is 1200-1260 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10-48 hours according to the size of the steel ingot, the initial forging temperature is 1120-1180 ℃, the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 850 ℃, and the rolling treatment is carried out after forging.
(3) Normalizing: the rolled bar is heated and kept at 970-990 ℃ for 1-2 hours, and is subjected to air cooling or water cooling normalizing treatment, wherein the cooling rate is not lower than 60 ℃/min.
(4) Annealing: and (3) hot charging at 400 ℃ into a furnace, preserving heat for 5-8 hours at 880 ℃, cooling to below 500 ℃ at a cooling speed of 10-30 ℃/h, discharging and air cooling.
(5) Solution treatment: solid solution is carried out at 980-1030 ℃, the temperature is kept for 1-1.5 h, water cooling or oil cooling is carried out after discharging to room temperature, and tempering treatment is carried out at 450-560 ℃.
(6) Surface carburization treatment: carburizing at 950-1030 deg.c, maintaining for 3-6 hr, and surface carburization hardness not less than 800HV.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has higher room temperature hardness (more than or equal to 50 HRC) and room temperature strength (R) m Not less than 1800 MPa) and high temperature strength (R at 450℃) m More than or equal to 1450 MPa), higher temperature resistance (temperature resistance is less than or equal to 450 ℃), higher wear resistance, better fatigue property, excellent cutting processability and other excellent comprehensive properties, and is suitable for manufacturing high-pressure-resistant and high-temperature-resistant fuel nozzle needle valve body materials of high-power engines.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of a carburized layer after surface carburization in the example.
Detailed Description
According to the designed chemical composition range, 4 furnaces of the steel of the invention are smelted on a 1000kg vacuum induction furnace, and then vacuum consumable remelting treatment is carried out, wherein the specific chemical compositions are shown in table 1. Molten steel is cast into ingots, and the ingots with the diameter of 20mm are formed by forging and rolling. After annealing, the steel is processed into a sample, and the sample is quenched and tempered (quenched at 980-1030 ℃ and tempered at 450-560 ℃) to obtain the room-temperature mechanical properties shown in Table 2.
The steel of the invention can obtain higher hardness, higher strength, higher high-temperature strength and carburization process performance.
1. After heat treatment, the steel of the invention can obtain higher tempering hardness of 50.2-51.8 HRC.
2. After heat treatment, the steel of the invention can obtain extremely high tensile strength and yield strength so as to meet the requirements of higher spraying pressure and bearing, the room temperature tensile strength is 1802-1900 MPa, and the room temperature yield strength is 1505-1550 MPa.
3. After heat treatment, the steel of the invention can obtain extremely high-temperature tensile strength and yield strength so as to meet the requirement of higher temperature resistance, the tensile strength at 450 ℃ is 1458-1500 MPa, and the yield strength at room temperature is 1205-1230 MPa.
4. The steel can obtain excellent carburized layer structure after surface carburization treatment at 980 ℃, as shown in figure 1, and meanwhile, the surface hardness of the carburized layer reaches 822HV, so that good carburization process performance is shown.
Table 1 chemical composition of examples, wt%
Table 2 heat treatment process and properties of examples
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of high-pressure-resistant and high-temperature-resistant needle valve steel is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the preparation method comprises the following process steps and control technical parameters:
(1) Smelting: smelting by adopting one or more of an electric furnace, an induction furnace, external refining, electroslag remelting or vacuum consumable mode, and casting molten steel into ingots; the chemical composition in weight percent is C:0.30 to 0.45 percent, si:0.82 to 1.10 percent, mn:0.35 to 0.5 percent, S: 0.001-0.020%, P: less than or equal to 0.030 percent, cr:3.0 to 5.0 percent, ni:0.89 to 1.88 percent, mo:1.52 to 1.8 percent, V:1.10 to 1.5 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities;
(2) Forging: fully heating the cast ingot at 1200-1260 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10-48 hours according to the size of the steel ingot, starting forging at 1120-1180 ℃, and performing rolling treatment after forging at a final forging temperature of more than or equal to 850 ℃;
(3) Normalizing: heating and preserving the temperature of the rolled bar for 1-2 hours at 970-990 ℃, carrying out air cooling or water cooling normalizing treatment, wherein the cooling rate is not lower than 60 ℃/min;
(4) Annealing: hot charging at 400 deg.c, maintaining at 880 deg.c for 5-8 hr, cooling at 10-30 deg.c/hr to below 500 deg.c, and air cooling;
(5) Solution treatment: solid solution is carried out at 980-1030 ℃, the temperature is kept for 1-1.5 h, water cooling or oil cooling is carried out after discharging to room temperature, and tempering treatment is carried out at 450-560 ℃;
(6) Surface carburization treatment: carburizing at 950-1030 ℃ and preserving heat for 3-6 hours, wherein the surface carburization hardness is more than or equal to 800HV;
after treatment, the tempering hardness of the needle valve body steel is 50.2-51.8 HRC; the room temperature tensile strength is 1802-1900 MPa, and the room temperature yield strength is 1505-1550 MPa; the tensile strength at 450 ℃ is 1458-1500 MPa, and the room temperature yield strength is 1205-1230 MPa.
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| CN107974636B (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2020-09-11 | 钢铁研究总院 | High-hardness high-hardenability pre-hardened plastic die steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN108220810A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-29 | 钢铁研究总院 | High tough high temperature nitriding steel of a kind of high abrasion and preparation method thereof |
| CN109182669B (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-09-11 | 钢铁研究总院 | High-hardness high-toughness easy-welding pre-hardened plastic die steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN111996469B (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2021-10-29 | 江苏大学 | High-hardness ferroalloy and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112680657B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2023-02-24 | 中钢集团邢台机械轧辊有限公司 | Method for manufacturing non-ferrous hot-rolled semi-high-speed steel working roll |
| CN114309950A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-04-12 | 天津滨海雷克斯激光科技发展有限公司 | Material process suitable for surface pulse laser welding additive of carburized and quenched steel workpiece |
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