CN113249643A - Mining high-strength carburized chain steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Mining high-strength carburized chain steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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Abstract
The invention relates to a mining high-strength carburized chain steel, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.10 to 0.21%, Si: 0.15 to 0.35%, Mn: 0.20-0.60%, P: less than or equal to 0.015 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.015 percent, Cr: 1.20-1.90%, Mo: 0.15-0.45%, Ni: 1.10-1.70%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.25 percent, Al: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements; the whole process flow comprises the following steps: batching → KR molten iron pretreatment → converter smelting → LF refining → RH refining → continuous casting → slow cooling pit slow cooling → heating → high-pressure water descaling → rolling → stacking cooling → annealing treatment → straightening, the diameter of the chain steel is 16-38 mm, the yield strength is more than or equal to 1050MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 1180MPa, the shrinkage rate is more than or equal to 45%, the elongation is more than or equal to 10%, and the Charpy impact energy at normal temperature is more than or equal to 40J. The chain steel simultaneously realizes high dimensional precision, excellent flash welding performance and extremely high wear resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mining high-strength carburized chain steel and a preparation method thereof. Belongs to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy.
Background
The mining chain steel is main equipment for mechanical coal mining in a coal mine, mainly used as a transmission chain on a scraper conveyor, and the chain working environment is not only moist and strong in corrosivity, but also needs to rub with a scraper during working, so that the material is required to have high strength, good toughness and fatigue resistance, and needs to have high wear resistance. The wear resistance of the surface of the chain needs to be increased by surface carburization and improvement of the heat treatment process of the chain while ensuring high strength and high toughness of the chain body. However, the chain is manufactured by a method of loop knitting and welding, the welding performance of the chain depends on the carbon equivalent of the material, therefore, the carbon content of the material main body is not too high, and the chain needs to be alloyed in order to ensure the strength of the chain after heat treatment.
Compared with the existing mature mining chain steel, the high-strength carburized chain steel adopts a brand-new component design, on the premise of ensuring that the strength and toughness indexes are not reduced, the mechanical property of the mining high-strength carburized chain steel under the heat treatment conditions of quenching and low-temperature tempering can still meet the conditions that the yield strength is more than or equal to 1050MPa, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 1180MPa, the shrinkage is more than or equal to 45%, the elongation is more than or equal to 10%, and the Charpy impact energy at normal temperature is more than or equal to 40J by increasing the surface carburization and improving the heat treatment process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the mining high-strength carburized chain steel and the preparation method thereof aiming at the prior art, wherein the diameter of the mining high-strength carburized chain steel is within the range of 16-38 mm, and the mining high-strength carburized chain steel has excellent flash weldability, so that chain rings manufactured at the downstream completely meet the mining requirements.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows: a mining high-strength carburized chain steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.10 to 0.21%, Si: 0.15 to 0.35%, Mn: 0.20-0.60%, P: less than or equal to 0.015 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.015 percent, Cr: 1.20-1.90%, Mo: 0.15-0.45%, Ni: 1.10-1.70%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.25 percent, Al: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
The chemical components of the mining high-strength carburized chain steel are determined as follows:
c: is an essential element for ensuring the strength of steel, and increasing the carbon content in steel increases the transformation capability of non-equilibrium structure of steel, thereby improving the strength of steel. However, too high C content is detrimental to the ductility and toughness of steel and significantly increases the carbon equivalent of the material, which is detrimental to the weldability of steel. In order to ensure the plasticity, toughness, machinability and weldability of the chain steel, the carbon content is not suitable to be high. The carbon content is controlled to be 0.10-0.21%.
Si: is a deoxidizing element in steel and improves the strength of steel in a solid solution strengthening mode. When the content of Si is less than 0.10%, the deoxidation effect is poor, and when the content of Si is higher, the brittleness of steel is increased, and the weldability of flash welding and the performance of a weld joint are reduced. The invention controls the content of silicon to be 0.15-0.35%.
Mn: is an element for improving the hardenability of steel, and plays a role in solid solution strengthening to make up for the strength loss caused by the reduction of the content of C in the steel. Too high Mn content increases its carbon equivalent to deteriorate the weldability. The Mn content of the invention is controlled to be 0.20-0.60%.
Ni: the C, Mn content of the chain steel is controlled to be relatively low to ensure the weldability of the material, but the hardenability is ensured by adding alloy Ni, Ni is a non-carbide forming element, and Ni exists in the steel in a solid solution form, so that the hardenability of the steel can be obviously improved. Ni reduces the C content of the eutectoid point, increases the volume fraction of pearlite and is beneficial to improving the strength. Ni lowers the Ar3 transformation temperature, so that ferrite grains become fine, and meanwhile, the pearlite sheet spacing can be reduced, thereby being beneficial to improving the toughness. The content of the organic silicon compound is controlled to be 1.10-1.70%.
Cr: is a medium carbide-forming element, and Cr dissolved into austenite upon heating strongly improves hardenability. Part of Cr in the steel replaces iron to form alloy cementite, so that the stability is improved; part of the ferrite is dissolved in the ferrite to play a role of solid solution strengthening, and the strength and the hardness of the ferrite are improved. The content of the organic silicon compound is controlled to be 1.20-1.90%.
Mo: existing in solid solution and carbide of steel, has solid solution strengthening effect, can improve hardenability and tempering stability of steel, can also refine crystal grains, and improve non-uniformity of carbide, thereby improving strength and toughness of steel. Mo is also a precious metal, and too high a content increases the cost. The content of Mo in the invention is controlled to be 0.15-0.45%.
Cu: can improve the hardenability and the corrosion resistance of the steel and reduce the hydrogen induced crack sensitivity of the steel. However, the excessively high Cu content is not favorable for the welding performance of the steel, and is also easy to generate copper brittleness phenomenon to deteriorate the surface performance of the steel, and the Cu of the invention exists in the form of residual elements, and the content of the Cu is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.25 percent.
Al: the main effects are nitrogen fixation and deoxidation, AlN formed by combining Al and N can effectively refine grains, but the toughness of the steel is damaged by over high content, and the content of the AlN is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.05 percent.
S, P: is a harmful impurity element in steel, and is easy to form defects of segregation, inclusion and the like. The content of the impurity element is preferably as small as possible, because the impurity element adversely affects the toughness (particularly, the toughness of the core) of the steel material and the toughness of the heat-affected zone in flash welding. The invention controls P not more than 0.015 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.015 percent.
The invention solves another technical problem by adopting the technical scheme that the method for manufacturing the mining high-strength carburized chain steel comprises the following whole process flow: batching → KR molten iron pretreatment → converter smelting → LF refining → RH refining → continuous casting → slow cooling pit, heating → high-pressure water descaling → rolling → stacking cooling → annealing → straightening.
The process comprises the following steps:
1) firstly, smelting raw materials are sequentially subjected to KR molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, LF refining, RH refining and continuous casting to obtain the alloy meeting the requirements of chemical components and having the specification of 200mm2Or 240mm2The casting blank of (1) needs to adopt a slag skimming process during converter tapping, so that the content of P is reduced as much as possible; placing the casting blank into a slow cooling pit, slowly cooling for more than 48 hours, and taking the casting blank out of the pit;
2) then heating the casting blank at 1220-;
3) descaling by high-pressure water, rolling at the initial rolling temperature of more than or equal to 1000 ℃ and the final rolling temperature of more than or equal to 800 ℃, and performing cold stacking after rolling;
4) and finally, annealing at 680-720 ℃ for more than or equal to 5 hours to ensure that the final structure of the material is carbide particles which are dispersed on the ferrite matrix.
Before the material is annealed, the hot-rolled structure is a mixed structure of bainite, martensite and a small amount of pearlite, the hardness of the material is higher due to the existence of the bainite and the martensite, carbides in the bainite and the martensite are fully precipitated after annealing, namely, the structure transformation from the bainite, the martensite and the small amount of pearlite to carbide particles which are dispersed and distributed on a ferrite matrix is realized, the structure determines the performance of the material, the structure transformation obviously reduces the hardness of the material, the hardness of the material is controlled within the range of 200 HB and 220HB, and then the material is subjected to straightening treatment, so that the material is convenient for downstream customers to discharge, and meanwhile, a uniform structure is provided for loop knitting and welding. In addition, compared with the traditional mining chain steel, the invention adopts a brand-new alloy component design, reduces C, Mn elements influencing welding performance, but in order to ensure the tensile strength of the chain, on one hand, the content of an alloy element Cr is greatly improved, and Cr is a carbide forming element, so that partial strength loss caused by the reduction of C, Mn content can be compensated; on the other hand, because the alloy element Ni is greatly improved, when the mining chain steel is used by a chain factory, the traditional heat treatment process of '880 ℃ quenching and 450 ℃ tempering' can be optimized into '850 ℃ to 900 ℃ quenching and 190 ℃ to 220 ℃ tempering', the strength of the material can be improved due to the reduction of the tempering temperature, but because the Ni element does not form carbide, the gamma phase region can be expanded, A3 can be reduced, and grains can be refined, the toughness of the chain cannot be influenced due to the reduction of the tempering temperature, and the optimization of the heat treatment process not only can reduce the heat treatment cost, but also can greatly improve the wear resistance of the chain. At the same time, the chain may be carburized, again improving the wear resistance of the chain.
Preferably, the annealing treatment is performed in a continuous roll-bottom annealing furnace.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) compared with the existing mature mining chain steel, the invention adopts brand new component design, optimizes the heat treatment process of 'quenching and medium-temperature or high-temperature tempering' of the existing mining chain steel into the heat treatment process of 'quenching and low-temperature tempering' by matching alloy elements, and finally the metallographic structure of the chain is tempered martensite after the process is optimized, so that the wear resistance of the material can be greatly improved on the premise of not influencing the comprehensive mechanical property of the material.
2) The mining chain steel provided by the invention must be matched with chain carburizing treatment, and compared with the traditional mining chain steel, the carburizing chain steel provided by the invention has lower C content, is more beneficial to surface carburizing in the later period, and further greatly improves the wear resistance of the chain.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
The diameter of the mining high-strength carburized chain steel related to the embodiment is 26mm, and the mining high-strength carburized chain steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.11%, Si: 0.18%, Mn: 0.34%, P: 0.008%, S: 0.005%, Cr: 1.38%, Mo: 0.22%, Ni: 1.28%, Cu: 0.01%, Al: 0.026%, and Fe and inevitable impurity elements as the rest.
The manufacturing process of the chain steel comprises the steps of preparing smelting raw materials according to the chemical components of the finished product of the chain steel, and sequentially carrying out KR molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, LF refining, RH refining and continuous casting to obtain the chain steel which meets the requirements of chemical components and has the specification of 200mm2Or 240mm2Casting blank of (1), converter tappingA slag skimming process is needed to reduce the content of P as much as possible; placing the casting blank into a slow cooling pit, slowly cooling for more than 48 hours, and taking the casting blank out of the pit; then heating the casting blank at 1220-; descaling by high-pressure water, rolling at the initial rolling temperature of more than or equal to 1000 ℃ and the final rolling temperature of more than or equal to 800 ℃, and performing cold stacking after rolling; and then annealing treatment is carried out, the annealing temperature is 680-720 ℃, the heat preservation time is more than or equal to 5 hours, so that the final structure of the material is carbide particles which are dispersed and distributed on a ferrite matrix, the hardness of the material is controlled within the range of 200-220HB, and then the material is straightened, thereby facilitating the blanking of downstream customers and providing uniform structures for ring weaving and welding. In addition, when the mining chain steel is used in a chain factory, the traditional heat treatment process of '880 ℃ quenching and 450 ℃ tempering' can be optimized to '850-900 ℃ quenching and 190-220 ℃ tempering', the process optimization not only can reduce the heat treatment cost, but also can greatly improve the wear resistance of the chain; at the same time, the chain may be carburized, again improving the wear resistance of the chain.
The chain steel prepared by the manufacturing process has high strength, high processing precision and excellent flash welding performance, the dimensional precision of the chain steel is checked in a sampling mode and the mechanical property of the chain steel is detailed in a table 1 and a table 2.
Example 2
The diameter of the mining high-strength carburized chain steel related to the embodiment is 30mm, and the mining high-strength carburized chain steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.12%, Si: 0.26%, Mn: 0.29%, P: 0.010%, S: less than or equal to 0.006 percent, Cr: 1.51%, Mo: 0.33%, Ni: 1.55%, Cu: 0.03%, Al: 0.033% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
The manufacturing process of the chain steel comprises the steps of preparing smelting raw materials according to the chemical components of the finished product of the chain steel, and sequentially carrying out KR molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, LF refining, RH refining and continuous casting to obtain the chain steel which meets the requirements of chemical components and has the specification of 200mm2Or 240mm2The casting blank of (1) needs to adopt a slag skimming process during converter tapping, so that the content of P is reduced as much as possible; placing the casting blank into a slow cooling pit, slowly cooling for more than 48 hours, and taking the casting blank out of the pit; then heating the casting blank at 1220-;descaling by high-pressure water, rolling at the initial rolling temperature of more than or equal to 1000 ℃ and the final rolling temperature of more than or equal to 800 ℃, and performing cold stacking after rolling; and then annealing treatment is carried out, the annealing temperature is 680-720 ℃, the heat preservation time is more than or equal to 5 hours, so that the final structure of the material is carbide particles which are dispersed and distributed on a ferrite matrix, the hardness of the material is controlled within the range of 200-220HB, and then the material is straightened, thereby facilitating the blanking of downstream customers and providing uniform structures for ring weaving and welding. In addition, when the mining chain steel is used in a chain factory, the traditional heat treatment process of '880 ℃ quenching and 450 ℃ tempering' can be optimized to '850-900 ℃ quenching and 190-220 ℃ tempering', the process optimization not only can reduce the heat treatment cost, but also can greatly improve the wear resistance of the chain; at the same time, the chain may be carburized, again improving the wear resistance of the chain.
The chain steel prepared by the manufacturing process has high strength, high processing precision and excellent flash welding performance, the dimensional precision of the chain steel is checked in a sampling mode and the mechanical property of the chain steel is detailed in a table 1 and a table 2.
Example 3
The diameter of the mining high-strength carburized chain steel related to the embodiment is 34mm, and the mining high-strength carburized chain steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.17%, Si: 0.24%, Mn: 0.48%, P: 0.010%, S: less than or equal to 0.006 percent, Cr: 1.48%, Mo: 0.34%, Ni: 1.57%, Cu: 0.02%, Al: 0.035%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
The manufacturing process of the chain steel comprises the steps of preparing smelting raw materials according to the chemical components of the finished product of the chain steel, and sequentially carrying out KR molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, LF refining, RH refining and continuous casting to obtain the chain steel which meets the requirements of chemical components and has the specification of 200mm2Or 240mm2The casting blank of (1) needs to adopt a slag skimming process during converter tapping, so that the content of P is reduced as much as possible; placing the casting blank into a slow cooling pit, slowly cooling for more than 48 hours, and taking the casting blank out of the pit; then heating the casting blank at 1220-; descaling by high-pressure water, rolling at the initial rolling temperature of more than or equal to 1000 ℃ and the final rolling temperature of more than or equal to 800 ℃, and performing cold stacking after rolling; then annealing at 680-720 deg.C for 5 hr or moreThe final structure of the material is carbide particles which are dispersed on a ferrite matrix, the hardness of the material is controlled within the range of 200-220HB, and then the material is straightened, so that the blanking of downstream customers is facilitated, and meanwhile, a uniform structure is provided for ring weaving and welding. In addition, when the mining chain steel is used in a chain factory, the traditional heat treatment process of '880 ℃ quenching and 450 ℃ tempering' can be optimized to '850-900 ℃ quenching and 190-220 ℃ tempering', the process optimization not only can reduce the heat treatment cost, but also can greatly improve the wear resistance of the chain; at the same time, the chain may be carburized, again improving the wear resistance of the chain.
The chain steel prepared by the manufacturing process has high strength, high processing precision and excellent flash welding performance, the dimensional precision of the chain steel is checked in a sampling mode and the mechanical property of the chain steel is detailed in a table 1 and a table 2.
TABLE 1 inspection of chain steel for use in the examples (20 pieces)
TABLE 2 mechanical Properties of chain steels produced in examples
In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention also includes other embodiments, and any technical solutions formed by equivalent transformation or equivalent replacement should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A mining high-strength carburized chain steel is characterized in that: the chain steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.10 to 0.21%, Si: 0.15 to 0.35%, Mn: 0.20-0.60%, P: less than or equal to 0.015 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.015 percent, Cr: 1.20-1.90%, Mo: 0.15-0.45%, Ni: 1.10-1.70%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.25 percent, Al: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
2. The mining high-strength carburized chain steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the chain steel is 16-38 mm, the yield strength is greater than or equal to 1050MPa, the tensile strength is greater than or equal to 1180MPa, the shrinkage rate is greater than or equal to 45%, the elongation rate is greater than or equal to 10%, and the Charpy impact energy at normal temperature is greater than or equal to 40J.
3. The mining high-strength carburized chain steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the metallographic structure of the chain steel after annealing is carbide particles which are dispersed on a ferrite matrix.
4. The mining high-strength carburized chain steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hardness of the chain steel is controlled within the range of 200-220 HB.
5. The preparation method of the mining high-strength carburized chain steel according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps: batching → KR molten iron pretreatment → converter smelting → LF refining → RH refining → continuous casting → slow cooling pit, heating → high-pressure water descaling → rolling → stacking cooling → annealing → straightening.
6. The preparation method of the mining high-strength carburized chain steel according to claim 5, characterized by specifically comprising the following steps:
1) firstly, smelting raw materials are sequentially subjected to KR molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, LF refining, RH refining and continuous casting to obtain the alloy meeting the requirements of chemical components and having the specification of 200mm2Or 240mm2In the casting blank, the converter tapping adopts a slag skimming process, so that the content of P is reduced as much as possible; placing the casting blank into a slow cooling pit, slowly cooling for more than 48 hours, and taking the casting blank out of the pit;
2) then heating the casting blank at 1220-;
3) descaling by high-pressure water, rolling at the initial rolling temperature of more than or equal to 1000 ℃ and the final rolling temperature of more than or equal to 800 ℃, and performing cold stacking after rolling;
4) and finally, annealing at 680-720 ℃ for more than or equal to 5 hours to ensure that the final structure of the material is carbide particles which are dispersed on the ferrite matrix.
7. The preparation method of the mining high-strength carburized chain steel according to claim 5, characterized in that the heat treatment process when the chain steel is prepared into a chain is 850-900 ℃ quenching + 190-220 ℃ tempering, and finally the metallographic structure of the chain is tempered martensite.
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| CN114657334A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-24 | 西宁特殊钢股份有限公司 | Annealing process of mining circular chain steel 23MnNiMoCr54 with both structure control and hardness control |
| WO2023061185A1 (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2023-04-20 | 江阴兴澄特种钢铁有限公司 | Spheroidizing-annealed steel for low-temperature-resistant high-strength ball screw, and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN116121629A (en) * | 2022-12-19 | 2023-05-16 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | Preparation method of gear steel 18CrNiMo7-6 |
| CN117604396A (en) * | 2024-01-24 | 2024-02-27 | 振宏重工(江苏)股份有限公司 | Anti-fatigue bearing steel for wind power main shaft and preparation method and application thereof |
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