CN114309950A - Material process suitable for surface pulse laser welding additive of carburized and quenched steel workpiece - Google Patents
Material process suitable for surface pulse laser welding additive of carburized and quenched steel workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- CN114309950A CN114309950A CN202111536080.9A CN202111536080A CN114309950A CN 114309950 A CN114309950 A CN 114309950A CN 202111536080 A CN202111536080 A CN 202111536080A CN 114309950 A CN114309950 A CN 114309950A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The material process suitable for the surface pulse laser welding additive of the carburized and quenched steel workpiece comprises the following steps: (1) cleaning the surface; (2) pulse laser cladding priming transition layer; (3) pulse laser cladding material increase working layer: and a welding wire DW with the diameter of 0.4mm is used as a filling material, and the additive working layer DW is subjected to pulse laser welding on the layer D2 until the size requirement is met, and the requirements of the workpiece on hardness and wear resistance are met. After the two priming transition layers are welded by the pulse laser, the workpiece is not subjected to heat treatment after welding material addition, and for the material difficult to weld, the working layer is welded on the priming transition layer by the pulse laser, so that no crack is generated on the surface of the working layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding material increase processes, in particular to a material process suitable for surface pulse laser welding material increase of a carburized and quenched steel workpiece.
Background
Workpieces such as low-carbon and low-alloy steel shafts, gears, dies and the like in the manufacturing industry mostly need carburizing quenching and low-temperature tempering heat treatment. After the heat treatment, the whole production process of the workpiece can be completed only by precision machining, but sometimes, certain parts of the workpiece have insufficient and over-poor sizes in final inspection and need local welding additive repair.
The weldability of carbon steel and low alloy steel is greatly influenced by the carbon content thereof. Carbon equivalent weight (CEQUI IIW) calculation formula recommended by international society for welding to measure weldability of carbon steel and low alloy steel:
the symbols of the elements in parentheses of CEQUI IIW ═ C +1/6(Mn) +1/15(Ni) +1/5(Cr) +1/15(Cu) +1/5(Mo) +1/5(V) represent the mass percentages of the elements contained in the steel. And points out that when the carbon equivalent CEQUI IIW of the welded workpiece material is more than or equal to 0.6 percent, the weldability is poor, the quenching tendency is large during welding, welding cracks are easy to generate, and the welded workpiece material belongs to a difficult-to-weld material.
The depth of the carburized layer of the low-carbon or low-carbon low-alloy steel is usually more than 0.8mm, and the mass percent of the carbon content of the carburized layer is more than 0.8 percent. It is a difficult-to-weld material as measured by carbon equivalent of weldability (CEQUI IIW) of low alloy steel. In actual production operation, cracks are often generated on the surface welding of the workpiece of the steel after carburizing, quenching and low-temperature tempering. This brings difficulty to repair of welding additive materials in which some parts of the workpiece after carburizing, quenching and low temperature tempering have parts with insufficient size and poor quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a material process for pulse laser welding additive of the surface of a carbon steel and low alloy steel workpiece, which is suitable for carburizing quenching-low temperature tempering treatment to solve the problems.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
for carbon steel or low alloy steel precision workpieces which are subjected to carburizing quenching-low temperature tempering heat treatment, the mass percentage of the carbon content of a carburized layer is more than 0.8%, the depth of the carburized layer is more than 0.8mm, and certain parts of the precision workpieces have insufficient and out-of-tolerance sizes, and are determined to be repaired by a welding material increase process.
The material process suitable for the surface pulse laser welding additive of the carburized and quenched steel workpiece comprises the following steps:
(1) surface cleaning: cleaning the surface of a repair part of a workpiece needing additive repair, and removing oil stains to obtain a clean surface;
(2) pulse laser cladding priming transition layer: welding wires with carbon content lower than 0.10%, carbon equivalent CE less than 0.4 and diameter of 0.4mm serving as filling materials, setting the width of laser pulse to be 10-12ms, performing pulse laser welding material increase under the protection of argon gas, and serving as a bottoming transition layer, wherein the bottoming transition layer comprises two layers, namely a first bottoming transition layer D1 and a second bottoming transition layer D2;
(3) pulse laser cladding material increase working layer: and a welding wire DW with the diameter of 0.4mm is used as a filling material, and the additive working layer DW is subjected to pulse laser welding on the layer D2 until the size requirement is met, and the requirements of the workpiece on hardness and wear resistance are met.
The chemical compositions of the welding wire D1 selected by the pulse laser welding additive priming transition layer D1 and the priming transition layer D2 meet the chemical compositions shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
Sulfur, phosphorus content of wire d 1: s is less than or equal to 0.015 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.015; the rest is: fe.
The alloy steel welding wire DW selected by the pulse laser welding additive working layer DW is as follows: the alloy steel welding wire conforms to the chemical compositions listed in table 2:
TABLE 2
Sulfur and phosphorus contents of the wire dw: s is less than or equal to 0.015 percent; p is less than or equal to 0.015; the rest is: fe.
In the step (2), the thickness of the D1 of the pulse laser welding additive backing transition layer D1 is 0.2mm +/-0.05 mm.
In the step (2), the additive backing transition layer D2 is subjected to pulse laser welding on the basis of D1, and the thickness of D2 is 0.15mm +/-0.05 mm.
The hardness range of the pulse laser welding additive working layer DW is 50HRC-56 HRC.
The melting depth of the workpiece needing additive repair is less than 0.05mm, and the width of the fusion area is less than 0.1 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: after the two priming transition layers are welded by the pulse laser, the workpiece is not subjected to heat treatment after welding material addition, and for the material difficult to weld, the working layer is welded on the priming transition layer by the pulse laser, so that no crack is generated on the surface of the working layer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of metallographic phase and Vickers hardness measurements of a sample prepared by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The welding process principle is as follows:
a. pulse laser welding: the pulse laser welding energy is concentrated, the welding time of each pulse is only 10ms-12ms, under the condition of the selected pulse laser parameters, the melting depth of the welded metal matrix is less than 0.05mm, the width of a fusion area is less than 0.1mm, the actual measurement is only 0.045mm +/-0.004 mm, a heat affected area is small, the welding stress is small, and the precision workpiece cannot deform;
b. priming transition layer D1: the mass percentage of the carbon content of the carburized layer is 0.8-1.0%, and according to the carbon equivalent theory of the weldability of carbon steel and low alloy steel, the weldability is poor when the carbon equivalent CE is more than or equal to 0.6%. When the welding wire having the composition shown in Table 1 was used, the carbon content of the welding wire was 0.15% by mass or less, and the carbon content of the molten pool metal was less than 0.6% by mass when the carbon content of the carburized layer was 1.0% by mass based on 50% of the base metal in the molten pool. That is, the carbon content of the primer layer D1 was 0.6 or less, and the weldability was improved and no weld crack was generated. A selected welding wire diameter of 0.4mm, each welding additive layer having a thickness of about 0.2mm under selected pulsed laser welding additive conditions;
c. priming transition layer D2: the additive priming transition layer D2 was pulse laser welded on top of the priming transition layer D1 with wire D1 as the filler material. According to the melting depth of the welded metal matrix is less than 0.05mm, when the priming transition layer D2 is welded, the priming transition layer D1 is already base metal, the carbon content is below 0.6, 50% of base metal exists in a welding molten pool, namely the priming transition layer D1, the carbon content of the molten pool metal is lower than 0.35% by mass, and the additive metal does not have cracks through pulse laser welding;
d. according to the carbon equivalent theory of the weldability of carbon steel and low alloy steel, the low alloy steel with the carbon equivalent CE less than or equal to 0.4 percent in mass percent belongs to steel with good weldability. With a selected diameter of 0.4mm wire, each weld additive layer has a thickness of about 0.2mm with a selected pulsed laser weld additive. If necessary, 2 layers of the priming layer are welded, so that the D2 layer has lower carbon content.
Examples
The repaired workpiece is a workpiece which is made of low alloy steel through surface carburizing quenching and low temperature tempering, and the carburized layer depth of the workpiece is about 1.0mm \ the carburized layer carbon content is 0.8 percent by mass.
The material process suitable for the surface pulse laser welding additive of the carburized and quenched steel workpiece comprises the following steps:
(1) surface cleaning: cleaning the surface of a part needing pulse laser welding additive repair, and removing oil stains to obtain a clean surface;
and for the workpiece with smaller under-size out-of-tolerance, less than 0.4mm and carburized layer depth more than 1.0mm, the part needing additive repair can be ground properly. The deepest grinding depth can reach 0.8mm, so that the surface of the workpiece after additive repairing is a DW layer, and the requirements on hardness and wear resistance are met.
And for the workpiece with the under-dimension out-of-tolerance larger than 0.8mm and the carburized layer depth larger than 1.0mm, properly polishing the part needing additive repair and exposing the metal luster surface.
(2) Pulse laser cladding priming transition layer: welding wire D1 with chemical components meeting the requirements of table 1 and the diameter of 0.4mm is used as a filling material at the additive repair part, a YAG pulse laser welding machine with the power of 400W is used, the pulse time width is set to be 10-12ms, the welding power is applied to be 30% of the rated power of the welding machine, pulse laser welding additive welding is carried out under the protection of argon, the part to be repaired is fully covered to be used as a bottoming transition layer D1, and the thickness of the bottoming transition layer D1 is 0.2mm +/-0.05 mm. The D1 layer was a transition layer fused to the carburized layer on the workpiece surface, on which a second transition layer D2 was pulse laser welded additive primed. The thickness of the priming transition layer D2 is 0.2mm +/-0.05 mm.
(3) Pulse laser cladding material increase working layer: and (3) on the pulse laser welding additive backing second transition layer D2, a welding wire DW with the diameter of 0.4mm is used as a filling material, the pulse laser welding additive working layer DW is subjected to pulse laser welding additive, and the pulse laser welding additive is added to the required size including the finishing allowance.
(4) Necessary mechanical processing is carried out to meet the requirements of drawings and technology.
(5) And (3) quality detection: flaw detection is carried out to confirm no defect; and the size and the form and position are detected and confirmed to meet the requirements of drawings and sizes.
The metallographic phase and Vickers hardness detection example of the sample manufactured by the pulse laser welding additive material process comprises the following steps:
FIG. 1 shows metallographic and Vickers hardness measurement photographs of samples prepared by a process of pulse laser welding an additive material on the surface of a carburized and quenched low alloy steel (Q355, which conforms to the GB/T1591-2018 standard). Table 3 gives the hardness measurements corresponding to the Vickers hardness measurement points of fig. 1.
Table 3 hardness (HV0.3) measurements corresponding to the Vickers hardness measurement sites of FIG. 1
The Vickers hardness measurement results show that:
the hardness of the carburized layer of the workpiece is 539.9HV 0.3;
pulse laser welding additive base layer D1: the thickness is 0.20-0.24 mm; hardness: 375HV 0.3-391 NV 0.3;
pulse laser welding additive base layer D2: the thickness is 0.16-0.20 mm; hardness: 470HV 0.3-493 HV 0.3;
pulse laser welding additive working layer DW: the thickness is 0.8-1.0 mm; hardness: 523HV 0.3-553 HV 0.3.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; may be mechanically coupled, may be electrically coupled or may be in communication with each other; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The material process suitable for the surface pulse laser welding additive of the carburized and quenched steel workpiece is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) surface cleaning: cleaning the surface of a repair part of a workpiece needing additive repair, and removing oil stains to obtain a clean surface;
(2) pulse laser cladding priming transition layer: welding wires with carbon content lower than 0.10%, carbon equivalent CE less than 0.4 and diameter of 0.4mm serving as filling materials, setting the width of laser pulse to be 10-12ms, performing pulse laser welding material increase under the protection of argon gas, and serving as a bottoming transition layer, wherein the bottoming transition layer comprises two layers, namely a first bottoming transition layer D1 and a second bottoming transition layer D2;
(3) pulse laser cladding material increase working layer: and a welding wire DW with the diameter of 0.4mm is used as a filling material, and the additive working layer DW is subjected to pulse laser welding on the layer D2 until the size requirement is met, and the requirements of the workpiece on hardness and wear resistance are met.
2. The material process suitable for the surface pulse laser welding additive of the carburizing and quenching steel workpiece according to the claim 1,
the welding wire D1 selected by the pulse laser welding additive priming transition layer D1 and the priming transition layer D2 comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass, wherein C is less than or equal to 0.10%, Mn is less than or equal to 1.50%, Ni is less than or equal to 0.05%, Cr is less than or equal to 0.05%, Mo is less than or equal to 0.05%, V is less than or equal to 0.03%, Cu is less than or equal to 0.15%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, and P is less than or equal to 0.015; the rest is: fe.
3. The material process suitable for the surface pulse laser welding additive of the carburizing and quenching steel workpiece according to the claim 1,
the alloy steel welding wire DW selected by the pulse laser welding additive working layer DW is as follows: the chemical components of the alloy steel welding wire dw are calculated according to the mass percentage, and the chemical components are more than or equal to 0.36 percent and less than or equal to 0.42 percent of C, less than or equal to 0.50 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 1.0 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 5.0 percent and less than or equal to 6.0 percent of Cr, less than or equal to 1.60 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 1.20 percent of V, more than or equal to 0.80 percent and less than or equal to 1.20 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S and less than or equal to 0.015 percent of P; the rest is: fe.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the pulse laser welding additive backing transition layer D1, D1 in the step (2) is 0.2mm +/-0.05 mm.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the thickness of the additive backing transition layer D2 is 0.15mm plus or minus 0.05mm on the basis of D1, and the thickness of the D2 is 0.15mm plus or minus 0.05 mm.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein the hardness of the pulse laser welding additive working layer DW is in the range of 50HRC-56 HRC.
7. The process of claim 1, wherein the workpiece needing additive repair has a melting depth of less than 0.05mm and a fusion zone width of less than 0.1 mm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114411051A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-29 | 钢铁研究总院 | High-pressure-resistant and high-temperature-resistant needle valve body steel and preparation method thereof |
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