CN114406276B - Plasma atomizing device for exciting ultrasonic waves by electric arc - Google Patents
Plasma atomizing device for exciting ultrasonic waves by electric arc Download PDFInfo
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- CN114406276B CN114406276B CN202210129439.9A CN202210129439A CN114406276B CN 114406276 B CN114406276 B CN 114406276B CN 202210129439 A CN202210129439 A CN 202210129439A CN 114406276 B CN114406276 B CN 114406276B
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- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/14—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes using electric discharge
Abstract
The invention discloses a plasma atomization device of arc excitation ultrasonic waves, which comprises a high-current direct-current power supply, a high-frequency interference signal system, a plasma generator and two groups of wire feeding mechanisms, wherein the high-current direct-current power supply is electrically connected with the plasma generator after being coupled with the high-frequency interference signal system, and two groups of wire feeding mechanisms are symmetrically arranged at two sides right below a nozzle of the plasma generator; has the advantages of improving the yield of fine powder, improving the production efficiency and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D additive manufacturing, in particular to a plasma atomization device for exciting ultrasonic waves by an electric arc.
Background
The metal powder is widely used in advanced manufacturing industries such as additive manufacturing, and the characteristics such as sphericity, granularity distribution and the like have obvious influence on the performance of manufactured products. The metal powder particle size is generally required to be 106 μm or less, and the high precision manufacturing industry requires even 45 μm particle size, while the powder is required to have high flowability, low impurity content, and the like.
The plasma fuse atomization (PA) uses the thermal energy of a high-temperature high-speed plasma jet to melt a metal wire, and then uses the mechanical energy of the jet to break up and atomize the molten metal. And finally, condensing the small metal droplets into spherical particles under the action of surface tension in the falling process, wherein the whole production process is carried out in an inert gas atmosphere. The produced powder has the advantages of concentrated particle size distribution, good fluidity, high purity and the like. But the plasma fuse atomizing method has higher porosity than the plasma rotating electrode atomizing method, has low production speed and high energy consumption compared with the gas atomizing method, and has the fine powder yield of about 40 percent, and the cost is high, so that the method is difficult to support large-scale industrial production and application.
Ultrasonic atomization has been widely used in the fields of air humidifiers, medical use, surface coatings, oil jet burners and the like, and is a technique of mechanically vibrating liquid by ultrasonic waves (more than 20 KHz) to atomize the liquid into nano-sized droplets. There are mainly two explanations of the principle: one is a surface tension wave theory, namely that under the action of ultrasonic waves, unstable surface tension waves appear at the gas-liquid interface, and when the surface tension waves are large to a certain value, small liquid drops at wave crests are separated to form small fog drops; the second is the theory of micro shock wave, the liquid is vibrated by ultrasonic wave to form cavitation bubbles, the bubbles are continuously compressed and stretched under the alternating positive and negative pressure formed by the longitudinal propagation of the ultrasonic wave until a moment of collapse generates huge instantaneous impact force, so that the liquid is crushed to form small fog drops. When the ultrasonic frequency is above a certain value, the surface tension wave plays a dominant role; when the ultrasonic frequency is smaller than a certain value, the surface tension wave and the micro shock wave simultaneously act on the atomization process. In principle, ultrasonic atomization can also play a role in the process of preparing metal powders, but is only applicable to low melting point metals and alloys.
The arc plasma jet contains a large number of electrons and ions, which are the basis for the substances that generate vibrations. When the particles are disturbed by the applied energy, the motion state of the particles is changed to causeSurrounding particles deviate from their equilibrium position and propagate their mechanical vibrations from the near to the far, forming sound waves. This process is a process in which electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy and then from mechanical energy into acoustic energy, so that a plasma jet can also be regarded as an ultrasonic transducer, i.e. an ultrasonic emission source. The eigenfrequency of the plasma is 10 3 MHz～10 4 MHz, which reflects the highest frequency to which the plasma oscillates. The frequency range of the plasma ultrasonic wave depends on the minimum response time of the internal particles, and the response rate of the particles can be ensured when the excitation frequency is 20kHz to 500 kHz.
In conclusion, by combining a plasma atomization technology and an ultrasonic atomization technology, ultrasonic waves generated by plasma excitation act on the metal wire, so that the atomization efficiency is improved, and the method for reducing the particle size of powder has theoretical feasibility.
The above-described apparatus is accomplished by providing a plasma atomizing apparatus that arc excites ultrasonic waves.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the plasma fuse atomizing method has high porosity, low production speed, high energy consumption, about 40 percent of fine powder yield, high cost, difficult support of large-scale industrial production and application and the like, and provides an arc excitation ultrasonic plasma atomizing device, which comprises:
the high-frequency interference device comprises a high-current direct-current power supply, a high-frequency interference signal system, a plasma generator and two groups of wire feeding mechanisms, wherein the high-current direct-current power supply is electrically connected with the plasma generator after being coupled with the high-frequency interference signal system, and two groups of wire feeding mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on two sides right below a nozzle of the plasma generator.
Furthermore, the high-current direct-current power supply and the high-frequency interference signal system are coupled in parallel, and the parallel coupling has higher control precision than the series coupling.
Furthermore, the high-current direct-current power supply is coupled with the high-frequency interference signal system in series, and the series coupling is simpler and safer than the parallel coupling.
Further, the wire feeding mechanism comprises a wire feeding disc, a wire feeding machine, a wire straightening machine and a corundum tube sleeve, wherein the wire feeding disc, the wire feeding machine, the wire straightening machine and the corundum tube sleeve are sequentially arranged in the direction from outside to the nozzle of the plasma generator, and the corundum tube sleeve is arranged along the conveying direction of the wire and is fixed on the shell of the plasma atomizing device for exciting ultrasonic waves by the electric arc.
Further, the wire feeder is used for controlling the conveying speed of the wire.
Further, the wire straightening machine is used for straightening wires.
Further, the corundum tube sleeve is used for avoiding bending of the straightened wire.
Further, the high-frequency interference signal system comprises a power frequency power supply, a frequency converter, a high-frequency transformer, a rectifier bridge and a first resistor, wherein the input end of the frequency converter is electrically connected with the power frequency power supply, the output end of the frequency converter is electrically connected with the high-frequency transformer, the output end of the high-frequency transformer is electrically connected with the rectifier bridge, and the rectifier bridge is electrically connected with the first resistor.
Further, the rectifier bridge further comprises a voltmeter, wherein the voltmeter is used for measuring the voltage between two output ends of the rectifier bridge.
Further, the circuit further comprises an ammeter, and the ammeter is connected in series with the output end of the first resistor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. because the liquid metal medium has larger viscosity and stronger absorption capacity to ultrasonic waves, in the heating area where the plasma jet acts on the metal wire, the ultrasonic waves are continuously absorbed by the liquid metal and converted into heat, thereby improving the superheat degree of the liquid metal and being beneficial to improving the sphericity of the prepared powder.
2. Under the action of ultrasonic waves, unstable surface tension waves can appear at the interface of the liquid metal, so that the atomization efficiency and the crushing degree are higher than those of crushing the liquid metal by singly relying on the mechanical energy of plasma jet flow, and the fine powder yield and the production efficiency can be improved.
3. The plasma jet itself is utilized to generate ultrasonic wave, so that an ultrasonic source is not additionally designed in the atomizing equipment, and the equipment is simplified.
4. On the basis of the original technological parameters of plasma fuse atomization, the high-frequency interference signal parameters are added as control quantity, so that the characteristics of particle size, sphericity and the like of the obtained product can be controlled more accurately.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit connection diagram of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of the high frequency interference signal system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1-3 of the specification, the technical problem to be solved in this embodiment is that the plasma fuse atomization method has the problems of high porosity, low production speed, high energy consumption, only about 40% of fine powder yield, high cost, difficulty in supporting large-scale industrial production and application, and the like, so that an arc excitation ultrasonic plasma atomization device is provided, which comprises:
the device comprises a high-current direct-current power supply, a high-frequency interference signal system, a plasma generator and two groups of wire feeding mechanisms, wherein the high-current direct-current power supply is electrically connected with the plasma generator after being coupled with the high-frequency interference signal system, and the two groups of wire feeding mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on two sides right below a nozzle of the plasma generator.
Referring to fig. 1 of the specification, a circuit part of the present embodiment includes a plasma generator 1, a high-frequency interference signalA system 2 and a high current dc power supply 3. The high-frequency interference signal system 2 is coupled into the high-current direct-current power supply 3 in a parallel mode and is respectively electrically isolated to ensure the safety of the circuit. Starting a large-current direct-current power supply 3, and setting the output current to be constant as I 1 200A to 300A. After the plasma jet emission is stable, the output voltage U 1 Wave (U) within a certain range A ~U B ) The high-frequency interfering signal system 2 is then started. Finally, the whole coupling system provides a large current direct current signal with micro amplitude and high frequency oscillation for the plasma generator 1. Under the condition that the air inflow is unchanged, the electric arc voltage response oscillation is caused, and then the plasma jet is excited to generate ultrasonic waves to act on the metal wire.
Referring to fig. 2 of the drawings, the mechanical mechanism of the present embodiment comprises two sets of wires 4, a wire feeder 5, a wire straightener 6 and two corundum bushings 7. The two groups of wires 4 are fed continuously to the position right below the nozzle of the plasma generator 1 through the wire feeder 5, and the middle part is straightened by the wire straightening machine 6 and fixed by the corundum sleeve 7 so as to avoid bending of the wires 4. The wire feed speed is determined by the temperature and speed of the plasma jet and the frequency and wavelength of the ultrasonic waves generated by the excitation. The wire feed speed is set so that metal droplet breakup happens to occur where the plasma jet can provide sufficient kinetic energy.
Referring to fig. 3 of the specification, the high-frequency interference signal system 2 provided in this embodiment includes a frequency converter 8, a high-frequency transformer 9, voltage indicators 10 and 14, a rectifier bridge 11, a large resistor 12, and a current indicator 13. The input side of the frequency converter 8 is connected with a power frequency power supply, the output side of the frequency converter 8 is connected with the input side of the high-frequency transformer 9, and a high-frequency alternating current signal with the frequency in the range of 15 KHz-25 KHz is output; after receiving the high-frequency alternating current signal, the high-frequency transformer 9 outputs a voltage U 2 Is adjusted to 90% U A Left and right; high-frequency alternating current signals (15 KHz-25 KHz, + -90% U) pass through a rectifier bridge 11 composed of 4 diodes A ) Is converted into a direct current signal (0 to plus 90 percent U) A ) A large resistor 12 is connected in series to limit the current amplitude I of the system 2 2 （≤1% I 1 ). Voltage indicators 10 and 14 are used to monitor electricity in real timePressure U 2 The ammeter 13 is used for monitoring the disturbance current I 2 Thereby facilitating control and adjustment of the current signal supplied to the plasma generator 1. .
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "coaxial," "bottom," "one end," "top," "middle," "another end," "upper," "one side," "top," "inner," "front," "center," "two ends," etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "configured," "connected," "secured," "screwed," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intermediaries, or in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless explicitly defined otherwise, the meaning of the terms described above in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the specific circumstances.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The plasma atomizing device is characterized by comprising a high-current direct-current power supply, a high-frequency interference signal system, a plasma generator and two groups of wire feeding mechanisms, wherein the high-current direct-current power supply is electrically connected with the plasma generator after being coupled with the high-frequency interference signal system, the output current range of the high-current direct-current power supply is 200A-300A, and the two groups of wire feeding mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on two sides right below a nozzle of the plasma generator;
the wire feeding mechanism comprises a wire feeding disc, a wire feeding machine, a wire straightening machine and a corundum pipe sleeve, wherein the wire feeding disc, the wire feeding machine, the wire straightening machine and the corundum pipe sleeve are sequentially arranged from outside to the nozzle direction of the plasma generator, and the corundum pipe sleeve is arranged along the conveying direction of the wire and is fixed on the shell of the plasma atomization device of the arc excitation ultrasonic wave;
the high-frequency interference signal system comprises a power frequency power supply, a frequency converter, a high-frequency transformer, a rectifier bridge and a first resistor, wherein the input end of the frequency converter is electrically connected with the power frequency power supply, the output end of the frequency converter is electrically connected with the high-frequency transformer, the output end of the high-frequency transformer is electrically connected with the rectifier bridge, and the rectifier bridge is electrically connected with the first resistor.
2. The arc excited ultrasonic plasma atomizing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the high current dc power source is coupled in parallel with the high frequency interference signal system.
3. The arc excited ultrasonic plasma atomizing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the high current dc power source is coupled in series with the high frequency interference signal system.
4. A plasma atomizing apparatus according to any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the wire feeder is configured to control a feeding speed of the wire.
5. The arc excited ultrasonic plasma atomizing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the wire straightener is used for straightening wires.
6. The arc excited ultrasonic plasma atomizing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the corundum tube sleeve is adapted to avoid bending of the straightened wire.
7. The arc excited ultrasonic plasma atomizing apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising a voltmeter for measuring a voltage between two output terminals of the rectifier bridge.
8. The arc excited ultrasonic plasma atomizing apparatus according to claim 7, further comprising an ammeter connected in series at an output of the first resistor.
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| CN202210129439.9A CN114406276B (en) | 2022-02-11 | 2022-02-11 | Plasma atomizing device for exciting ultrasonic waves by electric arc |
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| CN202210129439.9A CN114406276B (en) | 2022-02-11 | 2022-02-11 | Plasma atomizing device for exciting ultrasonic waves by electric arc |
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| CN114406276B true CN114406276B (en) | 2024-03-29 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1449269A1 (en) * | 1987-04-15 | 1989-01-07 | Ленинградский Завод "Электрик" Им.Н.М.Шверника | Apparatus for exciting electric arc in plasmatron |
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| CN109434126A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-08 | 西安赛隆金属材料有限责任公司 | A kind of coupling ultrasonic rotation electrode fuel pulverizing plant and method |
| CN110355377A (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2019-10-22 | 曲源 | Ultrasonic wave arc system powder device and method |
| CN113414398A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-09-21 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Equipment and method for preparing metal powder by using plasma |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PT3116636T (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2020-10-19 | Tekna Plasma Systems Inc | Process and apparatus for producing powder particles by atomization of a feed material in the form of an elongated member |
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- 2022-02-11 CN CN202210129439.9A patent/CN114406276B/en active Active
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| SU1449269A1 (en) * | 1987-04-15 | 1989-01-07 | Ленинградский Завод "Электрик" Им.Н.М.Шверника | Apparatus for exciting electric arc in plasmatron |
| CN1355081A (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2002-06-26 | 清华大学 | Electric arc method for exciting ultrasonic waves |
| CN1560316A (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-01-05 | 清华大学 | Spraying method of supersonic plasma |
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