CN113414398A - Equipment and method for preparing metal powder by using plasma - Google Patents
Equipment and method for preparing metal powder by using plasma Download PDFInfo
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- CN113414398A CN113414398A CN202110685189.2A CN202110685189A CN113414398A CN 113414398 A CN113414398 A CN 113414398A CN 202110685189 A CN202110685189 A CN 202110685189A CN 113414398 A CN113414398 A CN 113414398A
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- cooling tower
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/14—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes using electric discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses equipment and a method for preparing metal powder by plasma, wherein the equipment comprises a feeding motor, a high-temperature plasma jet generator, a high-efficiency segmented cooling tower and a powder collector, wherein three feeding holes which are distributed in a central symmetry manner and a generator nozzle arranged in the central position are arranged at the top of the high-efficiency segmented cooling tower, the extension lines of the feeding holes intersect at one point, a material is arranged in the feeding holes, the feeding motor is arranged at the tail part of the material, the tail part of the material is also connected with a three-phase alternating current power supply, the generator nozzle is communicated with the high-temperature plasma jet generator, the powder collector is communicated with an outlet at the bottom of the high-efficiency segmented cooling tower, and a plurality of air inlets are arranged at the top down of the high-efficiency segmented cooling tower. The invention has the advantages of improved yield, high heating efficiency, low investment cost, and high quality metal powder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to equipment and a method for preparing metal powder by using plasma.
Background
The metal powder is widely used in advanced manufacturing industries such as additive manufacturing, and the like, and the characteristics of sphericity, particle size distribution and the like of the metal powder have obvious influence on the performance of manufactured products. The metal powder is generally required to have a particle size of below 106 μm, and the high-precision manufacturing industry even requires a particle size of 45 μm, and the powder is required to have the characteristics of high fluidity, low impurity content and the like.
Most of the metal powders are produced by atomization, but the prior art cannot obtain enough output and good product quality. The existing technical method for improving the yield of metal powder mainly comprises the steps of increasing the feeding speed and preheating the raw materials, and the key point of improving the particle size distribution is to improve the flow speed of an atomizing medium, so that the existing technology is difficult to consider in fact.
On the other hand, the powder quality is also affected by the ambient temperature during solidification from the droplets to the finished powder. Specifically, on the one hand, the ambient temperature should be high enough to prolong the solidification process of the metal droplets and provide sufficient time for droplet spheroidization; on the other hand, the microstructure of the metal is changed in a high-temperature environment, which affects the material performance, so that a quenching condition should be provided for the particles to inhibit the microstructure damage degree.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for preparing metal powder by using plasma.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an equipment of plasma preparation metal powder, a serial communication port, including feeding motor, high temperature plasma jet generator, high-efficient segmentation cooling tower and powder collector, high-efficient segmentation cooling tower top is provided with three feed inlet that becomes central symmetric distribution and sets up in the generator spout that the central point put, the feed inlet extension line intersects in a little, be provided with the material in the feed inlet, the feeding motor sets up in the material afterbody, the material afterbody still is connected with three-phase alternating current power supply, generator spout and high temperature plasma jet generator intercommunication, the export intercommunication is gone out with high-efficient segmentation cooling tower bottom to the powder collector, high-efficient segmentation cooling tower body is provided with the several air inlet from top to bottom.
Preferably, the three-phase alternating current power supply is a current stable power supply, and can monitor and feed back the remote voltage of each material.
Preferably, the feeding motor is a servo motor, the feeding motor is electrically connected with a three-phase alternating-current power supply, and the feeding motor adjusts the feeding rate through monitoring and feedback of the voltage at the far end of each material to compensate voltage fluctuation.
Preferably, a high-temperature airflow accelerating spray pipe is arranged at a generator spray nozzle inside the high-efficiency segmented cooling tower, the high-temperature airflow accelerating spray pipe is of a contraction-expansion structure, jet flow reaches the sonic velocity at the throat part, and then the sonic velocity is exceeded at the expansion section.
Preferably, the air inlet direction of the air inlet of the high-efficiency segmented cooling tower is tangent to the inner wall of the tower body.
Preferably, the bottom of the powder collector is provided with a waste heat recovery device, and an air outlet at the bottom of the waste heat recovery device is communicated with an air inlet of the high-efficiency segmented cooling tower body.
A method for preparing metal powder by plasma is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the three paths of materials are driven by a feeding motor to move towards the center together at a preset speed, when the three paths of materials approach each other, a free arc is established among the materials by a three-phase alternating current power supply, current flows through the materials in sequence, the materials are heated and melted by Joule heat, and the melted materials are crushed and atomized into fine metal droplets under the impact of high-temperature high-speed plasma jet;
(2) the metal liquid drops fall into a high-efficiency sectional cooling tower, gas at about 300-500 ℃ is introduced into the initial section of the high-efficiency sectional cooling tower to slowly cool the liquid drops so as to ensure the spheroidization time of the liquid drops, and gas close to room temperature is introduced into the rear section of the cooling tower to accelerate the cooling and solidification process of the liquid drops, so that high-quality metal powder with good sphericity and microstructure is finally formed;
(3) high-quality metal powder enters a powder collector through pneumatic transmission, gas for removing powder enters a waste heat recovery device, and the collected gas is used for gas inlet of a sectional cooling tower after being processed.
Preferably, the subsequent driving speed of the feeding motor in the step (1) is adjusted in real time by voltage detection feedback of a three-phase alternating-current power supply.
Preferably, the recovery preheating of the waste heat recovery device in the step (3) is reused for auxiliary heating of the fed material 7.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, three paths of materials are fed simultaneously, so that the overall working yield of the equipment can be improved.
2. The invention adopts current to do work to enable the material to carry out self-heating, the heating efficiency is high, the heating effect is good, and the yield improvement effect is more obvious.
3. The invention uses the three-phase alternating current which is easy to obtain in industry as the preheating energy, and can be put into operation only by voltage transformation, and the equipment investment cost is low.
4. The invention takes the three-phase alternating current which is easy to obtain in industry as the preheating energy, and each path of material is taken as the cathode and the anode of the circuit in turn, thereby ensuring that the consumption rates are similar and being convenient for controlling the feeding rate.
5. The invention effectively ensures the time required by the nodulizing of the metal liquid drops by arranging the sectional cooling tower for sectional cooling, inhibits the damage degree of the metal microstructure caused by high temperature, and improves the quality of the metal powder.
6. The invention leads in the cooling gas in the tangential direction, so that the particles in the liquid state vertically fall down along the center of the furnace chamber along with the plasma jet, and the solidified and formed powder rotates along the wall surface of the atomizing furnace along with the air flow and is carried out of the furnace chamber, thereby reducing the collision probability of the formed particles and the liquid particles and improving the sphericity of the powder.
7. According to the invention, through setting the waste heat recovery, the energy balance of the whole system is effectively improved, and the energy efficiency of the system is optimized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit connection for three materials to generate a three-phase ac free arc.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings, and the present embodiment is not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The equipment for preparing metal powder by using plasma, which is shown in fig. 1 to 3, comprises a feeding motor 1, a high-temperature plasma jet generator 2, a high-efficiency segmented cooling tower 3 and a powder collector 4, wherein the top of the high-efficiency segmented cooling tower 3 is provided with three feed inlets 5 which are distributed in a central symmetrical manner and a generator nozzle 6 which is arranged at the central position, as shown in fig. 2, the extension lines of the feed inlets 5 are intersected at one point, a material 7 is arranged in the feed inlets 5, the feeding motor 1 is arranged at the tail part of the material 7, the tail part of the material 7 is also connected with a three-phase alternating current power supply 8, the generator nozzle 6 is communicated with the high-temperature plasma jet generator 2, the powder collector 4 is communicated with the outlet at the bottom of the high-efficiency segmented cooling tower 3, and the high-efficiency segmented cooling tower body 3 is provided with a plurality of air inlets 9 from top to bottom.
Three-phase alternating current power supply 8 is the electric current stable form power, adopts the three-phase alternating current that easily acquires in the industry to carry out vary voltage work, can monitor the repayment to 7 distal end voltages of each material simultaneously, and feeding motor 1 is servo motor, and feeding motor 1 and three-phase alternating current power supply 8 electric connection, feeding motor 1 in time adjusts the feeding rate through the monitoring repayment of 7 distal end voltages of each material and compensate voltage fluctuation to realize the stability of material 7 feeding.
Inside 3 high-efficient segmentation cooling towers is provided with high-temperature airflow in generator spout 6 department and accelerates spray tube 11, and high-temperature airflow accelerates spray tube 11 for contracting-expansion structure, and the efflux reaches the sound velocity at the throat, then surpasss the sound velocity in the expansion section, and high temperature plasma jet generator 2 is the energy source of broken, atomizing molten metal material, through being provided with high-temperature airflow in generator spout 6 department and accelerating spray tube 11, can realize accelerating the high-temperature airflow to more than 1200 m/s.
The air inlet direction of the air inlet 9 of the high-efficiency sectional cooling tower 3 is tangent to the inner wall of the tower body, so that a stable and gentle laminar cooling environment is manufactured in the tower, and the probability of mutual collision of metal liquid drops is reduced.
The bottom of the powder collector 44 is provided with a waste heat recovery device 10, an air outlet at the bottom of the waste heat recovery device 10 is communicated with an air inlet 9 of the tower body of the high-efficiency segmented cooling tower 3, the gas heat after the powder is removed can be recovered by the waste heat recovery device 10, the recovered waste heat is reused, and the material 7 of the feeding material is subjected to auxiliary heating.
A method of plasma producing metal powder comprising the steps of:
(1) the three paths of materials 7 are driven by the feeding motor 1 to move towards the center together at a preset speed, as shown in figure 3, after the three paths of materials 7 approach each other, a free electric arc is established among the materials 7 by the three-phase alternating current power supply 8, current flows through each material 7 in sequence, the materials 7 are heated and melted by joule heat, the melted materials 7 are broken and atomized into fine metal droplets under the impact of high-temperature high-speed plasma jet, and the subsequent driving speed of the feeding motor 1 is adjusted in real time by the voltage detection feedback of the three-phase alternating current power supply 8.
(2) The metal liquid drops into a high-efficiency sectional cooling tower 3, gas with the temperature of about 300-500 ℃ is introduced into the initial section of the high-efficiency sectional cooling tower 3, the liquid drops are slowly cooled to ensure the spheroidization time, gas with the temperature close to room temperature is introduced into the subsequent section of the cooling tower, the cooling solidification process of the liquid drops is accelerated, and finally high-quality metal powder with good sphericity and microstructure is formed.
(3) High-quality metal powder enters the powder collector 4 through pneumatic transmission, the metal powder is collected in the powder collector 4, gas for removing powder enters the waste heat recovery device 10, and the collected gas is used for air inlet of the high-efficiency segmented cooling tower 3 after being processed.
According to the invention, three paths of materials are simultaneously fed, the materials are directly heated by using a three-phase alternating current power supply, and rapid spheroidization solidification of metal droplets is realized in a segmented cooling mode, so that the yield can be greatly improved, the heating efficiency is higher, the investment cost is lower, the damage degree of a metal microstructure due to high temperature can be effectively inhibited when the spheroidization of the metal droplets is required, high-quality metal powder is obtained, the energy balance of the whole system is effectively improved through subsequent preheating recovery, and the system energy efficiency is optimized.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an equipment of plasma preparation metal powder, a serial communication port, including feeding motor, high temperature plasma jet generator, high-efficient segmentation cooling tower and powder collector, high-efficient segmentation cooling tower top is provided with three feed inlet that becomes central symmetric distribution and sets up in the generator spout that the central point put, the feed inlet extension line intersects in a little, be provided with the material in the feed inlet, the feeding motor sets up in the material afterbody, the material afterbody still is connected with three-phase alternating current power supply, generator spout and high temperature plasma jet generator intercommunication, the export intercommunication is gone out with high-efficient segmentation cooling tower bottom to the powder collector, high-efficient segmentation cooling tower body is provided with the several air inlet from top to bottom.
2. An apparatus for plasma production of metal powder according to claim 1, wherein: the three-phase alternating current power supply is a current stable power supply and can monitor and feed back the remote voltage of each material.
3. An apparatus for plasma production of metal powder according to claim 1, wherein: the feeding motor is a servo motor and is electrically connected with a three-phase alternating current power supply, and the feeding motor adjusts the feeding rate to compensate voltage fluctuation through monitoring feedback of the voltage at the far end of each material.
4. An apparatus for plasma production of metal powder according to claim 1, wherein: the high-temperature airflow accelerating spray pipe is arranged at a generator nozzle inside the high-efficiency segmented cooling tower, the high-temperature airflow accelerating spray pipe is of a contraction-expansion structure, and jet flow reaches the sonic velocity at the throat part and then exceeds the sonic velocity at the expansion section.
5. An apparatus for plasma production of metal powder according to claim 1, wherein: the air inlet direction of the air inlet of the high-efficiency sectional cooling tower is tangent to the inner wall of the tower body.
6. An apparatus for plasma production of metal powder according to claim 1, wherein: and a waste heat recovery device is arranged at the bottom of the powder collector, and an air outlet at the bottom of the waste heat recovery device is communicated with an air inlet of the high-efficiency segmented cooling tower body.
7. A method for preparing metal powder by plasma is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the three paths of materials are driven by a feeding motor to move towards the center together at a preset speed, when the three paths of materials approach each other, a free arc is established among the materials by a three-phase alternating current power supply, current flows through the materials in sequence, the materials are heated and melted by Joule heat, and the melted materials are crushed and atomized into fine metal droplets under the impact of high-temperature high-speed plasma jet;
(2) the metal liquid drops fall into a high-efficiency sectional cooling tower, gas at about 300-500 ℃ is introduced into the initial section of the high-efficiency sectional cooling tower to slowly cool the liquid drops so as to ensure the spheroidization time of the liquid drops, and gas close to room temperature is introduced into the rear section of the cooling tower to accelerate the cooling and solidification process of the liquid drops, so that high-quality metal powder with good sphericity and microstructure is finally formed;
(3) high-quality metal powder enters a powder collector through pneumatic transmission, gas for removing powder enters a waste heat recovery device, and the collected gas is used for gas inlet of a sectional cooling tower after being processed.
8. A method of plasma producing metal powder according to claim 7, wherein: and (2) adjusting the subsequent driving speed of the feeding motor in the step (1) in real time by voltage detection feedback of the three-phase alternating-current power supply.
9. A method of plasma producing metal powder according to claim 7, wherein: and (4) the recovery preheating of the waste heat recovery device in the step (3) is reused for auxiliary heating of the fed material 7.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110685189.2A CN113414398A (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Equipment and method for preparing metal powder by using plasma |
| PCT/CN2021/112223 WO2022267199A1 (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-08-12 | Device and method for preparing metal powder by means of plasma |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110685189.2A CN113414398A (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Equipment and method for preparing metal powder by using plasma |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113414398A true CN113414398A (en) | 2021-09-21 |
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| CN202110685189.2A Pending CN113414398A (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2021-06-21 | Equipment and method for preparing metal powder by using plasma |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN113414398A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2022267199A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114226741A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-25 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Electric preheating type plasma atomization device |
| CN114406276A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-04-29 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Plasma atomization device for exciting ultrasonic waves by electric arc |
| CN115213420A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-10-21 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Metal powder preparation furnace |
| CN115213420B (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-04-26 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Metal powder preparation stove |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114226741A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-25 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Electric preheating type plasma atomization device |
| WO2023115673A1 (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-29 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Electric preheating type plasma atomization device |
| CN114406276A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-04-29 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Plasma atomization device for exciting ultrasonic waves by electric arc |
| CN114406276B (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2024-03-29 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Plasma atomizing device for exciting ultrasonic waves by electric arc |
| CN115213420A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-10-21 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Metal powder preparation furnace |
| CN115213420B (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-04-26 | 江苏天楹等离子体科技有限公司 | Metal powder preparation stove |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022267199A1 (en) | 2022-12-29 |
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Application publication date: 20210921 |