CN114405935A - Environment-friendly metal surface rust and dirt removing cleaning method - Google Patents
Environment-friendly metal surface rust and dirt removing cleaning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114405935A CN114405935A CN202210159212.9A CN202210159212A CN114405935A CN 114405935 A CN114405935 A CN 114405935A CN 202210159212 A CN202210159212 A CN 202210159212A CN 114405935 A CN114405935 A CN 114405935A
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 241000221535 Pucciniales Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011086 high cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B13/00—Accessories or details of general applicability for machines or apparatus for cleaning
Landscapes
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a complete environment-friendly metal surface rust-removing dirt-removing burr-removing cleaning device and a process method under a plasma environment, wherein the cleaning device is characterized in that: a vacuum chamber used as a closed cleaning environment, a metal workpiece to be cleaned used as a plasma discharge cathode, an independent discharge anode, a high-voltage direct current or pulse power supply or an arc power supply used as a plasma power supply; the cleaning process is characterized in that: working vacuum 10‑5‑105Pa, Ar or N as process atmosphere2Or no additional ventilation is needed, and the working voltage is 10-105V; the process results are as follows: oil stains, rusts and burrs on the surface of the metal workpiece are gasified, ionized, etched and sprayed to be separated from the metal surface, and deposited, adsorbed and cured on the surface of the anode or the equipment shell; the invention thoroughly eliminates the waste liquid and waste gas discharge and dust noise pollution which are necessarily accompanied when the traditional surface is cleaned, and the formed fresh surface has atomic-level cleaning performance。
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal processing and environmental protection, and particularly relates to an environment-friendly cleaning device and a cleaning method for removing rust, dirt and burrs on the surface of a metal material.
Background
With the development of science and technology and the improvement of people's life, various articles contacted and used in the life and work practice of people not only require the articles to be environment-friendly, but also hope that the production process is environment-friendly.
Among them, the metal surface treatment related industry is a serious disaster area of the environmental storm, because 1, almost all metal products need to be subjected to surface treatment before becoming formal commodities and being sold for use, no matter for beauty, or for corrosion prevention and wear resistance improvement, 2, although the conventional metal surface treatment method, hot dipping, electroplating, anodic oxidation, spraying, paint spraying and other technologies have different degrees of environmental risks, because the metal products can be closed in a space for operation and recycling, the environmental risks can be controlled to a certain degree, 3, all metal materials need to be subjected to surface cleaning before the surface treatment, and the conventional cleaning method comprises acid cleaning for removing rust and alkali cleaning for removing oil stains, and needs to be replaced frequently to ensure that cleaning solution can not cause anti-pollution to subsequent workpieces, the waste liquid of acid washing and alkali washing causes the maximum pollution; in the environmental protection operation regulation, the waste liquid is required to be neutralized and precipitated firstly, then the precipitate is dehydrated and then sent to a special environmental protection waste product mechanism for recycling treatment; the construction of a special processing system and the recovery processing of a special mechanism greatly increase the production and operation cost and the management risk of enterprises.
At present, other metal surface cleaning treatment means such as mechanical polishing, grinding and sand blasting exist, on one hand, the labor intensity is very high, and on the other hand, huge dust and noise pollution also exist; the latest development of the method is laser ablation cleaning, the equipment is expensive, the treatment efficiency is low, and meanwhile, the ablated substances are in a gasified and granular state and drift around, which also causes pollution to the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a completely environment-friendly cleaning device and a cleaning method for removing rust, dirt and burrs on a metal surface, and solves the problems of huge pollution, severe working conditions and poor surface cleaning cleanliness existing in the conventional metal surface engineering during cleaning by an acid washing and mechanical cleaning method.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a completely environment-friendly metal surface rust-removing dirt-removing burr-removing cleaning device in a plasma environment, which comprises the following components: the vacuum chamber is used as a vacuum chamber for sealing a cleaning environment, the metal workpiece to be cleaned is used as a plasma discharge cathode, the independent discharge anode is used as a high-voltage direct current or pulse power supply or an arc power supply of a plasma power supply.
Preferably, the vacuum chamber has two forms, one vacuum chamber form in which single-furnace cleaning is performed, and a plurality of vacuum chamber forms in which continuous cleaning or beat-to-beat cleaning can be performed;
preferably, relative motion exists between the discharge cathode of the metal workpiece and the independent discharge anode in the cleaning process, so that the surface of the metal workpiece is comprehensively and uniformly cleaned;
preferably, the cleaning equipment can form a surface magnetic field on the surface of the metal workpiece through an external electromagnetic coil and/or an internal permanent magnet, and the magnetic induction intensity is between 0 and 10000 gauss;
preferably, the cleaning equipment forms the cleaning environment (working vacuum degree and atmosphere) by forming a required vacuum environment by using a vacuum system composed of a vacuum pump, a vacuum pipeline, a vacuum gauge and the like, and introducing required Ar or N by using a gas flowmeter2And the like process gases;
according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cleaning process and a cleaning method for the environmental protection cleaning equipment according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the cleaning process is characterized in that: working vacuum 10-5-105Pa, Ar or N as process atmosphere2Or no additional ventilation is needed, and the working voltage is 10-105V; the process results are as follows: oil stains, rusts and burrs on the surface of the metal workpiece are gasified, ionized, etched and sprayed to be separated from the surface of the metal workpiece, and deposited, adsorbed and cured on the surface of the anode or the equipment shell;
the method comprises the following steps:
step one, opening a vacuum chamber, fixing a metal workpiece on an electrode connected with a negative electrode of a discharge power supply in the vacuum chamber,
step twoClosing the vacuum chamber, vacuumizing the vacuum chamber to a required vacuum degree by using a vacuum system, introducing process gas, wherein the maximum working vacuum degree range is 10-5-105Pa, preferably working vacuum degree of 10-3-10Pa，
Step three, starting the metal workpiece and the discharge anode to carry out relative motion, starting a magnetic field around the workpiece to be cleaned,
step four, starting the discharge power supply to work, generating plasma on the surface of the metal workpiece, wherein the plasma has the functions of cleaning, etching and removing oil stains, rusts and burrs,
step five, the surface of the metal workpiece is atomically clean, the cleaning is finished, a discharge power supply, a process gas input and a vacuum pump are sequentially closed to work, the vacuum chamber is deflated, and the workpiece is taken out; one duty cycle is completed.
Preferably, the discharge power supply is an arc power supply with the working voltage of 0.1-100V and the working voltage of 100-10V4V, high-voltage direct-current power supply, or pulse arc or high-voltage power supply with pulse frequency of 1-1000 kHz;
preferably, the discharge power supply in the fourth step operates, or the arc power supply operates alone, or the high-voltage power supply operates alone, or the arc power supply and the high-voltage power supply are in an operating state.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with an acid pickling method, the technology has no waste liquid discharge; compared with grinding and mechanical shot blasting, the technology has the advantages of no dust and noise pollution, low labor intensity, high cleaning surface quality, no particle residue and the like; the technology of the invention can solve the pollution problem which disturbs the development of the industry for a long time, brings vitality to enterprises which are difficult to hold under the environmental protection pressure, also brings keys to upgrade and upgrade of the Chinese enterprise, cleans the surface of the metal workpiece, changes the traditional pollution, high labor intensity and bad working environment into the environment-friendly, easy, interesting and high-end work, and becomes the mainstream core and indispensable advanced technology of the surface engineering industry in the future.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a plasma environmental cleaning system for metal workpieces according to the present disclosure;
the reference numbers: 1 is a plasma cleaning process chamber (closed chamber), 2 is a metal workpiece, 3 is a plasma discharge anode, 4 is a process chamber vacuumizing system, 5 is a process chamber process gas input system, 6 is a plasma power supply, and the left side of the process chamber process gas input system is provided with a plasma power supply
Indicating the negative pole of the power supply, right side
The positive electrode of the power supply is shown, 7 is a lead wire connecting the power supply and the metal workpiece, and 8 is a lead wire connecting the power supply and the positive electrode of the plasma discharge.
Detailed Description
The above features and advantages of the present invention, and those that characterize it, will be apparent from the following more particular description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the different views.
The structure of the plasma environment-friendly cleaning system for the metal workpiece is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following components: a closed cavity process treatment vacuum chamber 1 with proper size, shape and structure, a metal workpiece 2 to be treated and a special positive electrode 3 for plasma discharge which are arranged in the vacuum chamber 1, a vacuum system 4 is used for vacuumizing the vacuum chamber 1 to obtain a required vacuum environment, process gas used in the plasma cleaning process is input through a process gas input system 5, a power supply 6 used for plasma discharge is independently arranged in a power supply cabinet, the negative electricity output by the power supply 6 is connected with the metal workpiece through a lead 7, and a lead 8 is a connecting wire between the positive electrode of the power supply and the positive electrode of the plasma discharge.
The vacuum process chamber 1 is made of a metal material, generally stainless steel, and has different structural forms: one vacuum chamber form for performing single furnace cleaning, and a plurality of vacuum chamber forms for performing continuous cleaning or beat cleaning;
the metal workpiece discharge cathode 2 and the independent discharge anode 3 have relative motion in the cleaning working process, so that the surface of the metal workpiece is comprehensively and uniformly cleaned; by externally arranging an electromagnetic coil and/or internally arranging a permanent magnet, a surface magnetic field can be formed on the surface of the metal workpiece 2, and the magnetic induction intensity is between 0 and 10000 Gauss;
a vacuum system 4 consisting of a vacuum pump, a vacuum pipeline, a vacuum gauge and the like is utilized to form a vacuum environment required by the vacuum chamber 1; the gas input 5 is generally a gas mass flow meter which feeds the required Ar or N2The process gas is input into the vacuum chamber 1;
the discharge power supply 6 can be an arc power supply with the working voltage of 0.1-100V or (and) the working voltage of 100-10V4V high-voltage direct-current power supply or (and) pulse arc or high-voltage power supply with pulse frequency of 1-1000 kHz;
the invention also provides a cleaning process and a cleaning method of the environment-friendly cleaning equipment, wherein the cleaning process is characterized in that: working vacuum 10-5-105Pa, Ar or N as process atmosphere2Or no additional ventilation is needed, and the working voltage is 10-105V; the process results are as follows: oil stains, rusts and burrs on the surface of the metal workpiece are gasified, ionized, etched and sprayed to be separated from the metal surface, and deposited, adsorbed and cured on the surface of the anode or the equipment shell;
the cleaning method comprises the following steps:
step one, opening a vacuum chamber, fixing a metal workpiece on an electrode connected with a negative electrode of a discharge power supply in the vacuum chamber,
step two, closing the vacuum chamber, vacuumizing the vacuum chamber to a required vacuum degree by using a vacuum system, introducing process gas, wherein the maximum working vacuum degree range is 10-5-105Pa, preferably working vacuum degree of 10-3-10Pa，
Step three, starting the metal workpiece and the discharge anode to carry out relative motion, starting a magnetic field around the workpiece to be cleaned,
step four, starting the discharge power supply to work, generating plasma on the surface of the metal workpiece, wherein the plasma has the functions of cleaning, etching and removing oil stains, rusts and burrs,
step five, the surface of the metal workpiece is atomically clean, the cleaning is finished, a discharge power supply, a process gas input and a vacuum pump are sequentially closed to work, the vacuum chamber is deflated, and the workpiece is taken out; one duty cycle is completed.
In the fourth step, the discharge power supply 6 is operated by either the arc power supply alone or the high-voltage power supply alone, or the arc power supply and the high-voltage power supply are in an operating state.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a stainless steel vacuum chamber with the height of 1 meter and the diameter of 1 meter; a mechanical pump and a molecular pump form a vacuum pumping system; the process gas is Ar.
The metal workpiece to be cleaned is common carbon steel, and is a thin plate with the length of 600mm, the width and the height of 100mm and the thickness of 0.2 mm; the special plasma discharge anode is a flat plate surface, the width of the special plasma discharge anode is 200mm, the length of the special plasma discharge anode is 800mm, and a permanent magnet mechanism and a cooling water system are arranged in the flat plate and used for ensuring uniform and continuous discharge.
The adopted plasma power supply is a pulse high-voltage power supply, and glow plasma is formed on the surface of the metal workpiece in the discharging process.
The whole process comprises the following steps: placing the metal workpiece into a vacuum chamber, and vacuumizing to 5x10-3Pa, introducing working gas Ar to the working pressure of 0.5Pa, starting a plasma power supply, discharging the plasma with the discharge voltage of 600V and the discharge current of 15A for 20 minutes to finish cleaning, introducing atmosphere into the vacuum chamber, opening the vacuum chamber, and taking out the metal workpiece which is subjected to plasma cleaning.
Example two:
a stainless steel vacuum chamber with the height of 1 meter and the diameter of 1 meter; a mechanical pump and a molecular pump form a vacuum pumping system; the process gas is Ar.
The metal workpiece to be cleaned is a round bar made of common carbon steel, the length of the round bar is 600mm, and the diameter of the round bar is 100 mm; the periphery of the workpiece is cleaned, and an electromagnetic coil is wound on the periphery of the workpiece and used for ensuring uniform and continuous discharge; the special plasma discharge anode is a plate surface, and has the width of 200mm and the length of 800 mm.
The adopted plasma power supply is an arc power supply, and arc plasma is formed on the surface of the metal workpiece in the discharging process.
The whole process comprises the following steps: placing the metal workpiece into a vacuum chamber, and vacuumizing to 5x10-3Pa, introducing working gas Ar to the working pressure of 0.1Pa, starting a plasma power supply, keeping the discharge voltage of the plasma at 20V and the discharge current at 150A, continuously discharging and cleaning for 5 minutes to finish cleaning, then introducing atmosphere into the vacuum chamber, opening the vacuum chamber, and taking out the metal workpiece which is finished with the plasma cleaning.
The above-mentioned embodiments are provided to further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like, which come within the spirit and principle of the invention, are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A complete environment-friendly metal surface rust removal, dirt removal and burr removal cleaning device and a process method under a plasma environment are disclosed, wherein the cleaning device is characterized in that: a vacuum chamber used as a closed cleaning environment, a metal workpiece to be cleaned used as a plasma discharge cathode, an independent discharge anode, a high-voltage direct current or pulse power supply or an arc power supply used as a plasma power supply; the cleaning process is characterized in that: working vacuum 10-5-105Pa, Ar or N as process atmosphere2Or no additional ventilation is needed, and the working voltage is 10-105V; the process results are as follows: greasy dirt, rust and burr on the surface of the metal workpiece are gasified, ionized, etched and sprayed to separate from the metal surface, and are deposited, adsorbed and cured on the surface of the anode or the equipment shell.
2. The metal surface environmental-friendly cleaning equipment according to claim 1, wherein the vacuum chamber is in two forms, one vacuum chamber form for performing single-furnace cleaning, and a plurality of vacuum chamber forms for performing continuous cleaning or beat-to-beat cleaning.
3. The environment-friendly metal surface cleaning equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein relative motion exists between the discharge cathode of the metal workpiece and the independent discharge anode in the cleaning process, so that the surface of the metal workpiece is comprehensively and uniformly cleaned.
4. The environment-friendly metal surface cleaning equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the cleaning process, a surface magnetic field is formed on the surface of the metal workpiece through an external electromagnetic coil and/or an internal permanent magnet, and the magnetic induction intensity is 0-10000 Gauss.
5. The environment-friendly metal surface cleaning equipment according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning environment (working vacuum degree and atmosphere) is formed by forming a required vacuum environment by using a vacuum system comprising a vacuum pump, a vacuum pipeline, a vacuum gauge and the like, and introducing required Ar or N by using a gas flowmeter2And the like.
6. A method for cleaning a metal surface according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
step one, opening a vacuum chamber, fixing a metal workpiece on an electrode connected with a negative electrode of a discharge power supply in the vacuum chamber,
step two, closing the vacuum chamber, vacuumizing the vacuum chamber to a required vacuum degree by using a vacuum system, introducing process gas, wherein the maximum working vacuum degree range is 10-5-105Pa, preferably working vacuum degree of 10-3-10Pa，
Step three, starting the metal workpiece and the discharge anode to perform relative motion,
step four, starting the discharge power supply to work, generating plasma on the surface of the metal workpiece, wherein the plasma has the functions of cleaning, etching and removing oil stains, rusts and burrs,
step five, the surface of the metal workpiece is atomically clean, the cleaning is finished, a discharge power supply, a process gas input and a vacuum pump are sequentially closed to work, the vacuum chamber is deflated, and the workpiece is taken out; one duty cycle is completed.
7. The metal surface cleaning method according to claim 6, wherein the discharge power source is an arc power source with an operating voltage of 0.1-100V and an operating voltage of 100-10V4V high-voltage direct current power supply, or pulse arc or high-voltage power supply with pulse frequency of 1-1000 kHz.
8. The metal surface cleaning method according to claim 6, wherein the discharge power supply in the fourth step is operated, or the arc power supply is operated alone, or the high voltage power supply is operated alone, or the arc power supply and the high voltage power supply are operated first.
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| CN202210159212.9A CN114405935A (en) | 2022-02-22 | 2022-02-22 | Environment-friendly metal surface rust and dirt removing cleaning method |
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