CN114391541A - Plant salt-resistant agent and application thereof - Google Patents
Plant salt-resistant agent and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114391541A CN114391541A CN202210070392.3A CN202210070392A CN114391541A CN 114391541 A CN114391541 A CN 114391541A CN 202210070392 A CN202210070392 A CN 202210070392A CN 114391541 A CN114391541 A CN 114391541A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural preparations, and particularly relates to application of a chitosan derivative in plant salt resistance. The application of the chitosan derivative shown as the formula I in plant salt resistance; the derivative is prepared into a preparation with the concentration of 1-1000mg/L, and the salt resistance effect of crops is enhanced by seed soaking, root irrigation or spraying. The plant salt-resistant regulator has the effects of inducing plants to resist salt, improving the yield and quality of crops, being environment-friendly, promoting growth and the like, and has good application potential.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural preparations, and particularly relates to application of a chitosan derivative in plant salt resistance.
Background
At present, the salinization soil area of China reaches 6.67 hundred million hectares, which accounts for 1/4 of the arable area of China, the double effects of natural factors and human factors make the problem of salinization soil increasingly serious, and the salinization soil affects about 50% of the arable area in 2050, which is also one of the main reasons for reducing the yield of crops, and a considerable part of crop varieties are difficult to develop the yield increase and high-quality potential due to the influence of different degrees of salinization, thereby seriously restricting the development of agriculture. According to statistics, the annual economic loss of China caused by soil salinization is about billions of yuan, and the yield reduction caused by abiotic stress accounts for more than 20%.
The crops are weak in seed germination period and seedling period, sensitive to salt tolerance, and broken in water potential and ion distribution balance, so that the crop growth is inhibited, photosynthesis is reduced, energy consumption is increased, senescence is accelerated, the growth amount is reduced, and the crop yield is finally influenced. The method is characterized in that whether plants have correlation between drought resistance and salt resistance or not is determined by predecessors, salt resistance and drought resistance of different varieties of alfalfa are identified by Liuzhuo, and the results show that the salt resistance and the drought resistance of the same variety of alfalfa are different. The results of the comparison of the salt tolerance and the drought resistance of the plum Shujin on different varieties of rice show that the tolerance of the rice to salt stress and drought has high correlation. From the above, it is uncertain whether different varieties of the same plant have a relationship between salt resistance and drought resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the application of the chitosan derivative with novel structure and environmental friendliness in plant salt resistance.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that the chitosan aminobutyric acid derivative is shown in a general formula I:
in the formula I, the compound has the following structure,
n＝1-250。
the concentration of the chitosan derivative is 1mg/L-1000 mg/L.
The concentration of the chitosan derivative is 500mg/L-800 mg/L.
The chitosan derivative is used as an active ingredient to prepare a preparation, wherein the preparation is water, powder, wettable powder, missible oil, a suspending agent or a microemulsion.
The plant is a monocotyledon or a dicotyledon.
The plant is wheat, corn, rice, cotton, soybean.
The principle is as follows: the aminobutyric acid contains carboxyl, can be subjected to esterification reaction with 2-site active amino in chitosan, and because amino groups exist in the aminobutyric acid at the same time, the carboxyl activated by the aminobutyric acid which does not react in time can be grafted to the amino position of the aminobutyric acid grafted onto the chitosan oligosaccharide, so that the synthesized derivative is the chitosan polyaminobutyric acid derivative. The salt resistance regulator prepared from the obtained derivative can improve the resistance of plants to salt stress, and the used raw materials are beneficial to plant absorption, have rich sources and are environment-friendly.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the derivative, small aminobutyric acid molecules are introduced into a chitosan structure, and the small aminobutyric acid molecules and the chitosan structure generate a synergistic interaction effect, so that the salt resistance activity of the derivative is remarkably improved.
2. The chitosan aminobutyric acid derivative prepared by the method has good solubility, can be dissolved in various solvents, and expands the application field of the chitosan aminobutyric acid derivative.
3. The derivative can be widely used for various plants including monocotyledons and dicotyledons, and common crops comprise wheat, corn, soybean and the like; the plant salt-resistant regulator can be used as a plant salt-resistant regulator, has the effects of inducing plant salt resistance, improving the yield and quality of crops, ensuring normal growth and development of the crops, and has the advantages of environmental friendliness, growth promotion effect and the like, and has good application potential.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an infrared spectrum of chitosan.
FIG. 2 is an infrared spectrum of chitosan derivative 1.
FIG. 3 is an infrared spectrum of chitosan derivative 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The derivative is prepared into a preparation with the concentration of 1-1000mg/L, the salt resistance effect of crops is enhanced by seed soaking, root irrigation or spraying, and the salt resistance regulator can be widely applied to various plants including monocotyledons and dicotyledons, and common crops include wheat, corn, soybean and the like. The plant salt-resistant regulator has the effects of inducing plants to resist salt, improving the yield and quality of crops, being environment-friendly, promoting growth and the like, and has good application potential.
The chitosan aminobutyric acid derivative 1(COS-G) described in the following examples is represented by formula I, wherein R is
The chitosan aminobutyric acid derivative 2(COS-B) is shown in the formula I, wherein R is
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
dissolving gamma-aminobutyric acid or beta-aminobutyric acid in 0.1mol/L morpholine ethanesulfonic acid aqueous solution with pH value of 5.5, uniformly mixing, then adding 1-ethyl- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC. HCl) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), and stirring at room temperature for reacting for 2 hours; adding chitosan into the reaction solution and continuously stirring for 24 hours; and after the reaction is finished, filling the reaction solution into a dialysis bag, dialyzing with deionized water, and freeze-drying to obtain the chitosan aminobutyric acid derivative shown in the formula I.
Adding gamma-aminobutyric acid or beta-aminobutyric acid into morpholine ethanesulfonic acid buffer solution with the concentration of 0.1mol/LpH ═ 5.5, then respectively adding 1-ethyl-3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC. HCl) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), uniformly mixing, stirring for 3 hours at room temperature, then adding chitosan, stirring for 12 hours at room temperature, and after the reaction is finished, dialyzing and freeze-drying the reaction solution to obtain a sample.
Example 1
Chitosan aminobutyric acid derivative 1(COS-G), chitosan aminobutyric acid derivative 2(COS-B), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and 1K Da Chitosan Oligosaccharide (COS) are prepared into 500mg/L solution through distilled water.
Seed treatment:
selecting a certain amount of wheat seeds with uniform size, disinfecting the wheat seeds for 30s by using 75% ethanol, repeatedly washing the wheat seeds by using deionized water, and then soaking the wheat seeds for 8h by using 25mL of deionized water, GABA, BABA, 1K COS and COS-G, COS-B respectively at room temperature. A total of 7 treatment groups of 40 seeds were used, as shown in the following table:
TABLE 1 different treatment combinations for wheat seeds
| Treatment of | Seed soaking concentration (mg/L) of exogenous material |
| Blank Control (CK) | 0 |
| Salt control (NaCl) | 0 |
| GABA | 500 |
| BABA | 500 |
| COS | 500 |
| COS-G | 500 |
| COS-B | 500 |
After soaking seeds for 8h, selecting wheat seeds with full seeds and uniform sizes in each treatment group, placing the wheat seeds in a culture dish filled with a plastic net, adding 100mmol/L NaCl solution to half of the wheat seeds except the CK group, treating 40 wheat seeds in each treatment, repeating the steps, and carrying out light-shielding germination acceleration in an incubator at 25 ℃ for 24h while continuously supplementing water. After three days, it was transferred to Hoagland's nutrient solution containing 100mmol/L NaCl. Growth conditions are as follows: the illumination period is 14h/10 h; the temperature was 25 deg.C/19 deg.C. The wheat is in the two-leaf one-heart stage to determine related physiological indexes (see tables 2-4).
TABLE 2 Effect of plant salt-resistant formulations on wheat seedling Biomass
| Group of | Length of seedling cm | Root length cm | Fresh weight g of seedling | Dry weight g of seedling |
| CK | 23.4 | 18.2 | 0.42 | 0.0461 |
| NaCl | 15.3 | 7.5 | 0.17 | 0.0239 |
| GABA | 17.7 | 8.8 | 0.20 | 0.0275 |
| BABA | 17.6 | 8.4 | 0.21 | 0.0279 |
| COS | 17.0 | 8.5 | 0.21 | 0.0274 |
| COS-G | 18.2 | 9.3 | 0.25 | 0.0314 |
| COS-B | 18.7 | 9.5 | 0.24 | 0.0287 |
It can be seen from table 2 that the seedling length, root length, fresh weight and dry weight of wheat seedlings are significantly inhibited under salt stress, and compared with the salt stress group, after treatment with the derivative COS-G, the seedling length of wheat seedlings is increased by 19.0%, the root length is increased by 24%, the fresh weight of roots is increased by 47.1%, the dry weight of roots is increased by 31.4%, the effect is superior to that of the raw materials, which indicates that the derivative can significantly improve the salt stress resistance of wheat seedlings to ensure normal growth thereof.
TABLE 3 Effect of plant salt-resistant formulations on the MDA content of wheat leaves
| Treatment of | MDA content |
| Blank Control (CK) | 0.011 |
| Salt control (NaCl) | 0.026 |
| GABA | 0.020 |
| BABA | 0.019 |
| COS | 0.022 |
| COS-G | 0.014 |
| COS-B | 0.017 |
Malondialdehyde accumulation is somewhat inversely related to plant growth, and its content represents the extent of plasma membrane damage. The experimental result shows that the malondialdehyde content of the wheat seedling treated by the salt is remarkably increased, the MDA content in the wheat leaf blade can be remarkably reduced after the wheat is treated by the exogenous derivative, the integrity of the cell membrane structure is protected, the effect of the chitosan aminobutyric acid derivative 1 is better than that of the chitosan aminobutyric acid derivative 2, the MDA content of the wheat leaf blade is reduced by 46.2% through the adjustment of COS-G compared with a salt stress group, and the effect of relieving the salt stress of the wheat can be remarkably achieved.
TABLE 4 Effect of plant salt-resistant preparations on the photosynthetic System of wheat seedlings
| Fv/Fo | Fv/Fm | NPQ | Rfd | |
| CK | 3.63 | 0.83 | 0.64 | 1.17 |
| NaCl | 3.32 | 0.79 | 0.87 | 0.85 |
| GABA | 3.52 | 0.80 | 0.76 | 1.36 |
| BABA | 3.84 | 0.81 | 0.79 | 1.53 |
| COS | 4.08 | 0.80 | 0.75 | 1.53 |
| COS-G | 4.23 | 0.83 | 0.62 | 1.72 |
| COS-B | 3.95 | 0.81 | 0.59 | 1.62 |
Photosynthesis, as the physiological basis for plant growth and development, is very sensitive to salt stress. Therefore, the research on the response of photosynthesis to salt stress is an important way to understand the mechanism of plant stress and to enhance the salt resistance. Compared with the blank CK group, the NaCl group has decreased Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm and Rfd under salt stress, while the NPQ shows an opposite trend, which shows that the plant light energy reaction center is damaged, the plant is inhibited by light, the fluorescence attenuation rate Rfd is significantly reduced, namely the plant vigor is reduced. Compared with the salt stress group, after exogenous treatment, Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm and Rfd are obviously increased, and NPQ is reduced, so that the damage of the reaction center of PS II is reduced. The Fv/Fm reduction is a remarkable characteristic that a PS II reaction center is damaged and photoinhibition occurs, the Fv/Fm value of a healthy plant is 0.83, the value is reduced after salt stress, and the value is recovered to be 0.83 after the treatment of the derivative COS-G, which shows that the derivative effectively relieves the damage of the salt stress to the plant.
TABLE 5 Effect of plant salt-resistant preparations on wheat seedling reactive oxygen species
| Group of | SOD(U/g) | CAT(U/g/min) | POD(U/g/min) |
| CK | 239.0 | 368.7 | 1797.3 |
| NaCl | 264.0 | 270.4 | 2660.5 |
| GABA | 244.6 | 282.3 | 2201.4 |
| BABA | 249.5 | 331.0 | 1600.8 |
| COS | 236.3 | 308.1 | 2189.0 |
| COS-G | 289.8 | 394.5 | 2278.3 |
| COS-B | 267.4 | 353.2 | 2236.6 |
Under the stress of salt, the activity in the plant body is generated in large quantity, the dynamic balance of a clearing system is broken, and at the moment, an antioxidase system is changed to a certain extent so as to maintain the stability of the structure and the function of a cell membrane. The antioxidant enzyme in the plant body consists of superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD) and Catalase (CAT), is improved under the condition of salt stress, the CAT activity is inhibited, and the antioxidant enzyme reacts with active oxygen free radicals after different treatments of exogenous substances, and the scavenging effect on the active oxygen free radicals is enhanced through the combined action of the antioxidant enzyme systems. The data result in table 5 shows that the SOD, POD and CAT enzyme activities of the derivative 1 after treatment are all obviously higher than those of the salt stress group, the effect is better than that of the raw materials, the resistance of the plant to the salt stress can be improved, and the stress relieving capability of the chitosan aminobutyric acid derivative 1 is better than that of the chitosan derivative 2.
Example 2:
chitosan aminobutyric acid derivative 1(COS-G), chitosan aminobutyric acid derivative 2(COS-B), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), beta-aminobutyric acid (BABA) and 1K Da Chitosan Oligosaccharide (COS) are prepared into 1000mg/L solution.
Seed treatment:
selecting a certain amount of wheat seeds with uniform size, disinfecting the wheat seeds for 30s by using 75% ethanol, repeatedly washing the wheat seeds by using deionized water, and then soaking the wheat seeds for 8h by using 25mL of deionized water, NO, GABA, BABA, 1K COS and COS-G, COS-B respectively at room temperature. A total of 7 treatment groups, as shown in the following table:
TABLE 6 different treatment combinations for wheat seeds
| Treatment of | Concentration of exogenous material (mg/L) |
| Blank Control (CK) | 0 |
| Salt control (NaCl) | 0 |
| |
1000 |
| |
1000 |
| |
1000 |
| COS- |
1000 |
| COS- |
1000 |
After soaking seeds for 8h, selecting wheat seeds with full seeds and uniform sizes in each group, placing the wheat seeds in a culture dish containing a plastic net, adding 100mmol/L NaCl solution except CK groups until half of the wheat seeds are not grown, treating 40 wheat seeds in each group, repeating the steps, and carrying out light-shielding germination acceleration in an incubator at 25 ℃ for 24h, wherein water is continuously supplemented in the period. After three days, it was transferred to Hoagland's nutrient solution at 100mmol/L NaCl. Growth conditions are as follows: the illumination period is 14h/10 h; the temperature was 25 deg.C/19 deg.C. The wheat is in the two-leaf one-heart stage to determine related physiological indexes (see table 7-table 10).
TABLE 7 Effect of plant salt-resistant formulations on wheat seedling Biomass
| Group of | Length of seedling cm | Root length cm | Fresh weight g of seedling | Dry weight g of seedling |
| CK | 24.5 | 17.9 | 0.46 | 0.0421 |
| NaCl | 14.8 | 7.6 | 0.16 | 0.0226 |
| GABA | 17.6 | 8.4 | 0.20 | 0.0269 |
| BABA | 17.8 | 8.6 | 0.19 | 0.0261 |
| COS | 17.2 | 8.5 | 0.21 | 0.0271 |
| COS-G | 17.7 | 8.3 | 0.22 | 0.0285 |
| COS-B | 17.3 | 8.1 | 0.20 | 0.0270 |
The table 7 shows that the salt stress treatment obviously inhibits the seedling length, the root length and the fresh weight of the wheat seedlings, and the results show that the seedling length, the root length and the fresh weight of the wheat seedlings are obviously increased after the salt-resistant regulator treatment, which indicates that the chitosan oligosaccharide derivative has the capability of improving the salt stress resistance of the wheat seedlings so as to ensure the normal growth and development of the wheat seedlings.
TABLE 8 Effect of plant salt-resistant formulations on the MDA content of wheat leaves
| Treatment of | MDA content |
| Blank Control (CK) | 0.015 |
| Salt control (NaCl) | 0.026 |
| GABA | 0.023 |
| BABA | 0.019 |
| COS | 0.021 |
| COS-G | 0.019 |
| COS-B | 0.020 |
Under the adverse conditions of plants, malondialdehyde is the final decomposition product of membrane lipid peroxidation, the content of malondialdehyde is increased under salt stress, and the content of malondialdehyde in plants can be reduced by adding exogenous substances, which indicates that the derivative can relieve the damage of NaCl stress on wheat cell membranes, and the effect of relieving salt stress is poorer compared with 500mg/L and 1000 mg/L.
TABLE 9 Effect of plant salt-resistant preparations on the photosynthetic System of wheat seedlings
| Fv/Fo | Fv/Fm | NPQ | Rfd | |
| CK | 3.54 | 0.83 | 0.58 | 1.23 |
| NaCl | 3.12 | 0.77 | 0.84 | 0.78 |
| GABA | 3.34 | 0.80 | 0.83 | 0.77 |
| BABA | 3.23 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 0.82 |
| COS | 3.45 | 0.80 | 0.75 | 0.94 |
| COS-G | 3.49 | 0.81 | 0.67 | 1.08 |
| COS-B | 3.36 | 0.80 | 0.77 | 0.95 |
From the data, the salt stress can cause the reduction of Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm and Rfd and the increase of NPQ, compared with the salt stress group, the Fv/Fo, the Fv/Fm and the Rfd of each exogenous treatment group are improved, the NPQ is obviously reduced, wherein the COS-G effect is obvious, and the derivative 1 can reduce the damage of the salt stress, but the effect is weaker than 500 mg/L.
TABLE 10 Effect of plant salt-resistant preparations on wheat antioxidant enzymes
| Group of | SOD(U/g) | CAT(U/g/min) | POD(U/g/min) |
| CK | 246.3 | 358.4 | 1896.3 |
| NaCl | 276.2 | 280.6 | 2560.4 |
| GABA | 252.6 | 289.8 | 2345.2 |
| BABA | 263.4 | 326.1 | 2236.2 |
| COS | 251.2 | 308.6 | 2084.6 |
| COS-G | 280.3 | 338.2 | 2375.2 |
| COS-B | 271.3 | 353.6 | 2252.5 |
From Table 10, it can be seen that salt stress has different effects on enzyme activity, and for SOD and POD, salt stress increases enzyme activity and conversely inhibits CAT enzyme activity, and after different treatments, the three enzyme activities have corresponding regulation changes, and the results show that the salt-resistant preparation treatment can regulate the antioxidant enzyme activity of wheat seedling leaves, resist the damage of active oxygen and free radicals to cell membranes, and improve the salt stress resistance of wheat seedlings, but the effect at the treatment concentration of 1000mg/L is far less than that in the concentration used in example 1.
Claims (6)
1. The application of chitosan derivative in plant salt resistance is characterized in that: the application of the chitosan derivative shown as the formula I in plant salt resistance; wherein formula I is shown as follows:
in the formula I, the compound has the following structure,
n＝1-250。
2. use of a chitosan derivative as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chitosan derivative is present in a concentration of 1mg/L to 1000 mg/L.
3. Use of chitosan derivatives according to claim 2 in plant salt tolerance, characterized in that: the concentration of the chitosan derivative is 500mg/L-800 mg/L.
4. Use of a chitosan derivative according to any of claims 1-3 in salt tolerance in plants, wherein: the chitosan derivative is used as an active ingredient to prepare a preparation, wherein the preparation is water, powder, wettable powder, missible oil, a suspending agent or a microemulsion.
5. Use of a chitosan derivative according to any of claims 1-3 in salt tolerance in plants, wherein: the plant is a monocotyledon or a dicotyledon.
6. The use of chitosan derivatives as claimed in claim 5 in plant salt tolerance, wherein: the plant is wheat, corn, rice, cotton, soybean.
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| CN108184849A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-06-22 | 四川农业大学 | Improve composition, medicament and the method for plant heat resistance property |
| CN111171086A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-19 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Wheat stress-resistant preparation and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108184849A (en) * | 2018-02-26 | 2018-06-22 | 四川农业大学 | Improve composition, medicament and the method for plant heat resistance property |
| CN111171086A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-19 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Wheat stress-resistant preparation and application thereof |
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