CN114380576B - 一种原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114380576B
CN114380576B CN202210100121.8A CN202210100121A CN114380576B CN 114380576 B CN114380576 B CN 114380576B CN 202210100121 A CN202210100121 A CN 202210100121A CN 114380576 B CN114380576 B CN 114380576B
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梁健
仝元东
江伟辉
唐小勇
陈拥强
洪翔
汪志良
戚芳
王松
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Jingdezhen Lehua Ceramic Sanitary Ware Co ltd
Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体,其原料组成为:基础坯料70~80wt%、锂辉石1~5wt%、铝矾土3~8wt%、红柱石10~20wt%;所述基础坯料的原料组成为瓷石21~24wt%、钾长石18~22wt%、高岭土30~34wt%、黑泥6~11wt%、水洗泥4~7wt%、白泥10~14wt%、滑石1~3wt%。此外,还公开了上述原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体的制备方法。本发明通过优化配方体系,能够促进大量莫来石晶体的形成,从而有效提高了陶瓷坯体的抗折强度,有利于减小产品厚度,实现建筑卫生陶瓷坯体薄壁轻量化。

Description

一种原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种建筑卫生陶瓷坯体及其制备方法。
背景技术
我国是一个陶瓷生产大国,日用、建筑和卫生三大传统陶瓷产量均居世界第一位,其中建筑卫生陶瓷产量也占据着世界总产量的半壁江山,其生产每年需要消耗大量的矿产资源以及燃料能源,而且厚度越大,质量越大,原料及能源的消耗也就越大。因此,建筑卫生陶瓷行业仍是高污染、高能源消耗、高资源消耗的“三高产业”,建立技术创新的节能减排型绿色陶瓷生产模式对建筑卫生陶瓷行业的发展具有深远意义。现有技术中建筑卫生陶瓷产品的厚度约为8~14mm,厚度偏厚;抗折强度为 50~70MPa,普遍较低。因此,必须大幅提高坯体的抗折强度,实现建筑卫生陶瓷坯体薄壁轻量化,这样不仅能够减少原料及能源的消耗,还能够减少运输和安装成本,符合建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,有利于实现2030前碳达峰,2060前碳中和的目标。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体,通过优化配方体系,以促进大量莫来石晶体的形成,从而有效提高陶瓷坯体的抗折强度,以有利于减小产品厚度,实现建筑卫生陶瓷坯体薄壁轻量化。本发明的另一目的在于提供上述原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体的制备方法。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明提供的一种原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体,其原料组成为:基础坯料70~80wt%、锂辉石1~5wt%、铝矾土3~8wt%、红柱石10~20wt%;所述基础坯料的原料组成为瓷石21~24wt%、钾长石18~22wt%、高岭土30~34wt%、黑泥 6~11wt%、水洗泥4~7wt%、白泥10~14wt%、滑石1~3wt%。
进一步地,本发明所述基础坯料的粒度为50~100目,锂辉石的粒度为50~100目,铝矾土的粒度为50~100目,红柱石的粒度为50~100目。
本发明的另一目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明提供的上述原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将所述基础坯料、锂辉石、铝矾土和红柱石混合后进行湿法球磨,经干燥、过筛、造粒,得到物料;
(2)将所述物料压制成型后,以5~10℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至1150~1200℃,保温10~30min,保温结束后降至室温,即得到原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体。
进一步地,本发明制备方法所述步骤(2)中压制成型的压力为4~6MPa。
上述方案中,本发明所述增强陶瓷坯体的主晶相为莫来石,陶瓷坯体的抗折强度为106.47~120.69MPa、体积密度为2.50~2.53/cm3、吸水率为0.27~0.45%。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明引入锂辉石作为助熔剂,锂辉石中Li和基础坯料中的K、Na、Mg 等在烧制过程中会形成多元低共熔化合物,可在较低温度下形成液相,易于原位生成莫来石晶须。其次,以红柱石和铝矾土作为高铝原料及硅源,一方面红柱石的杂质少,高温下易分解成活性氧化硅和氧化铝,有利于莫来石晶须的原位合成;另一方面适量铝矾土的加入,不但提高了坯体中Al2O3含量,且铝矾土中含有Fe、Ti、 Ca与锂辉石等助熔剂共同作用,在低温下形成多元低共熔化合物,并可与红柱石产生协同增强效果,促进了莫来石晶须原位均匀生长,其形貌更为均匀,长径比更高,形成交织的网络结构,从而大幅提升了陶瓷坯体的抗折强度。
(2)现有技术大多使用AlF3作为添加剂,对环境有一定的污染,并且烧制温度大多在1300℃以上,不切合绿色可持续发展的战略思想。本发明将莫来石晶须引入陶瓷坯体的工艺中,不引入任何污染环境的添加剂,并以锂辉石作为助熔剂,以红柱石和铝矾土作为高铝原料及硅源,可在900℃以下形成多元低共熔化合物,产生液相;而红柱石中杂质少,高温分解下生成活性氧化铝,氧化硅,随之易在960℃开始原位生成莫来石晶须,在1150~1200℃烧制完成,相较其他工艺,减少了燃料的消耗。
附图说明
下面将结合实施例和附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述:
图1是本发明实施例制备得到的增强陶瓷坯体的扫描电镜图;
图2是本发明实施例制备得到的增强陶瓷坯体的XRD图谱。
具体实施方式
实施例一:
1、本实施例一种原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体,其原料组成为:基础坯料75wt%、锂辉石2wt%、铝矾土7wt%、红柱石16wt%,各组成的粒度均为100目。其中,基础坯料的原料组成为瓷石22wt%、钾长石19wt%、高岭土32wt%、黑泥8wt%、水洗泥6wt%、白泥12wt%、滑石1wt%。
2、本实施例上述原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将上述基础坯料、锂辉石、铝矾土和红柱石混合后进行湿法球磨30min(料∶球∶水=1∶2∶1),所得浆料放入烘箱中在100℃温度下干燥20h,过100目筛后进行粉末造粒,得到造粒后物料;
(2)将上述造粒后物料在压力4MPa下压制成型,压制时间为20s;压制结束后放入箱式电阻烧结炉中以5℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至1200℃,保温120min,保温结束后随炉降温,自然冷却至室温,即得到原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体。
实施例二:
1、本实施例一种原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体,其原料组成为:基础坯料80wt%、锂辉石1wt%、铝矾土4wt%、红柱石15wt%,各组成的粒度均为100目。其中,基础坯料的原料组成为瓷石22wt%、钾长石19wt%、高岭土32wt%、黑泥8wt%、水洗泥6wt%、白泥12wt%、滑石1wt%。
2、本实施例上述原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将上述基础坯料、锂辉石、铝矾土和红柱石混合后进行湿法球磨30min(料∶球∶水=1∶2∶1),所得浆料放入烘箱中在100℃温度下干燥20h,过100目筛后进行粉末造粒,得到造粒后物料;
(2)将上述造粒后物料在压力6MPa下压制成型,压制时间为20s;压制结束后放入箱式电阻烧结炉中以10℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至1160℃,保温10min,保温结束后随炉降温,自然冷却至室温,即得到原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体。
实施例三:
1、本实施例一种原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体,其原料组成为:基础坯料70wt%、锂辉石4wt%、铝矾土7wt%、红柱石19wt%,各组成的粒度均为100目。其中,基础坯料的原料组成为瓷石22wt%、钾长石19wt%、高岭土32wt%、黑泥8wt%、水洗泥6wt%、白泥12wt%、滑石1wt%。
2、本实施例上述原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)将上述基础坯料、锂辉石、铝矾土和红柱石混合后进行湿法球磨30min(料∶球∶水=1∶2∶1),所得浆料放入烘箱中在100℃温度下干燥20h,过100目筛后进行粉末造粒,得到造粒后物料;
(2)将上述造粒后物料在压力6MPa下压制成型,压制时间为20s;压制结束后放入箱式电阻烧结炉中以5℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至1200℃,保温100min,保温结束后随炉降温,自然冷却至室温,即得到原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体。
本发明实施例所用原料的化学组成如表1示。
表1本发明实施例所用原料的化学组成(wt%)
Figure BDA0003492015050000041
本发明实施例所制得的增强陶瓷坯体,含有棒状莫来石晶体(见图1),陶瓷坯体的主晶相为莫来石(见图2)。
以上述基础坯料为原料的陶瓷坯体作为对比例(即不加入锂辉石、铝矾土、红柱石)。本发明实施例所制得的增强陶瓷坯体、以及对比例陶瓷坯体的性能测试如下:
抗折强度的测定:依据GB/T17657-2013(三点弯曲法测静曲强度)标准进行测定,公式如式(1)所示:
Figure BDA0003492015050000042
式中:σb--试件的静曲强度单位为兆帕(MPa);
Fmax--试件破坏时最大载荷,单位为牛顿(N);
l--两支座间距离,单位为毫米(mm);
B--试件宽度,单位为毫米(mm);
t--试件厚度,单位为毫米(mm)。
体积密度的测定:依据GB/T 9966.3-2001标准进行测定,公式如式(2)所示:
Figure BDA0003492015050000043
式中:m0--干燥试样在空气中的质量,单位为克(g);
m1--水饱和试样在空气中的质量,单位为克(g);
m2--水饱和试样在水中的质量,单位为克(g);
ρw--室温下蒸馏水的密度g/cm3
吸水率的测定:依据GB/T 3299-2011(真空法),公式如式(3)所示:
Figure BDA0003492015050000051
式中:ω--试样的吸水率,%;
m0--干燥试样的质量,单位为克(g);
m1--吸水饱和试样的质量,单位为克(g)。
测试结果如表2示。
表2本发明实施例以及对比例陶瓷坯体的性能指标
Figure BDA0003492015050000052

Claims (2)

1.一种原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体的制备方法,其特征在于:原料组成为基础坯料70~80wt%、锂辉石1~5wt%、铝矾土3~8wt%、红柱石10~20wt%;所述基础坯料的原料组成为瓷石21~24wt%、钾长石18~22wt%、高岭土30~34wt%、黑泥6~11wt%、水洗泥4~7wt%、白泥10~14wt%、滑石1~3wt%;其中,所述基础坯料的粒度为50~100目,锂辉石的粒度为50~100目,铝矾土的粒度为50~100目,红柱石的粒度为50~100目;制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1) 将所述基础坯料、锂辉石、铝矾土和红柱石混合后进行湿法球磨,经干燥、过筛、造粒,得到物料;
(2) 将所述物料压制成型后,以5~10℃/min的升温速率从室温升温至1150~1200℃,保温10~120min,保温结束后降至室温,即得到原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体;所述增强陶瓷坯体的主晶相为莫来石,陶瓷坯体的抗折强度为106.47~120.69MPa、体积密度为2.50~2.53/cm3、吸水率为0.27~0.45%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的原位生成莫来石晶须增强陶瓷坯体的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中压制成型的压力为4~6MPa。
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