CN114379289B - 用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统 - Google Patents
用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统 Download PDFInfo
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/03—Tread patterns
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B9/00—Wheels of high resiliency, e.g. with conical interacting pressure-surfaces
- B60B9/26—Wheels of high resiliency, e.g. with conical interacting pressure-surfaces comprising resilient spokes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60C23/001—Devices for manually or automatically controlling or distributing tyre pressure whilst the vehicle is moving
- B60C23/003—Devices for manually or automatically controlling or distributing tyre pressure whilst the vehicle is moving comprising rotational joints between vehicle-mounted pressure sources and the tyres
- B60C23/00309—Devices for manually or automatically controlling or distributing tyre pressure whilst the vehicle is moving comprising rotational joints between vehicle-mounted pressure sources and the tyres characterised by the location of the components, e.g. valves, sealings, conduits or sensors
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- B60C23/00327—Devices for manually or automatically controlling or distributing tyre pressure whilst the vehicle is moving comprising rotational joints between vehicle-mounted pressure sources and the tyres characterised by the location of the components, e.g. valves, sealings, conduits or sensors on the wheels or the hubs integrally with the hub caps
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- B60C23/064—Signalling devices actuated by deformation of the tyre, e.g. tyre mounted deformation sensors or indirect determination of tyre deformation based on wheel speed, wheel-centre to ground distance or inclination of wheel axle comprising tyre mounted deformation sensors, e.g. to determine road contact area
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Abstract
一种用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统包括非充气轮胎。该非充气轮胎包括接触地面的环形胎面、中心轮辋、以及安置在轮辋和胎面之间的至少一个轮辐盘。轮辐盘包括安装在中心轮辋上的内环、外环、以及在内环和外环之间径向地延伸的轮辐。剪切带安置在轮辐盘的外环和胎面之间。凸缘安置在轮辐盘的轮辐的外侧表面上。指示器件形成在轮辐盘的多个轮辐的外侧表面上、在凸缘的径向外侧。当轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,凸缘与指示器件交互作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及非充气轮胎。更特别地,本发明涉及对非充气轮胎的状况或状态的测量。具体地,本发明涉及一种用于检测非充气轮胎的荷载以确定轮胎是否过载或接近其使用寿命终点的系统。
背景技术
在现有技术中,已广泛地采用了充气轮胎。这种轮胎包括安装在轮辋上的一对胎圈。一对侧壁中的每一个从相应胎圈延伸到接合地面的胎面。轮辋、侧壁和胎面限定了用空气进行充气的内部。
为了解决与现有技术充气轮胎相关联的问题(诸如,气压的保持),已开发了非充气轮胎。非充气轮胎被设计成在内部空腔中没有空气的情况下操作。许多类型的非充气轮胎包括在轮辋(通常由钢或其他金属制成)和接合地面的胎面之间延伸的聚合物带状织物。聚合物带状织物是柔性的,并且随着轮胎操作而挠曲以吸收和/或分配力。
如果非充气轮胎过载,则聚合物带状织物可能过度挠曲,这进而可能损坏轮胎的带状织物和/或其他部件。另外,随着非充气轮胎老化,聚合物带状织物的物理特性可能退化,再次导致了当轮胎在操作期间被加载时对轮胎的带状织物和/或其他部件的损坏。
因此,本领域中需要一种检测非充气轮胎的荷载以确定轮胎是否过载或接近其使用寿命终点的系统。
发明内容
根据本发明示例性实施例的方面,一种用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统包括非充气轮胎。该非充气轮胎包括接触地面的环形胎面、中心轮辋、安置在轮辋和胎面之间的至少一个轮辐盘,其中轮辐盘包括安装在中心轮辋上的内环、外环、以及在内环和外环之间径向地延伸的多个轮辐,并且剪切带安置在轮辐盘的外环和胎面之间。凸缘安置在轮辐盘的多个轮辐的外侧表面上。指示器件形成在轮辐盘的多个轮辐的外侧表面上、在凸缘的径向外侧。当轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,凸缘与指示器件交互作用。
本发明提供以下技术方案:
1. 一种用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,所述系统包括:
非充气轮胎,所述非充气轮胎包括:
接触地面的环形胎面;
中心轮辋;
安置在所述轮辋和所述胎面之间的至少一个轮辐盘,所述至少一个轮辐盘包括安装在所述中心轮辋上的内环、外环、以及在所述内环和所述外环之间径向地延伸的多个轮辐;以及
剪切带,其安置在所述至少一个轮辐盘的所述外环和所述胎面之间;
凸缘,其安置在所述至少一个轮辐盘的所述多个轮辐的外侧表面上;以及
指示器件,其形成在所述至少一个轮辐盘的所述多个轮辐的所述外侧表面上、在所述凸缘的径向外侧,其中,当所述轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,所述凸缘与所述指示器件交互作用。
2. 根据方案1所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其中,所述至少一个轮辐盘包括多个轮辐盘,所述凸缘安置在所述轮辐盘中的外侧一者的多个轮辐的外侧表面上,并且所述指示器件形成在所述轮辐盘中的所述外侧一者的多个轮辐的外侧表面上。
3. 根据方案1所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其中,径向距离形成在所述指示器件和沿着所述凸缘的周边的相应点之间,并且当所述轮胎过载或需要更换时,所述径向距离被消除。
4. 根据方案1所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其中,所述指示器件包括视觉器件,当所述轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,所述视觉器件提供视觉指示器。
5. 根据方案4所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其中,所述视觉器件包括形成在选定轮辐的外侧表面上的凹口,并且当所述轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,所述凹口被所述凸缘覆盖。
6. 根据方案4所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其中,所述视觉器件包括形成在选定轮辐的外侧表面上的突起,并且当所述轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,所述突起被所述凸缘覆盖。
7. 根据方案4所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其中,所述视觉器件包括形成在选定轮辐的外侧表面上的点,并且当所述轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,所述点被所述凸缘覆盖。
8. 根据方案1所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其中,所述指示器件包括听觉器件,当所述轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,所述听觉器件提供听觉信号。
9. 根据方案8所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其中,所述听觉器件包括形成在选定轮辐的外侧表面上的突起,并且当所述轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,所述突起接触所述凸缘以发出声音。
10. 根据方案1所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其中,所述指示器件包括传感器器件,当所述轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,所述传感器器件生成警报。
11. 根据方案10所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其中,所述传感器器件包括接近传感器。
12. 根据方案10所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其中,所述传感器器件包括磁体,当所述轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,所述磁体接近磁性传感器以生成所述警报。
13. 根据方案12所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其中,所述磁性传感器电子地连接到其上安装有所述轮胎的车辆的监测或控制系统。
附图说明
将通过示例并参考附图来描述本发明,在附图中:
图1是用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统的示例性实施例的透视图;
图2是图1中所示的系统的一部分的正视图;
图3是图1中所示的系统的附加部分的正视图;
图4是图1中所示的系统的正视图;
图5是图1中所示的系统的一部分的分解视图;
图6是图1中所示的系统的一部分的放大局部透视图;
图7是图1中所示的系统的轮辐盘的一部分的局部示意性表示;以及
图8是图1中所示的系统的附加方面的放大局部透视图。
贯穿附图,类似的数字指代类似的部分。
具体实施方式
将理解,术语轴向地或轴向方向指平行于轮胎的旋转轴线延伸的方向,术语径向地或径向方向指垂直于轮胎的旋转轴线延伸的方向,并且术语周向地或周向方向指平行于轮胎的旋转方向延伸的方向。另外,术语外侧指在安装于车辆上时轮胎的轴向外表面,且术语内侧指在安装于车辆上时轮胎的轴向内表面。
用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统的示例性实施例在图1至图8中示出并且总体上在50处指示。转向图1至图5,系统50包括非充气轮胎10。非充气轮胎10包括径向外接合地面的胎面12、剪切带14、一个或多个轮辐盘18、以及中心轮辋20。胎面12可包括多个纵向定向的花纹沟,这些花纹沟进而在其间形成纵向胎面肋。肋可进一步被花纹沟横向或纵向地划分,以形成适合于轮胎10的特定设计和/或使用要求的胎面图案。胎面花纹沟可具有与轮胎的预期用途一致的任何深度,并且胎面12可根据需要包括诸如肋、块、凸起、花纹沟和细缝之类的元素以改进轮胎10在各种状况下的性能。
剪切带14优选地是环形的,并且位于胎面12的径向内部和轮辐盘18的径向外部。轮辐盘18可包括不同构型。每个轮辐盘18的示例性构型包括在内环24和外环26之间径向地延伸的多个轮辐22。每个轮辐22可包括在联结点32处与至少一个径向向外的轮辐构件30相交的至少一个径向向内的轮辐构件28。
优选地,轮胎10包括至少两(2)个轮辐盘18且多达八(8)个轮辐盘。更优选地,轮胎10包括在两(2)个和四(4)个之间的轮辐盘18。轮胎10可包括轮辐盘18的不同组合、轮辐盘的不同构造、以及轮辐盘相对于彼此的不同旋转取向,如由特定的设计考虑所规定的。
以这种方式,非充气轮胎10包括中心轮辋20,轮辐盘18沿着轮辋的外表面34同心地和轴向地安置。轮辐盘18优选地通过每个轮辐盘的径向最内表面36和轮辋20的径向外表面34之间的粘合剂结合来接合轮辋20。剪切带14同心地安置在轴向安置的轮辐盘18上。剪切带14优选地通过剪切带14的径向最内表面38和每个轮辐盘18的径向最外表面40之间的粘合剂结合来接合轮辐盘18。胎面12径向地覆盖在剪切带14上,并且优选地通过弹性体组合物的共固化而结合到剪切带。
优选地,凸缘盘42安置在外侧轮辐盘18的轮辐22的外侧表面52(图6)上,并且轮毂盖44安置在凸缘的外侧以将凸缘固定到轮辋20并在外侧轮辐盘的外侧上提供盖。凸缘42和轮毂盖44可以是两个单独的部件,或者可以是单个集成式部件。
在美国专利申请公开号2017/0368879中更充分地描述了非充气轮胎10,该专利申请由与本发明相同的受让人(固特异轮胎和橡胶公司)拥有并且在此通过引用并入。
现在参考图6和图7,系统50包括被集成到轮胎10中以用于检测轮胎荷载的特征。例如,系统10可并入了视觉指示器。更特别地,外侧轮辐盘18上的选定轮辐22包括外侧表面52。指示器件54可形成在选定轮辐22的外侧表面52上或外侧表面52中、在凸缘42的径向外侧。指示器件54的第一示例包括形成在选定轮辐22的外侧表面52中的特征54a。特征54a被示为凹口并且将为了方便的目的而被称为凹口,但也可形成为突起。虽然凹口54a可形成在沿着选定轮辐22的外侧表面52的任何位置处,但是优选位置是在选定轮辐的径向向外构件30中。
在系统50中,凸缘42包括外周边56。径向距离60在凸缘周边56和选定凹口54a之间延伸。沿着凸缘周边56的点58最靠近凹口54a中的相应一者。以这种方式,每个凹口54a将具有沿着凸缘周边56的相应点58。径向距离60形成在每个凹口54a和它的沿着凸缘周边56的相应点58之间。
如图7中所示,当轮胎10被加载时,形成了接触印迹或印痕62,这是在给定的时刻期间胎面12的接触地面64的部分。轮胎10上的荷载力趋向于使接近印迹62的轮辐22压缩,由此减小选定凹口54a和它们的沿着凸缘周边56的相应点58之间的径向距离60。当轮胎10处于适当的荷载状态时(也就是说,它没有过载或不需要更换),每个凹口54保持可见。当轮胎10过载或需要更换时,径向距离60由于轮辐22的压缩而被消除,使得凹口54a被凸缘42部分地覆盖抑或完全覆盖。
因此,系统50提供了指示器,其中当轮胎10过载时,至少一个选定凹口54a和它的在凸缘42上的相应点58之间的距离60被消除。当选定凹口54a被凸缘42覆盖且因此不可见时,可以对其上安装有轮胎10的车辆卸载,直到所有凹口再次可见,由此使轮胎恢复到适当的荷载状态。系统50还提供了指示器,其中当轮胎10接近其使用寿命终点时,至少一个选定凹口54a和它的在凸缘42上的相应点58之间的距离60被消除。当选定凹口54a被凸缘42覆盖并且不可见时,于是可以更换轮胎10。
替代地,指示器件54可包括其他视觉指示器,诸如形成在选定轮辐22的外侧表面52上的一个或多个点,其颜色与轮辐的颜色形成对比。如上文所描述的,当轮胎10过载或接近其寿命终点时,径向距离60被消除,使得所述点中的一个或多个被凸缘42部分地覆盖抑或完全覆盖。当选定点不可见时,可以对其上安装有轮胎10的车辆卸载,直到所有点再次可见,由此使轮胎恢复到适当的荷载状态,或者可以更换轮胎。
作为另外的替代方案,系统10可并入了听觉指示器。例如,用于听觉指示器的指示器件54可包括一个或多个突起,所述突起形成在选定轮辐22的外侧表面52上、在凸缘42的径向外侧,并且轴向向外突出。如上文所描述的,当轮胎10过载或接近其寿命终点时,径向距离60被消除,使得所述突起中的一个或多个接触凸缘42,由此在轮胎的操作期间发出声音以提供听觉信号。当生成听觉信号时,可以对其上安装有轮胎10的车辆卸载,直到不再发出信号,由此使轮胎恢复到适当的荷载状态,或者可以更换轮胎。
转向图8,系统10可并入了基于传感器的指示器。例如,用于基于传感器的指示器的指示器件54可包括接近传感器或用于磁性传感器70的磁体54b。凸台结构68可形成在轮辐22中的选定一个的外侧表面52上或与其相邻、在凸缘42的径向外侧,并且磁体54b优选地安置在凸台结构中。磁性传感器70以示例的方式示出,并且优选地安装到凸缘42,该凸缘可形成有用于接收传感器的开口66。以与上文所描述的方式类似的方式,当轮胎10过载或接近其寿命终点时,径向距离60被消除,使得凸缘42和磁性传感器70进入与磁体54b的轴向接近状态。
当磁性传感器70进入与磁体54b的接近状态时,传感器优选地生成警报。以这种方式,当轮胎10过载时,可以对其上安装有轮胎的车辆卸载,直到传感器70不再密切接近磁体54b,由此使轮胎恢复到适当的荷载状态并使由传感器生成的警报停止。当轮胎10接近其使用寿命终点并且生成警报时,可以更换轮胎。
传感器70可电子地连接到其上安装有轮胎10的车辆的监测或控制系统(诸如,类似于用于充气轮胎的胎压监测系统操作的系统),由此使得能够将警报发送到车辆的操作员。另外,传感器70可由电子监测或管理系统远程地监测,由此提醒车队管理者轮胎10处于过载状态或需要更换。
以这种方式,用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统50检测非充气轮胎10的荷载以确定轮胎是否过载且因此需要减少车辆载荷,或者轮胎是否接近其使用寿命终点且因此需要更换。系统50包括安置在外侧轮辐盘18的轮辐的外侧表面52上的凸缘42,该凸缘与指示器件54交互作用,所述指示器件形成在选定轮辐的外侧表面上、在凸缘的径向外侧。
指示器件54可包括视觉器件,诸如,凹口54a或彩色点,所述视觉器件在轮胎10处于过载状态或接近其使用寿命终点时提供视觉指示器。替代地,指示器件54可包括听觉器件,诸如突起,所述听觉器件在轮胎10处于过载状态或接近其使用寿命终点时提供听觉信号。指示器件54还可包括传感器器件54b,诸如接近传感器或与磁性传感器70交互作用的磁体,所述传感器器件在轮胎10处于过载状态或接近其使用寿命终点时生成警报。
本发明还包括一种检测非充气轮胎10的荷载的方法。该方法包括根据上文呈现并在图1至图8中示出的描述的步骤。
将理解,在不影响本发明的总体构思或操作的情况下,用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的上述系统50的结构可变更或重新布置,或者省略或添加对于本领域技术人员已知的部件。
已参考优选实施例描述了本发明。在阅读和理解本说明书时,其他人将想到潜在的修改和变更。将理解,所有这种修改和变更都被包括在如所附权利要求书或其等同物中阐述的本发明的范围中。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,所述系统包括:
非充气轮胎,所述非充气轮胎包括:
接触地面的环形胎面;
中心轮辋;
安置在所述轮辋和所述胎面之间的至少一个轮辐盘,所述至少一个轮辐盘包括安装在所述中心轮辋上的内环、外环、以及在所述内环和所述外环之间径向地延伸的多个轮辐;以及
剪切带,其安置在所述至少一个轮辐盘的所述外环和所述胎面之间;
凸缘,其安置在所述至少一个轮辐盘的所述多个轮辐的外侧表面上;以及
指示器件,其形成在所述至少一个轮辐盘的所述多个轮辐的所述外侧表面上、在所述凸缘的径向外侧,其中,当所述轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,所述凸缘与所述指示器件交互作用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其特征在于,所述至少一个轮辐盘包括多个轮辐盘,所述凸缘安置在所述轮辐盘中的外侧一者的多个轮辐的外侧表面上,并且所述指示器件形成在所述轮辐盘中的所述外侧一者的多个轮辐的外侧表面上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其特征在于,径向距离形成在所述指示器件和沿着所述凸缘的周边的相应点之间,并且当所述轮胎过载或需要更换时,所述径向距离被消除。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其特征在于,所述指示器件包括视觉器件,当所述轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,所述视觉器件提供视觉指示器。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其特征在于,所述视觉器件包括形成在选定轮辐的外侧表面上的凹口,并且当所述轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,所述凹口被所述凸缘覆盖。
6.根据权利要求4所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其特征在于,所述视觉器件包括形成在选定轮辐的外侧表面上的突起,并且当所述轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,所述突起被所述凸缘覆盖。
7.根据权利要求4所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其特征在于,所述视觉器件包括形成在选定轮辐的外侧表面上的点,并且当所述轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,所述点被所述凸缘覆盖。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其特征在于,所述指示器件包括听觉器件,当所述轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,所述听觉器件提供听觉信号。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其特征在于,所述听觉器件包括形成在选定轮辐的外侧表面上的突起,并且当所述轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,所述突起接触所述凸缘以发出声音。
10.根据权利要求1所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其特征在于,所述指示器件包括传感器器件,当所述轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,所述传感器器件生成警报。
11.根据权利要求10所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其特征在于,所述传感器器件包括接近传感器。
12.根据权利要求10所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其特征在于,所述传感器器件包括磁体,当所述轮胎处于过载状态或需要更换时,所述磁体接近磁性传感器以生成所述警报。
13.根据权利要求12所述的用于检测非充气轮胎荷载的系统,其特征在于,所述磁性传感器电子地连接到其上安装有所述轮胎的车辆的监测或控制系统。
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- 2021-09-30 CN CN202111157995.9A patent/CN114379289B/zh active Active
- 2021-10-04 EP EP21200638.1A patent/EP3981613B1/en active Active
- 2021-10-05 BR BR102021020058-8A patent/BR102021020058A2/pt active Search and Examination
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BR102021020058A2 (pt) | 2022-04-19 |
KR20220045899A (ko) | 2022-04-13 |
US11772416B2 (en) | 2023-10-03 |
CN114379289A (zh) | 2022-04-22 |
EP3981613B1 (en) | 2023-10-18 |
KR102529708B1 (ko) | 2023-05-04 |
JP2022061501A (ja) | 2022-04-18 |
EP3981613A1 (en) | 2022-04-13 |
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