CN114376114A - Micropterus salmoides feed with low starch content and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Micropterus salmoides feed with low starch content and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114376114A CN114376114A CN202111661760.3A CN202111661760A CN114376114A CN 114376114 A CN114376114 A CN 114376114A CN 202111661760 A CN202111661760 A CN 202111661760A CN 114376114 A CN114376114 A CN 114376114A
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- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 241001125889 Micropterus salmoides Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- MJYQFWSXKFLTAY-OVEQLNGDSA-N (2r,3r)-2,3-bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]butane-1,4-diol;(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O.C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C[C@@H](CO)[C@H](CO)CC=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 MJYQFWSXKFLTAY-OVEQLNGDSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PZNPLUBHRSSFHT-RRHRGVEJSA-N 1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PZNPLUBHRSSFHT-RRHRGVEJSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a micropterus salmoides feed with low starch content and a preparation method thereof, wherein the micropterus salmoides feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 58-62 parts of protein raw materials, 7-12 parts of modified starch raw materials, 12-15 parts of meal raw materials, 6-8 parts of fat raw materials and 2-3 parts of composite additives, wherein the modified starch raw materials are at least one of resistant starch, amylose, slowly digestible starch or amylose corn starch, and the composite additives comprise vitamins, garlicin and calcium dihydrogen phosphate. The nutrient balance of the weever feed is improved through the vitamins and the allicin, the compound additive is introduced during sterilization, the monocalcium phosphate can ensure the sufficient humidity of the feed, the damage and the influence on digestion caused by protein coking in the drying process are avoided, the synthesis of amylase in the eating process is reduced through the addition of the modified starch raw material, the low-sugar metabolic capability of carnivorous animals is adapted, the metabolic efficiency of the feed after use is improved, the diseases such as metabolic diseases and the like caused by excessive starch in the feed are eliminated, and the breeding efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed processing, and particularly relates to a low-starch content micropterus salmoides feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of the fish farming industry, in order to better meet the requirement of the micropterus salmoides cultivation, a high-input, high-density and high-output cultivation mode is generally adopted, but the occurrence and development mode of fish diseases and the prevention and treatment of the fish diseases are greatly different from the traditional aquaculture, so that the fish diseases become important problems influencing the economic benefit of the aquaculture industry, and the maintenance of good water quality is very important for the survival and growth of the aquatic fishes;
the aquatic feed is required to have good branching property and water stability under the influence of the feeding environment. The gelatinization degree of the starch is the important factor for inspecting the feed and the quality of the whole processing level, and is the key for the whole-course healthy culture of the micropterus salmoides. A low degree of gelatinization of the starch indicates a high raw starch content in the feed. The related technology discloses a preparation method of a larval fish feed for micropterus salmoides, which comprises the following steps: the tilapia protein small peptide powder is obtained by enzymolysis of trypsin and alkaline protease, and is granulated and sprayed, and the tilapia protein small peptide with the relative molecular mass range of 2.5k-4.5k is prepared by controlling the enzymolysis conditions. The low digestibility of the aquatic organisms to the starch easily causes the increase of the culture coefficient and the reduction of the benefit in aquaculture, the micropterus salmoides are carnivorous fishes sensitive to the starch and easy to suffer from congenital diabetes, the sugar metabolism efficiency is low, and the fishes dislike the starch, so that the method controls the starch content in the feed and meets the requirement of the feed expansion treatment, and has high requirements on the production process.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art described above. Therefore, the invention provides the micropterus salmoides feed with low starch content and the preparation method thereof, which can control the starch content in the feed and meet the requirement of feed expansion treatment.
According to one aspect of the invention, the micropterus salmoides feed with low starch content comprises the following components in parts by weight: 58-62 parts of protein raw materials, 7-12 parts of modified starch raw materials, 12-15 parts of meal raw materials, 6-8 parts of fat raw materials and 2-3 parts of composite additives, wherein the modified starch raw materials are at least one of resistant starch, amylose, slowly digestible starch or amylose corn starch, and the composite additives comprise vitamins, garlicin and calcium dihydrogen phosphate.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the resistant starch, the amylose, the slowly digestible starch and the amylose starch is (10-15): (5-10): (2-5): (2-5).
In some embodiments of the invention, the mass ratio of the vitamins, allicin and monocalcium phosphate is (1-1.5): (1-1.5): (2-2.5).
In some embodiments of the present invention, the protein material comprises (6-8) by mass: (1-3): (0.5-1.5) fish meal, rubber seed and dried small shrimp powder. The rubber seed raw materials are introduced by gathering the protein raw materials, so that the content of animal protein is reduced, and the adaptive control on the sterilization temperature during tempering is met.
In some embodiments of the invention, the fat feedstock is one or both of soy lecithin or fish oil. Further preferably, the mass ratio of the soybean lecithin to the fish oil is (2-4): (1-1.5).
In some embodiments of the invention, the meal-based material is at least one of soybean meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, sesame meal, or flaxseed hull. Further preferably, the mass ratio of the soybean cake meal, the peanut cake meal, the cottonseed cake meal, the rapeseed cake meal, the sunflower seed cake meal, the sesame cake meal and the flaxseed hull is (2-5): (10-15): (7-8): (2-5): (3-6): (10-15): (1-2).
The invention also provides a preparation method of the micropterus salmoides feed with low starch content, which comprises the following steps:
s1: adding a protein raw material and a meal raw material into preheated water, then cooling, adding a modified starch raw material and a part of fat raw material, mixing, then adding a part of composite additive, heating, stirring to be colloidal, and standing;
s2: carrying out quenching and tempering treatment and drying on the standing material, introducing sterilizing steam during quenching and tempering, and adding the rest composite additive into the steam stock solution;
s3: carrying out multiple pressurization and puffing treatments on the dried material obtained in the step S2, and granulating;
s4: and (3) carrying out rounding treatment on the granulated material to obtain feed round grains, atomizing the rest fat raw material, spraying the atomized fat raw material on the surface of the feed round grains, and cooling to obtain the low-starch content micropterus salmoides feed.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature of the preheated water is 28-30 ℃ in step S1.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the temperature of the temperature reduction is 10-20 ℃.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the temperature of the temperature increase is 35 to 40 ℃.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the protein material is pre-treated: drying and dehumidifying the protein raw materials by a dehumidifier, removing water in the protein raw materials, and then sieving.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the meal raw material is crushed, dried and sieved before being mixed in step S1.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S2, the additive package is prepared into an aqueous solution of additive package, and then added to the steam stock solution, wherein the mass ratio of the additive package to the water in the aqueous solution of additive package is (4-5.5): (18-25).
In some embodiments of the invention, in step S3, the moisture content of the dried material is 7-9%.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S3, the pressure-puffing process employs a twin-screw extruder, a temperature sensing element and a pressure sensing element are disposed in the feeding section, the extruding section and the discharging section of the twin-screw extruder, a return pipe valve is introduced along the peripheral outer edge of the extruding end, and when the extruding end temperature element determines that the extruded feed puffing temperature and pressure are insufficient, the insufficiently puffed material is fed to the front end of the extruding section through the return pipe valve for pressure-puffing again.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S4, when the fat material comprises soybean lecithin, the soybean lecithin is dissolved in ethanol to obtain a soybean lecithin solution, and the atomization is performed.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least the following advantages are provided:
1. according to the invention, corresponding auxiliary agents are added into the feed, the nutrition balance of the weever feed is improved through vitamins and allicin, the compound additive is introduced during sterilization, the calcium dihydrogen phosphate can ensure the sufficient humidity of the feed, the damage and the influence on digestion caused by protein coking in the drying process are avoided, the synthesis of amylase in the eating process is reduced through the addition of the modified starch raw material, the low sugar metabolism capability of the carnivorous animal is adapted, and the metabolism efficiency of the feed after use is improved.
2. In the preparation process, oil film coverage formed after oil atomization spraying and cooling is adopted, the capability of water molecules wrapped by oil required by oil storage of the inner core of the feed is met, meanwhile, the retention capability of feed particles on the water surface is improved through the surface tension formed by spraying the oil film, the cohesive force of the feed with low starch content is met, the palatability of the feed is met by the low-addition starch, and the feeding requirement is further met. A backflow retreatment process is added in the double-screw extrusion process, so that multiple times of pressurization and expansion are realized, and the requirements of the low-starch-content feed on expansion and granulation are met.
3. The low-starch-content feed can enable the micropterus salmoides to get rid of diseases such as metabolic diseases caused by excessive starch in the feed, improves the culture efficiency, vacates space for other nutrient components by reducing the starch content, and improves the adjustment space of the formula.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment prepares the micropterus salmoides feed with low starch content, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 58 parts of protein raw materials, 7 parts of modified starch raw materials, 12 parts of meal raw materials, 6 parts of fat raw materials and 2 parts of composite additives, wherein the modified starch raw materials are prepared from the following raw materials in a mass ratio of 10: 6: 4: 3, the composite additive is a mixture of resistant starch, amylose starch, slowly digestible starch and amylose corn starch, and the mass ratio of the composite additive is 1: 1: 2, and the protein raw materials comprise 7 mass percent of vitamin, allicin and calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 2: 1, fish meal, rubber seeds and dried small shrimps, wherein the fat raw material is fish oil, and the meal raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 6: 7: 3: 4: 10: 2 soybean cake, peanut cake, cottonseed cake, rapeseed cake, sunflower seed cake, sesame cake and linseed hull. The preparation process comprises the following steps:
s1: drying and dehumidifying the protein raw materials by a dehumidifier, fully removing water in the protein raw materials, and then sieving to obtain fully sieved net protein raw materials; dividing the composite additive and the fat raw material into two parts with equal quantity, and reserving and classifying; crushing the meal raw material by a disposable crusher, drying and sieving to obtain meal raw material powder;
s2: adding a net protein raw material and meal raw material powder into water at the temperature of 28 ℃, then cooling to 18 ℃, adding a modified starch raw material and a single fat raw material, mixing, then adding a single compound additive, heating to 35 ℃, stirring to be colloidal, and standing for a period of time;
s3: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out quenching and tempering treatment and drying (0.6mp saturated steam) on a standing material, wherein the water content of the dried material is 8%, meanwhile, introducing sterilizing steam during quenching and tempering, adding the rest composite additive into a steam stock solution, preparing the composite additive into a composite additive aqueous solution firstly, and adding the composite additive into the steam stock solution, wherein the mass ratio of the composite additive to water in the composite additive aqueous solution is 5: 20;
s4: adding the dried material obtained in the step S2 into a double-screw extruder for multiple pressurization and puffing treatments, and granulating, wherein the temperature of the extrusion section of the extruder is not more than 120 ℃, and the temperature of the front end of the extruder is 55 ℃; the double-screw extruder is a DS-32 type double-screw extruder produced by the Jinnan Saixin puffing equipment Co., Ltd, and the length-diameter ratio of the screw is 16: 1, the aperture of a die hole is 2.0mm, a sensor control system and a module are Siemens S7-200PLC and an expansion module thereof, and an EVIEW touch screen MT4500TE realizes the display of an upper computer monitoring interface;
s5: and (3) feeding the granulated material into a spheronizer to carry out spheronization treatment, standing after spheronization to obtain feed round granules, pressurizing and atomizing the remaining fat raw material by a vacuum sprayer, spraying the atomized fat raw material on the surface of the feed round granules, feeding the feed round granules into a freezing centrifuge to be frozen, and coating the cooled oil film on the surface of the feed round granules to obtain the low-starch-content micropterus salmoides feed.
Example 2
The embodiment prepares the micropterus salmoides feed with low starch content, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 59 parts of protein raw materials, 9 parts of modified starch raw materials, 13 parts of meal raw materials, 7 parts of fat raw materials and 2.2 parts of composite additives, wherein the modified starch raw materials are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 9: 5: 4, the mixture of resistant starch, amylose starch, slowly digestible starch and amylose corn starch, wherein the composite additive is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 2, and the protein raw materials comprise 7 mass percent of vitamin, allicin and calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 2: 1, the fat raw materials comprise fish oil and soybean lecithin with the mass ratio of 3:1, wherein the soybean lecithin needs to be dissolved in ethanol, and the meal raw materials comprise the following components in mass ratio of 5: 11: 8: :4: 6: 13: 2 soybean cake, peanut cake, cottonseed cake, rapeseed cake, sunflower seed cake, sesame cake and linseed hull. The preparation process comprises the following steps:
s1: drying and dehumidifying the protein raw materials by a dehumidifier, fully removing water in the protein raw materials, and then sieving to obtain fully sieved net protein raw materials; dividing the composite additive and the fat raw material into two parts with equal quantity, and reserving and classifying; crushing the meal raw material by a disposable crusher, drying and sieving to obtain meal raw material powder;
s2: adding a net protein raw material and meal raw material powder into water at the temperature of 30 ℃, then cooling to 15 ℃, adding a modified starch raw material and a single fat raw material, mixing, then adding a single compound additive, heating to 38 ℃, stirring to be colloidal, and standing for a period of time;
s3: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out conditioning treatment and drying on a standing material, wherein the water content of the dried material is 8%, meanwhile, introducing sterilizing steam during conditioning, adding the rest composite additive into a steam stock solution, preparing a composite additive aqueous solution by the composite additive, and adding the composite additive into the steam stock solution, wherein the mass ratio of the composite additive to water in the composite additive aqueous solution is 5: 20;
s4: adding the dried material obtained in the step S2 into a double-screw extruder for multiple pressurization and puffing treatments, and granulating, wherein the temperature of the extrusion section of the extruder is not more than 120 ℃, and the temperature of the front end of the extruder is 55 ℃;
s5: and (3) feeding the granulated material into a spheronizer to carry out spheronization treatment, standing after spheronization to obtain feed round granules, pressurizing and atomizing the remaining fat raw material by a vacuum sprayer, spraying the atomized fat raw material on the surface of the feed round granules, feeding the feed round granules into a freezing centrifuge to be frozen, and coating the cooled oil film on the surface of the feed round granules to obtain the low-starch-content micropterus salmoides feed.
Example 3
The embodiment prepares the micropterus salmoides feed with low starch content, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of protein raw materials, 10 parts of modified starch raw materials, 14 parts of meal raw materials, 7 parts of fat raw materials and 2.5 parts of composite additives, wherein the modified starch raw materials are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 8: 5: 5, the mixture of resistant starch, amylose starch, slowly digestible starch and amylose corn starch, wherein the composite additive is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 2, and the protein raw materials comprise 7 mass percent of vitamin, allicin and calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 2: 1, fish meal, rubber seeds and dried small shrimps, wherein the fat raw material is fish oil, and the meal raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 12: 7: 3: 5: 15: 2 soybean cake, peanut cake, cottonseed cake, rapeseed cake, sunflower seed cake, sesame cake and linseed hull. The preparation process comprises the following steps:
s1: drying and dehumidifying the protein raw materials by a dehumidifier, fully removing water in the protein raw materials, and then sieving to obtain fully sieved net protein raw materials; dividing the composite additive and the fat raw material into two parts with equal quantity, and reserving and classifying; crushing the meal raw material by a disposable crusher, drying and sieving to obtain meal raw material powder;
s2: adding a net protein raw material and meal raw material powder into water at the temperature of 30 ℃, then cooling to 20 ℃, adding a modified starch raw material and a single fat raw material, mixing, then adding a single compound additive, heating to 40 ℃, stirring to be colloidal, and standing for a period of time;
s3: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out conditioning treatment and drying on a standing material, wherein the water content of the dried material is 8%, meanwhile, introducing sterilizing steam during conditioning, adding the rest composite additive into a steam stock solution, preparing a composite additive aqueous solution by the composite additive, and adding the composite additive into the steam stock solution, wherein the mass ratio of the composite additive to water in the composite additive aqueous solution is 5: 20;
s4: adding the dried material obtained in the step S2 into a double-screw extruder for multiple pressurization and puffing treatments, and granulating, wherein the temperature of the extrusion section of the extruder is not more than 120 ℃, and the temperature of the front end of the extruder is 55 ℃;
s5: and (3) feeding the granulated material into a spheronizer to carry out spheronization treatment, standing after spheronization to obtain feed round granules, pressurizing and atomizing the remaining fat raw material by a vacuum sprayer, spraying the atomized fat raw material on the surface of the feed round granules, feeding the feed round granules into a freezing centrifuge to be frozen, and coating the cooled oil film on the surface of the feed round granules to obtain the low-starch-content micropterus salmoides feed.
Example 4
The embodiment prepares the micropterus salmoides feed with low starch content, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 62 parts of protein raw materials, 12 parts of modified starch raw materials, 15 parts of meal raw materials, 8 parts of fat raw materials and 3 parts of composite additives, wherein the modified starch raw materials are prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 8: 5: 5, the mixture of resistant starch, amylose starch, slowly digestible starch and amylose corn starch, wherein the composite additive is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 2, and the protein raw materials comprise 7 mass percent of vitamin, allicin and calcium dihydrogen phosphate: 2: 1, fish meal, rubber seeds and dried small shrimps, wherein the fat raw material is fish oil, and the meal raw materials comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 12: 7: 3: 5: 13: 1 soybean cake, peanut cake, cottonseed cake, rapeseed cake, sunflower seed cake, sesame cake and linseed hull. The preparation process comprises the following steps:
s1: drying and dehumidifying the protein raw materials by a dehumidifier, fully removing water in the protein raw materials, and then sieving to obtain fully sieved net protein raw materials; dividing the composite additive and the fat raw material into two parts with equal quantity, and reserving and classifying; crushing the meal raw material by a disposable crusher, drying and sieving to obtain meal raw material powder;
s2: adding a net protein raw material and meal raw material powder into water at 29 ℃, then cooling to 10 ℃, adding a modified starch raw material and a single fat raw material, mixing, then adding a single compound additive, heating to 35 ℃, stirring to be colloidal, and standing for a period of time;
s3: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out conditioning treatment and drying on a standing material, wherein the water content of the dried material is 8%, meanwhile, introducing sterilizing steam during conditioning, adding the rest composite additive into a steam stock solution, preparing a composite additive aqueous solution by the composite additive, and adding the composite additive into the steam stock solution, wherein the mass ratio of the composite additive to water in the composite additive aqueous solution is 5: 20;
s4: adding the dried material obtained in the step S2 into a double-screw extruder for multiple pressurization and puffing treatments, and granulating, wherein the temperature of the extrusion section of the extruder is not more than 120 ℃, and the temperature of the front end of the extruder is 55 ℃;
s5: and (3) feeding the granulated material into a spheronizer to carry out spheronization treatment, standing after spheronization to obtain feed round granules, pressurizing and atomizing the remaining fat raw material by a vacuum sprayer, spraying the atomized fat raw material on the surface of the feed round granules, feeding the feed round granules into a freezing centrifuge to be frozen, and coating the cooled oil film on the surface of the feed round granules to obtain the low-starch-content micropterus salmoides feed.
Comparative example
The comparative example is a commercial common micropterus salmoides expanded feed, and the manufacturer comprises: zhejiang allixing feed science and technology limited company comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 12% of gluten powder, 7% of yeast powder, 6% of high-quality shrimp powder, 34% of imported fish meal, 18% of domestic high-quality defatted fish meal, 5% of chicken meal, 12% of soybean meal, 3% of fish oil, 1.5% of liquid phospholipid and 1.5% of monocalcium phosphate.
Test examples
The feed prepared in the examples 1 to 4 and the feed prepared in the comparative example were subjected to a feeding test to judge the influence of the feed of the examples of the present invention on the growth performance of the micropterus salmoides, and the loss rate of the feed after staying on the water surface for 5min was observed, the test period was 90d, the sizes of the micropterus salmoides of the comparative example and each example were uniform, 20 seedlings were fed in one breeding box of each example, the error of the initial weight seedlings was 0.5g, the normal artificial feeding step, the feed feeding amount was 3% of the weight of the fish, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Average weight gain g/tail | Loss rate% | Meat ratio of materials | |
| Example 1 | 270 | 5.7 | 0.88 |
| Example 2 | 276 | 4.4 | 0.82 |
| Example 3 | 288 | 3.8 | 0.72 |
| Example 4 | 283 | 4.3 | 0.75 |
| Comparative example | 254 | 9.5 | 0.98 |
As can be seen from the above table, the feed of examples 1 to 4 has a lower loss rate compared with the commercial feed, and the feed of the present invention has a longer water surface residence time, and the weight gain of the micropterus salmoides of the examples is significantly higher than that of the comparative examples, and the feed has a lower feed conversion ratio, which indicates that the feed with a low starch content can make the micropterus salmoides get rid of the metabolic disorders and other diseases caused by excessive starch in the feed, and improve the metabolic efficiency of the feed after use.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. The low-starch content micropterus salmoides feed is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 58-62 parts of protein raw materials, 7-12 parts of modified starch raw materials, 12-15 parts of meal raw materials, 6-8 parts of fat raw materials and 2-3 parts of composite additives, wherein the modified starch raw materials are at least one of resistant starch, amylose, slowly digestible starch or amylose corn starch, and the composite additives comprise vitamins, garlicin and calcium dihydrogen phosphate.
2. The low-starch content micropterus salmoides feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the vitamins, the allicin and the monocalcium phosphate is (1-1.5): (1-1.5): (2-2.5).
3. The low-starch content micropterus salmoides feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protein raw materials comprise (6-8) by mass: (1-3): (0.5-1.5) fish meal, rubber seed and dried small shrimp powder.
4. The low starch content micropterus salmoides feed of claim 1, wherein the fat material is one or both of soybean lecithin or fish oil.
5. The low-starch content micropterus salmoides feed according to claim 1, wherein the meal raw material is at least one of soybean meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, sesame meal or linseed hulls.
6. The method of preparing a low starch content micropterus salmoides feed of any one of claims 1-5, comprising the steps of:
s1: adding a protein raw material and a meal raw material into preheated water, then cooling, adding a modified starch raw material and a part of fat raw material, mixing, then adding a part of composite additive, heating, stirring to be colloidal, and standing;
s2: carrying out quenching and tempering treatment and drying on the standing material, introducing sterilizing steam during quenching and tempering, and adding the rest composite additive into the steam stock solution;
s3: carrying out multiple pressurization and puffing treatments on the dried material obtained in the step S2, and granulating;
s4: and (3) carrying out rounding treatment on the granulated material to obtain feed round grains, atomizing the rest fat raw material, spraying the atomized fat raw material on the surface of the feed round grains, and cooling to obtain the low-starch content micropterus salmoides feed.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step S1, the protein material is pre-treated by: drying and dehumidifying the protein raw materials by a dehumidifier, removing water in the protein raw materials, and then sieving.
8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that in step S1, the meal raw material is crushed, dried and sieved before mixing.
9. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein in step S2, the composite additive is prepared into a composite additive aqueous solution, and then the composite additive aqueous solution is added into the steam stock solution, wherein the mass ratio of the composite additive to water in the composite additive aqueous solution is (4-5.5): (18-25).
10. The method of claim 6, wherein in step S3, the pressure-puffing process is performed by using a twin-screw extruder, the twin-screw feeding section, the extruding section and the discharging section are provided with temperature sensing elements and pressure sensing elements, a return pipe valve is introduced to the outer peripheral edge of the extruding end, and when the extruding end temperature element determines that the extruded feed puffing temperature and pressure are insufficient, the insufficiently puffed material is fed to the front end of the extruding section through the return pipe valve for pressure-puffing again.
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| JP2012065565A (en) * | 2010-09-22 | 2012-04-05 | Nippon Suisan Kaisha Ltd | Fish-culturing feed |
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| CN110367397A (en) * | 2019-06-29 | 2019-10-25 | 佛山市顺德区旺海饲料实业有限公司 | A kind of largemouth bass expanded pellet diet of ultralow starch and preparation method thereof |
| CN110892953A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-03-20 | 广州观星农业科技有限公司 | Compound feed for micropterus salmoides and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2012065565A (en) * | 2010-09-22 | 2012-04-05 | Nippon Suisan Kaisha Ltd | Fish-culturing feed |
| CN106858188A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-06-20 | 刘忠宁 | A kind of feed formula of perch and preparation method thereof |
| CN108606188A (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2018-10-02 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | A kind of bighead functionality expanded pellet diet and preparation method thereof |
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