CN114376085A - Calf feed and production method thereof - Google Patents

Calf feed and production method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114376085A
CN114376085A CN202210172890.9A CN202210172890A CN114376085A CN 114376085 A CN114376085 A CN 114376085A CN 202210172890 A CN202210172890 A CN 202210172890A CN 114376085 A CN114376085 A CN 114376085A
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parts
feed
calf
calves
weight
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赵小东
李俊
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Ordos Saibaoyin Ecological Animal Husbandry Co ltd
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Ordos Saibaoyin Ecological Animal Husbandry Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/111—Aromatic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/189—Enzymes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/30—Oligoelements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
    • A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
    • A23L3/3463—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
    • A23L3/3481—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A23L3/3499—Organic compounds containing oxygen with doubly-bound oxygen
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
    • A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
    • A61K31/166—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide having the carbon of a carboxamide group directly attached to the aromatic ring, e.g. procainamide, procarbazine, metoclopramide, labetalol
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A61P33/02—Antiprotozoals, e.g. for leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Abstract

The application provides a calf feed and a production method thereof, the feed comprises: coarse material, fine material and additional additive, wherein the coarse material comprises corn, puffed soybean meal, double-low rapeseed meal, bran and corn bran; the concentrated feed comprises DDGS feed, wheat middling, sodium chloride, calcium hydrophosphate, limestone powder, water and molasses; the additional additives include a compound premix, phytase and a probiotic culture. The production method of the calf feed comprises the following steps: the coarse material, the fine material and the additional additive are proportioned according to a reasonable proportion, then the coarse material is crushed into proper grain size, and the grain size is mixed and homogenized with the fine material and the additional additive to prepare the feed. Above-mentioned calf fodder helps the digestion of calf to make the more thorough absorption of nutrient composition in the feed of calf, be favorable to the nutrition equilibrium of calf, promote the grade looks of calf.

Description

Calf feed and production method thereof
Technical Field
The application relates to a livestock feed formula technology, in particular to a calf feed and a production method thereof.
Background
Calves in the traditional sense refer to cattle from birth to the stage of weaning. The physiological characteristics of calves before weaning are generally shown as follows: the tissues and organs of various systems of the body (particularly the digestive system and the immune system) are underdeveloped, the digestive function is poor, and the immunity is low. The calf is in the young growth stage of the life stage of the calf, is easily attacked by external adverse conditions, and is the reserve strength of the herd, which is closely related to the future growth performance, reproductive performance and economic benefit of the herd. Therefore, the feeding and management of calves are very important links in the feeding management of animal farms. The feeding of the calves is particularly important, because the immunity of the young calves (calves of 0-6 months old) is low, and each digestive organ is still in the growth stage, so that the calves are young and tender, if the nutrition proportion of the feed is unbalanced or the feed is too coarse, the health of the calves is greatly influenced, the requirements of the young calves on the feed are more strict, and the early-stage feed directly influences the later-stage production and feeding quality of the calves. The calf feed on the market at present has unbalanced nutrient components and coarse material quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a calf feed and a production method thereof, which are used for solving the problems of unbalanced nutritional ingredients and rough material quality of the commercial calf feed.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a calf feed comprising: coarse material, fine material and additional additives, wherein the coarse material comprises corn, puffed soybean meal, double-low rapeseed meal, bran and corn bran; the concentrated feed comprises DDGS feed, wheat middling, sodium chloride, calcium hydrophosphate, limestone powder, water and molasses; the additional additives include a compound premix, phytase and a probiotic culture.
Optionally, the weight ratio of the coarse material, the fine material and the additional additive is 10-15: 5-8: 1-3.
Optionally, the coarse material comprises 350-400 parts of corn, 240-280 parts of puffed soybean meal, 45-65 parts of double-low rapeseed meal, 45-70 parts of bran and 65-80 parts of corn bran by total weight of 1000 parts of the feed.
In the application, each raw material is added according to different proportions in the concentrated feed, so that the feed is beneficial to balancing feed nutrition, the nutrition balance of calves is promoted, and the growth and development of the calves are facilitated.
Optionally, the total weight of the feed is 1000 parts, the concentrated feed contains 65-80 parts of DDGS feed, 50-70 parts of wheat middling, 4-7 parts of sodium chloride, 3-6 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 13-18 parts of limestone powder, 3-5 parts of water and 10-18 parts of molasses.
The concentrated feed is used for providing relatively less nutrient substances in the coarse feed for the calves, and the nutrient substances are complementary with the nutrient substances in the coarse feed, so that the nutrient substances of the calf feed are more balanced, the growth and development of the calves are facilitated, the grade of the calves is improved, and the growth cycle of the calves is shortened; the second time, the use of the concentrated feed can improve the taste of the feed, improve the palatability of the feed and also has the effect of stimulating the calf to eat.
Optionally, the total weight of the feed is 1000 parts, the compound premix is 7-12 parts, the phytase is 0.1-0.4 part, and the probiotic culture is 5-10 parts.
Optionally, the compound premix comprises, by total weight of 100 wt%, 20-45 wt% of vitamins, 10-15 wt% of methionine, 5-10 wt% of growth promoters, 5-15 wt% of insect-repelling health-care agents, 10-12 wt% of feed preservatives, 20-25 wt% of active peptides, and 5-10 wt% of trace elements.
In this application, extra addition material mainly is the material of strengthening nutrient, probiotic culture, growth promoter and improvement calf immunity, and outstanding function just can be played to this kind of material addition minimum, and the addition of extra addition material can strengthen the nutrient substance of coarse fodder and beneficiated burden material, can strengthen the physique of calf again, improves the immunity of calf, promotes the digestive system growth and development of calf.
Optionally, the particle size of the limestone powder is 80-200 meshes.
Optionally, the coarse material further comprises rice bran, and the rice bran accounts for 85-120 parts by weight of the total weight of the feed.
Optionally, the concentrated feed further comprises malt, and the malt accounts for 100-120 parts by weight of the total weight of the feed.
Optionally, the additional additive further comprises choline, and the choline accounts for 1-3 parts by weight of the total weight of the feed.
According to the calf feed, raw materials of the feed are divided into three types according to coarse materials, fine materials and extra additives, the addition of the coarse materials can provide basic nutrients such as starch, protein, cellulose and the like for the diet of calves, and the most basic requirements of the calves on the nutrients can be met; the concentrated feed is used for providing relatively less nutrient substances in the coarse feed for the calves and complementing the nutrient substances in the coarse feed, so that the nutrient substances of the calf feed are more balanced, the growth and development of the calves are facilitated, the grade of the calves is improved, and the growth cycle of the calves is shortened; the use of the concentrated feed can improve the taste of the feed, improve the palatability of the feed and also has the effect of stimulating the calf to eat; the extra additives are mainly a nutrient enrichment agent, a probiotic culture, a growth promoter and a substance for improving the immunity of calves, and can play an excellent role when being added in a very small amount. Calf fodder is different according to its nutrient composition in this application, carries out reasonable ratio to raw materials wherein for each nutrient composition reaches the equilibrium, and this is favorable to the calf to grow, improves the immunity of calf, strengthens the physique of calf, makes the hair color of calf bright, and promotes the looks of calf.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for producing a calf feed, comprising the steps of:
s101, preprocessing: crushing the coarse material into particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm; mixing the fine materials uniformly;
s102, mixing: mixing and stirring the fine material and the additional additive, stirring for 30-50 minutes at a rotating speed of 20-35 revolutions per minute, and uniformly mixing the fine material and the additional additive to prepare a mixture;
s103, homogenizing: and uniformly mixing the mixture and the coarse material to obtain the calf feed.
According to the feed production method, the coarse material, the fine material and the extra additive are proportioned according to the weight parts of the raw materials, the coarse material is crushed into a proper particle size, and is mixed and homogenized with the fine material and the extra additive to prepare the feed, the feed is beneficial to digestion of calves, so that the calves can absorb nutritional ingredients in the feed more thoroughly, the nutrition balance of the calves is facilitated, and the grade phase of the calves is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for producing a calf feed according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a calf feed comprising: coarse material, fine material and additional additives, wherein the coarse material comprises corn, puffed soybean meal, double-low rapeseed meal, bran and corn bran; the concentrated feed comprises DDGS feed, wheat middling, sodium chloride, calcium hydrophosphate, limestone powder, water and molasses; the additional additives include a compound premix, phytase and a probiotic culture.
Optionally, the weight ratio of the coarse material, the fine material and the additional additive is 10-15: 5-8: 1-3. The corn is used as the main component in the coarse material, so that abundant starch can be provided for the calf, and the fiber content in the corn is high, so that the calf can ruminate easily.
The puffed soybean powder is a feed product of whole soybeans after puffing, keeps the nutritional ingredients of the soybeans, removes the anti-nutritional factors of the soybeans, denatures protein in the soybeans, gelatinizes starch, balances amino acids, is rich in grease, has strong oil fragrance, can induce calves to eat, kills germs at high temperature and high pressure in the production process of the puffed soybean powder, is clean and sanitary feed, has high nutritional value and is beneficial to the growth and development of the calves.
The double-low rapeseed meal contains rich lysine (more than 2%), major elements and trace elements, wherein the contents of calcium, selenium, iron, magnesium, manganese and zinc are higher than those of soybean feed, the phosphorus content is twice of that of the soybean feed, and the double-low rapeseed meal also contains rich sulfur-containing amino acids which are just lacking in the soybean feed, so that when the double-low rapeseed meal is combined with the soybean feed, for example, the double-low rapeseed meal is combined with puffed soybean meal to play a role in balance and complementation; the price of the double-low rapeseed meal is lower than that of soybean feed such as soybean meal, which is beneficial to reducing the production cost of raising calves; in addition, the low-calorie rapeseed meal does not contain thioglycoside, and is beneficial to protecting the digestive system and thyroid gland health of calves.
The bran is seed coat sieved after flour is ground by wheat, and the inside of the bran contains rich vitamin B group elements and cellulose, wherein the cellulose is beneficial to rumination of calves.
The corn bran is the corn bran separated from the soaked and crushed corn, the main components of the corn bran are fiber, starch, protein and the like, and necessary nutrient substances can be provided for the growth of calves.
The addition of the coarse material can provide basic nutrients such as starch, protein, cellulose and the like for the diet of calves, and can meet the most basic requirements of the calves on the nutrients.
DDGS (Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles, Chinese name: Distillers Dried Grains and Solubles) feed, which is a trade name of Distillers Dried Grains protein feed, i.e., Distillers Dried Grains with soluble solids, can be, for example, DDGS high-fat feed (with fat content > 10%). In the process of preparing ethanol by fermenting corn, starch in the corn is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide, and other nutrient components (such as protein, fat, fiber and the like) are remained in vinasse. Meanwhile, due to the action of microorganisms, the contents of protein, B vitamins and amino acid in the vinasse are higher than those of corn, and unknown growth promoting factors generated in fermentation are contained. Feeding the calves with DDGS high-fat feed, wherein the fermentation components contained in the feed can improve the rumen fermentation function, provide rumen-bypass protein, convert fiber into energy, have strong palatability and edible safety, and are excellent sources of minerals such as phosphorus, potassium and the like; and the growth promoting factor can accelerate the growth of calves and shorten the growth cycle of the calves.
The wheat middling is also called black flour, yellow flour, bottom flour or third flour and the like, is a by-product of wheat processing, mainly comprises fine bran powder and partial wheat endosperm, is one of the by-products obtained by grinding various kinds of flour by taking wheat grains as raw materials, is rich in protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, mineral substances and the like, contains about 30 percent of starch, and can improve the granular feeling of the feed and the palatability by adding the wheat middling into the feed of calves, and the growth and development of the calves can be promoted by the nutrient substances in the feed.
The sodium chloride and calcium hydrogen phosphate are added to provide corresponding electrolytes for calves, and the calcium hydrogen phosphate also provides phosphorus element and calcium element for calves.
The main component of the limestone powder is calcium carbonate, so that after being eaten by calves, the limestone powder can balance the pH value of rumens of the calves, improve the fermentation function of the rumens, and provide sufficient calcium elements for the calves, so that the bone growth and development of the calves are promoted, and the calves grow healthily and highly.
Molasses is a viscous, dark brown and semi-flowing object, mainly contains sucrose, has high pantothenic acid content of 37mg/kg, and has considerable biotin content. The molasses contains a small amount of crude protein, generally 3-6%, wherein the content of aspartic acid and glutamic acid is high, and the aspartic acid and the glutamic acid are flavor amino acids, so that the molasses can be used in calf feed to greatly stimulate the appetite of calves, promote the feeding of the calves and promote the growth of the calves, and the feeding cost can be reduced by adding the molasses due to the low price and easy availability of the molasses. In addition, due to the characteristic of molasses semifluid, the molasses and water can be used as a shaping agent of the feed under the combined action, and the molasses and water are good feed excipients.
Water is used together with molasses in the calf feed of the application to form a feed excipient.
Optionally, the compound premix comprises, by total weight of 100 wt%, 20-45 wt% of vitamins, 10-15 wt% of methionine, 5-10 wt% of growth promoters, 5-15 wt% of insect-repelling health-care agents, 10-12 wt% of feed preservatives, 20-25 wt% of active peptides, and 5-10 wt% of trace elements.
The vitamins in the compound premix are added as a nutrient enrichment agent, so that the defects of the natural feed can be overcome, and the nutrition of the feed tends to be balanced.
Methionine is essential amino acid for animals, and has main function of participating in protein synthesis, and if methionine is deficient, protein synthesis in vivo is hindered, which causes body damage, and the addition of methionine is helpful for calf growth.
The growth promoter has the main effects of stimulating the growth of calves, promoting the health of the calves, improving the utilization efficiency of the feed, improving the production capacity and saving the expense of the feed cost, for example, cellulase can assist in hydrolyzing plant fibers, the plant fibers are hydrolyzed into glucose and other monosaccharides, and the utilization rate of the feed is improved.
The parasite expelling health agent is helpful for the health of digestive system of calf, the digestive system of calf is delicate and vulnerable to attack of parasite, and small amount of furazolidone can be added to prevent and treat coccidiosis of calf.
The feed preservative is antioxidant and mildew preventive, because the seed particles lose the protective effect of seed coats after being crushed, the exposed contents are easily polluted by oxidation and mould, and the added feed preservative such as sodium benzoate mainly plays a role in preventing finished feed from deteriorating, so that the shelf life of the finished feed is prolonged.
The active peptide is a general name of different peptides from dipeptide to complex linear and annular structure, which are formed by natural amino acids in different compositions and arrangement modes, is a multifunctional compound derived from protein, has multiple physiological regulation functions, is easy to digest and absorb, such as nisin, which has good bactericidal action, can stimulate the growth of macrophages in calves, improve the immunity and the capability of resisting bacterial invasion of calves, can reduce the morbidity of calves, improve the quality and the hair color of calves, and is beneficial to the healthy growth and development of the calves.
The trace elements comprise cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, selenium, zinc, molybdenum and the like for the calves, are indispensable substances in the growth and development process of the calves, can provide necessary nutrients for the calves, and play an extremely important role in ensuring the normal physiological functions and substance metabolism of the calves.
Phytase is an enzyme preparation produced by microbial fermentation and can decompose natural organic phosphorus in animal feed. The phytase added into the feed can replace part of calcium hydrophosphate, and as natural phosphorus in the feed is absorbed, the removal amount of phosphorus in animal wastes can be reduced by 40-60%, so that the intensive animal farm is reducedThe pollution of phosphorus in the excrement to the environment is eliminated. Phytase hydrolyzes the phosphate residues from phytic acid, thus destroying the strong affinity of phytic acid for mineral elements, so that phytase can increase the nutritional value of mineral elements, and the Ca is released2+Can participate in cross-linking or other reactions, thereby changing the texture of the vegetable food.
The probiotic culture is a yeast culture product, is rich in probiotics, has the functions of maintaining the dynamic balance of gastrointestinal microorganisms of calves, improving the gastrointestinal function of calves and reducing the probability of calf diarrhea, can also improve the feed utilization rate, reduce the breeding cost, relieve the influence of stress on calves, improve the feed quality and stability, optimize the feed nutritive value and increase the functional application of the feed product, and the probiotic culture in the application can adopt Yikang XP for example.
Optionally, the coarse material comprises 350-400 parts of corn, 240-280 parts of puffed soybean meal, 45-65 parts of double-low rapeseed meal, 45-70 parts of bran and 65-80 parts of corn bran by total weight of 1000 parts of the feed.
In the application, the corn and the puffed soybean meal are main raw materials in the coarse fodder, can provide the most basic nutrient substances for calves, and lead each nutrient substance to tend to be balanced through reasonable proportioning.
Optionally, the total weight of the feed is 1000 parts, the concentrated feed contains 65-80 parts of DDGS feed, 50-70 parts of wheat middling, 4-7 parts of sodium chloride, 3-6 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 13-18 parts of limestone powder, 3-5 parts of water and 10-18 parts of molasses.
Optionally, the total weight of the feed is 1000 parts, the compound premix is 7-12 parts, the phytase is 0.1-0.4 part, and the probiotic culture is 5-10 parts.
In this application, extra addition material mainly is the material of strengthening nutrient, probiotic culture, growth promoter and improvement calf immunity, and outstanding function just can be played to this kind of material addition minimum, and the addition of extra addition material can strengthen the nutrient substance of coarse fodder and beneficiated burden material, can strengthen the physique of calf again, improves the immunity of calf, promotes the digestive system growth and development of calf.
Optionally, the particle size of the limestone powder is 80-200 meshes.
Limestone powder with a slightly coarser granularity is selected in the application, so that calcium is provided for the calves, the calves can be helped to grind food in the stomach, and the important digestive organs such as rumens of the calves are protected.
Optionally, the coarse material further comprises rice bran, and the rice bran accounts for 85-120 parts by weight of the total weight of the feed.
In the application, the rice bran is mainly prepared by processing rice pericarp, seed coat, endosperm, aleurone layer and embryo, and the rice bran is rich in various nutrients and physiologically active substances, thereby being beneficial to promoting the growth and development of calves and balancing the nutrition of coarse materials.
Optionally, the concentrated feed further comprises malt, and the malt accounts for 100-120 parts by weight of the total weight of the feed.
The fructus Hordei Germinatus is processed product of mature fructus Hordei vulgaris of Gramineae by germination and drying, contains abundant carbohydrate and protein, and is beneficial to rumen development of calf.
Optionally, the additional additive further comprises choline, and the choline accounts for 1-3 parts by weight of the total weight of the feed.
In the application, choline is an essential component of animal body tissues, and by adding the choline, the growth performance of calves can be improved, precursors with the functions of methionine and gluconeogenesis can be saved, the growth of calves is facilitated, and the feeding cost is saved.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a method for producing a calf feed, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the steps of:
s101, preprocessing: crushing the coarse material into particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm; and (4) uniformly mixing the concentrates.
S102, mixing: and mixing and stirring the fine material and the additional additive, stirring for 30-50 minutes at a rotating speed of 20-35 revolutions per minute, and uniformly mixing the fine material and the additional additive to prepare a mixture.
S103, homogenizing: and uniformly mixing the mixture and the coarse material to obtain the calf feed.
According to the feed production method, the coarse material, the fine material and the extra additive are proportioned according to the weight parts of the raw materials, the coarse material is crushed into a proper particle size, and is mixed and homogenized with the fine material and the extra additive to prepare the feed, the feed is beneficial to digestive absorption of calves, so that the calves can absorb nutritional ingredients in the feed more thoroughly, the nutrition balance of the calves is facilitated, and the grade of the calves is improved.
According to the calf feed, raw materials of the feed are divided into three types according to coarse materials, fine materials and extra additives, the addition of the coarse materials can provide basic nutrients such as starch, protein, cellulose and the like for the diet of calves, and the most basic requirements of the calves on the nutrients can be met; the concentrated feed is used for providing relatively less nutrient substances in the coarse feed for the calves and complementing the nutrient substances in the coarse feed, so that the calf feed has more balanced nutrient substances, is more beneficial to the growth and development of the calves, improves the grade of the calves, shortens the growth cycle of the calves and the like; the use of the concentrated feed can improve the taste of the feed, improve the palatability of the feed and stimulate calves to eat; the extra additives are mainly a nutrient enrichment agent, a probiotic culture, a growth promoter and a substance for improving the immunity of calves, and can play an excellent role when being added in a very small amount. Calf fodder is different according to its nutrient composition in this application, carries out reasonable ratio to raw materials wherein for each nutrient composition reaches the equilibrium, and this is favorable to the calf to grow, improves the immunity of calf, strengthens the physique of calf, makes the hair color of calf bright, promotes the looks of calf.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
example 1
A production method of calf feed comprises the following steps:
(1) the weight ratio of the coarse material to the fine material to the additional additive is as follows: the ratio of the coarse material to the fine material to the additional additive is 10: 5: 1.
Wherein the coarse fodder is prepared by crushing 350 parts of corn, 240 parts of puffed soybean meal, 45 parts of double-low rapeseed meal, 45 parts of bran and 65 parts of corn bran into particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm according to 1000 parts of the total weight of the fodder;
the concentrated feed is prepared by mixing 65 parts of DDGS high-fat feed, 50 parts of wheat middling, 4 parts of sodium chloride, 3 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 13 parts of limestone powder, 3 parts of water and 10 parts of molasses according to 1000 parts of total weight of the feed for later use.
The feed is characterized in that the feed is additionally added with materials, wherein the total weight of the feed is 1000 parts, 7 parts of compound premix, 0.1 part of phytase and 5 parts of Yikang XP are taken, wherein the compound premix contains 25 wt% of vitamins, 10 wt% of methionine, 10 wt% of cellulase, 15 wt% of furazolidone, 15 wt% of sodium benzoate, 20 wt% of nisin and 5 wt% of trace elements according to 100 wt% of the total weight.
(2) And (3) placing the additional additive and the fine material in the proportion into a stirring kettle, stirring for 30 minutes at a rotating speed of 20-35 rpm, and uniformly mixing to prepare a mixture.
(3) And uniformly mixing the mixture and the crushed coarse material to obtain the calf feed.
Example 2
A production method of calf feed is the same as the production method of the embodiment 1, except that the mixture ratio of the materials in the feed is different, and the weight ratio of the coarse material, the fine material and the additional additive is 15: 8: 3. The mixture ratio is as follows: the feed comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 1000 parts of coarse materials, 400 parts of corn, 280 parts of expanded soybean meal, 65 parts of double-low rapeseed meal, 70 parts of bran and 80 parts of corn bran.
The feed comprises 1000 parts of concentrated feed, 80 parts of DDGS high-fat feed, 70 parts of wheat middling, 7 parts of sodium chloride, 6 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 18 parts of limestone powder, 5 parts of water and 18 parts of molasses.
The feed comprises, by weight, 1000 parts of total feed, 12 parts of compound premix, 0.4 part of phytase and 10 parts of Yikang XP, wherein the compound premix comprises, by weight, 100% of total amount, 45% of vitamins, 10% of methionine, 5% of cellulase, 5% of furazolidone, 10% of sodium benzoate, 20% of nisin and 5% of trace elements.
Example 3
A production method of calf feed is the same as the production method of example 1, except that the mixture ratio of the materials in the feed is different, and the weight ratio of coarse material, fine material and extra additive is 12: 6: 1. The mixture ratio is as follows: the feed comprises, by weight, 1000 parts of coarse materials, 370 parts of corn, 260 parts of puffed soybean meal, 55 parts of double-low rapeseed meal, 60 parts of bran and 70 parts of corn bran.
The feed comprises, by weight, 1000 parts of a concentrate, 70 parts of DDGS high-fat feed, 60 parts of wheat middling, 6 parts of sodium chloride, 5 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 15 parts of limestone powder, 4 parts of water and 15 parts of molasses.
The feed comprises, by weight, 1000 parts of an additional additive, 10 parts of a compound premix, 0.2 part of phytase and 8 parts of Yikang XP, wherein the compound premix comprises, by weight, 100% of total amount, 25% of vitamins, 12% of methionine, 8% of cellulase, 10% of furazolidone, 12% of sodium benzoate, 25% of nisin and 8% of trace elements.
Example 4
A production method of calf feed is the same as the production method of the embodiment 1, except that the mixture ratio of the materials in the feed is different, and the weight ratio of the coarse material, the fine material and the additional additive is 14: 7: 2. The mixture ratio is as follows: the feed comprises, by weight, 1000 parts of coarse materials, 380 parts of corn, 260 parts of expanded soybean meal, 50 parts of double-low rapeseed meal, 65 parts of bran and 75 parts of corn bran.
The feed comprises, by weight, 1000 parts of a concentrate, 70 parts of DDGS high-fat feed, 65 parts of wheat middling, 6 parts of sodium chloride, 4 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 16 parts of limestone powder, 5 parts of water and 12 parts of molasses.
The feed comprises, by weight, 1000 parts of total feed, 9 parts of compound premix, 0.3 part of phytase and 10 parts of Yikang XP, wherein the compound premix comprises, by weight, 100% of total amount, 20% of vitamins, 15% of methionine, 8% of cellulase, 12% of furazolidone, 10% of sodium benzoate, 25% of nisin and 10% of trace elements.
Example 5
A production method of calf feed is the same as the production method of example 1, except that the mixture ratio of the materials in the feed is different, and the weight ratio of coarse material, fine material and extra additive is 11: 5: 1. The mixture ratio is as follows: the feed comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 1000 parts of coarse materials, 360 parts of corn, 250 parts of puffed soybean meal, 60 parts of double-low rapeseed meal, 55 parts of bran and 78 parts of corn bran.
The feed comprises 1000 parts of concentrated feed, 72 parts of DDGS high-fat feed, 64 parts of wheat middling, 6 parts of sodium chloride, 4 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 14 parts of limestone powder, 6 parts of water and 16 parts of molasses.
The feed comprises 1000 parts of additional additives, 8 parts of compound premix, 0.3 part of phytase and 7 parts of Yikang XP, wherein the compound premix contains 22 wt% of vitamins, 15 wt% of methionine, 8 wt% of cellulase, 15 wt% of furazolidone, 12 wt% of sodium benzoate, 20 wt% of nisin and 8 wt% of trace elements according to the total weight of 100 wt%.
Example 6
A production method of calf feed is the same as the production method of example 1, except that the mixture ratio of the materials in the feed is different, and the weight ratio of coarse material, fine material and extra additive is 13: 6: 1. The mixture ratio is as follows: the feed comprises the following raw materials, by weight, 1000 parts of coarse materials, 400 parts of corn, 265 parts of expanded soybean meal, 50 parts of double-low rapeseed meal, 50 parts of bran and 72 parts of corn bran.
The feed comprises 1000 parts of concentrated feed, 76 parts of DDGS high-fat feed, 66 parts of wheat middling, 6 parts of sodium chloride, 6 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 14 parts of limestone powder, 5 parts of water and 18 parts of molasses.
The feed comprises 1000 parts of additional additives, 8 parts of compound premix, 0.2 part of phytase and 9 parts of Yikang XP, wherein the compound premix contains 24 wt% of vitamins, 13 wt% of methionine, 8 wt% of cellulase, 13 wt% of furazolidone, 12 wt% of sodium benzoate, 22 wt% of nisin and 8 wt% of trace elements according to the total weight of 100 wt%.
Comparative example 1
The commercial calf feed comprises, by total weight of 1000 parts, 380 parts of corn, 275 parts of expanded soybean meal, 75 parts of soybean meal, 120 parts of bran, 70 parts of DDGS feed, 66 parts of wheat middling, 6 parts of sodium chloride, 16 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 5 parts of water, 18 parts of molasses, 8 parts of compound premix, 0.2 part of phytase and 9 parts of Yikang XP, wherein the compound premix contains 36 wt% of vitamins, 13 wt% of methionine, 8 wt% of trypsin, 13 wt% of abamectin, 22 wt% of behenoquine and 8 wt% of trace elements.
The calf feed and the raw materials thereof are determined by the method in GB/T19424-2018 'general requirements for natural plant feed raw materials' and meet the requirements therein. 350 calves of 2 months old are selected and averagely divided into 7 groups, the feed prepared in the above examples 1-6 and the commercial feed are respectively used for feeding the selected calves, the diseased condition and the growing condition of the calves are statistically compared after 1 month feeding, and the results are recorded in table 1 as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003519145720000121
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, after the calves fed with the calves of examples 1 to 6, the calves grew 50 to 55kg within 1 month, and the average daily weight gain of the calves was higher than that of comparative example 1. The calf feed provided by the application is balanced in nutrition, high in conversion rate, easy to digest and absorb by calves, beneficial to growth and development of calves, and capable of shortening the growth cycle of calves to a certain extent; the diseased number of calves fed with the calf feed of the embodiment 1-6 is only 1-2, and the diseased number of calves in the comparative example is 5, which shows that the calf feed can enhance the physique and improve the immunity of calves. And the hair color of the calves fed with the calves feed of the embodiment 1 to the embodiment 6 is bright, and the calves are good.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art; the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A calf feed comprises coarse material, concentrated material and additional additive, and is characterized in that the coarse material comprises corn, puffed soybean meal, double-low rapeseed meal, bran and corn bran; the concentrated feed comprises DDGS feed, wheat middling, sodium chloride, calcium hydrophosphate, limestone powder, water and molasses; the additional additives comprise a compound premix, phytase and a probiotic culture.
2. The calf feed according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the coarse material, the fine material and the additional additive is 10-15: 5-8: 1-3.
3. The calf feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coarse material comprises 350-400 parts of corn, 240-280 parts of puffed soybean meal, 45-65 parts of low-fat rapeseed meal, 45-70 parts of bran and 65-80 parts of corn bran, based on 1000 parts of the total feed weight.
4. The calf feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the concentrated feed comprises, by weight of 1000 parts, 65-80 parts of DDGS feed, 50-70 parts of wheat middling, 4-7 parts of sodium chloride, 3-6 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 13-18 parts of limestone powder, 3-5 parts of water and 10-18 parts of molasses.
5. The calf feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the additional additives comprise 7-12 parts of compound premix, 0.1-0.4 part of phytase and 5-10 parts of probiotic culture, based on 1000 parts of the total weight of the feed.
6. The calf feed according to claim 1, wherein the compound premix comprises 20-45 wt% of vitamins, 10-15 wt% of methionine, 5-10 wt% of growth promoter, 5-15 wt% of insect repellent health care agent, 10-12 wt% of feed preservative, 20-25 wt% of active peptide and 5-10 wt% of trace elements, wherein the total amount of the vitamin, the methionine, the growth promoter and the insect repellent health care agent is 100 wt%.
7. The calf feed according to claim 1, wherein the limestone powder has a particle size of 80-200 meshes.
8. The calf feed according to claim 1, wherein the coarse material further comprises rice bran, and the rice bran accounts for 85-120 parts by weight of the total feed weight.
9. The calf feed according to claim 1, wherein the concentrate further comprises malt, the malt being 100-120 parts by weight of the total feed weight being 1000 parts; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the additive also comprises choline, and the choline accounts for 1-3 parts by total weight of the feed, wherein the total weight of the feed is 1000 parts.
10. A method for producing a calf feed according to any of claims 1-9, comprising the steps of:
s101, preprocessing: crushing raw materials in the coarse material into particles with the particle size of 2-3 mm; uniformly mixing all the raw materials in the concentrate;
s102, mixing: mixing and stirring the fine material and the additional additive, stirring for 30-50 minutes at a rotating speed of 20-35 revolutions per minute, and uniformly mixing the fine material and the additional additive to prepare a mixture;
s103, homogenizing: and uniformly mixing the mixture and the coarse material to obtain the calf feed.
CN202210172890.9A 2022-02-24 2022-02-24 Calf feed and production method thereof Pending CN114376085A (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106387389A (en) * 2016-09-23 2017-02-15 天津嘉立荷畜牧有限公司 Fully mixed daily grain containing glucose precursors for dairy cattle and preparation method and application thereof
CN113973997A (en) * 2021-09-24 2022-01-28 北京三元种业科技股份有限公司饲料分公司 Lactobacillus composition and calf starter feed

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106387389A (en) * 2016-09-23 2017-02-15 天津嘉立荷畜牧有限公司 Fully mixed daily grain containing glucose precursors for dairy cattle and preparation method and application thereof
CN113973997A (en) * 2021-09-24 2022-01-28 北京三元种业科技股份有限公司饲料分公司 Lactobacillus composition and calf starter feed

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