CN114370267A - Real-time calculation method for heat storage temperature of drill in drilling process of high-temperature geothermal field - Google Patents
Real-time calculation method for heat storage temperature of drill in drilling process of high-temperature geothermal field Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/06—Measuring temperature or pressure
- E21B47/07—Temperature
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
- F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of geothermal resource exploration, and particularly discloses a real-time calculation method for the heat storage temperature of a drill in the drilling process of a high-temperature geothermal field, which comprises the following steps: step 1, collecting necessary data in the drilling process; step 2, establishing a calculation model of the bottom hole temperature; step 3, establishing a calculation formula of the bottom hole heat storage temperature; step 4, calculating the bottom heat storage temperature; and 5, verifying the accuracy of the calculation result. The method needs less data, can calculate the temperature of the drilled thermal storage layer in the drilling process of the high-temperature geothermal field in real time, and under the condition of lacking geophysical logging (temperature measurement) and detailed parameters thereof, by measuring the temperature, flow and density of the well drilling liquid at the well mouth, the site constructors can quickly and timely know the temperature of the drilled thermal storage layer, prevent the high-temperature thermal storage of the drilling in advance and ensure the safety of the drilling construction; meanwhile, a basis is provided for geological technicians to deploy subsequent drilling work and adjust a drilling design scheme at any time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geothermal resource exploration, and particularly relates to a real-time calculation method for the heat storage temperature of a drill in the drilling process of a high-temperature geothermal field.
Background
The heat storage temperature is the most important index parameter for evaluating geothermal resources. In the process of geothermal drilling, how to carry out drilling on the temperature of heat storage is an important work in judging the process of geothermal exploration. Especially for high-temperature geothermal fields, the method has important significance for knowing the heat storage characteristics of the geothermal fields and also has important significance for the safety of drilling construction and the deployment of subsequent drilling work.
In the prior art, the heat storage temperature is mainly judged through geophysical logging (temperature measurement) and geochemical geothermal temperature scale.
Geophysical logging (temperature measurement) is mainly to measure the temperature in a shaft by lowering a temperature measuring device near the bottom of the shaft. According to the geothermal exploration standard, the drill stopping time before temperature measurement is not less than 24h, and the drill stopping time for temperature measurement of a serious leakage well section is properly prolonged. The method usually needs to stop drilling, lift a drill rod, stop drilling for 24 hours and measure temperature, and the time is long, and a great amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are consumed.
The geochemical temperature scale is a method for calculating the underground heat storage temperature by utilizing the chemical components or concentration ratio of underground hot water. The basis for this is that the geothermal fluid and the mineral reach a chemical equilibrium at a certain temperature, which equilibrium is maintained when the temperature of the geothermal fluid is subsequently lowered. The common geochemical temperature scales include silicon dioxide geothermal temperature scale, potassium-magnesium geothermal temperature scale, potassium-sodium geothermal temperature scale and the like. The method mainly acquires the contents of different elements or ions in the geothermal fluid by collecting the geothermal fluid and utilizing a chemical analysis mode so as to reversely push the heat storage temperature. This approach requires that the collected sample be sent to a laboratory for analysis, typically for a period of more than one month. And due to the limitation of the sample collection part, the analysis result is often different from the actual heat storage temperature.
In addition, predecessors established a semi-dynamic heat transfer model of the temperature in the wellbore. Other scholars also develop researches on dynamic mathematical models and numerical solution methods of the wellbore annulus formation. However, the solving process of the methods is complex, especially when mud (drilling fluid) parameters change, the calculation of temperature distribution in a shaft is complex, and the utilization difficulty of the methods on a construction site is high.
Therefore, in the prior art, the temperature of the drill in heat storage during drilling is judged, or the required time is long, a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are consumed, and the purposes of analyzing the temperature of the drill in heat storage in real time, ensuring the construction safety and subsequent work deployment are difficult to achieve; or the required data parameters are more, the data parameters are difficult to obtain in real time, the calculation process is complex, and the field technology and constructors are difficult to master; the temperature of the drilling fluid in the heat storage process cannot be judged in real time.
Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a method for calculating the temperature of the thermal storage of the drill in real time during the drilling process of the high-temperature geothermal field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a real-time calculation method for the temperature of the drilled thermal storage in the drilling process of a high-temperature geothermal field, which has less required data and can calculate the temperature of the drilled thermal storage in the drilling process of the high-temperature geothermal field in real time, and under the condition of lacking geophysical logging (temperature measurement) and detailed parameters thereof, field constructors can quickly and timely know the temperature of the drilled thermal storage in advance by measuring the temperature, flow and density of well drilling liquid at a well mouth, thereby preventing the high-temperature thermal storage in drilling and ensuring the safety of drilling construction; meanwhile, a basis is provided for geological technicians to deploy subsequent drilling work and adjust a drilling design scheme at any time.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a real-time calculation method for the heat storage temperature of a drill in the drilling process of a high-temperature geothermal field comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting necessary data in the drilling process;
step 2, establishing a calculation model of the bottom hole temperature;
step 3, establishing a calculation formula of the bottom hole heat storage temperature;
step 4, calculating the bottom heat storage temperature;
and 5, verifying the accuracy of the calculation result.
The necessary data in step 1 include: t isi、To、Th、Ci、Co、Ch、Vi、Vo、ρi、ρo、ρh、Qo、QiT, wherein Ti、To、ThRespectively representing the temperature of the drilling fluid entering the wellhead, the temperature of the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead and the heat storage temperature of the reservoir subjected to heat drilling; ci、Co、ChThe specific heat capacity of the drilling fluid entering the wellhead, the specific heat capacity of the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead and the specific heat capacity of the hot fluid in the reservoir subjected to heat drilling; vi、VoRespectively representing the flow of the drilling fluid entering the wellhead and the flow of the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead; rhoi、ρo、ρhRespectively representing the density of drilling fluid entering a wellhead, the density of drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead and the density of hot fluid in a reservoir exposed to heat; qo、QiRespectively represents the heat contained in the drilling fluid entering the wellhead and the heat contained in the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead in unit time, and t is time.
The calculation model of the bottom hole temperature in the step 2 is as follows: the drilling fluid enters the drill rod from the wellhead, moves downwards along the drill rod, and moves upwards from the peripheral annular space of the drill rod after reaching the bottom of the well.
According to the calculation model of the bottom hole temperature in the step 2, the heat contained in the geothermal fluid overflowing when the reservoir is exposed to heat is as follows: the difference value delta Q between the heat contained in the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead in unit time and the heat contained in the drilling fluid entering the wellhead in unit time.
The step 3 comprises the following steps:
3.1, preliminarily establishing a calculation formula of the bottom hole heat storage temperature;
and 3.2, establishing a simplified calculation formula of the bottom heat storage temperature.
The calculation formula of the bottom hole heat storage temperature preliminarily established in the step 3.1 is as follows:
Th＝{(To×Vo×Co×ρo)-(Ti×Vi×Ci×ρi)}/{(Vo-Vi)Ch×ρh}。
the simplified calculation formula of the bottom hole heat storage temperature established in the step 3.2 is as follows:
Th＝(To×Vo)-(Ti×Vi)}/(Vo-Vi)。
the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
1. the real-time calculation method for the heat storage temperature of the drill in the drilling process of the high-temperature geothermal field provided by the invention needs less data. The problem that temperature measuring equipment is usually required to be lowered to the bottom of a well to measure the temperature in a shaft when the heat storage temperature of a heat storage layer at the bottom of the well is obtained in the prior art is effectively avoided; or collecting a water sample of a thermal reservoir at the bottom of the well through a blowout test, performing geochemical analysis, and acquiring necessary calculation data; the consumption of more manpower, material resources and financial resources.
2. The real-time calculation method for the heat storage temperature of the drill in the drilling process of the high-temperature geothermal field has real-time performance on the judgment of the position of the heat storage layer, and has greater significance on the safety of drilling construction and the subsequent work deployment guidance. The defects that in the prior art, the time for acquiring data is long when the temperature is measured in the well and the geochemical temperature scale is adopted to calculate the heat storage temperature, and the real-time observation capability is unavailable are effectively overcome.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a water burst model after a geothermal drilling meets a hot reservoir in a real-time calculation method of the drilling meets the hot reservoir temperature in the drilling process of a high-temperature geothermal field.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention provides a real-time calculation method for the heat storage temperature of a drill in the drilling process of a high-temperature geothermal field, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting necessary data in the drilling process
During the implementation of a borehole, it is necessary to acquire the necessary data during drilling. These data include mainly Ti、To、Th、Ci、Co、Ch、Vi、Vo、ρi、ρo、ρh、Qo、QiT, etc.
Ti、To、ThRespectively representing the temperature of the drilling fluid entering the wellhead, the temperature of the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead and the heat storage temperature of the reservoir subjected to heat drilling; ci、Co、ChThe specific heat capacity of the drilling fluid entering the wellhead, the specific heat capacity of the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead and the specific heat capacity of the hot fluid in the reservoir subjected to heat drilling; vi、VoRespectively representing the flow of the drilling fluid entering the wellhead and the flow of the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead; rhoi、ρo、ρhRespectively representing the density of drilling fluid entering a wellhead, the density of drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead and the density of hot fluid in a reservoir exposed to heat; qo、QiRespectively represents the heat contained in the drilling fluid entering the wellhead and the heat contained in the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead in unit time, and t is time.
Step 2, establishing a calculation model of the bottom hole temperature
The law of conservation of energy is the theoretical basis for making downhole temperature calculations. Under the law of conservation of energy, how to simplify the calculation model of the bottom hole temperature is the key to the calculation of the bottom hole temperature.
FIG. 1 is a model of drilling fluid circulation during drilling and hot reservoir water burst during drilling. The drilling fluid enters the drill rod from the wellhead, moves downwards along the drill rod, and moves upwards from the peripheral annular space of the drill rod after reaching the bottom of the well. In the process, if the drill meets a hot reservoir, high-temperature geothermal fluid in the hot reservoir also enters the annular space, is mixed with drilling fluid and rises together with the drilling fluid and flows out of a wellhead. In this process, on the one hand, the drilling fluid is in contact with the surrounding formation in the annulus, which results in temperature transfer and energy exchange; on the other hand, high-temperature geothermal fluid overflowing from a reservoir meeting heat enters the drilling fluid, so that the temperature of the drilling fluid is increased, and the flow of the drilling fluid at an outlet of a wellhead is increased.
In the process of establishing the model, heat exchange with surrounding strata in the circulation process of the drilling fluid is not considered for the moment for convenient calculation. Although the final calculation result is influenced, the influence is negligible according to the actual situation of a high-temperature geothermal field in Tibet. The reason is as follows: firstly, as the space of the annular space in the well is small, the drilling fluid can pass through the annular space quickly under the condition of large flow, the contact time between the stratum and the drilling fluid is short, and the heat exchange is small; secondly, after the drill is subjected to heat storage, the temperature difference between the mixed temperature of the drilling fluid and the geothermal fluid and the formation temperature is not large, and the heat exchange is limited; thirdly, because of corresponding high-temperature bedrock fracture-type heat storage, a deep fracture system is complex, and an accurate mathematical model is difficult to establish to describe the formation temperature.
Therefore, when the calculation model is adopted, only the heat contained in the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead in unit time and the heat contained in the drilling fluid entering the wellhead in unit time are considered, and the difference value delta Q between the two is the heat contained in the geothermal fluid overflowing when the reservoir meeting heat is drilled.
Step 3, establishing a calculation formula of the bottom hole heat storage temperature
Step 3.1, preliminarily establishing a calculation formula of the bottom hole heat storage temperature
The heat Qi of the drilling fluid entering the wellhead every minute is 1 XTi×Vi×Ci×ρi×t
Heat Q of drilling fluid flowing out of well head per minuteo＝1×To×Vo×Co×ρo×t
Heat quantity delta Q ═ Q contained in geothermal fluid gushed from well drilling per minuteo-Qi
The calculation formula of the heat storage temperature of the borehole in the well is Th＝△Q/{(Vo-Vi)Ch×ρh×t}
Th＝{(To×Vo×Co×ρo×t)-(Ti×Vi×Ci×ρi×t)}/{(Vo-Vi)Ch
×ρh×t}＝{(To×Vo×Co×ρo)-(Ti×Vi×Ci×ρi)}/{(Vo-Vi)Ch×ρh}
Step 3.2, establishing a simplified calculation formula of the bottom hole heat storage temperature
Specific heat capacity: in the case that the drilling fluid is water, although the specific heat capacities of water at different temperatures are different, the specific heat capacities of water are different by only 0.5% from 10 ℃ to 70 ℃, namely, the calculation result is not greatly influenced in the case of adopting the same specific heat capacity. Therefore, to simplify the calculation, Co、CiAnd ChAll-in-one CiInstead.
Density: similarly, where the drilling fluid is water, the density of the water at different temperatures is also different. However, from 10 ℃ to 70 ℃, the densities of water differ by about 2%. Thus, to simplify the calculation, the density ρ of the drilling fluido、ρiAnd ρhUnified user rhoiInstead.
Thus, the above formula can be simplified to Th＝(To×Vo)-(Ti×Vi)}/(Vo-Vi)。
Step 4, calculating the bottom hole heat storage temperature
Taking a certain high-temperature geothermal field in Tibet as an example, clear water is adopted for drilling in the drilling process. When the drill reaches a certain depth, the temperature of the wellhead is obviously increased, and the flow of the wellhead is rapidly increased, which indicates that a thermal reservoir with higher temperature is possibly drilled. At the moment, the temperature of the drilling fluid at the entrance of the wellhead is 34.5 ℃, and the flow rate is 1.81 cubic meters per minute; the temperature of the drilling fluid at the outlet of the wellhead was 65.1 ℃ and the flow rate was 2.62 cubic meters per minute. Substituting the data into a calculation formula, and obtaining that the temperature of the drilled reservoir which is exposed to heat is 133.5 ℃.
Step 5, verifying the accuracy of the calculation result
After the above calculation formula is established, the accuracy of the formula needs to be determined by combining the things. After the periodic drilling is completed, according to the geothermal exploration specification, after the drilling is stopped for 24 hours, the temperature of the geothermal drilling well is measured, and the well temperature at the depth is 139.9 ℃. The difference between the temperature measurement result and the calculation result is 6.4 ℃. The calculation result is shown to be within an acceptable range with little difference from the actual condition.
Therefore, the method can estimate the heat storage temperature of the drill in the drilling process under the condition of less parameters, and has small error and is within an acceptable range.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows: law of conservation of energy. Typically, during drilling, the drilling fluid outlet temperature at the wellhead is higher than the drilling fluid inlet temperature at the wellhead. The temperature difference between them is generally not large on the premise that the well depth is not large. The wellhead outlet drilling fluid contains a higher heat than the inlet drilling fluid, and these differences in heat are primarily obtained from downhole by heat transfer during circulation of the drilling fluid. For high-temperature geothermal drilling, if deep drilling encounters high-temperature geothermal fluid, the geothermal fluid mainly contributes to the temperature rise of wellhead drilling fluid. The temperature of a deep drill in a reservoir meeting heat can be reversely deduced by simply measuring the temperature, density and flow of drilling fluid at an inlet and an outlet of a wellhead.
The above invention uses the following preconditions:
(1) this is possible under conditions where the well depth is relatively shallow, the borehole diameter is not large, and the drilling fluid flow rate is fast (high pump rate). When the well depth is deep, the drilling hole diameter is large, and the flow velocity of the drilling fluid is low, the drilling fluid stays in the well for a long time, at the moment, the heat between the drilling fluid and the stratum is greatly exchanged, at the moment, the heat is not consistent with a calculation model provided by the method, and the error of a calculation result is large by using the formula.
(2) The method is mainly carried out aiming at the condition that the drilling fluid is clear water when the formula is simplified. If the drilling fluid is a high density mud, then no simplification can be made when using this equation. At the same time, the density of the inlet and outlet slurries is monitored in real time.
The method has less required data, can utilize a small amount of data obtained in the drilling process to calculate the temperature of the reservoir layer which is drilled with heat in real time, enables site construction and technicians to quickly know and master the temperature condition of the reservoir layer which is drilled with heat, actively takes reasonable measures, and has the effects of ensuring the construction safety and improving the subsequent working efficiency.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The prior art can be adopted in the content which is not described in detail in the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A real-time calculation method for the heat storage temperature of a drill in the drilling process of a high-temperature geothermal field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting necessary data in the drilling process;
step 2, establishing a calculation model of the bottom hole temperature;
step 3, establishing a calculation formula of the bottom hole heat storage temperature;
step 4, calculating the bottom heat storage temperature;
and 5, verifying the accuracy of the calculation result.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the necessary data in step 1 includes: t isi、To、Th、Ci、Co、Ch、Vi、Vo、ρi、ρo、ρh、Qo、QiT, wherein Ti、To、ThRespectively representing the temperature of the drilling fluid entering the wellhead, the temperature of the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead and the heat storage temperature of the reservoir subjected to heat drilling; ci、Co、ChSpecific heat capacity of drilling fluid entering wellhead, specific heat capacity of drilling fluid flowing out of wellhead, and drilling reservoir exposed to heatHot fluid specific heat capacity of (1); vi、VoRespectively representing the flow of the drilling fluid entering the wellhead and the flow of the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead; rhoi、ρo、ρhRespectively representing the density of drilling fluid entering a wellhead, the density of drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead and the density of hot fluid in a reservoir exposed to heat; qo、QiRespectively represents the heat contained in the drilling fluid entering the wellhead and the heat contained in the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead in unit time, and t is time.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the model for calculating the bottom hole temperature in step 2 is: the drilling fluid enters the drill rod from the wellhead, moves downwards along the drill rod, and moves upwards from the peripheral annular space of the drill rod after reaching the bottom of the well.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the calculation model of the bottom hole temperature in step 2 is used to calculate the heat of the geothermal fluid overflowing during drilling the hot reservoir as follows: the difference value delta Q between the heat contained in the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead in unit time and the heat contained in the drilling fluid entering the wellhead in unit time.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 3 comprises:
3.1, preliminarily establishing a calculation formula of the bottom hole heat storage temperature;
and 3.2, establishing a simplified calculation formula of the bottom heat storage temperature.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the calculation formula of the bottom hole heat storage temperature preliminarily established in step 3.1 is as follows:
Th＝{(To×Vo×Co×ρo)-(Ti×Vi×Ci×ρi)}/{(Vo-Vi)Ch×ρh}。
7. the method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the simplified calculation formula of the thermal storage temperature at the bottom of the well established in step 3.2 is:
Th＝(To×Vo)-(Ti×Vi)}/(Vo-Vi)。
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