CN114370267B - Real-time calculation method for drilling heat storage temperature in high-temperature geothermal field drilling process - Google Patents

Real-time calculation method for drilling heat storage temperature in high-temperature geothermal field drilling process Download PDF

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CN114370267B
CN114370267B CN202111554225.8A CN202111554225A CN114370267B CN 114370267 B CN114370267 B CN 114370267B CN 202111554225 A CN202111554225 A CN 202111554225A CN 114370267 B CN114370267 B CN 114370267B
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temperature
drilling
wellhead
drilling fluid
well
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CN114370267A (en
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张松
万汉平
郝伟林
孙国强
蒋执俊
李斌
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Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
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Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/06Measuring temperature or pressure
    • E21B47/07Temperature
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/08Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00Survey of boreholes or wells
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24TGEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00Geothermal collectors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10Geothermal energy

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of geothermal resource exploration, and particularly discloses a real-time calculation method of a drilling heat storage temperature in a high-temperature geothermal field drilling process, which comprises the following steps: step 1, collecting necessary data in the drilling process; step 2, establishing a calculation model of the bottom hole temperature; step 3, establishing a calculation formula of the thermal storage temperature at the bottom of the well; step 4, calculating the heat storage temperature at the bottom of the well; and 5, verifying the accuracy of the calculation result. The method has less required data, can calculate the temperature of the thermal storage of the drill in the drilling process of the high-temperature geothermal field in real time, and can ensure the site constructor to quickly and timely know the temperature of the thermal storage of the drill by measuring the temperature, flow and density of the well drilling fluid under the condition of lacking geophysical well logging (temperature measurement) and detailed parameters thereof, so that the thermal storage of the drill is prevented in advance, and the drilling construction safety is ensured; meanwhile, the method also provides basis for geological technicians to deploy subsequent drilling work and adjust drilling design schemes at any time.

Description

Real-time calculation method for drilling heat storage temperature in high-temperature geothermal field drilling process
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geothermal resource exploration, and particularly relates to a real-time calculation method for a drilling heat storage temperature in a high-temperature geothermal field drilling process.
Background
The thermal storage temperature is the most important index parameter for evaluating geothermal resources. In the geothermal drilling process, how to perform the temperature of the drilling thermal storage is an important task in judging the geothermal exploration process. Especially for high-temperature geothermal fields, the method has important significance for understanding the heat storage characteristics of geothermal Tian De and has important significance for well drilling construction safety and well drilling subsequent work deployment.
In the prior art, the thermal storage temperature is judged mainly by geophysical well logging (temperature measurement) and geochemical geothermal temperature scale.
Geophysical well logging (thermometry) is mainly performed by lowering a temperature measuring device near the bottom of the well to measure the temperature in the well. According to geothermal exploration standards, the drilling stopping time before temperature measurement is not less than 24 hours, and the drilling stopping time of the severe loss well Duan Cewen should be prolonged properly. This approach typically requires stopping drilling, lifting the drill pipe, and then stopping drilling for 24 hours before performing the temperature measurement, which requires a long time and consumes a lot of manpower, material resources, and financial resources.
Geochemical temperature scaling is a method of calculating the underground heat storage temperature using chemical composition or concentration ratios of underground hot water. The basis for this is that the geothermal fluid and the minerals reach a chemical equilibrium at a certain temperature, which equilibrium is maintained when the geothermal fluid temperature is subsequently lowered. Common geochemical thermal marks are a silica geothermal thermal mark, a potassium-magnesium geothermal thermal mark, a potassium-sodium geothermal mark and the like. The method mainly acquires the geothermal fluid, and acquires the contents of different elements or ions in the geothermal fluid by utilizing a chemical analysis mode, so as to reversely push the heat storage temperature. This approach requires that the collected sample be sent to a laboratory for analysis, typically over a period of more than one month. And is limited by the sample collection part, and the analysis result and the actual heat storage temperature often have a certain difference.
In addition, the former established a semi-dynamic heat transfer model of the temperature in the wellbore. Other students have developed studies on wellbore annulus formation dynamic mathematical models and numerical solutions. However, these methods have complicated solving processes, and particularly when parameters of mud (drilling fluid) change, calculation of temperature distribution in a wellbore is complicated, and difficulty in utilization in a construction site is high.
Therefore, in the prior art, the temperature of the heat storage of the drill in the drilling process is judged, or the required time is long, a great amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are consumed, and the purposes of analyzing the temperature of the heat storage of the drill in real time, ensuring the construction safety and subsequent work deployment are difficult to achieve; or more required data parameters are difficult to acquire in real time, the calculation process is complex, and the field technology and constructors are difficult to master; the temperature of the heat storage of the drill during the drilling process cannot be judged in real time.
Therefore, development of a method for calculating the heat storage temperature of the drill in the drilling process of the high-temperature geothermal field in real time is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a real-time calculation method for the drilling heat storage temperature in the high-temperature geothermal field drilling process, which has less required data, can calculate the drilling heat storage temperature in the high-temperature geothermal field drilling process in real time, and can ensure the safety of drilling construction by measuring the temperature, flow and density of well drilling fluid at a well head under the condition of lacking geophysical well logging (temperature measurement) and detailed parameters thereof, so that on-site constructors can quickly and timely know the temperature of the drilling heat storage layer, prevent the drilling heat storage in advance and ensure the safety of drilling construction; meanwhile, the method also provides basis for geological technicians to deploy subsequent drilling work and adjust drilling design schemes at any time.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention comprises the following steps:
a real-time calculation method for drilling heat storage temperature in a high-temperature geothermal field drilling process, comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting necessary data in the drilling process;
step 2, establishing a calculation model of the bottom hole temperature;
step 3, establishing a calculation formula of the thermal storage temperature at the bottom of the well;
step 4, calculating the heat storage temperature at the bottom of the well;
and 5, verifying the accuracy of the calculation result.
The necessary data in the step 1 include: t (T) i 、T o 、T h 、C i 、C o 、C h 、V i 、V o 、ρ i 、ρ o 、ρ h 、Q o 、Q i T, where T i 、T o 、T h Representing the temperature of the drilling fluid entering the wellhead, the temperature of the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead and the thermal storage temperature of a thermal reservoir when the well is in contact with the thermal reservoir respectively; c (C) i 、C o 、C h The specific heat capacity of drilling fluid entering the wellhead, the specific heat capacity of drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead and the specific heat capacity of hot fluid in a thermal reservoir; v (V) i 、V o Representing the flow of drilling fluid entering the wellhead and the flow of drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead respectively; ρ i 、ρ o 、ρ h Representing the density of drilling fluid entering a wellhead, the density of drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead and the density of hot fluid in a thermal reservoir; q (Q) o 、Q i The heat quantity of the drilling fluid entering the wellhead and the heat quantity of the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead in unit time are represented respectively, and t is time.
The calculation model of the bottom hole temperature in the step 2 is as follows: drilling fluid enters the drill rod from the wellhead, moves downwards along the drill rod, and moves upwards from the surrounding ring of the drill rod after reaching the bottom of the well.
According to the calculation model of the bottom hole temperature in the step 2, the heat contained by the geothermal fluid overflowed when the thermal reservoir is drilled is as follows: the difference DeltaQ between the heat contained in the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead in unit time and the heat contained in the drilling fluid entering the wellhead in unit time.
The step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, initially establishing a calculation formula of the thermal storage temperature at the bottom of the well;
and 3.2, establishing a simplified calculation formula of the thermal storage temperature at the bottom of the well.
The calculation formula of the heat storage temperature of the bottom hole preliminarily established in the step 3.1 is as follows:
T h ={(T o ×V o ×C o ×ρ o )-(T i ×V i ×C i ×ρ i )}/{(V o -V i )C h ×ρ h }。
the simplified calculation formula of the bottom hole thermal storage temperature established in the step 3.2 is as follows:
T h =(T o ×V o )-(T i ×V i )}/(V o -V i )。
the beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the real-time calculation method for the drilling heat storage temperature in the high-temperature geothermal field provided by the invention has less required data. The method effectively avoids the problem that in the prior art, temperature measuring equipment is usually required to be placed down to the bottom of a well to measure the temperature in a shaft when the thermal storage temperature of the thermal storage layer at the bottom of the well is obtained; or collecting a water sample of a thermal reservoir at the bottom of the well through an open flow test, and performing geochemical analysis to obtain necessary calculation data; and the defects of more manpower, material resources and financial resources are needed.
2. The real-time calculation method for the drilling heat storage temperature in the high-temperature geothermal field drilling process provided by the invention has real-time performance for judging the position of the heat storage layer, and has greater significance for drilling construction safety and subsequent work deployment guidance. The defects that in the prior art, the time for acquiring data is long when the temperature in the well is measured and the geochemical temperature scale is adopted to calculate the heat storage temperature, and the temperature in the well does not have the capability of real-time observation are effectively overcome.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a water-flushing model after a geothermal well is drilled and a thermal reservoir is heated in a real-time calculation method of a drilling and thermal reservoir temperature in a high-temperature geothermal field drilling process.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The invention provides a real-time calculation method for the heat storage temperature of a drill in the drilling process of a high-temperature geothermal field, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting necessary data in the drilling process
In the implementation of a borehole, it is necessary to obtain the necessary data during drilling. These data mainly include T i 、T o 、T h 、C i 、C o 、C h 、V i 、V o 、ρ i 、ρ o 、ρ h 、Q o 、Q i T, etc.
T i 、T o 、T h Representing the temperature of the drilling fluid entering the wellhead, the temperature of the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead and the thermal storage temperature of a thermal reservoir when the well is in contact with the thermal reservoir respectively; c (C) i 、C o 、C h The specific heat capacity of drilling fluid entering the wellhead, the specific heat capacity of drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead and the specific heat capacity of hot fluid in a thermal reservoir; v (V) i 、V o Representing the flow of drilling fluid entering the wellhead and the flow of drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead respectively; ρ i 、ρ o 、ρ h Respectively represent entry intoThe density of drilling fluid at the wellhead, the density of drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead, and the density of hot fluid in a thermal reservoir; q (Q) o 、Q i The heat quantity of the drilling fluid entering the wellhead and the heat quantity of the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead in unit time are represented respectively, and t is time.
Step 2, establishing a calculation model of the bottom hole temperature
The law of conservation of energy is the theoretical basis for performing the calculation of the bottom hole temperature. How to simplify the calculation model of the bottom hole temperature is a key to the bottom hole temperature calculation under the law of conservation of energy.
FIG. 1 is a model of drilling fluid circulation during drilling and thermal reservoir water kick during thermal storage during drilling. Drilling fluid enters the drill rod from the wellhead, moves downwards along the drill rod, and moves upwards from the surrounding ring of the drill rod after reaching the bottom of the well. In the process, if the thermal reservoir is drilled, high-temperature geothermal fluid in the thermal reservoir can enter the annular space, be mixed with drilling fluid, rise together and flow out of the wellhead. In this process, on the one hand, the drilling fluid contacts the surrounding formation in the annulus, which results in temperature transfer and energy exchange; on the other hand, the high-temperature geothermal fluid overflowed from the thermal reservoir enters the drilling fluid, so that not only is the temperature of the drilling fluid increased, but also the flow of the drilling fluid at the outlet of the wellhead is increased.
In the process of establishing the model, heat exchange with surrounding stratum in the drilling fluid circulation process is temporarily not considered for the convenience of calculation. Although the final calculation result is affected, the effect is negligible according to the actual situation of a certain high-temperature geothermal field of the Tibet. The reasons are as follows: firstly, because the annular space in the well is smaller, under the condition of larger flow, the drilling fluid can quickly pass through the annular space, the contact time between the stratum and the drilling fluid is shorter, and the heat exchanged is smaller; secondly, after the drilling fluid is stored when meeting heat, the temperature difference between the drilling fluid and the geothermal fluid after being mixed is not large, and the heat exchange is limited; thirdly, because of corresponding high Wen Jiyan crack type heat storage, a deep fracture system is complex, and an accurate mathematical model is difficult to build to describe the formation temperature.
Therefore, when the calculation model is adopted, only the heat contained in the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead in unit time and the heat contained in the drilling fluid entering the wellhead in unit time are considered, and the difference DeltaQ between the heat contained in the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead in unit time and the heat contained in the geothermal fluid flowing out of the wellhead in unit time is the heat contained in the geothermal fluid when the thermal reservoir is drilled.
Step 3, establishing a calculation formula of the thermal storage temperature at the bottom of the well
Step 3.1, initially establishing a calculation formula of the thermal storage temperature at the bottom of the well
Heat qi=1×t of drilling fluid entering wellhead per minute i ×V i ×C i ×ρ i ×t
Heat Q of drilling fluid flowing out of wellhead per minute o =1×T o ×V o ×C o ×ρ o ×t
Heat Δq=q contained in geothermal fluid flushed in a well per minute o -Q i
The calculation formula of the heat storage temperature of the well drill is T h =△Q/{(V o -V i )C h ×ρ h ×t}
T h ={(T o ×V o ×C o ×ρ o ×t)-(T i ×V i ×C i ×ρ i ×t)}/{(V o -V i )C h
×ρ h ×t}={(T o ×V o ×C o ×ρ o )-(T i ×V i ×C i ×ρ i )}/{(V o -V i )C h ×ρ h }
Step 3.2, establishing a simplified calculation formula of the thermal storage temperature at the bottom of the well
Specific heat capacity: in the case of drilling fluid being water, the specific heat capacities of water differ only by 0.5% from 10 ℃ to 70 ℃ although at different temperatures, that is, the same specific heat capacity is used, which has little effect on the calculation results. Therefore, to simplify the calculation, C o 、C i And C h Unified C i Instead of.
Density: also, in the case where the drilling fluid is water, the density of the water at different temperatures is also different. However, from 10℃toThe densities of water differ by about 2% at 70 ℃. Thus, to simplify the calculation, the density ρ of the drilling fluid o 、ρ i And ρ h Unified p i Instead of.
Thus, the above formula can be reduced to T h =(T o ×V o )-(T i ×V i )}/(V o -V i )。
Step 4, calculating the heat storage temperature at the bottom of the well
Taking a certain high-temperature geothermal field of Tibet as an example, clear water is adopted for drilling in the drilling process. When drilling to a certain depth, the temperature of the wellhead is obviously increased, and the wellhead flow is rapidly increased, so that a thermal reservoir with higher temperature can be drilled. At the moment, the temperature of drilling fluid at the inlet of the wellhead is 34.5 ℃ and the flow is 1.81 cubic meters per minute; the temperature of the drilling fluid at the outlet of the wellhead is 65.1 ℃ and the flow rate is 2.62 cubic meters per minute. Substituting the data into a calculation formula to obtain the temperature of the drilling thermal reservoir at 133.5 ℃.
Step 5, verifying the accuracy of the calculation result
After the calculation formula is established, the accuracy of the formula needs to be subjected to rock by combining the situations of things. After completing the staged drilling, the temperature measurement was performed on the geothermal well after stopping drilling for 24 hours according to geothermal survey specifications, and the well temperature at this depth was 139.9 ℃. The temperature measurement result and the calculation result differ by 6.4 ℃. The calculation result is not quite different from the actual situation and is within an acceptable range.
Therefore, under the condition of less parameters, the method can estimate the heat storage temperature of the drill in the drilling process, and the error is not large and is within an acceptable range.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows: law of conservation of energy. Typically, during drilling, the temperature of the well head drilling fluid outlet is higher than the well head drilling fluid inlet. On the premise of not great well depths, the temperature difference between them is generally not great. The wellhead outlet drilling fluid contains higher heat than the inlet drilling fluid, and these differences in heat are mainly obtained by thermal conduction downhole during circulation of the drilling fluid. For high-temperature geothermal drilling, if deep drilling meets high-temperature geothermal fluid, the geothermal fluid mainly contributes to the temperature rise of wellhead drilling fluid. The temperature of the deep drilling thermal reservoir can be reversely pushed through simple measurement of the temperature, density and flow of the drilling fluid at the inlet and the outlet of the wellhead.
The above invention uses the following preconditions:
(1) This is possible under conditions where the well depth is relatively shallow, the borehole diameter is not large, and the drilling fluid flow rate is fast (pump volume is large). When the well depth is deep, the drilling diameter and the flow rate of drilling fluid are slow, the stay time process of the drilling fluid in the well can be caused, at the moment, the heat between the drilling fluid and the stratum is exchanged greatly, at the moment, the calculation model is not matched with the calculation model provided by the method, and the calculation result error is larger by using the formula.
(2) When the method is used for formula simplification, the method is mainly used for the condition that the drilling fluid is clean water. If the drilling fluid is a high density mud, no simplification can be made when using this formula. At the same time, the density of the inlet slurry and the outlet slurry is monitored in real time.
The invention has less required data, can utilize a small amount of data obtained in the drilling process to calculate the temperature of the drilling thermal reservoir in real time, so that on-site construction and technicians can quickly know and master the condition of the drilling thermal reservoir, and actively take reasonable countermeasures, thereby playing the roles of ensuring construction safety and improving subsequent working efficiency.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.

Claims (2)

1. The real-time calculation method for the drilling heat storage temperature in the drilling process of the high-temperature geothermal field is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, collecting necessary data in the drilling process;
step 2, establishing a calculation model of the bottom hole temperature;
step 3, establishing a calculation formula of the thermal storage temperature at the bottom of the well;
step 4, calculating the heat storage temperature at the bottom of the well;
step 5, verifying the accuracy of the calculation result;
the necessary data in the step 1 include: t (T) i 、T o 、T h 、C i 、C o 、C h 、V i 、V o 、ρ i 、ρ o 、ρ h 、Q o 、Q i T, where T i 、T o 、T h Representing the temperature of the drilling fluid entering the wellhead, the temperature of the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead and the thermal storage temperature of a thermal reservoir when the well is in contact with the thermal reservoir respectively; c (C) i 、C o 、C h The specific heat capacity of drilling fluid entering the wellhead, the specific heat capacity of drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead and the specific heat capacity of hot fluid in a thermal reservoir; v (V) i 、V o Representing the flow of drilling fluid entering the wellhead and the flow of drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead respectively; ρ i 、ρ o 、ρ h Representing the density of drilling fluid entering a wellhead, the density of drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead and the density of hot fluid in a thermal reservoir; q (Q) o 、Q i Respectively representing the heat contained in the drilling fluid entering the wellhead and the heat contained in the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead in unit time, wherein t is time;
according to the calculation model of the bottom hole temperature in the step 2, the heat contained by the geothermal fluid overflowed when the thermal reservoir is drilled is as follows: the difference delta Q between the heat contained in the drilling fluid flowing out of the wellhead in unit time and the heat contained in the drilling fluid entering the wellhead in unit time;
the step 3 comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, initially establishing a calculation formula of the thermal storage temperature at the bottom of the well;
step 3.2, establishing a simplified calculation formula of the thermal storage temperature at the bottom of the well;
the calculation formula of the heat storage temperature of the bottom hole preliminarily established in the step 3.1 is as follows:
T h ={(T o ×V o ×C o ×ρ o )-(T i ×V i ×C i ×ρ i )}/{(V o - V i )C h ×ρ h };
the simplified calculation formula of the bottom hole thermal storage temperature established in the step 3.2 is as follows: when the drilling fluid is clear water, T h =(T o ×V o )-(T i ×V i )}/(V o - V i )。
2. The method for calculating the temperature of the thermal storage of the drill bit in the drilling process of the high-temperature geothermal field in real time according to claim 1, wherein the calculation model of the bottom hole temperature in the step 2 is as follows: drilling fluid enters the drill rod from the wellhead, moves downwards along the drill rod, and moves upwards from the surrounding ring of the drill rod after reaching the bottom of the well.
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