CN114368209A - 一种具有夹层结构的复合薄膜及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种具有夹层结构的复合薄膜及制备方法，包括以下步骤：将两层非织造芳纶毡体之间设置三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶，压合使三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶与非织造芳纶毡体贴合，得到具有夹层结构的复合薄膜。本发明将具备一定的隔声性能的非织造芳纶毡体，与三维结构的(GO/PVA)复合气凝胶相结合，三维结构的(GO/PVA)复合气凝胶拥有微孔分层蜂窝结构，能够展现吸声效能，所以使得制备的夹层结构复合薄膜提升隔音效果的同时，具备吸声性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料领域，特别涉及一种具有夹层结构的复合薄膜及制备方法。
背景技术
噪声污染与水污染、空气污染一起被称为当代三大污染，受到了各国政府的广泛重视，是社会工业化发展中亟待解决的重要问题之一。按照对噪声的控制机理，降噪材料主要分为两大类：一类为吸声材料，即声波人射到材料后，由于摩擦和粘滞阻力，在材料内转化为热能被消耗，或是转化为振动能沿振动方向传递转移，或是直接透射到另一面，减少反射到原空间的声能，从而达到降低噪声的目的圈。另一类是隔声材料，即利用该材料阻挡声波的传播，使大部分声能反射回去，减少透射过材料的声能，使另一空间具有低噪声的环境。吸声材料多为一些膨松多孔的材料，而隔声材料则多使用致密材料。但在声源复杂或者声音传播途径复杂的情况下，为了提高降噪效果，需采用兼具良好的吸声和隔声能力的材料。
非织造毡体纤维间存在相互联通的孔隙，有利于声波进人材料内部引起孔隙间的空气振动，使一部分声能转化为热能，从而使声波衰减，达到良好的吸声效果，是一种典型的多孔吸声材料。间位芳纶，俗称芳纶，是由酞胺桥键相互连接形成的线性大分子，有较强的氢键，结构稳定，具有超高强度、高模量，并具有耐高温、密度小、阻燃等优良性能。针刺成型的非织造芳纶毡体作为降噪材料，在航天航空、建筑、国防、环保等领域得到了广泛应用。
非织造毡体虽具有良好的吸声性能，但由于孔隙众多造成结构疏松，使其隔声性能较差。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的问题，本发明的目的是提供一种具有夹层结构的复合薄膜及制备方法，该方法制备的夹层结构复合薄膜具备优异的吸声隔声性能。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种具有夹层结构的复合薄膜的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将两层非织造芳纶毡体之间设置三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶，压合使三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶与非织造芳纶毡体贴合，得到具有夹层结构的复合薄膜。
进一步的，非织造芳纶毡体上涂覆有压敏型阻尼胶粘剂。
进一步的，非织造芳纶毡体通过以下过程制得：将芳纶纤维经开松、梳理、铺网、针刺以及后处理，制得非织造芳纶毡体。
进一步的，三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶通过以下过程制得：将PVA与GO加入到水中，混合均匀，得到PVA/GO胶体溶液；将PVA/GO胶体溶液冷冻干燥，得到三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶。
进一步的，GO与PVA的质量比为30-120mg：0.1-0.4g。
进一步的，PVA与水的用量比为0.1-0.4g：10-40mL。
进一步的，冷冻干燥的时间为48-54h。
一种根据上述方法制备的具有夹层结构的复合薄膜，该具有夹层结构的复合薄膜从上向下包括贴合在一起的非织造芳纶毡体、三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶以及非织造芳纶毡体。
进一步的，该具有夹层结构的复合薄膜的吸声因数为0.89-0.97，隔声量为43-67dB。
与现有技术相比，本发明具有的有益效果：本发明中阻尼弹性材料聚乙烯醇不仅能有效反射入射声波，而且可以在声波产生的振动载荷作用下通过分子间的摩擦吸收部分声能圈，实现隔声和阻尼吸声的效应。因此聚乙烯醇与氧化石墨烯的结合，在提升材料机械性能的同时，能够更为有效地吸收和反射声波。本发明将具备一定的隔声性能的非织造芳纶毡体，与三维结构的(GO/PVA)复合气凝胶相结合，三维结构的(GO/PVA)复合气凝胶拥有微孔分层蜂窝结构，能够展现吸声效能，所以使得制备的夹层结构复合薄膜提升隔音效果的同时，具备吸声性能。
进一步的，采用冷冻干燥的方法制备三维结构氧化石墨烯/聚乙烯醇(GO/PVA)复合气凝胶，因三维氧化石墨烯的引入，复合体系拥有更多的微孔分层蜂窝结构，促进吸声效能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的制备流程示意图。
图中，1为非织造芳纶毡体，2为GO/PVA复合气凝胶，3为具有夹层结构的复合薄膜。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述，应理解本发明并不限于下述实施例，另外还需理解本领域技术人员采用其他等同方式来替代其中某些要素的内容，同样属于本申请权利要求书的限定范围。
参见图1，一种吸声隔声用的具有夹层结构的复合薄膜的制备方法为：
由芳纶纤维经开松、梳理、铺网、针刺以及后处理等工序后制得非织造芳纶毡体。其中，开松、梳理、铺网、针刺以及后处理均为常规工艺。
本发明的实施例中的氧化石墨烯GO由一种改进的Hummers法制得，具体制备方法参见文献：MARCANO D C,KOSYNKIN D V,BERLIN J M,et al.Improved Synthesis ofGraphene Oxide[J].ACS Nano,American Chemical Society,2010,4(8):4806–4814。GO表面有很多功能性官能团，如羟基、羧基、羰基，这些官能团都是亲水的，所以GO很容易在水中溶解。聚乙烯醇(PVA)是一种能够溶于水的高分子，它的分子链上有很多羟基，因此PVA在水中的溶解性也很好。将PVA与GO共同加入到水溶液中，由于PVA与GO之间的氢键作用，PVA可以和GO在水中在分子尺寸很好的共溶。
PVA/GO胶体溶液的制备方法很简单，只需称量一定量的GO(30-120mg)放在烧杯中，加入去离子水(10-40mL)，将GO溶液超声分散1小时，接着进行搅拌，待GO完全溶解后，逐渐添加进一定比例的PVA(0.1-0.4g)粉末，搅拌直到PVA也能够完全地在水溶液里溶解。将样品的胶体溶液放到冷冻干燥机中，干燥48-54小时就可以除去胶体溶液中的水，并且结冰过程中形成的微小的冰晶去除后会留下空隙，这就使得三维GO/PVA里面有大量的空隙，并且获得的三维GO/PVA材料在冷冻干燥前后大小基本不变。
由PVA/GO胶体溶液冷冻干燥制备而成三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶。
在1200型压合机上以辊涂的方式，将两层非织造芳纶毡体之间设置三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶，压合使三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶与非织造芳纶毡体贴合，得到具有夹层结构的复合薄膜。其中，非织造芳纶毡体用于与三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶贴合的表面上涂覆有压敏型阻尼胶粘剂(型号为KD-504A)。
实施例1
由芳纶纤维经开松一梳理一铺网一针刺一后处理等工序后制得非织造芳纶毡体。
将一定量的GO(60mg)放在烧杯中，加入去离子水(20mL)，将GO溶液超声分散1小时，接着进行搅拌，待GO完全溶解后，逐渐添加进一定比例的PVA(0.2g)粉末，搅拌直到PVA也能够完全地在水溶液里溶解，得到PVA/GO胶体溶液。
将PVA/GO胶体溶液放到冷冻干燥机中，干燥48小时就可以除去胶状溶液中的水，并且结冰过程中形成的微小的冰晶去除后会留下空隙，这就使得三维GO/PVA里面有大量的空隙，获得三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶，干燥后三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶的大小基本不变。
在1200型压合机上辊涂的方式，将GO/PVA复合气凝胶与内外两层涂有压敏型阻尼胶粘剂的非织造芳纶毡体贴合，制备成吸声隔声用的夹层结构复合薄膜。
当声波频率为5000Hz时，实施例1制备的具有夹层结构的复合薄膜的吸声因数可达0.94，隔声量为56dB。
实施例2
非织造芳纶毡体是由芳纶纤维经开松一梳理一铺网一针刺一后处理等工序后制得。
将一定量的GO(30mg)放在烧杯中，加入去离子水(10mL)，将GO溶液超声分散1小时，接着进行搅拌，待GO完全溶解后，逐渐添加进一定比例的PVA(0.1g)粉末，搅拌直到PVA也能够完全地在水溶液里溶解，得到PVA/GO胶体溶液。
将PVA/GO胶体溶液放到冷冻干燥机中，干燥48小时就可以除去胶状溶液中的水，并且结冰过程中形成的微小的冰晶去除后会留下空隙，这就使得三维GO/PVA里面有大量的空隙，获得三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶，干燥后三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶的大小基本不变。
在1200型压合机上辊涂的方式，将GO/PVA复合气凝胶与内外两层涂有压敏型阻尼胶粘剂的非织造芳纶毡体贴合，制备成吸声隔声用的夹层结构复合薄膜。
当声波频率为5000Hz时，实施例2制备的具有夹层结构的复合薄膜的吸声因数可达0.89，隔声量为43dB。
实施例3
非织造芳纶毡体是由芳纶纤维经开松一梳理一铺网一针刺一后处理等工序后制得。
将一定量的GO(90mg)放在烧杯中，加入去离子水(30mL)，将GO溶液超声分散1小时，接着进行搅拌，待GO完全溶解后，逐渐添加进一定比例的PVA(0.3g)粉末，搅拌直到PVA也能够完全地在水溶液里溶解，得到PVA/GO胶体溶液。
将PVA/GO胶体溶液放到冷冻干燥机中，干燥48小时就可以除去胶状溶液中的水，并且结冰过程中形成的微小的冰晶去除后会留下空隙，这就使得三维GO/PVA里面有大量的空隙，获得三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶，干燥后三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶的大小基本不变。
在1200型压合机上辊涂的方式，将GO/PVA复合气凝胶与内外两层涂有压敏型阻尼胶粘剂的非织造芳纶毡体贴合，制备成吸声隔声用的夹层结构复合薄膜。
当声波频率为5000Hz时，实施例3制备的具有夹层结构的复合薄膜的吸声因数可达0.95，隔声量为61dB。
实施例4
非织造芳纶毡体是由芳纶纤维经开松一梳理一铺网一针刺一后处理等工序后制得。
将一定量的GO(120mg)放在烧杯中，加入去离子水(40mL)，将GO溶液超声分散1小时，接着进行搅拌，待GO完全溶解后，逐渐添加进一定比例的PVA(0.4g)粉末，搅拌直到PVA也能够完全地在水溶液里溶解，得到PVA/GO胶体溶液。
将PVA/GO胶体溶液放到冷冻干燥机中，干燥54小时就可以除去胶状溶液中的水，并且结冰过程中形成的微小的冰晶去除后会留下空隙，这就使得三维GO/PVA里面有大量的空隙，获得三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶，干燥前后三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶的大小基本不变。
在1200型压合机上辊涂的方式，将GO/PVA复合气凝胶与内外两层涂有压敏型阻尼胶粘剂的非织造芳纶毡体贴合，制备成吸声隔声用的夹层结构复合薄膜。
当声波频率为5000Hz时，实施例4制备的具有夹层结构的复合薄膜的吸声因数可达0.97，隔声量为67dB。
Claims (9)
1.一种具有夹层结构的复合薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
将两层非织造芳纶毡体之间设置三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶，压合使三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶与非织造芳纶毡体贴合，得到具有夹层结构的复合薄膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有夹层结构的复合薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于，非织造芳纶毡体上涂覆有阻尼胶粘剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有夹层结构的复合薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于，非织造芳纶毡体通过以下过程制得：将芳纶纤维经开松、梳理、铺网、针刺以及后处理，制得非织造芳纶毡体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有夹层结构的复合薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于，三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶通过以下过程制得：将PVA与GO加入到水中，混合均匀，得到PVA/GO胶体溶液；将PVA/GO胶体溶液冷冻干燥，得到三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种具有夹层结构的复合薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于，GO与PVA的质量比为30-120mg：0.1-0.4g。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种具有夹层结构的复合薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于，PVA与水的用量比为0.1-0.4g：10-40mL。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种具有夹层结构的复合薄膜的制备方法，其特征在于，冷冻干燥的时间为48-54h。
8.一种根据权利要求1-7中任意一项所述方法制备的具有夹层结构的复合薄膜，其特征在于，该具有夹层结构的复合薄膜从上向下包括贴合在一起的非织造芳纶毡体、三维GO/PVA复合气凝胶以及非织造芳纶毡体。
9.根据权利要求8所述的具有夹层结构的复合薄膜，其特征在于，该具有夹层结构的复合薄膜的吸声因数为0.89-0.97，隔声量为43-67dB。
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