CN114361769A - Array antenna with non-periodic arrangement - Google Patents
Array antenna with non-periodic arrangement Download PDFInfo
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- CN114361769A CN114361769A CN202210004739.4A CN202210004739A CN114361769A CN 114361769 A CN114361769 A CN 114361769A CN 202210004739 A CN202210004739 A CN 202210004739A CN 114361769 A CN114361769 A CN 114361769A
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- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009828 non-uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-periodically arranged array antenna, which comprises: the feed network comprises a first radiation assembly, a second radiation assembly and a feed network; the first radiation component adopts a 4-unit slot antenna form, the second radiation component adopts a 2-unit slot antenna form, and the array antenna radiation component consists of 17 first radiation components and 15 second radiation components; the feed network is formed by cascading a T-shaped junction power divider and a branch line coupler, the branch line coupler is adopted when the power dividing ratio is larger than 3dB, and the T-shaped junction power divider is adopted when the power divider is smaller than 3 dB. The non-periodic array antenna adopts two forms of radiation components which are alternately distributed, destroys a periodic structure and improves the quantized lobe characteristic, and meanwhile, the power synthesis/distribution with a large power division ratio in a feed network adopts a branch line coupler structure, improves the fluctuation characteristic of the power division ratio in a band and realizes the low side lobe performance in a wider band.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of array antennas, in particular to a non-periodically arranged array antenna.
Background
In recent years, with the development of modern radar communication and electronic countermeasure technology, many military and civil sectors have made increasingly stringent requirements for antennas, including: high gain, low side lobe, wide band, low loss, simple structure and convenient engineering design.
High gain antennas are usually implemented in an array form, and how to feed a large array becomes an important issue in antenna design.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the non-periodic array antenna, adopts the non-uniform distribution of two different forms of radiation components, reduces the influence of quantization lobes, and simultaneously introduces the branch line coupler to realize the function of large power division ratio in the feed network.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the present invention provides a novel broadband array antenna, comprising: the antenna comprises a first radiation assembly, a second radiation assembly and a feed network, wherein the first radiation assembly adopts a 4-unit slot antenna mode, and the distribution number in the whole array is 17; the second radiation component adopts a 2-unit slot antenna mode, and the distribution number in the whole array is 15; the feeder network is total for 5 layers, 16 power dividers on the 1 st layer, 8 power dividers on the 2 nd layer, 4 power dividers on the 3 rd layer, 2 power dividers on the 4 th layer and 1 power divider on the 5 th layer, the power dividers in each layer are mutually independent, and the power dividing ports of the power dividers on the next layer are connected with the total ports of the power dividers on the previous layer.
Preferably, the first radiation assembly adopts a standing wave array form with 4 units of slot antennas as center feed, and the 4 units are distributed in equal amplitude and in phase.
Preferably, the first radiation assembly adopts a standing wave array form with 2 units of slot antennas as center feed, and 2 units of the standing wave array form are distributed in a constant amplitude and in phase.
Preferably, the power distribution network implements power distribution, and performs excitation feeding on 17 first radiating elements and 15 second radiating elements.
Preferably, the energy of the first radiation component and the energy of the second radiation component are spatially combined to form a final directional diagram.
Preferably, the feed network is configured to implement energy distribution, calculate and obtain port excitation energy of each radiation assembly according to a side lobe requirement, and distribute/combine in each layer in a pairwise manner.
Preferably, a group of two-by-two 4-port network adopts a branch line coupler form when the distribution/synthesis ratio is greater than 3dB, and adopts a T-shaped junction form when the distribution/synthesis ratio is less than 3 dB;
preferably, the 4 ports of the branch line coupler are input ports, straight ports, coupling ports and isolation ports, the input ports are defined as the main ports of the stage, the straight ports and the coupling ports are branch ports, and the isolation ports are connected with the absorption loads.
Preferably, the T-junction type 3-port network uses T-junctions with different power distribution ratios according to a power distribution table.
Preferably, the branch line coupler uses branch line couplers with different power distribution ratios according to the power distribution table, and the different power distribution ratios are realized by adjusting the line widths of the branch lines.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the non-periodically arranged array antenna provided by the invention adopts the non-uniform distribution of two radiation components, destroys the periodic structure and reduces the quantization lobe;
(2) a network form of combining two by two is adopted, and the network level is small;
(3) the branch line coupler is adopted to realize large power division ratio and improve the flatness in the band;
of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Drawings
Embodiments of the invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a topological diagram of an array antenna with non-periodic arrangement according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a power distribution table of the feeding network of the non-periodically arranged array antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first radiation assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a second radiation assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a T-junction structure diagram in the power of the feed network of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a feeder network power splitter coupler structure of the present invention;
FIG. 7a is a first curve of 1dB power division ratio T-shaped junction amplitude phase simulation according to the present invention;
FIG. 7b is a second curve of 1dB power division ratio T-shaped junction amplitude-phase simulation according to the present invention
Fig. 8a is a first curve of amplitude-phase simulation of an 8.37dB power division ratio branch coupler according to the present invention;
FIG. 8b is a second curve of the amplitude-phase simulation of the 8.37dB power division ratio branch coupler according to the present invention
Fig. 9 is a graph of the pattern of the non-periodically arranged array antenna of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The aperiodic array antenna of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1-8, and fig. 1 shows a topological diagram thereof, which includes: a first radiation component, a second radiation component and a feed network, the present embodiment is an array antenna with a sidelobe level of 38dB composed of 92 radiation units, and operates in a frequency band from 9GHz to 9.6GHz, wherein:
the first radiation assembly adopts a 4-unit slot antenna mode, and the distribution number in the whole array is 17; the second radiation component adopts a 2-unit slot antenna mode, and the distribution number in the whole array is 15; the feeder network is total for 5 layers, 16 power dividers on the 1 st layer, 8 power dividers on the 2 nd layer, 4 power dividers on the 3 rd layer, 2 power dividers on the 4 th layer and 1 power divider on the 5 th layer, the power dividers in each layer are mutually independent, and the power dividing ports of the power dividers on the next layer are connected with the total ports of the power dividers on the previous layer.
The power and phase distribution of the power distribution network is reasonably designed to meet various established antenna directional diagram requirements. For the array antenna with more units, the network levels are more, and when the side lobe is low, a large power division ratio device exists, the network levels can be reduced through multi-unit combined feeding, and after the number of combined units reaches 4, obvious quantization lobes are generated, which cannot be tolerated by the low side lobe antenna.
As shown in fig. 2, the power distribution table of the feeding network of the non-periodically arranged array antenna is shown, where the first column is a power target value excited by ports of 17+15 radiation assemblies, the previous column of Layer1 is a composite power value of two ports of adjacent radiation assemblies, and the next column is a ratio of powers of two adjacent radiation assemblies; the former row of the Layer2 is the composite power value of two adjacent Layer1 total ports, and the latter row is the ratio of the total power values of two adjacent Layer1 total ports; the former row of the Layer3 is the composite power value of two adjacent Layer2 total ports, and the latter row is the ratio of the total power values of two adjacent Layer2 total ports; the former row of the Layer4 is the composite power value of two adjacent Layer3 total ports, and the latter row is the ratio of the total power values of two adjacent Layer3 total ports; the former column of the Layer5 is the composite power value of the two adjacent Layer4 total ports, and the latter column is the ratio of the two adjacent Layer4 total port power.
As shown in fig. 3, which is a structural model of the first radiation component, a standing wave array form with 4-element slot antennas as center feed is adopted, and 4 elements are distributed in equal amplitude and in phase.
Fig. 4 shows a structural model of the second radiation element, and a standing wave array form with 2-element slot antennas as center feed is adopted, and 2 elements are distributed in equal amplitude and in phase.
As shown in fig. 5, which is a T-junction structure diagram in the feed network power, the E-plane T-junction form is adopted, and different power division ratios of two taps are realized by adjusting the sizes of the left and right tuning blocks.
As shown in fig. 6, which is a structure diagram of a branch coupler for power feeding network power, 3 branch lines are introduced between two waveguides, and different power distribution ratio outputs of a straight port and a coupling port are realized by adjusting the widths of the branch lines.
FIGS. 7a and 7b are simulation curves of the 1dB power division ratio T-shaped junction amplitude phase of the present embodiment, wherein the abscissa represents the frequency variation in GHz; the ordinate represents the power split ratio variable in dB, and the phase congruency variable in degrees. As shown in fig. 7a and 7b, the operating band of this embodiment is 9GHz to 9.6GHz, the power distribution ratio fluctuates by less than 0.2dB in the pass band, and the phase-matching in-band fluctuation is less than 1.5 °.
Fig. 8a and 8b are amplitude-phase simulation curves of the 8.37dB power division ratio branch coupler of the present embodiment, wherein the abscissa represents the frequency variation in GHz; the ordinate represents the power split ratio variable in dB, and the phase congruency variable in degrees. As shown in fig. 8a and 8b, the operating band of this embodiment is 9GHz to 9.6GHz, the power distribution ratio fluctuates by less than 0.2dB in the pass band, and the phase-matching in-band fluctuation is less than 1.5 °.
Fig. 9 is a directional diagram of the non-periodically arranged array antenna of the present embodiment, wherein the abscissa represents the angle variable in unit °; the ordinate represents the variation of the pattern amplitude in dB. As shown in fig. 9, the side lobe level of this embodiment is 36.2dB with the center frequency point being 9.3 GHz.
The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and not to limit the invention. Any modifications and variations within the scope of the description, which may occur to those skilled in the art, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An array antenna with non-periodic arrangement, comprising: first radiating component, second radiating component and feed network, wherein:
the first radiation assembly is in a 4-unit slot antenna form, and the distribution quantity of 4-unit slot antennas in the whole 4-unit slot antenna array is 17;
the second radiation assembly adopts a 2-unit slot antenna mode, and the distribution quantity of the 2-unit slot antennas in the whole 2-unit slot antenna array is 15;
the feed network has 5 layers, 16 power dividers on the 1 st layer, 8 power dividers on the 2 nd layer, 4 power dividers on the 3 rd layer, 2 power dividers on the 4 th layer and 1 power divider on the 5 th layer, the power dividers in each layer are mutually independent, and the power dividing ports of the power dividers on the next layer are connected with the total ports of the power dividers on the previous layer.
2. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein the first radiating element is in the form of a standing wave array with a center feed of 4 element slot antennas, and 4 elements of the 4 element slot antennas are distributed in the same phase and amplitude.
3. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein the second radiating element is in the form of a standing wave array with 2 element slot antennas as center feed, and 2 elements of the 2 element slot antennas are distributed with equal amplitude and in phase.
4. The array antenna with non-periodic arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the feed network is configured to implement power distribution, and excite and feed 17 first radiation assemblies and 15 second radiation assemblies.
5. The array antenna of claim 1, wherein the energy of the first and second radiating elements is spatially combined to form a final pattern.
6. The array antenna with the non-periodic arrangement according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the feed network is used for realizing energy distribution, port excitation energy of each radiation assembly is obtained through calculation according to side lobe requirements, and distribution or synthesis is performed in each layer in a pairwise mode.
7. The array antenna of claim 6, wherein the distribution or combining ratio of the pairwise groups is a 4-port network in the form of a branch line coupler for greater than 3dB and a three-port network in the form of a T-junction for less than 3 dB.
8. The array antenna of claim 7, wherein the 4 ports of the 4-port network in the form of branch line couplers are respectively: the device comprises an input port, a straight port, a coupling port and an isolation port, wherein the input port is defined as a main port of the stage, the straight port and the coupling port are branch ports, and the isolation port is connected with an absorption load.
9. The array antenna of claim 7, wherein the T-junction type 3-port network uses T-junctions with different power splitting ratios according to a power splitting table.
10. The array antenna of claim 8, wherein the branch line couplers of different power distribution ratios are used according to the power distribution table, and the different power distribution ratios are realized by adjusting the line widths of the branch lines.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210004739.4A CN114361769A (en) | 2022-01-04 | 2022-01-04 | Array antenna with non-periodic arrangement |
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