CN114354446A - Rail vehicle window sealant selection evaluation method - Google Patents
Rail vehicle window sealant selection evaluation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114354446A CN114354446A CN202210018369.XA CN202210018369A CN114354446A CN 114354446 A CN114354446 A CN 114354446A CN 202210018369 A CN202210018369 A CN 202210018369A CN 114354446 A CN114354446 A CN 114354446A
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Abstract
The invention provides a rail vehicle window sealant model selection evaluation method, which comprises the following steps: primarily selecting the type of the adhesive, and selecting low-modulus adhesive meeting performance indexes for the adhesive; testing the bonding performance of each initially selected adhesive, coating a plurality of adhesive strips on different types of sample plates respectively by the adhesive, and sequentially carrying out normal-temperature curing, water soaking, high-temperature, high-humidity and low-temperature test environments; carrying out artificial accelerated aging performance test on each preliminarily selected adhesive, wherein the artificial accelerated aging performance test comprises at least one of an ultraviolet aging test, a high-temperature fatigue vibration test, a simulated acid rain soaking test and a high-low temperature damp-heat alternating aging test; and comparing the performance difference of the adhesives, and selecting the adhesive type with the best and most stable evaluation performance as the rail vehicle window sealant. The invention solves the problem that the sealant with good reliability suitable for the windows of the railway vehicles cannot be selected by the adhesive type selection method in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail vehicles, in particular to a rail vehicle window sealant selection evaluation method.
Background
The rail transit vehicle window sealant is subjected to comprehensive effects of various external factors such as temperature, humidity, sunlight irradiation, various stresses and the like in the service process, aging phenomena such as discoloration, cracking, edge cracking and the like can occur, the mechanical property is reduced, the service life is shortened, the vehicle appearance is influenced, certain potential safety hazards are brought to vehicle operation, and the problems are further provided for vehicle maintenance and after-sale service.
The conventional adhesive selection process only refers to performance parameters in the specification of an adhesive product, and the performance of the adhesive is judged only according to a standard test method. After the adhesive selected according to the above is applied to a vehicle, the faults of sealant cracking, water leakage and the like still occur in the actual vehicle operation process. Aging and failure of adhesives is affected by a number of factors. For example, in a high-low temperature cycle alternation test, because the thermal expansion coefficients of the adhesive and the material to be bonded are different, after multiple cold-hot alternation cycles, the bonded interface is easy to crack, thereby causing bonding failure; in an acid rain soaking resistant test, an acid solution is easy to corrode the surface of the adhesive and easy to permeate into a bonding interface to cause bonding failure; in a vibration fatigue test, the periodic stress can cause the micro defects of the adhesive to gradually develop, and after a certain time, the interface can be damaged; in the ultraviolet aging test, the continuous high-intensity ultraviolet irradiation can lead the macromolecular chains on the surface of the adhesive to break, so that the surface cracks, and the cracks can be deepened continuously to cause bonding failure gradually.
Therefore, the existing method for judging the performance of the adhesive only according to the standard test method cannot select the sealant with good reliability suitable for the windows of the railway vehicles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a rail vehicle window sealant model selection evaluation method to solve the problem that a sealant which is suitable for a rail vehicle window and has high reliability cannot be selected by an adhesive model selection method in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a rail vehicle window sealant model selection evaluation method, which comprises the following steps: primarily selecting the type of the adhesive, and selecting low-modulus adhesive meeting performance indexes for the adhesive; testing the bonding performance of each initially selected adhesive, coating a plurality of adhesive strips on different types of sample plates respectively, sequentially carrying out normal-temperature curing, water soaking, high temperature of 60-100 ℃, high temperature and high humidity of 50-90 ℃ and relative humidity higher than 90%, and low temperature testing environments of-60-20 ℃, stripping the adhesive strips after each testing environment is finished, and determining that the total cohesive failure proportion of each adhesive strip in each testing environment is greater than 95% to be qualified; carrying out artificial accelerated aging performance test on each preliminarily selected adhesive, wherein the artificial accelerated aging performance test comprises at least one of an ultraviolet aging test, a high-temperature fatigue vibration test, a simulated acid rain soaking test and a high-low temperature damp-heat alternating aging test, and the tensile shear strength retention rate of the adhesive is tested and calculated after each test; and comparing the performance difference of the adhesives, and selecting the adhesive type with the best and most stable evaluation performance as the rail vehicle window sealant.
Further, when the type of the adhesive is initially selected, according to the performance detection report of the adhesive, the adhesive with the tensile shear strength of 1.5-4.5 Mpa, the elongation at break of 200-450%, the single-side curing depth of more than or equal to 12mm/7d at 23 ℃ and 50% relative humidity is selected, the surface drying time of more than or equal to 10min, and the glass transition temperature of less than or equal to minus 60 ℃.
Further, the adhesive comprises at least one of polyurethane adhesive, modified silane adhesive and organic silica gel.
Further, when the bonding performance of each initially selected adhesive is tested, each initially selected adhesive is coated with three adhesive tapes with the width of 9-11mm, the height of more than 5mm and the length of more than 300mm on four sample plates of glass, aluminum alloy, stainless steel and glass fiber reinforced plastic, and then the adhesive tapes are sequentially subjected to normal-temperature curing for 7 days, soaking in water for 7 days, high-temperature 1 day at 60-100 ℃, high-temperature high-humidity 7 days at 50-90 ℃ and relative humidity higher than 90%, and low-temperature high-humidity 1 day at-60 to-20 ℃.
Further, the test environment was sequentially cured at 23 ℃ and 50% relative humidity for 7 days; soaking in water at 23 deg.C for 7 days, and adjusting for 2 hr; standing at 80 deg.C for 1 day, immediately detecting, taking out at high temperature, and adjusting for 2 hr; standing at 70 deg.C and 95% relative humidity for 7 days, and adjusting room temperature for 2 h; and (3) placing the test piece at the low temperature of minus 40 ℃ for 1 day in five continuous test environments, and stripping the adhesive tape after each test environment is finished.
Further, when the initially selected adhesives are subjected to an artificial accelerated aging performance test, three samples, namely aluminum alloy-glass, stainless steel-glass and glass fiber reinforced plastic-glass, connected by the adhesives are used for preparing tensile shearing samples, and then an ultraviolet aging test, a high-temperature fatigue vibration test, a simulated acid rain soaking test and a high-low temperature damp-heat alternating aging test are performed.
Further, when an ultraviolet aging test is carried out, three samples of aluminum alloy-glass, stainless steel-glass and glass fiber reinforced plastic-glass which are connected by an adhesive are prepared into tensile shearing samples, a tool is used for applying 20% strain to the samples, the samples are respectively dried for 8 hours, the ultraviolet wavelength is 340nm, and the irradiance is 0.76 +/-0.02W/m2And (3) multiplying the test sample by nm, wherein the blackboard temperature is 60 +/-3 ℃, the blackboard is condensed for 4 hours, the blackboard temperature is 50 +/-3 ℃, three tests with the test periods of 1000 hours, 1500 hours and 2000 hours are carried out on each sample, and the tensile shear strength retention rate is tested and calculated after each test period.
Further, when a high-temperature fatigue vibration test is carried out, three samples, namely aluminum alloy-glass, stainless steel-glass and glass fiber reinforced plastic-glass, which are connected by an adhesive are used for preparing a tensile shear sample, the thickness of a glue layer is 4-6mm, the fatigue aging test of the adhesive material is carried out at 70 ℃, the amplitude of the sample is 1.0mm, the frequency is 30Hz, the cycle is at least 100 ten thousand times, and the tensile shear strength retention rate before and after aging is tested and calculated.
Further, when a simulated acid rain soaking test is performed, tensile shear samples are prepared from three samples of aluminum alloy-glass, stainless steel-glass and glass fiber reinforced plastic-glass which are connected by an adhesive, a tool is used for applying a strain of 20% to the samples, each sample is soaked for 480h, 960h and 1440h in a simulated acid rain solution with the pH value of 2.0 at 40 ℃, the samples are sequentially taken out at each time point for tensile shear strength, and the tensile shear strength retention rate is tested and calculated.
Further, when a high-low temperature damp-heat alternating aging test is carried out, tensile shear samples are prepared from three samples of aluminum alloy-glass, stainless steel-glass and glass fiber reinforced plastic-glass which are connected by an adhesive, the samples are placed for 4 hours at 80 ℃ and 95% relative humidity, the samples are cooled to minus 40 ℃ within 2 hours, the samples are placed for 4 hours at minus 40 ℃, the samples are heated to 80 ℃ and 95% relative humidity within 2 hours, four tests with test periods of 480 hours, 720 hours, 960 hours and 1440 hours are carried out on each sample, and the tensile shear strength retention rate is tested and calculated after each test period.
Further, when the adhesive type with the best evaluation performance and the most stable performance is selected as the rail vehicle window sealant, the adhesive with the tensile shear strength retention rate of more than 55% is selected as the best and the most stable adhesive.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the adhesive applied to the sealing of the window of the railway vehicle is strictly screened in three stages, specifically, the three stages are divided into three stages of adhesive initial selection, bonding performance test and artificial accelerated aging performance test, and an ultraviolet aging test, a high-temperature fatigue vibration test, a simulated acid rain soaking test and a high-low temperature damp-heat alternating aging test are carried out during the artificial accelerated aging performance test, so that the performance of the adhesive can be fully verified and evaluated. The qualified adhesive is applied to the window sealing of the railway vehicle determined by the evaluation method, so that the phenomena of sealant cracking and rain leakage in the vehicle operation process can be prevented, the window sealing performance of the railway vehicle is guaranteed, the riding comfort of passengers is improved, the vehicle operation faults are reduced, and the window sealing environment requirement and the normal operation maintenance period are ensured. Meanwhile, the blank of an aging method and related performance evaluation of the existing adhesive joint in a complex service environment is made up, and the method has the advantages of perfect performance evaluation, aging test time saving and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a rail vehicle window sealant selection evaluation method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating adhesion performance testing of the rail vehicle window sealant selection evaluation method of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the application of 20% strain to a tensile shear specimen of the rail vehicle window sealant selection evaluation method of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing one cycle of a high and low temperature humid heat alternating aging test of the rail vehicle window sealant type selection evaluation method of FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
It is noted that, unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
In the present invention, unless specified to the contrary, use of the terms of orientation such as "upper, lower, top, bottom" or the like, generally refer to the orientation as shown in the drawings, or to the component itself in a vertical, perpendicular, or gravitational orientation; likewise, for ease of understanding and description, "inner and outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the profile of the components themselves, but the above directional words are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a rail vehicle window sealant model selection evaluation method, aiming at solving the problem that a sealant with good reliability suitable for being used by a rail vehicle window cannot be selected by an adhesive model selection method in the prior art.
The rail vehicle window sealant type selection evaluation method shown in fig. 1 comprises the following steps: primarily selecting the type of the adhesive, and selecting low-modulus adhesive meeting performance indexes for the adhesive; testing the bonding performance of each initially selected adhesive, coating a plurality of adhesive strips on different types of sample plates respectively, sequentially carrying out normal-temperature curing, water soaking, high temperature of 60-100 ℃, high temperature and high humidity of 50-90 ℃ and relative humidity higher than 90%, and low temperature testing environments of-60-20 ℃, stripping the adhesive strips after each testing environment is finished, and determining that the total cohesive failure proportion of each adhesive strip in each testing environment is greater than 95% to be qualified; carrying out artificial accelerated aging performance test on each preliminarily selected adhesive, wherein the artificial accelerated aging performance test comprises at least one of an ultraviolet aging test, a high-temperature fatigue vibration test, a simulated acid rain soaking test and a high-low temperature damp-heat alternating aging test, and the tensile shear strength retention rate of the adhesive is tested and calculated after each test; and comparing the performance difference of the adhesives, and selecting the adhesive type with the best and most stable evaluation performance as the rail vehicle window sealant.
The adhesive applied to the sealing of the window of the railway vehicle is strictly screened in the embodiment through three stages, specifically, the adhesive is divided into three stages of primary selection, bonding performance testing and artificial accelerated aging performance testing, ultraviolet aging testing is carried out during the artificial accelerated aging performance testing, high-temperature fatigue vibration testing, acid rain soaking simulation testing and high-low-temperature damp-heat alternation aging testing, so that the performance of the adhesive can be fully verified and evaluated, a real base material is selected for carrying out the artificial accelerated aging performance testing and applying certain strain to a sample, the condition that the vehicle is subjected to load deformation in the actual running process is simulated, and the load working condition is closer to the load working condition in the running of the real vehicle. The qualified adhesive is applied to the window sealing of the railway vehicle determined by the evaluation method, so that the phenomena of sealant cracking and rain leakage in the vehicle operation process can be prevented, the window sealing performance of the railway vehicle is guaranteed, the riding comfort of passengers is improved, the vehicle operation faults are reduced, and the window sealing environment requirement and the normal operation maintenance period are ensured. Meanwhile, the blank of an aging method and related performance evaluation of the existing adhesive joint in a complex service environment is made up, and the method has the advantages of perfect performance evaluation, aging test time saving and the like.
In the embodiment, when the type of the adhesive is initially selected, according to the performance test report of the adhesive, the adhesive with the tensile shear strength of 1.5-4.5 Mpa, the elongation at break of 200-450%, the single-sided curing depth (23 ℃, under the environment of 50% relative humidity) of not less than 12mm/7d (mm/day), the surface drying time of not less than 10min and the glass transition temperature (median value) of not more than-60 ℃ is selected. The adhesive comprises at least one of polyurethane adhesive, modified silane adhesive and organic silica gel, and the type of the adhesive is preferably low-modulus adhesive such as polysulfide adhesive, polyurethane adhesive and modified silane adhesive. The adhesive type meeting the performance indexes can be used as a primarily selected adhesive for subsequent tests.
In this embodiment, in order to verify the adhesion effect of the adhesive to the actual bonded substrate and simulate the extreme environmental conditions of the operation of the rail vehicle, the adhesion performance test of each adhesive selected initially was performed. During testing, each adhesive selected preliminarily is coated with three adhesive tapes with the width of 9-11mm, preferably 10mm, the height of more than 5mm and the length of more than 300mm on four sample plates of glass, aluminum alloy, stainless steel and glass fiber reinforced plastic, and then the adhesive tapes are sequentially subjected to the test environments of normal-temperature curing for 7 days, soaking in water for 7 days, high temperature of 60-100 ℃ for 1 day, high temperature and high humidity of 50-90 ℃ and higher than 90% relative humidity for 7 days, and low temperature of-60 to-20 ℃ for 1 day. The parameters such as width, height and the like are convenient for using sharp-nose pliers to cut and strip in subsequent operation, and the adhesive tape is not easy to break. Each test condition required a 50mm length of peel, for a total of 300mm length for 6 test stages. The specific parameters of the temperature and the humidity can be selected correspondingly according to the needs.
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the test environment of the present example was cured for 7 days in the order of 23 ℃ and 50% relative humidity; soaking in water at 23 deg.C for 7 days, and adjusting for 2 hr; standing at 80 deg.C for 1 day, immediately detecting, taking out at 80 deg.C, and adjusting for 2 hr; standing at 70 deg.C and 95% relative humidity for 7 days, and adjusting room temperature for 2 h; placing the test piece at the low temperature of minus 40 ℃ for 1 day in five continuous test environments, and peeling off the adhesive tape after each test environment is finished, wherein the adhesive tape is required to be peeled off for 6 times after the test piece is placed at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 1 day and immediately detected and taken out at the high temperature of 80 ℃ and adjusted for 2 hours. Five of the five stages correspond to the adhesiveness of the adhesive to the bonding base material under five environments of normal-temperature curing, high humidity (soaking in water), high temperature, high humidity and low temperature. And (3) stripping the adhesive tape after each test environment is finished, and taking the adhesive with qualified bonding force as the total adhesive failure proportion of the three parallel samples after each test environment is more than 95%, so as to further screen out the adhesive with good bonding force with the base material. The above process is carried out using a high and low temperature damp heat test chamber.
The artificial accelerated aging performance test of the embodiment includes four tests of an ultraviolet aging test, a high-temperature fatigue vibration test, a simulated acid rain soaking test and a high-low temperature damp-heat alternating aging test, namely, the four tests are carried out on the adhesive to ensure that the test result is comprehensive and reliable. Of course, the actual test can be performed selectively according to actual needs. When the initially selected adhesives are subjected to artificial accelerated aging performance test, three samples, namely aluminum alloy-glass, stainless steel-glass and glass fiber reinforced plastic-glass, connected by the adhesives are prepared into tensile shearing samples, and then an ultraviolet aging test, a high-temperature fatigue vibration test, a simulated acid rain soaking test and a high-low temperature damp-heat alternating aging test are respectively performed.
Specifically, when the ultraviolet aging test is carried out, three samples of aluminum alloy-glass, stainless steel-glass and glass fiber reinforced plastic-glass which are connected by the adhesive are prepared into tensile shearing samples, a tool is used for applying 20% strain to the samples as shown in figure 3, and the samples are respectively dried for 8 hours, wherein the ultraviolet wavelength is 340nm, and the irradiance is 0.76 +/-0.02W/m2X nm, blackboard temperature of 60 +/-3 ℃ and cooling for 4hAnd (3) solidifying, cycling the blackboard temperature at 50 +/-3 ℃, carrying out three tests on each sample for 1000h, 1500h and 2000h, namely carrying out the test process of the test period on the three samples, and testing and calculating the tensile shear strength retention rate after each test period. The process was carried out using an ultraviolet lamp accelerated weathering test chamber.
When a high-temperature fatigue vibration test is carried out, three samples of aluminum alloy-glass, stainless steel-glass and glass fiber reinforced plastic-glass which are connected by an adhesive are used for preparing a tensile shear sample, the thickness of an adhesive layer is 4-6mm, preferably 5mm, the fatigue aging test of the adhesive material is carried out at 70 ℃, the amplitude of the sample is 1.0mm, the frequency is 30Hz, the cycle is at least 100 ten thousand times, and the tensile shear strength retention rate before and after aging is tested and calculated. This process was performed using a fatigue tester.
In the simulated acid rain soaking test, three samples of aluminum alloy-glass, stainless steel-glass and glass fiber reinforced plastic-glass connected by an adhesive are prepared into tensile shearing samples, a tool is used for applying 20% strain to the samples, each sample is soaked for 480h, 960h and 1440h in a simulated acid rain solution with the pH value of 2.0 at 40 ℃, the samples are sequentially taken out at each time point for tensile shearing strength, and the tensile shearing strength retention rate is tested and calculated. The process was carried out using a high and low temperature damp heat test chamber.
When a high-low temperature damp-heat alternating aging test is carried out, three samples, namely aluminum alloy-glass, stainless steel-glass and glass fiber reinforced plastic-glass, connected by an adhesive are prepared into tensile shearing samples, the samples are placed for 4 hours at 80 ℃ and 95% relative humidity, the samples are cooled to minus 40 ℃ within 2 hours, the samples are placed for 4 hours at minus 40 ℃, the samples are heated to 80 ℃ and 95% relative humidity within 2 hours, as shown in figure 4, each sample is subjected to four tests with test periods of 480 hours, 720 hours, 960 hours and 1440 hours, namely the three samples are subjected to the test process of the test period, and the tensile shearing strength retention rate is tested and calculated after each test period. The process was carried out using a high and low temperature damp heat test chamber.
The above-mentioned sample joined by an adhesive means that two materials of the sample are joined by adhesive bonding to form a whole, for example, aluminum alloy-glass is obtained by bonding aluminum alloy and glass together by an adhesive.
In the ultraviolet aging test, the simulated acid rain soaking test, and the high-low temperature humid heat alternating aging test, each test is performed for a plurality of tests with different test periods, and if the three samples are separately tested, the number of tests is large, and taking the ultraviolet aging test as an example, the total of the three samples needs to be performed for nine tests. In order to reduce the test times, the environments based on the three samples are the same foundation, and in the actual test, the three samples can be simultaneously tested in the same period, for example, the three samples are simultaneously tested in a specific environment for 1000 hours in the ultraviolet aging test, so that the three samples only need to be tested for three times in total aiming at the three periods, the test times are greatly reduced, and the test efficiency is improved.
In the embodiment, in order to make the material of the sample consistent with the material of the adhesive actually contacted with the vehicle window sealant, the adhesive is adopted to bond the three samples, namely the aluminum alloy-glass sample, the stainless steel-glass sample and the glass fiber reinforced plastic-glass sample. Of course, the specific materials of the three samples can be changed according to actual needs.
After the tests are carried out, the performance difference of the adhesives is compared, and the rail vehicle window sealant is selected. And finally selecting the adhesive type with the best and most stable evaluation performance as the rail vehicle window sealant during selection, and more specifically selecting the adhesive with the tensile shear strength retention rate of more than 55% as the best and most stable adhesive.
It should be noted that, specific parameters in the above embodiments may be adjusted accordingly as needed, and the number of the above embodiments refers to at least two.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:
1. the problem that the sealant which is suitable for the windows of the railway vehicles and has good reliability can not be selected by an adhesive type selection method in the prior art is solved;
2. fully verifying and evaluating the performance of the adhesive, selecting a real base material to carry out an artificial accelerated aging performance test, applying a certain strain to a sample, simulating the load deformation condition in the actual running process of a vehicle, and more approaching the load working condition in the running process of the real vehicle;
3. the qualified adhesive is applied to the window sealing of the railway vehicle after being confirmed by the evaluation method, so that the phenomena of sealant cracking and rain leakage in the vehicle operation process can be prevented, the window sealing performance of the railway vehicle is guaranteed, the riding comfort of passengers is improved, the vehicle operation faults are reduced, and the window sealing environment requirement and the normal operation maintenance period are ensured;
4. the aging method makes up the blank of the aging method and the related performance evaluation of the existing adhesive joint in the complex service environment, and has the advantages of perfect performance evaluation, aging test time saving and the like.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments are only a few, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular is intended to include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and it should be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A rail vehicle window sealant selection evaluation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
primarily selecting the type of an adhesive, wherein the adhesive selects a low-modulus adhesive meeting performance indexes;
testing the bonding performance of each initially selected adhesive, coating a plurality of adhesive strips on different types of sample plates respectively by the adhesive, sequentially carrying out normal-temperature curing, water soaking, high temperature of 60-100 ℃, high temperature and high humidity of 50-90 ℃ and relative humidity higher than 90%, and low-temperature testing environments of-60 ℃ to-20 ℃, stripping the adhesive strips after each testing environment is finished, and determining that the total cohesive failure proportion of each adhesive strip in each testing environment is greater than 95% to be qualified;
carrying out artificial accelerated aging performance test on each preliminarily selected adhesive, wherein the artificial accelerated aging performance test comprises at least one of an ultraviolet aging test, a high-temperature fatigue vibration test, a simulated acid rain soaking test and a high-low temperature damp-heat alternating aging test, and the tensile shear strength retention rate of the adhesive is tested and calculated after each test;
and comparing the performance difference of the adhesives, and selecting the adhesive type with the best and most stable evaluation performance as the rail vehicle window sealant.
2. The rail vehicle window sealant type selection evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the type of the adhesive is initially selected, according to the performance detection report of the adhesive, the adhesive with the tensile shear strength of 1.5-4.5 Mpa, the elongation at break of 200% -450%, the single-side curing depth of more than or equal to 12mm/7d at 23 ℃ and 50% relative humidity, the surface drying time of more than or equal to 10min and the glass transition temperature of less than or equal to-60 ℃ is selected.
3. The rail vehicle window sealant selection evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adhesive comprises at least one of a polyurethane adhesive, a modified silane adhesive, and a silicone adhesive.
4. The rail vehicle window sealant type selection evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the bonding performance of each of the preliminarily selected adhesives is tested, each of the preliminarily selected adhesives is coated with three adhesive tapes with the width of 9-11mm, the height of more than 5mm and the length of more than 300mm on four sample plates of glass, aluminum alloy, stainless steel and glass fiber reinforced plastic, and then the adhesive tapes are sequentially subjected to the test environments of normal temperature curing for 7 days, water soaking for 7 days, high temperature of 60-100 ℃ for 1 day, high temperature and high humidity of 50-90 ℃ and higher than 90% relative humidity for 7 days, and low temperature of-60 to-20 ℃ for 1 day.
5. The rail vehicle window sealant type selection evaluation method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the test environment is sequentially cured for 7 days at 23 ℃ and 50% relative humidity; soaking in water at 23 deg.C for 7 days, and adjusting for 2 hr; standing at 80 deg.C for 1 day, immediately detecting, taking out at high temperature, and adjusting for 2 hr; standing at 70 deg.C and 95% relative humidity for 7 days, and adjusting room temperature for 2 h; and (3) placing the test piece at the low temperature of minus 40 ℃ for 1 day in five continuous test environments, and stripping the adhesive tape after each test environment is finished.
6. The rail vehicle window sealant type selection evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when each preliminarily selected adhesive is subjected to an artificial accelerated aging performance test, three samples of aluminum alloy-glass, stainless steel-glass and glass fiber reinforced plastic-glass connected by the adhesive are prepared into tensile shear samples, and then the ultraviolet aging test, the high temperature fatigue vibration test, the simulated acid rain soaking test and the high and low temperature damp and hot alternation aging test are performed.
7. The rail vehicle window seal of claim 1The glue type selection evaluation method is characterized in that when the ultraviolet aging test is carried out, three samples of aluminum alloy-glass, stainless steel-glass and glass fiber reinforced plastic-glass connected by the adhesive are prepared into tensile shearing samples, a tool is used for applying 20% strain to the samples, and the samples are respectively dried for 8 hours, wherein the ultraviolet wavelength is 340nm, and the irradiance is 0.76 +/-0.02W/m2And (3) multiplying the test sample by nm, wherein the blackboard temperature is 60 +/-3 ℃, the blackboard is condensed for 4 hours, the blackboard temperature is 50 +/-3 ℃, three tests with the test periods of 1000 hours, 1500 hours and 2000 hours are carried out on each sample, and the tensile shear strength retention rate is tested and calculated after each test period.
8. The rail vehicle window sealant type selection evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the high temperature fatigue vibration test, three samples of aluminum alloy-glass, stainless steel-glass and glass fiber reinforced plastic-glass connected by the adhesive are prepared into tensile shear samples, the thickness of the adhesive layer is 4-6mm, the fatigue aging test of the adhesive material is carried out at 70 ℃, the amplitude of the sample is 1.0mm, the frequency is 30Hz, the cycle is carried out for at least 100 ten thousand times, and the retention rate of the tensile shear strength before and after aging is tested and calculated.
9. The rail vehicle window sealant type selection evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein in the simulated acid rain soaking test, three samples of aluminum alloy-glass, stainless steel-glass and glass fiber reinforced plastic-glass connected by the adhesive are prepared into tensile shear samples, a tool is used for applying a strain of 20% to the samples, each sample is soaked in a simulated acid rain solution with a pH value of 2.0 at 40 ℃ for 480h, 960h and 1440h, the samples are taken out in sequence at each time point for tensile shear strength, and the tensile shear strength retention rate is tested and calculated.
10. The method for selectively evaluating the rail vehicle window sealant according to claim 1, wherein in the high and low temperature humid heat alternating aging test, three samples of aluminum alloy-glass, stainless steel-glass and glass fiber reinforced plastic-glass connected by the adhesive are prepared into tensile shear samples, and are placed for 4h at 80 ℃ and 95% relative humidity, cooled to-40 ℃ within 2h, placed for 4h at-40 ℃ and heated to 80 ℃ and 95% relative humidity within 2h, each sample is subjected to four tests with test periods of 480h, 720h, 960h and 1440h, and the tensile shear strength retention rate is tested and calculated after each test period.
11. The rail vehicle window sealant type selection evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when an adhesive type with the best and most stable evaluation performance is selected as the rail vehicle window sealant, the adhesive with the tensile shear strength retention rate of more than 55% is selected as the best and most stable adhesive.
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