CN113686769A - Method for detecting aging performance of sealing rubber strip of mechanism box - Google Patents
Method for detecting aging performance of sealing rubber strip of mechanism box Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting the aging performance of a sealing rubber strip of a mechanism box. The method comprises the following steps: (1) constructing a GIS sealant strip material aging test platform, wherein the GIS sealant strip material aging test platform comprises a damp-heat aging test system and a test analysis system; (2) the rubber material is placed in a GIS sealing rubber strip material aging test platform, is respectively in a heating environment, an extrusion compression environment, a humidifying environment and a salt environment, and the aging degree of the rubber strip in different environments is detected. The aging degree of the sealing rubber strip can be detected based on aging factors such as compression rate, temperature, humidity, salt and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rubber strip aging performance detection, and particularly relates to a method for detecting the aging performance of a sealing rubber strip of a mechanism box.
Background
The aging factors of the rubber material are compression rate, temperature, humidity, salt and the like, and the sealing rubber strip is often under the combined action of various aging factors. Different aging factors are required to be set for rubber with different applications and working environments. Considering the operation characteristics of the GIS mechanism box: (1) the GIS equipment has long maintenance time, the sealing rubber strip runs for a long time without being replaced, and the working time is long; (2) the mechanism box is in the outdoor environment for a long time and bears higher ambient temperature. The performance degradation of the joint strip is influenced by many factors as described above. (3) The southern power grid jurisdiction area belongs to a high-temperature high-humidity area, the Guangdong, the Guangxi and the Hainan are coastal areas, the southern area is developed industrially, the environmental pollution is serious, the surface pollution of electric equipment in certain areas is serious, and the aging of sealant strip materials is inevitably accelerated under the influence of climatic factors such as a humid environment and the like by charged particles in the pollution, so that the influence of the 'wet' factor and the 'salt' factor on the rubber performance is not negligible.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for detecting the aging performance of a sealing rubber strip of a mechanism box, which can detect the aging performance of the rubber strip in different environments.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for detecting aging performance of a sealing rubber strip of a mechanism box comprises the following steps:
(1) constructing a GIS sealant strip material aging test platform, wherein the GIS sealant strip material aging test platform comprises a damp-heat aging test system and a test analysis system;
(2) the rubber material is placed in a GIS sealing rubber strip material aging test platform, is respectively in a heating environment, an extrusion compression environment, a humidifying environment and a salt environment, and the aging degree of the rubber strip in different environments is detected.
Further, the damp-heat aging test system comprises an environment control system and a sample compression device; the environment control system comprises an electric heating air blowing drying box, a model DHG9230, a volume of 75cm multiplied by 60cm multiplied by 55cm, a fluctuation degree of +/-1 ℃, and a temperature range of: RT + 5-300 ℃, heated air is blown into the oven from the bottom, two fans on the back plate blow air inwards, and the air is stirred to heat the air evenly. The oven should be able to accommodate multiple burn-in fixtures. When parallel compression plates made of steel are used, 4 piles are placed on each layer.
Further, the test analysis system comprises a hardness detection device, a molecular structure detection device and an encirclement detection device.
Further, the temperature of the heating environment is 110-130 ℃.
Further, the construction process of the extrusion compression environment comprises the following steps: when the hardness of the rubber strip sample is 10-80 IRHD, the set compression rate is 25-30%.
Further, the construction method of the humidifying environment comprises the following steps: uniformly spraying distilled water on the surface of the adhesive tape sample; or soaking the gel strip sample in distilled water.
Further, the construction method of the salt environment comprises the following steps: preparing a sodium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 4-6%, and spraying the sodium chloride solution onto the surface of an adhesive tape sample; or dipping the strip sample therein.
Further, the process for detecting the aging degree of the rubber strip in different environments comprises the following steps: and (3) analyzing and detecting the compression set and the hardness of the adhesive tape by adopting an infrared spectrum, a scanning electron microscope and an X-ray electronic energy spectrum.
Further, the compression set is calculated by the formula:
wherein d is0Original diameter of sealing rubber strip, dpTo restore the posterior intercept, hDIs the depth of the groove in which the sealant strip is located.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the aging performance of the adhesive tape can be detected according to different aging factors so as to research the aging performance of different materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a compression fitting device for an arc-shaped sample of a sealing rubber strip;
FIG. 2 is a SEM image of the side of a sealing rubber strip aged for 10 days;
FIG. 3 is a SEM image of the side of a sealing rubber strip aged for 20 days;
FIG. 4 shows the IR spectrum test results of the sealing rubber strip after multi-factor aging;
FIG. 5 shows the hardness change rate of the sealing rubber strip after multi-factor aging for 10 days by a spraying method;
FIG. 6 shows the hardness change rate of the sealing rubber strip after multi-factor aging for 20 days by a spraying method;
FIG. 7 shows the hardness change rate of the multi-factor aged sealing rubber strip by the immersion method;
FIG. 8 is the compression set of the sealing rubber strip after 10 days of multi-factor aging by spraying;
FIG. 9 is the compression set of the sealing rubber strip after multi-factor aging for 20 days by the spraying method;
FIG. 10 shows the compression set of the multi-factor aged sealing rubber strip by the immersion method;
FIG. 11 is a sealing strip multi-factor aging mechanism;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the comparison of the compression set ratios of the sealing rubber strips after 15 days of multi-factor aging by the immersion method;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the comparison of the compression set ratios of the sealing rubber strips after 30 days of multi-factor aging by the immersion method;
FIG. 14 is a comparison of hardness change rates of the sealing rubber strips after 15 days of soaking method multifactorial aging;
FIG. 15 is a comparison of the hardness change rate of the joint strip after 30 days of soaking multi-factor aging.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided to facilitate the understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, but it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined and defined in the appended claims, and all matters produced by the invention using the inventive concept are protected.
Example 1 accelerated aging test platform
In the research, an electrothermal blowing drying box is adopted for sample thermal aging, the model is DHG9230, the volume is 75cm multiplied by 60cm multiplied by 55cm, the fluctuation degree is +/-1 ℃, and the temperature range is as follows: RT + 5-300 ℃, heated air is blown into the oven from the bottom, two fans on the back plate blow air inwards, and the air is stirred to heat the air evenly. The oven should be able to accommodate multiple burn-in fixtures. When parallel compression plates made of steel are used, 4 piles are placed on each layer.
(1) Heat generation
In the hot air aging test, the rubber is exposed to the test environment in order to produce the same effect as natural aging. In the artificial accelerated aging test, the higher the oxygen concentration, the faster the aging, and in addition, the high temperature causes the rubber to generate gas volatile matters, which may have an influence on the aging test. In order to avoid the influence of oxygen concentration and gas volatile matters on test results, an electrothermal blowing drying oven is adopted for heating and aging, so that the effect of accelerating aging is achieved, and plum singing proves the equivalence of accelerated aging of rubber in the drying oven and natural aging of the rubber. The aging temperature is selected to simultaneously meet the following two conditions: higher than the actual working temperature, and the effect of accelerating aging is achieved. The aging mechanism of the material cannot be changed without limiting the high temperature. Refer to "hot air aging method for determination of vulcanized rubber storage Property guide first part: specified in test protocol ]: the temperature is generally selected to be 110-130 ℃ in the heat aging test of ethylene propylene diene monomer (sealing rubber strip), and the temperature fluctuation of an aging box is ensured to be +/-1 ℃ before a sample enters the aging box test.
(2) Compressive stress
The sealing rubber strip is mainly under the action of compressive stress in the mechanism box, and sealing is realized through extrusion. In order to accurately simulate the operation condition of the GIS sealing rubber strip, the compression set of vulcanized rubber or thermoplastic rubber is measured according to GB/T7759.1-2015 part 1: a compression plate, a steel limiter and a fastener for applying compression stress are specially designed according to the requirements of a mold for performing an extrusion force test on rubber under the conditions of normal temperature and high temperature. According to the regulations in GB/T5720-2008O-shaped rubber sealing strip test method, when the hardness of the sample is (10-80) IRHD, the compression rate is set to be 25%. In the test, the diameter of the sealing rubber strip is 10.00 +/-0.01 mm, and the height of the stopper is 7.50 +/-0.01 mm. The arc-shaped test sample of the sealing rubber strip, the compression plate and the steel limiter are matched with one another as shown in figure 1.
(3) Wet
The application of the wet factor is one of the difficulties of the project, and GB/T15905-
first, a spraying method
And opening a test box door every 12 hours during the test, uniformly spraying distilled water on the surface of each sample by adopting a handheld spray can, closing the box door after spraying, and continuing the test according to the preset temperature.
② soaking method
In the whole test process, the whole compression tool and the sealing rubber strip are soaked in a stainless steel washbasin filled with distilled water.
(4) Salt (salt)
GB/T35858-2018 salt fog aging test method for vulcanized rubber stipulates that the vulcanized rubber is subjected to salt factors in a salt fog test box, but a compression clamp is required to be applied because the compression permanent deformation rate is used as the main performance index of the sealing rubber strip in the project, and the salt fog box is aged and easily corrodes metal fasteners, so that adverse effects are caused on compression aging. Therefore, a spraying method and a soaking method are also adopted, and a sodium chloride solution with the mass fraction of (5 +/-1%) is prepared, and a humidification factor and a salt factor are applied at the same time.
Example 2
1. Test protocol
The ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber sealing strip is selected as a research object in the test, a multi-factor aging test platform for heat, compression, humidity and salt combined aging is built according to the actual working condition of the rubber sealing strip in the GIS, a corresponding aging test is carried out, and finally the mechanical property index of the rubber sealing strip is tested: compression set, hardness, and analysis by infrared spectrum, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray electron energy spectrum.
2. Test materials
The common materials of the sealing rubber strip are Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM), Chloroprene Rubber (CR), nitrile rubber (NBR) and the like, and compared with other rubber materials, the materials have better tensile property, compression resilience property and aging resistance. In the retired sealing rubber strips collected by each GIS substation, all the operation time exceeds 8 years and all the operation time is chloroprene rubber sealing rubber strips, namely the utilization rate of the chloroprene rubber sealing rubber strips before 2010 is high. At present, most of materials of the sealing rubber strip for the GIS are ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber which has good aging resistance and good compression resilience. The three rubber industry limited of baodin Tianwei Jin tests the resistance of EPDM, NBR and CR material rubbers and is summarized in Table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of advantages and disadvantages of sealing rubber strips made of three types of materials
Other disadvantages of ethylene propylene diene monomer are represented by: the manufacturing process is complex, the self-adhesion is poor, and the vulcanization speed is 3-4 times slower than that of common synthetic rubber. The project adopts a new delivery ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber sealing strip produced by Shandong Taikai high-voltage switch Limited company, and the formula is as follows: s11, size: 210X 10mm, and cut into arc-shaped specimens. The experiment is mainly used for researching the aging performance of the ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber sealing strip, and comparing the performances of the ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber sealing strip, the nitrile rubber sealing strip and the chloroprene rubber sealing strip.
3. Test apparatus
According to the requirements of project tests, designing and building a GIS sealant strip material aging test platform, wherein the test platform mainly comprises a damp-heat aging test system and a test analysis system, the damp-heat aging test system comprises an environment control system and a sample compression device, and the test analysis system comprises a thickness test device, a hardness test device, a thickness test device, a molecular structure test device and a microscopic test device. The test equipment used in the platform is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Main instrument and equipment for aging test of sealant strip material in mechanism box
| Device name | Model of the device | Manufacturer of the product |
| Rubber thickness meter | BY-4031 | Yangzhou Boyu test machinery plant |
| Shore rubber hardness tester | LX-A | Edinburgh instruments ltd, le Qing City |
| Heat aging oven | DHG-9130 | Guangzhou Kangheng instruments Co Ltd |
| Fourier infrared spectrometer | VERTEX 70 type | Bruker, Germany |
| Scanning electron microscope | S-3700N | Hitachi Co of Japan |
4. Test indexes
The sealing principle of the rubber material is that a sealing rubber strip is extruded to generate deformation, so that contact pressure is generated on a sealing contact surface, and the rubber material is in a high-temperature working environment for a long time, and is easy to age and lose original elasticity. The magnitude of the elasticity can characterize the current state of the rubber material and influence its sealing effect as a seal. The compression set is a quantitative indicator of the change in "elasticity" and is used in this project as a primary indicator for evaluating the performance of the joint strip.
During the ageing of the rubber material, the material is also subjected to a degree of deterioration in its properties with ageing, wherein the deterioration in the physical properties directly or indirectly affects the reduction in contact pressure and eventually the sealing properties are lost, for example, the rubber undergoes chain scission at the early stage of ageing, which results in a decrease in hardness, and the rubber becomes hard at the later stage of ageing, so that the test also tests the rate of change in hardness of the material in addition to the compression set. Meanwhile, in order to better understand the physical and chemical properties of the material, the material is subjected to infrared spectroscopy and a scanning electron microscope.
(1) Infrared spectroscopy
Fourier transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was commonly used to study rubber joint strip aging. The test adopts an attenuated total reflection infrared spectrometer (Bruker VERTEX 70 model Germany and ATR accessory) to detect the chemical structure of a sample, and the aged sealing rubber strip is cut into cylindrical samples with the length of about 5mm, scrubbed by absolute ethyl alcohol and dried before being used as test samples. The test conditions were: the scanning times are 32 times, and the resolution is 4cm-1Wave number range of 4000-700 cm-1。
Quantitative analysis of FTIR spectra in polymersAlso important in chemical research, the degree of aging is usually expressed in terms of Carbonyl Index (CI), since the oxidation products of polymers are mostly Carbonyl groups. The carbonyl index refers to the ratio of the absorbance of the carbonyl band associated with the oxidative degradation characteristics to the band that does not change with thermal oxygen degradation (typically the methylene band, which does not change during aging). The corresponding area of the carbonyl tape varies slightly with different materials, and is generally 1690-1950 cm-1From 1312 to 1450cm-1The absorption peak of methylene is visible. CI can be calculated by peak area ratio (formula (1.6-1 a)) or peak intensity ratio (formula (1.6-1 b).
Wherein A iscIs the area of the carbonyl region, ArefIs the area of the methylene region, HcIs the intensity of the carbonyl absorption band, HrefIs the intensity of the methylene band.
In this study, the carbonyl region (1950-1690 cm)-1) Showing several overlapping absorption bands corresponding to carboxylic acids, ketones, esters and lactones. Accordingly, the carbonyl index is calculated herein using the formula (1.6-1 a).
(2) Scanning electron microscopy
In order to compare the change of the microscopic morphology of the side surface of the sealing rubber strip after multi-factor aging, a scanning electron microscope is used for observing the sealing rubber strip slices under different aging conditions, before an observation test, a test sample is pasted on a metal plate by using a conductive adhesive, the sealing rubber strip sample is subjected to metal spraying treatment (so that the observed sample has conductivity), an S-3700N type scanning electron microscope is used for scanning and taking a picture of the side surface of the sealing rubber strip in an electronic imaging mode, and the resolution ratio is 3 nm.
(3) Hardness of
The hardness of the same position on the arc-shaped test sample of the sealing rubber strip is measured for 3 times respectively before and after aging, the median is taken, and the hardness value measured at the position is the apparent hardness. According to standard vulcanized rubber or thermoplastic rubber indentation hardness test method part 1: shore Durometer method (Shore hardness), hardness Change Rate formula:
in the formula:
h0-initial apparent hardness of the sample in HA;
h1-apparent hardness of the sample after ageing, in HA;
(4) compression set
In the test, a BY-4031 rubber thickness gauge is used to measure the cut-off diameter of the arc-shaped test piece of the sealing rubber strip before and after ageing, the resolution of the rubber thickness gauge is 0.01mm, and the part 1 of the compression set determination of vulcanized rubber or thermoplastic rubber is carried out according to the standard GB/T7759.1-2015: compression Set (CS) under normal and high temperature conditions:
in the formula:
d0-initial section diameter of the specimen in millimeters (mm);
d1-the diameter of the sample after recovery in millimeters (mm);
hs-limiter height in millimeters (mm).
Example 3
Test procedure
The heat is the first aging factor in the multi-factor aging of the sealing rubber strip, plays a role in accelerating the aging, the oxygen and the compression are used for simulating the actual operation condition of the sealing rubber strip in the test platform, and the performance change of the test sample before and after aging is detected according to the preset aging time, so that the aim of researching the respective influence of the compression, the humidity and the salt on the aging of the sealing rubber strip is fulfilled, and the humidity-heat aging resistance and the salt-heat aging resistance of the sealing rubber strip are evaluated. With reference to the GB/T1690-:
(1) distilled water spraying method (four-factor aging heat, oxygen, compression and humidity)
Firstly, cleaning a sealing rubber strip sample by using distilled water;
cutting the sealing rubber strip into arc-shaped samples, compressing and fixing the arc-shaped samples by using a compression plate and a fastener;
uniformly spraying distilled water on the surface of each sample by using an atomization sprayer;
fourthly, putting the sample sprayed with the distilled water into an electric heating air blast drying box;
opening a test box door every 12 hours, spraying distilled water on the surface of the sample until the surface of the sample is uniformly covered with the distilled water, then closing the box door, and continuing the test on the basis of the original temperature;
(2) salt water spraying method (five-factor aging of heat, oxygen, compression, wet and salt)
Firstly, cleaning a sealing rubber strip sample by using distilled water;
cutting the sealing rubber strip into arc-shaped samples, compressing and fixing the arc-shaped samples by using a compression plate and a fastener;
preparing a salt solution with the mass fraction of (5 +/-0.1%) by adopting sodium chloride and distilled water;
fourthly, uniformly spraying the prepared salt solution on the surface of each sample by using an atomization sprayer;
fifthly, putting the sample sprayed with the salt solution into an electric heating air blast drying box;
sixthly, opening a test box door every 12 hours, spraying salt solution on the surface of the sample until the surface is uniformly covered with the salt solution, then closing the box door, and continuing the test on the basis of the original temperature;
(3) distilled water soaking method (heat, oxygen, compression, wet four-factor aging)
Firstly, cleaning a sealing rubber strip sample by using distilled water;
cutting the sealing rubber strip into arc-shaped samples, compressing and fixing the arc-shaped samples by using a compression plate and a fastener;
thirdly, the compression device is placed in a stainless steel washbasin with distilled water, and the washbasin is placed in an electric heating blowing drying box;
fourthly, opening a test box door every 12 hours, adding distilled water into the washbasin, then closing the box door, and continuing the test on the basis of the original temperature;
(4) soaking in salt water (aging by five factors of heat, oxygen, compression, wet and salt)
Firstly, cleaning a sealing rubber strip sample by using distilled water;
cutting the sealing rubber strip into arc-shaped samples, compressing and fixing the arc-shaped samples by using a compression plate and a fastener;
preparing a salt solution with the mass fraction of (5 +/-0.1%) by adopting sodium chloride and distilled water;
putting the compression device into a stainless steel washbasin with salt water, and putting the washbasin into an electric heating blowing drying box;
opening the test box door every 12 hours, adding saline water into the washbasin, then closing the box door, and continuing the test on the basis of the original temperature;
to compare the above multi-factor aging results, a blank set was also designed for this test in which only the thermal factor and compression factor and oxygen factor were applied, and the specific test schedule is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 aging test arrangement
In general, the aging test of the rubber material is most common and most easily realized by a hot air accelerated aging test, but the test is intended to provide the aging performance of the rubber material for the reliability of the sealing rubber strip of the southern power grid mechanism box, and the spraying method and the soaking method are respectively adopted to carry out the damp-heat aging test and the salt-heat aging test in consideration of the environmental factors of the southern power grid region.
Example 4
1. Test results of scanning electron microscope
Fig. 2 shows the result of 10000 magnification of the surface of the sealing rubber strip in the scanning electron microscope test, after aging for 10 days under the condition of applying different aging factors, the surface of the sealing rubber strip after aging of the hot-oxygen-wet salt has the most wrinkles and is obviously uneven, the difference between the hot-oxygen-wet aging and the sealing rubber strip after hot-oxygen aging is not large, and the surface of the sealing rubber strip after applying the wet factors is slightly convex.
FIG. 3 shows SEM results of the surface of the sealing rubber strip after aging for 20 days by multiple factors, under the condition of 10000 times of mirror, the sealing rubber strip is already loose after aging by hot oxygen and wet salt, and due to the corrosion effect of the salt, very porous holes appear on the surface of the rubber and the original compact structure is lost. The humidified and aged sealing rubber strip begins to crack but still does not develop into holes, the surface of the sealing rubber strip aged by thermal oxidation partially bulges, and compared with the sealing rubber strip aged for 10 days, the bulges are increased, and the surface tends to be uneven.
2. Results of Infrared Spectroscopy
The following chart shows the infrared spectrogram of the aged sealing rubber strip after 20 days in comparison with the new sealing rubber strip, which is 2920cm after aging in comparison with the new sealing rubber strip-1Band of (C-CH)3(methyl) is reduced. 1960-1690 cm-1The absorption peak intensity was significantly increased, confirming the increased C ═ O (carbonyl) content in the rubber. Carbonyl region (1950-1690 cm)-1) Showing multiple overlapping bands corresponding to carboxylic acids, ketones, esters and lactones. During the aging process of the joint strip, oxidation and chain scission occur. Furthermore, the aged sealing rubber strip had an absorption intensity of-OH (hydroxyl) band (3367 cm)-1) And increasing, and the content of-OH (hydroxyl) in the sealing rubber strip of the hot oxygen wet salt aging group is the maximum. The generation of C ═ O (carbonyl) of the rubber sealing strip after aging is closely related to the oxidation of the sealing strip, and the generation of hydroxyl-OH is considered by Pourmand P of Swedish as a result of the reaction of the sealing strip with water molecules.
Test results of hardness Change Rate
After the rubber strip is aged for 10 days and 20 days by multiple factors, the diameter cut and hardness measurement values of the ethylene propylene diene rubber sealing rubber strip, the compression set rate and the hardness change rate are calculated and shown in a table 4.
TABLE data sheet of compression set and hardness of EPDM after aging at 4120 deg.C
As shown in FIG. 5, the hardness change rate of the sealant strip after multi-factor aging for 10 days by spraying is shown, and the hardness of the sealant strip is reduced after multi-factor aging for 10 days, wherein the hardness change rate is the largest and the most reduced after thermal oxidative humid salt aging, and the hardness change rate after thermal oxidative humid aging is larger than that of thermal oxidative humid aging.
As shown in FIG. 6, the hardness change rate of the sealant strip after multi-factor aging for 20 days by spraying method is reduced, the hardness of the hot oxygen wet salt is reduced, and the hardness of the hot oxygen aging and the hardness of the hot oxygen wet aging are both increased, wherein the hardness of the hot oxygen aging is increased greatly, which is unfavorable for sealing.
As shown in fig. 7, the hardness change rates of the sealing rubber strip after 15 and 30 days of soaking aging are shown, the hardness change rate of the sealing rubber strip is higher when the sealing rubber strip is aged for 15 days, the hardness is reduced under the three aging conditions, and the hardness change rate is lower when the sealing rubber strip is aged for 30 days.
3. Test results of compression set
The compression set rate is the most important reference index for detecting the performance of the sealing rubber strip, is an index for measuring the residual elasticity of the sealing rubber strip, and has the maximum air tightness correlation with the rubber sealing rubber strip. The smaller the compression set of the sealing rubber strip is, the larger the contact pressure between the rubber material and the compression surface is, and the better the gas sealing performance is.
The compression set of the joint strip after 10 days of multi-factor aging by the spraying method is shown in figure 8. As can be seen from the graph, the compression set is the largest and the next highest in the case of heat-oxygen-moisture aging, and the compression set is the smallest in the case of heat-oxygen-moisture salt aging, in all of the three compression ratios.
FIG. 9 shows the test results of the compression set of the joint strip after the multi-factor aging for 20 days by the spraying method. After the aging time is prolonged, the compression set rate is increased compared with that of the sealing rubber strip aged for 10 days, and the compression set rate of the sealing rubber strip aged by heat, oxygen and moisture is still larger than that of the sealing rubber strips aged under other two aging conditions.
As shown in fig. 10, the compression set of the joint strip after 15 and 30 days of soaking aging is the largest after thermal oxidation and moisture aging, the next time in thermal oxidation and moisture salt aging environment, and the smallest after thermal oxidation and moisture aging.
4. Multifactor aging test analysis
Aging is the most fundamental cause of the change in rubber properties, and from the analysis results of the aging test results, the main effect of aging on the properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer is the increase in compression set. The compression set rate is the most important reference index for detecting the performance of the sealing rubber strip, is an index for measuring the residual elasticity of the sealing rubber strip, and has the maximum air tightness correlation with the rubber sealing rubber strip. The smaller the compression permanent deformation rate of the sealing rubber strip after aging is, the smaller the decrement of the contact pressure between the rubber material and the compression surface in relative installation is, and the better the gas sealing performance is. The analysis in this chapter mainly takes the index of compression set percentage as main, takes the test results of hardness change percentage, scanning electron microscope test and infrared spectrum test as auxiliary, and analyzes the test results of the sealing rubber strip after multi-factor aging.
(1) Influence of Wet factor
The above results show that under the same aging condition, after thermal oxidation and moisture aging, the compression set of the rubber sealing rubber strip is always greater than that of thermal oxidation aging and thermal oxidation and moisture salt aging, and under the thermal oxidation and moisture environment, the hardness change rate of the rubber sealing strip is smaller, which shows that the moisture factor has greater influence on the compression set of the rubber sealing rubber strip. The influence of humidity on the performance of the ethylene propylene diene monomer is mainly the existence of water molecules, so that the rubber is hydrolyzed, and the crosslinking of macromolecular chains is further caused. Resulting in a decrease in rubber properties, which is manifested by a large compression set. Meanwhile, water molecules also have a certain corrosion effect on the rubber material, and the surface of the sealing rubber strip has more obvious cracks after wet aging in a scanning electron microscope image. As can be seen from the infrared spectrogram, the content of-OH (hydroxyl) in the spectrogram of the rubber is increased after thermal-oxidative wet aging, and the hydrolysis reaction is proved to occur. Under thermo-oxidative ageing conditions, the only occurrence of rubber is fatigue ageing, which is a result of the action of three major factors, heat, oxygen and stress.
(2) Influence of salt factor
The compression set rate of the sealing rubber strip in the environment of hot oxygen and wet salt is small in hot oxygen and wet salt aging, but in fact, the chemical influence caused by the aging of hot oxygen and wet salt is not negligible, as a result of a scanning electron microscope shows, salt has a corrosion effect on a rubber material, because in the environment of hot oxygen and wet salt, the surface of the rubber is easy to corrode and generates microcracks, a chemical medium extends the microcracks to enter the inside of the rubber material, the rubber is easy to absorb moisture and swell, the diameter cutting change is small in a dry and hot aging state, and the compression set rate after calculation is small. The chemical medium which extends the crack and enters the rubber material further promotes the development of microcrack while swelling the rubber, forms holes and makes the surface of the sealing rubber strip loose and porous, in this case SF6Gas may leak from the rubber material. In addition, the medium infiltration causes hydrolysis reaction and side chain methyl substitution inside the rubber, resulting in more severe aging. It can be seen from the infrared spectrogram that the content of-OH (hydroxyl) in the rubber sealing rubber strip is the largest after the rubber sealing rubber strip is aged by hot oxygen and wet salt, namely the salt factor enables the rubber to be more easily influenced by the wet factor, and the hydrolysis reaction is more severe. Under the environment of hot oxygen and wet salt, the hardness change rate of the sealant strip is large, the hardness is obviously reduced, the rubber material is loosened under the corrosion action of the salt, the main reason for reducing the hardness is the loosening effect of the salt, and in addition, the moisture permeation is also an important factor.
Generally speaking, the salt factor acts as an accelerating catalyst for the aging of the sealer strip material, and relatively speaking, temperature and humidity are key factors that influence the aging of the sealer strip material. In hot oxygen wet salt aging, the main role of the salt factor is to corrode the rubber surface, which leads to the aging of the water molecule permeating rubber material, which is derived from the infrared spectrogram with the maximum OH (hydroxyl) content and the increased C ═ O (carbonyl) content, and the water molecule and oxygen play a main role in the aging. Due to the heating environment and the presence of oxygen, peroxy radicals ROO are formed and react with EPDM to form alkoxy RO which is an important intermediate for generating-OH (hydroxyl) and C ═ O (carbonyl) and the aging mechanism is shown in FIG. 11.
(3) Influence of compression factor
The mechanical forces to which the bead is subjected are characterized by the amount of deformation of the bead cross-section in the vertical direction, in particular, defining the compressibility δ:
the compression is the necessary condition for the rubber ring to play a sealing role, and the sealing rubber strip is arranged in the sealing groove and is extruded by the flange, so that the mechanical pressure is obtained.
According to the test results, under the aging condition of 20% compression rate, the compression set rate of the sealing rubber strip is the largest, and the contact pressure of the sealing rubber strip is gradually reduced due to the increase of the compression set, so that the sealing performance of the sealing rubber strip is reduced. At 30% compression, the bead compression set is minimal.
5. Comparison of the aging properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer, chloroprene rubber and butyronitrile by multiple factors
The three rubbers have advantages, the ethylene propylene diene monomer has the characteristics of aging resistance and long service life, the nitrile rubber is generally used for oil sealing, and the chloroprene rubber has good heat resistance. Therefore, in artificial accelerated aging and performance comparison, the operation characteristics of the GIS are mainly considered:
(1) the GIS equipment has long maintenance time, the sealing rubber strip runs for a long time without being replaced, and the working time is long;
(2) the operating temperature of the sealing rubber strip of the mechanism box is high, and the highest temperature and the maximum temperature rise can reach 52.5K and 20K;
(3) southern power grid jurisdictions belong to high-temperature and high-humidity areas, and Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan are coastal areas, and the influence of 'wet' factors and 'salt' factors on rubber performance must be considered.
6. Test protocol
The test selects an ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber sealing strip and a nitrile rubber sealing strip provided by Shandongtaikai high-voltage insulation Co., Ltd, and a chloroprene rubber sealing strip provided by Suzhou Pifu seal Co., Ltd. The EPDM, the butyronitrile and the chloroprene rubber have no obvious difference in appearance and are black, the EPDM and the butyronitrile rubber cannot be distinguished by naked eyes, the surface gloss of the chloroprene rubber is slightly dark, and the three rubbers emit different smells. All sealing strips were of uniform size, 210 x 10 mm.
In the test, a distilled water soaking method and a salt water soaking method are adopted for multi-factor aging, rubber of three different materials is aged under the same condition, and the difference of the three materials in performance is compared after multi-factor aging, so that data support is provided for southern power grid companies in equipment material selection.
7. Test results
TABLE 5 data sheet of compression set and hardness of three rubbers after multi-factor aging
FIG. 12 shows the compression set and hardness change of three rubber joint strips after 15 days and 30 days of soaking aging.
FIG. 13 shows the compression set of three rubber joint strips after 15 days and 30 days of aging by soaking method. Obviously, the compression set of chloroprene rubber is the largest, and the compression set of ethylene propylene diene monomer is the second, and the compression set of ethylene propylene diene monomer is much smaller than that of chloroprene rubber and acrylonitrile butadiene rubber.
And comparing the hardness change rates of the three rubber sealing rubber strips after aging for 15 days and 30 days according to a soaking method. The chloroprene rubber has the largest hardness change rate, and the ethylene propylene diene monomer has the smallest hardness change rate.
From comparison of the three rubber materials of ethylene propylene diene monomer, chloroprene and butyronitrile before and after aging, it can be found that under the same conditions:
(1) under the same aging environment, the compression set of chloroprene rubber is the largest, the compression set of nitrile rubber is the second, and the compression set of ethylene propylene diene monomer is the smallest;
(2) the chloroprene rubber has the largest hardness change rate, the absolute value difference of the hardness change rates of the nitrile rubber and the ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber is not large when the chloroprene rubber is aged for 15 days, and the hardness change rate of the nitrile rubber is larger than that of the ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber after the chloroprene rubber is aged for 30 days;
(3) after multi-factor aging, the hardness of the chloroprene rubber and the nitrile rubber is increased, the hardness of the ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber is slightly reduced after aging for 15 days, and the hardness is slightly increased and is smaller after aging for 30 days. Hardness changes are inconsistent due to different leading factors in the aging process of each rubber material, generally, the hardness of the rubber is increased when cross-linking is dominant in the aging process, and the hardness of the rubber is decreased when chain breakage is dominant.
From the comparison of the physical properties of the three materials, the ethylene propylene diene is better than chloroprene rubber and nitrile rubber in all the physical properties:
(1) the higher deformation recovery rate proves that the ethylene propylene diene monomer has better compression recovery capacity, the performance is better in the sealing structure, and the lower carbonyl index after aging shows that the ethylene propylene diene monomer has strong oxidation resistance and better aging resistance;
(2) the rubber hardness is increased, so that the deformation capability of the sealing rubber strip adapting to pipelines is reduced, the sealing effect of the sealing rubber strip is reduced, and the ethylene propylene diene monomer sealing rubber strip with lower hardness change rate has better sealing performance than other two types of rubber sealing rubber strips;
(3) the rising of compression set can reduce joint strip's contact pressure gradually to reduce joint strip's sealing performance, rubber materials inevitably produces the compression set rate increase after ageing, the contrast discovery, under the same ageing condition, the EPT rubber compression set rate is always minimum, chloroprene rubber and butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber are recovering the ability of warping relatively poor after being compressed, in being used as joint strip long-term working process, contact pressure can be less than the joint strip of EPT, sealing performance is relatively poor.
In conclusion, after comparing the physicochemical properties of the decommissioned ethylene propylene diene monomer and chloroprene rubber sealing rubber strip and comparing the mechanical properties of the artificially accelerated multi-factor aged ethylene propylene diene monomer, chloroprene and nitrile rubber, the ethylene propylene diene monomer sealing rubber strip is more suitable to be used as a mechanism box sealing material, and for a GIS, the strength and weakness sequence of the three rubbers is as follows: ethylene propylene diene monomer, butyronitrile and chloroprene rubber.
Claims (9)
1. The method for detecting the aging performance of the sealing rubber strip of the mechanism box is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) constructing a GIS sealant strip material aging test platform, wherein the GIS sealant strip material aging test platform comprises a damp-heat aging test system and a test analysis system;
(2) the rubber material is placed in a GIS sealing rubber strip material aging test platform, is respectively in a heating environment, an extrusion compression environment, a humidifying environment and a salt environment, and the aging degree of the rubber strip in different environments is detected.
2. The method for detecting the aging performance of the sealing rubber strip of the mechanism box according to claim 1, wherein the damp-heat aging test system comprises an environment control system and a sample compression device; the environmental control system includes an electro-thermal forced air drying cabinet.
3. The method for detecting the aging performance of the sealing rubber strip of the mechanism box according to claim 1, wherein the test analysis system comprises a hardness detection device, a molecular structure detection device and a containment detection device.
4. The method for detecting the aging performance of the sealing rubber strip of the mechanism box according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the heating environment is 110-130 ℃.
5. The method for detecting the aging performance of the sealing rubber strip of the mechanism box according to claim 1, wherein the extrusion compression environment is constructed by the following steps: when the hardness of the rubber strip sample is 10-80 IRHD, the set compression rate is 25-30%.
6. The method for detecting the aging performance of the sealing rubber strip of the mechanism box according to claim 1, wherein the construction method of the humidifying environment comprises the following steps: uniformly spraying distilled water on the surface of the adhesive tape sample; or soaking the gel strip sample in distilled water.
7. The method for detecting the aging performance of the sealing rubber strip of the mechanism box according to claim 1, wherein the salt environment is constructed by the following steps: preparing a sodium chloride solution with the mass fraction of 4-6%, and spraying the sodium chloride solution onto the surface of an adhesive tape sample; or dipping the strip sample therein.
8. The method for detecting the aging performance of the sealing rubber strip of the mechanism box according to claim 1, wherein the process for detecting the aging degree of the rubber strip in different environments comprises the following steps: and (3) analyzing and detecting the compression set and the hardness of the adhesive tape by adopting an infrared spectrum, a scanning electron microscope and an X-ray electronic energy spectrum.
9. The method for detecting the aging performance of the sealing rubber strip of the mechanism box according to claim 8, wherein the compression set is calculated by the formula:
wherein d is0Original diameter of sealing rubber strip, dpTo restore the posterior intercept, hDIs the depth of the groove in which the sealant strip is located.
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